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Jang M, Yu SK, Lim SH, Jih MK, Jeong S. Radiologic study of the distance between the maxillary central incisor root and the incisive canal according to skeletal malocclusion classification. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16875. [PMID: 39043917 PMCID: PMC11266507 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the distance between the maxillary central incisor root and the incisive canal based on skeletal malocclusion classification and to analyze the morphology of the incisive canal using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Skeletal malocclusion was categorized into Class I, II, and III using lateral cephalometric analysis. Measurements of the distance between the maxillary central incisor root and the incisive canal were taken at two levels: 2 mm (L1) and 4 mm (L2) superior to the labial cementoenamel junction of the maxillary central incisor. At L1, the distance was found to be closer in the Class II group compared to the Class I or Class III groups. Similarly, at L2, the Class II group exhibited a closer distance than the Class III group. Interestingly, females showed a closer distance compared to males at both L1 and L2. Further analysis revealed a significant gender difference in the Class I and III groups, but not in the Class II group. These findings emphasize the significance of evaluating the distance between the maxillary central incisor root and the incisive canal in patients with skeletal Class II malocclusion, regardless of gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munkyeong Jang
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, 303 Pilmun-Daero, Dong-Gu, Gwangju, 61452, South Korea
| | - Sun-Kyoung Yu
- Department of Oral Anatomy, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Lim
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, 303 Pilmun-Daero, Dong-Gu, Gwangju, 61452, South Korea
| | - Myeong-Kwan Jih
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Seorin Jeong
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, 303 Pilmun-Daero, Dong-Gu, Gwangju, 61452, South Korea.
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Selvaraj A, Kumar Subramanian A. Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study of Incisive Canal and Maxillary Central Incisors in Dravidian Population. Cureus 2024; 16:e63707. [PMID: 39099987 PMCID: PMC11294486 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.63707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION En-masse maxillary anterior retraction is necessary to attain an esthetic profile in Angle's class I bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion and Angle's class II division 1 malocclusion. The objective of this study was to evaluate configurational relationships between maxillary incisors and incisive canal in Angle's class I bialveolar protrusion and Angle's class II division 1 malocclusion by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS A total of 108 adult CBCT scans of 54-skeletal class I bialveolar protrusion and 54-skeletal class II division 1 malocclusions were retrospectively analyzed. Angles between palatal plane and axis of maxillary alveolar border (θ1), incisive canal (θ2), and maxillary right central incisor (θ3) were measured in relation to the midsagittal plane. Linear measurements such as incisive canal width (IC-IC), medial inter-root distance (Rm-Rm), posterior inter-root distance (Rp-Rp), anteroposterior distance from Rm to tangent of right central incisor (11 Rm-Cat), and left central incisor (21 Rm-Cat) corresponding to three vertical levels (L1, L2, and L3) were assessed in axial cross-sectional plane. Association among angular measurements was examined by Spearman correlation coefficient analysis. Mann-Whitney U test compared variables of linear measurements at three vertical levels. RESULTS Estimated distance from incisor root to incisive canal was 5-6 mm in both groups slightly influenced by skeletal class and vertical levels but not gender. Mann-Whitney test demonstrated significant differences between groups at three vertical levels (p<0.05). Only θ2 revealed a significant difference (p<0.05) between malocclusions compared to θ1 and θ3. The angular measurements for both malocclusions were positively correlated (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Sagittal root-canal cortical plate distance varied significantly in both malocclusions (5-6 mm). Inter-root distance (Rp-Rp) was greater than incisive canal width (IC-IC) at all three vertical levels indicating a reduced possibility of canal invasion after maximum retraction at posterior levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abirami Selvaraj
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Aravind Kumar Subramanian
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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Kuc AE, Kotuła J, Nawrocki J, Babczyńska A, Lis J, Kawala B, Sarul M. The Assessment of the Rank of Torque Control during Incisor Retraction and Its Impact on the Resorption of Maxillary Central Incisor Roots According to Incisive Canal Anatomy-Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12082774. [PMID: 37109117 PMCID: PMC10144814 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12082774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Root resorption is one of the complications of orthodontic treatment, and has a varied and unclear aetiology. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between upper incisor resorption and contact with the incisive canal and the risk of resorption during orthodontic treatment associated with upper incisor retraction and torque control. SEARCH METHODS According to PRISMA guidelines, the main research question was defined in PICO. Scientific databases MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for linking keywords: Resorption of roots incisive canal, Resorption of roots nasopalatine canal, Incisive canal retraction and Nasopalatine canal retraction. SELECTION CRITERIA No time filters were applied due to the significantly limited number of studies. Publications in the English language were selected. Based on the information provided in the abstracts, articles were selected according to the following criteria: controlled clinical prospective trials and case reports. No randomised clinical trials (RCTs) or controlled clinical prospective trials (CCTs) were found. Articles unrelated to the topic of the planned study were excluded. The literature was reviewed, and the following journals were searched: American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, International Orthodontics, Journal of Clinical Orthodontics, Angle Orthodontist, Progress in Orthodontics, Orthodontics and Craniofacial Research, Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics, European Journal of Orthodontics and Korean Journal of Orthodontics. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS The articles were subjected to risk of bias and quality assessment using the ROBINS-I tool. RESULTS Four articles with a total of 164 participants were selected. In all studies, differences in root length were observed after contact with the incisive canal, which was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The contact of incisor roots with the incisive canal increases the risk of resorption of these roots. IC anatomy should be considered in orthodontic diagnosis using 3D imaging. The risk of resorption complications can be reduced by appropriate planning of the movement and extent of the incisor roots (torque control) and the possible use of incisor brackets with built-in greater angulation. Registration CRD42022354125.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ewa Kuc
- Department of Dentofacial Orthopedics and Orthodontics, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Kotuła
- Department of Dentofacial Orthopedics and Orthodontics, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Nawrocki
- Dental Star Specialist Aesthetic Dentistry Center, 15-215 Białystok, Poland
| | - Alicja Babczyńska
- Department of Dentofacial Orthopedics and Orthodontics, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Lis
- Department of Dentofacial Orthopedics and Orthodontics, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Beata Kawala
- Department of Dentofacial Orthopedics and Orthodontics, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Michał Sarul
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland
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Ongprakobkul N, Ishida Y, Petdachai S, Ishizaki A, Shimizu C, Techalertpaisarn P, Ono T. Morphometric and volumetric analysis of the proximity between the incisive canal and maxillary central incisors during anterior retraction: a retrospective cone-beam computed tomography study. Angle Orthod 2022; 93:488615. [PMID: 36440986 PMCID: PMC9933555 DOI: 10.2319/060222-406.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To elucidate the relationships and factors affecting the proximity between the incisive canal (IC) and maxillary central incisors and to predict the probable outcomes after anterior tooth retraction using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective CBCT data taken before and after maxillary anterior retraction in 36 patients were used in this study. The incisive canal length (ICL), maxillary central incisor length (TL), angles between the palatal plane and axes of the maxillary alveolar border (θ1), IC (θ2), and maxillary central incisor (θ3), retraction distance (TDE), distance from the maxillary central incisors to the IC (D), cross-sectional area of the IC (CSA), and volume of the IC were evaluated. Comparison of the parameters between contact and noncontact groups were examined. Logistic regression was performed to analyze the probable outcome prediction. RESULTS All parameters significantly decreased after anterior retraction, except for the ICL. Eighteen roots in 12 patients contacted the IC. The θ1, θ2, θ3, and D values at all levels were significantly lower, whereas the TDE, midlevel and oral opening CSA, and volume were significantly higher in the contact group compared with the noncontact group. The larger the pretreatment θ1 and θ3 were, the higher was the chance of incisors not contacting the IC. CONCLUSIONS Maxillary central incisors not contacting the IC after anterior retraction was positively associated with larger degrees of pretreatment maxillary alveolar bone angle and maxillary central incisor angle.
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Does the angulation between the maxillary central incisors and the nasopalatine canal differ among sagittal and vertical skeletal patterns? A CBCT study. Int Orthod 2022; 20:100636. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2022.100636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Arnaut A, Milanovic P, Vasiljevic M, Jovicic N, Vojinovic R, Selakovic D, Rosic G. The Shape of Nasopalatine Canal as a Determining Factor in Therapeutic Approach for Orthodontic Teeth Movement-A CBCT Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11122345. [PMID: 34943581 PMCID: PMC8700672 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11122345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the nasopalatine canal (NPC) shape and its morphometric characteristics on expected teeth movement by assessing the distance to maxillary central incisors (MCIs) according to NPC type. The retrospective study was performed on 133 CBCT images. The following parameters were obtained: the antero-posterior diameter (A-P) of the nasal foramen (NF), canal length, A-P and mediolateral diameter (M-L) of the incisive foramen (IF), and the distance between NPC and MCIs. With the exception of being hourglass-shaped, each NPC shape showed specific impacts of NPC shape on the relationship between NPC diameters at different sections and distances to MCIs. In banana-shaped NPC, a significant correlation was observed for A-P NF diameter, while in cylindrical-shaped NPC, a significant correlation was observed for NPC length. The increase in M-L IF, A-P IF, A-P NF, and NPC length in funnel-shaped NPC may be a risk factor for interventions that could result in teeth movement. According to the results, it seems that the proposed methodological approach for analysis of CBCT slices in the anterior maxilla may offer detailed information that could be an additional tool in planning the procedures that result in expected teeth movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Arnaut
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (A.A.); (P.M.); (M.V.)
| | - Pavle Milanovic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (A.A.); (P.M.); (M.V.)
| | - Milica Vasiljevic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (A.A.); (P.M.); (M.V.)
| | - Nemanja Jovicic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Radisa Vojinovic
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Dragica Selakovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (G.R.)
| | - Gvozden Rosic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (G.R.)
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Arnaut A, Milanovic P, Vasiljevic M, Jovicic N, Vojinovic R, Selakovic D, Rosic G. The Shape of Nasopalatine Canal as a Determining Factor in Therapeutic Approach for Orthodontic Teeth Movement—A CBCT Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11122345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the nasopalatine canal (NPC) shape and its morphometric characteristics on expected teeth movement by assessing the distance to maxillary central incisors (MCIs) according to NPC type. The retrospective study was performed on 133 CBCT images. The following parameters were obtained: the antero-posterior diameter (A-P) of the nasal foramen (NF), canal length, A-P and mediolateral diameter (M-L) of the incisive foramen (IF), and the distance between NPC and MCIs. With the exception of being hourglass-shaped, each NPC shape showed specific impacts of NPC shape on the relationship between NPC diameters at different sections and distances to MCIs. In banana-shaped NPC, a significant correlation was observed for A-P NF diameter, while in cylindrical-shaped NPC, a significant correlation was observed for NPC length. The increase in M-L IF, A-P IF, A-P NF, and NPC length in funnel-shaped NPC may be a risk factor for interventions that could result in teeth movement. According to the results, it seems that the proposed methodological approach for analysis of CBCT slices in the anterior maxilla may offer detailed information that could be an additional tool in planning the procedures that result in expected teeth movement.
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Ono T. Should the "envelope of discrepancy" be revised in the era of three-dimensional imaging? J World Fed Orthod 2020; 9:S59-S66. [PMID: 33023734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Since their introduction in the field of orthodontics, temporary anchorage devices (TADs) have been widely applied in the treatment of cases that have proven difficult to treat using conventional methods. Although TADs have broadened the scope of orthodontic treatment by modifying the envelope of discrepancy, whether they represent the ultimate solution in all cases remains controversial. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has recently been used to obtain three-dimensional images of the craniofacial skeleton and teeth. Thus, CBCT has clarified the three-dimensional morphology/configurations of structures that cannot be appropriately visualized using conventional imaging (i.e., cephalometric and panoramic radiographs). These structures include the incisive canal and maxillary sinus. In this review, I highlight the importance of understanding the mutual relationship between the roots of the maxillary teeth and these structures for diagnosis and treatment planning, as well as potential need to revise the envelope of discrepancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ono
- Professor and Chair, Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Congress Chair, 9th International Orthodontic Congress, Executive Committee, World Federation of Orthodontists (WFO), St. Louis, MO.
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