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Han M, Sun Y, Zhao W, Xiang G, Wang X, Jiang Z, Xue Z, Zhou W. Comprehensive characterization of TNFSF14/LIGHT with implications in prognosis and immunotherapy of human gliomas. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1025286. [PMID: 36341396 PMCID: PMC9632349 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1025286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a common central neural system malignant tumor among adults. Alongside its microscopic spread, immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment also induces its refractoriness, which makes immunotherapy for GBM particularly important. Unfortunately, traditional immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) often show limited therapeutic effects in GBM clinical trials, and new therapeutic strategies or targets are urgently needed. TNFSF14/LIGHT is a novel immune checkpoint molecule that plays essential roles in both innate and acquired immunity. Despite recent advances in our understanding of the function of TNFSF14/LIGHT in a variety of cancer types, the clinical and immunological importance of TNFSF14/LIGHT in human gliomas has not been fully explained. Here, we employed a comprehensive in silico analysis with publicly available data to analyze the molecular and immune characteristics of TNFSF14/LIGHT to explore its feasibility as an immunotherapy target. Totally, 2215 glioma cases were enrolled in the current study. Immunohistochemistry staining based on patient tissues (n = 34) was performed for the validation. TNFSF14/LIGHT was expressed higher in higher-WHO-grade gliomas and mesenchymal subtypes, and it was sensitive as a prognostic marker in GBM and low-grade glioma (LGG). A nomogram prognostic model was established based on TNFSF14/LIGHT expression together with other risk factors. Additionally, Gene Ontology and pathway analysis revealed that TNFSF14/LIGHT participated in T-cell activities and inflammatory processes. Moreover, analysis based on the structure and interactions of TNFSF14/LIGHT revealed its mutation sites in tumors as well as crucial interacting proteins. Analysis of IMvigor210 indicated the role of TNFSF14/LIGHT in immunotherapy. Altogether, our results reveal an underlying role of TNFSF14/LIGHT as an immunotherapy target in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhi Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanfei Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenbo Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guo Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiwei Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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2
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Biosensors for inflammation as a strategy to engineer regulatory T cells for cell therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2208436119. [PMID: 36161919 PMCID: PMC9546553 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2208436119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered regulatory T cell (Treg cell) therapy is a promising strategy to treat patients suffering from inflammatory diseases, autoimmunity, and transplant rejection. However, in many cases, disease-related antigens that can be targeted by Treg cells are not available. In this study, we introduce a class of synthetic biosensors, named artificial immune receptors (AIRs), for murine and human Treg cells. AIRs consist of three domains: (a) extracellular binding domain of a tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-receptor superfamily member, (b) intracellular costimulatory signaling domain of CD28, and (c) T cell receptor signaling domain of CD3-ζ chain. These AIR receptors equip Treg cells with an inflammation-sensing machinery and translate this environmental information into a CD3-ζ chain-dependent TCR-activation program. Different AIRs were generated, recognizing the inflammatory ligands of the TNF-receptor superfamily, including LIGHT, TNFα, and TNF-like ligand 1A (TL1A), leading to activation, differentiation, and proliferation of AIR-Treg cells. In a graft-versus-host disease model, Treg cells expressing lymphotoxin β receptor-AIR, which can be activated by the ligand LIGHT, protect significantly better than control Treg cells. Expression and signaling of the corresponding human AIR in human Treg cells prove that this concept can be translated. Engineering Treg cells that target inflammatory ligands leading to TCR signaling and activation might be used as a Treg cell-based therapy approach for a broad range of inflammation-driven diseases.
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Ware CF, Croft M, Neil GA. Realigning the LIGHT signaling network to control dysregulated inflammation. J Exp Med 2022; 219:213236. [PMID: 35604387 PMCID: PMC9130030 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in understanding the physiologic functions of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) of ligands, receptors, and signaling networks are providing deeper insight into pathogenesis of infectious and autoimmune diseases and cancer. LIGHT (TNFSF14) has emerged as an important modulator of critical innate and adaptive immune responses. LIGHT and its signaling receptors, herpesvirus entry mediator (TNFRSF14), and lymphotoxin β receptor, form an immune regulatory network with two co-receptors of herpesvirus entry mediator, checkpoint inhibitor B and T lymphocyte attenuator, and CD160. Deciphering the fundamental features of this network reveals new understanding to guide therapeutic development. Accumulating evidence from infectious diseases points to the dysregulation of the LIGHT network as a disease-driving mechanism in autoimmune and inflammatory reactions in barrier organs, including coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia and inflammatory bowel diseases. Recent clinical results warrant further investigation of the LIGHT regulatory network and application of target-modifying therapeutics for disease intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl F Ware
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Michael Croft
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
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4
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Qu HQ, Snyder J, Connolly J, Glessner J, Kao C, Sleiman P, Hakonarson H. Circulating LIGHT (TNFSF14) and Interleukin-18 Levels in Sepsis-Induced Multi-Organ Injuries. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020264. [PMID: 35203474 PMCID: PMC8869623 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel therapeutic target cytokine LIGHT (TNFSF14) was recently shown to play a major role in COVID-19-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This study aims to investigate the associations of plasma LIGHT and another potentially targetable cytokine, interleukin-18 (IL-18), with ARDS, acute hypoxic respiratory failure (AHRF), or acute kidney injury (AKI), caused by non-COVID-19 viral or bacterial sepsis. A total of 280 subjects diagnosed with sepsis, including 91 cases with sepsis triggered by viral infections, were investigated in this cohort study. Day 0 plasma LIGHT and IL-18, as well as 59 other biomarkers (cytokines, chemokines, and acute-phase reactants) were measured by sensitive bead immunoassay and associated with symptom severity. We observed significantly increased LIGHT level in both bacterial sepsis patients (p = 1.80 × 10−5) and patients with sepsis from viral infections (p = 1.78 × 10−3). In bacterial sepsis, increased LIGHT level was associated with ARDS, AKI, and higher Apache III scores, findings also supported by correlations of LIGHT with other biomarkers of organ failure. IL-18 levels were highly variable across individuals and consistently correlated with Apache III scores, mortality, and AKI in both bacterial and viral sepsis. There was no correlation between LIGHT and IL-18. For the first time, we demonstrate independent effects of LIGHT and IL-18 in septic organ failure. The association of plasma LIGHT with AHRF suggests that targeting the pathway warrants exploration, and ongoing trials may soon elucidate whether this is beneficial. Given the large variance of plasma IL-18 among septic subjects, targeting this pathway requires precise application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qi Qu
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (H.-Q.Q.); (J.S.); (J.C.); (J.G.); (C.K.); (P.S.)
| | - James Snyder
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (H.-Q.Q.); (J.S.); (J.C.); (J.G.); (C.K.); (P.S.)
| | - John Connolly
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (H.-Q.Q.); (J.S.); (J.C.); (J.G.); (C.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Joseph Glessner
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (H.-Q.Q.); (J.S.); (J.C.); (J.G.); (C.K.); (P.S.)
- Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Charlly Kao
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (H.-Q.Q.); (J.S.); (J.C.); (J.G.); (C.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Patrick Sleiman
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (H.-Q.Q.); (J.S.); (J.C.); (J.G.); (C.K.); (P.S.)
- Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (H.-Q.Q.); (J.S.); (J.C.); (J.G.); (C.K.); (P.S.)
- Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +267-426-0088
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Xiang W, Han S, Wang C, Chen H, Shen L, Zhu T, Wang K, Wei W, Qin J, Shushakova N, Rong S, Haller H, Jiang H, Chen J. Pre-transplant Transcriptional Signature in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Acute Renal Allograft Rejection. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:799051. [PMID: 35071278 PMCID: PMC8777044 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.799051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute rejection (AR) is closely associated with renal allograft dysfunction. Here, we utilised RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and bioinformatic methods to characterise the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with acute renal allograft rejection. Pretransplant blood samples were collected from 32 kidney allograft donors and 42 corresponding recipients with biopsies classified as T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR, n = 18), antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR, n = 5), and normal/non-specific changes (non-AR, n = 19). The patients with TCMR and ABMR were assigned to the AR group, and the patients with normal/non-specific changes (n = 19) were assigned to the non-AR group. We analysed RNA-Seq data for identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and then gene ontology (GO) analysis, Reactome, and ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA), protein—protein interaction (PPI) network, and cell-type enrichment analysis were utilised for bioinformatics analysis. We identified DEGs in the PBMCs of the non-AR group when compared with the AR, ABMR, and TCMR groups. Pathway and GO analysis showed significant inflammatory responses, complement activation, interleukin-10 (IL-10) signalling pathways, classical antibody-mediated complement activation pathways, etc., which were significantly enriched in the DEGs. PPI analysis showed that IL-10, VEGFA, CXCL8, MMP9, and several histone-related genes were the hub genes with the highest degree scores. Moreover, IPA analysis showed that several proinflammatory pathways were upregulated, whereas antiinflammatory pathways were downregulated. The combination of NFSF14+TANK+ANKRD 33 B +HSPA1B was able to discriminate between AR and non-AR with an AUC of 92.3% (95% CI 82.8–100). Characterisation of PBMCs by RNA-Seq and bioinformatics analysis demonstrated gene signatures and biological pathways associated with AR. Our study may provide the foundation for the discovery of biomarkers and an in-depth understanding of acute renal allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Xiang
- Kidney Disease Center, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Han
- Kidney Disease Center, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cuili Wang
- Kidney Disease Center, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongjun Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Shen
- Kidney Disease Center, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Kidney Disease Center, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenjie Wei
- Department of Nephropathy, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nelli Shushakova
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Song Rong
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hermann Haller
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hong Jiang
- Kidney Disease Center, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
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6
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Loss of regulatory capacity in Treg cells following rhinovirus infection. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:1016-1029.e16. [PMID: 34153372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory infections with rhinoviruses (RV) are strongly associated with development and exacerbations of asthma, and they pose an additional health risk for subjects with allergy. OBJECTIVE How RV infections and chronic allergic diseases are linked and what role RV plays in the breaking of tolerance in regulatory T (Treg) cells is unknown. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of RV on Treg cells. METHODS Treg cells were isolated from subjects with asthma and controls after experimental infection with the RV-A16 (RV16) and analyzed with next-generation sequencing. Additionally, suppression assays, quantitative PCR assays, and protein quantifications were performed with Treg cells after in vitro RV16 infection. RESULTS RV16 induced a strong antiviral response in Treg cells from subjects with asthma and controls, including the upregulation of IFI44L, MX1, ISG15, IRF7, and STAT1. In subjects with asthma, the inflammatory response was exaggerated and showed a dysregulated immune response compared with that in the controls. Furthermore, subjects with asthma failed to upregulate several immunosuppressive molecules such as CTLA4 and CD69, and they upregulated the inflammasome-related genes PYCARD and AIM2. Additionally, RV16 reduced the suppressive capacity of Treg cells from healthy subjects and subjects with asthma in vitro and increased TH2 cell-type cytokine production. CONCLUSIONS Treg cells from healthy subjects and subjects with asthma displayed an antiviral response after RV infection and showed reduced suppressive capacity. These data suggest that Treg cell function might be altered or impaired during RV infections, which might play an important role in the association between RV and the development of asthma and asthma exacerbations.
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Qu HQ, Qu J, Dunn T, Snyder J, Miano TA, Connolly J, Glessner J, Anderson BJ, Reilly JP, Jones TK, Giannini HM, Agyekum RS, Weisman AR, Ittner CAG, Rodrigues LG, Kao C, Shashaty MGS, Sleiman P, Meyer NJ, Hakonarson H. Elevation of Circulating LIGHT (TNFSF14) and Interleukin-18 Levels in Sepsis-Induced Multi-Organ Injuries. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [PMID: 34075388 DOI: 10.1101/2021.05.25.21257799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective The cytokines, LIGHT (TNFSF14) and Interleukin-18 (IL-18), are two important therapeutic targets due to their central roles in the function of activated T cells and inflammatory injury. LIGHT was recently shown to play a major role in COVID19 induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), reducing mortality and hospital stay. This study aims to investigate the associations of LIGHT and IL-18 with non-COVID19 related ARDS, acute hypoxic respiratory failure (AHRF) or acute kidney injury (AKI), secondary to viral or bacterial sepsis. Research Design and Methods A cohort of 280 subjects diagnosed with sepsis, including 91 cases with sepsis triggered by viral infections, were investigated in this study and compared to healthy controls. Serum LIGHT, IL-18, and 59 other biomarkers (cytokines, chemokines and acute-phase reactants) were measured and associated with symptom severity. Results ARDS was observed in 36% of the patients, with 29% of the total patient cohort developing multi-organ failure (failure of two or more organs). We observed significantly increased LIGHT level (>2SD above mean of healthy subjects) in both bacterial sepsis patients (P=1.80E-05) and patients with sepsis from viral infections (P=1.78E-03). In bacterial sepsis, increased LIGHT level associated with ARDS, AKI and higher Apache III scores, findings also supported by correlations of LIGHT with other biomarkers of organ failures, suggesting LIGHT may be an inflammatory driver. IL-18 levels were highly variable across individuals, and consistently correlated with Apache III scores, mortality, and AKI, in both bacterial and viral sepsis. Conclusions For the first time, we demonstrate independent effects of LIGHT and IL-18 in septic organ failures. LIGHT levels are significantly elevated in non-COVID19 sepsis patients with ARDS and/or multi-organ failures suggesting that anti-LIGHT therapy may be effective therapy in a subset of patients with sepsis. Given the large variance of plasma IL-18 among septic subjects, targeting this pathway raises opportunities that require a precision application.
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Guo XY, Zhang GH, Wang ZN, Duan H, Xie T, Liang L, Cui R, Hu HR, Wu Y, Dong JJ, He ZQ, Mou YG. A novel Foxp3-related immune prognostic signature for glioblastoma multiforme based on immunogenomic profiling. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:3501-3517. [PMID: 33429364 PMCID: PMC7906197 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) play an important part in the glioma immunosuppressive microenvironment. This study analyzed the effect of Foxsp3 on the immune microenvironment and constructed a Foxp3-related immune prognostic signature (IPS)for predicting prognosis in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining for Foxp3 was performed in 72 high-grade glioma specimens. RNA-seq data from 152 GBM samples were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA) and divided into two groups, Foxp3 High (Foxp3_H) and Foxp3 Low (Foxp3_L), based on Foxp3 expression. We systematically analyzed the influence of Foxp3 on the immune microenvironment. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) Cox analysis was conducted for immune-related genes that were differentially expressed between Foxp3_H and Foxp3_L GBM patients. We found a differential expression of Foxp3 in high-grade glioma tissues. The presence of Foxp3 was significantly associated with poor OS. From the four-gene IPS developed, GBM patients were stratified into low-risk and high-risk groups in both the training set and validation sets. Furthermore, we developed a novel nomogram to evaluate the overall survival in GBM patients. This study offers innovative insights into the GBM immune microenvironment and these findings contribute to individualized treatment and improvement in the prognosis for GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Guan-Hua Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China.,Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Zhen-Ning Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Hao Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Tian Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Lun Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Rui Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Hong-Rong Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen 529030, China
| | - Jia-Jun Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen 529030, China
| | - Zhen-Qiang He
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yong-Gao Mou
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
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Skeate JG, Otsmaa ME, Prins R, Fernandez DJ, Da Silva DM, Kast WM. TNFSF14: LIGHTing the Way for Effective Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:922. [PMID: 32499782 PMCID: PMC7243824 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 14 (LIGHT) has been in pre-clinical development for over a decade and shows promise as a modality of enhancing treatment approaches in the field of cancer immunotherapy. To date, LIGHT has been used to combat cancer in multiple tumor models where it can be combined with other immunotherapy modalities to clear established solid tumors as well as treat metastatic events. When LIGHT molecules are delivered to or expressed within tumors they cause significant changes in the tumor microenvironment that are primarily driven through vascular normalization and generation of tertiary lymphoid structures. These changes can synergize with methods that induce or support anti-tumor immune responses, such as checkpoint inhibitors and/or tumor vaccines, to greatly improve immunotherapeutic strategies against cancer. While investigators have utilized multiple vectors to LIGHT-up tumor tissues, there are still improvements needed and components to be found within a human tumor microenvironment that may impede translational efforts. This review addresses the current state of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph G Skeate
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mikk E Otsmaa
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ruben Prins
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Daniel J Fernandez
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Diane M Da Silva
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - W Martin Kast
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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10
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Shi F, Zhang Y, Qiu C, Xiong Y, Li M, Shan A, Yang Y, Li B. Effects of inhaled corticosteroids on the expression of TNF family molecules in murine model of allergic asthma. Exp Lung Res 2018; 43:301-310. [PMID: 29140131 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2017.1376129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor necrosis factor superfamily member LIGHT (the official gene symbol approved by NCBI Gene Database), an inflammatory factor secreted by T cells after allergen exposure, recently discovered to play crucial roles in asthmatic airway remodeling. However, it is unclear whether LIGHT could be controlled by inhaled corticosteroids, a key component of asthma management. This study was to investigate the effects and potential mechanisms of inhaled budesonide on the expressions of LIGHT and its receptors (LTβR and HVEM) of lung tissues in ovalbumin-sensitized mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-three BALB/c mice were randomly divided into the control, asthma model, and budesonide treatment groups (11 in each group). Mice were sensitized and challenged by OVA to develop mouse model of chronic asthma, and treated with aerosolized budesonide before OVA challenge. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lungs were obtained after the final OVA challenge. Protein and mRNA Levels of LIGHT, LTβR, and HVEM in the lungs were investigated by immunohistochemistry, image analysis, and real-time PCR. Expressions of IL-6 and IFN-γ in BALF were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Inhaled budesonide significantly reduced protein and mRNA levels of lung LIGHT, LTβR, and HVEM in asthmatic mice. Correspondingly, the number of eosinophils and neutrophils and IL-6 levels in BALF after budesonide treatment were found to be decreased, whereas the IFN-γ levels in BALF were increased. Moreover, the expressions of LIGHT and HVEM mRNA showed positive correlation with IL-6 levels in the treatment group. CONCLUSIONS Inhaled budesonide can down-regulate the expressions of LIGHT, LTβR, and HVEM in the lungs of asthmatic mice, and LIGHT/LTβR/HVEM interactions may be a potentially key target for asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Shi
- a Emergency Department , Jinan University, The Second Clinical College , NO. 1017 Dongmen north Road, Shenzhen , China
| | - Yarui Zhang
- b Biomedical Research Institute , Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center , NO. 1120 Lianhua Road, Shenzhen , China
| | - Chen Qiu
- c Pulmonary Department , Jinan University, The Second Clinical College , NO. 1017 Dongmen north Road, Shenzhen , China
| | - Yi Xiong
- b Biomedical Research Institute , Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center , NO. 1120 Lianhua Road, Shenzhen , China
| | - Manhui Li
- b Biomedical Research Institute , Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center , NO. 1120 Lianhua Road, Shenzhen , China
| | - Aijun Shan
- a Emergency Department , Jinan University, The Second Clinical College , NO. 1017 Dongmen north Road, Shenzhen , China
| | - Ying Yang
- a Emergency Department , Jinan University, The Second Clinical College , NO. 1017 Dongmen north Road, Shenzhen , China
| | - Binbin Li
- a Emergency Department , Jinan University, The Second Clinical College , NO. 1017 Dongmen north Road, Shenzhen , China
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11
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Berraondo P, Minute L, Ajona D, Corrales L, Melero I, Pio R. Innate immune mediators in cancer: between defense and resistance. Immunol Rev 2017; 274:290-306. [PMID: 27782320 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation in the tumor microenvironment and evasion of the antitumor effector immune response are two of the emerging hallmarks required for oncogenesis and cancer progression. The innate immune system not only plays a critical role in perpetuating these tumor-promoting hallmarks but also in developing antitumor adaptive immune responses. Thus, understanding the dual role of the innate system in cancer immunology is required for the design of combined immunotherapy strategies able to tackle established tumors. Here, we review recent advances in the understanding of the role of cell populations and soluble components of the innate immune system in cancer, with a focus on complement, the adapter molecule Stimulator of Interferon Genes, natural killer cells, myeloid cells, and B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Berraondo
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Luna Minute
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Daniel Ajona
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Program of Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, CIMA, Pamplona, Spain.,Deparment of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Ignacio Melero
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ruben Pio
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain. .,Program of Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, CIMA, Pamplona, Spain. .,Deparment of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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12
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Huarte E, Jun S, Rynda-Apple A, Golden S, Jackiw L, Hoffman C, Maddaloni M, Pascual DW. Regulatory T Cell Dysfunction Acquiesces to BTLA+ Regulatory B Cells Subsequent to Oral Intervention in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:5036-46. [PMID: 27194787 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) induced during autoimmunity often become quiescent and unable to resolve disease, suggesting inadequate activation. Resolution of established experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) can be achieved with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) fused to reovirus protein σ1 (MOG-pσ1), which activates Tregs, restoring protection, but requiring other regulatory cells to revitalize them. B cells have a dichotomous role in both the pathogenesis and recovery from EAE. Although inflammatory B cells contribute to EAE's pathogenesis, treatment of EAE mice with MOG-pσ1, but not OVA-pσ1, resulted in an influx of IL-10-producing B220(+)CD5(+) B regulatory cells (Bregs) enabling Tregs to recover their inhibitory activity, and in turn, leading to the rapid amelioration of EAE. These findings implicate direct interactions between Bregs and Tregs to facilitate this recovery. Adoptive transfer of B220(+)CD5(-) B cells from MOG-pσ1-treated EAE or Bregs from PBS-treated EAE mice did not resolve disease, whereas the adoptive transfer of MOG-pσ1-induced B220(+)CD5(+) Bregs greatly ameliorated EAE. MOG-pσ1-, but not OVA-pσ1-induced IL-10-producing Bregs, expressed elevated levels of B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) relative to CD5(-) B cells, as opposed to Tregs or effector T (Teff) cells, whose BTLA expression was not affected. These induced Bregs restored EAE Treg function in a BTLA-dependent manner. BTLA(-/-) mice showed more pronounced EAE with fewer Tregs, but upon adoptive transfer of MOG-pσ1-induced BTLA(+) Bregs, BTLA(-/-) mice were protected against EAE. Hence, this evidence shows the importance of BTLA in activating Tregs to facilitate recovery from EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Huarte
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611; and
| | - SangMu Jun
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611; and
| | - Agnieszka Rynda-Apple
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59718
| | - Sara Golden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59718
| | - Larissa Jackiw
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59718
| | - Carol Hoffman
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611; and
| | - Massimo Maddaloni
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611; and
| | - David W Pascual
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611; and
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13
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Pauthner M, Yeung J, Ullman C, Bakker J, Wurch T, Reichert JM, Lund-Johansen F, Bradbury AR, Carter PJ, Melis JP. Antibody Engineering & Therapeutics, the annual meeting of The Antibody Society December 7-10, 2015, San Diego, CA, USA. MAbs 2016; 8:617-52. [PMID: 26909869 PMCID: PMC4966842 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2016.1153211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The 26th Antibody Engineering & Therapeutics meeting, the annual meeting of The Antibody Society united over 800 participants from all over the world in San Diego from 6-10 December 2015. The latest innovations and advances in antibody research and development were discussed, covering a myriad of antibody-related topics by more than 100 speakers, who were carefully selected by The Antibody Society. As a prelude, attendees could join the pre-conference training course focusing, among others, on the engineering and enhancement of antibodies and antibody-like scaffolds, bispecific antibody engineering and adaptation to generate chimeric antigen receptor constructs. The main event covered 4 d of scientific sessions that included antibody effector functions, reproducibility of research and diagnostic antibodies, new developments in antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), preclinical and clinical ADC data, new technologies and applications for bispecific antibodies, antibody therapeutics for non-cancer and orphan indications, antibodies to harness the cellular immune system, building comprehensive IgVH-gene repertoires through discovering, confirming and cataloging new germline IgVH genes, and overcoming resistance to clinical immunotherapy. The Antibody Society's special session focused on "Antibodies to watch" in 2016. Another special session put the spotlight on the limitations of the new definitions for the assignment of antibody international nonproprietary names introduced by the World Health Organization. The convention concluded with workshops on computational antibody design and on the promise and challenges of using next-generation sequencing for antibody discovery and engineering from synthetic and in vivo libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Pauthner
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul J. Carter
- Antibody Engineering Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, USA
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14
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Hahn SA, Bellinghausen I, Trinschek B, Becker C. Translating Treg Therapy in Humanized Mice. Front Immunol 2015; 6:623. [PMID: 26697017 PMCID: PMC4677486 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) control immune cell function as well as non-immunological processes. Their far-reaching regulatory activities suggest their functional manipulation as a means to sustainably and causally intervene with the course of diseases. Preclinical tools and strategies are however needed to further test and develop interventional strategies outside the human body. “Humanized” mouse models consisting of mice engrafted with human immune cells and tissues provide new tools to analyze human Treg ontogeny, immunobiology, and therapy. Here, we summarize the current state of humanized mouse models as a means to study human Treg function at the molecular level and to design strategies to harness these cells for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne A Hahn
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University , Mainz , Germany
| | - Iris Bellinghausen
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University , Mainz , Germany
| | - Bettina Trinschek
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University , Mainz , Germany
| | - Christian Becker
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University , Mainz , Germany
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15
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Yan L, Da Silva DM, Verma B, Gray A, Brand HE, Skeate JG, Porras TB, Kanodia S, Kast WM. Forced LIGHT expression in prostate tumors overcomes Treg mediated immunosuppression and synergizes with a prostate tumor therapeutic vaccine by recruiting effector T lymphocytes. Prostate 2015; 75:280-91. [PMID: 25399517 PMCID: PMC4306455 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND LIGHT, a ligand for lymphotoxin-β receptor (LTβR) and herpes virus entry mediator, is predominantly expressed on activated immune cells and LTβR signaling leads to the recruitment of lymphocytes. The interaction between LIGHT and LTβR has been previously shown to activate immune cells and result in tumor regression in a virally-induced tumor model, but the role of LIGHT in tumor immunosuppression or in a prostate cancer setting, where self antigens exist, has not been explored. We hypothesized that forced expression of LIGHT in prostate tumors would shift the pattern of immune cell infiltration toward an anti-tumoral milieu, would inhibit T regulatory cells (Tregs) and would induce prostate cancer tumor associated antigen (TAA) specific T cells that would eradicate tumors. METHODS Real Time PCR was used to evaluate expression of forced LIGHT and other immunoregulatory genes in prostate tumors samples. For in vivo studies, adenovirus encoding murine LIGHT was injected intratumorally into TRAMP-C2 prostate cancer cell tumor bearing mice. Chemokine and cytokine concentrations were determined by multiplex ELISA. Flow cytometry was used to phenotype tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and expression of LIGHT on the tumor cell surface. Tumor-specific lymphocytes were quantified via ELISpot assay. Treg induction and Treg suppression assays determined Treg functionality after LIGHT treatment. RESULTS LIGHT in combination with a therapeutic vaccine, PSCA TriVax, reduced tumor burden. LIGHT expression peaked within 48 hr of infection, recruited effector T cells that recognized mouse prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) into the tumor microenvironment, and inhibited infiltration of Tregs. Tregs isolated from tumor draining lymph nodes had impaired suppressive capability after LIGHT treatment. CONCLUSION Forced LIGHT treatment combined with PSCA TriVax therapeutic vaccination delays prostate cancer progression in mice by recruiting effector T lymphocytes to the tumor and inhibiting Treg mediated immunosuppression. Prostate 75:280-291, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Yan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Diane M. Da Silva
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Bhavna Verma
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Andrew Gray
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Heike E. Brand
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Joseph G. Skeate
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Tania B. Porras
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Shreya Kanodia
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - W. Martin Kast
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Urology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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16
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Abstract
The observation that a subset of cancer patients show evidence for spontaneous CD8+ T cell priming against tumor-associated antigens has generated renewed interest in the innate immune pathways that might serve as a bridge to an adaptive immune response to tumors. Manipulation of this endogenous T cell response with therapeutic intent-for example, using blocking antibodies inhibiting PD-1/PD-L1 (programmed death-1/programmed death ligand 1) interactions-is showing impressive clinical results. As such, understanding the innate immune mechanisms that enable this T cell response has important clinical relevance. Defined innate immune interactions in the cancer context include recognition by innate cell populations (NK cells, NKT cells, and γδ T cells) and also by dendritic cells and macrophages in response to damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Recent evidence has indicated that the major DAMP driving host antitumor immune responses is tumor-derived DNA, sensed by the stimulator of interferon gene (STING) pathway and driving type I IFN production. A deeper knowledge of the clinically relevant innate immune pathways involved in the recognition of tumors is leading toward new therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.
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17
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Maker AV, Ito H, Mo Q, Weisenberg E, Qin LX, Turcotte S, Maithel S, Shia J, Blumgart L, Fong Y, Jarnagin WR, DeMatteo RP, D'Angelica MI. Genetic evidence that intratumoral T-cell proliferation and activation are associated with recurrence and survival in patients with resected colorectal liver metastases. Cancer Immunol Res 2015; 3:380-8. [PMID: 25600439 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-14-0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Though immune responses correlate with prognosis in primary colorectal cancer, the role of tumor immunity in metastatic disease is less clear. We hypothesized that patient survival and tumor recurrence correlate with transcriptional evidence of lymphocyte proliferation/activation in resected colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM). Microarray gene analysis was performed on liver tumor specimens from 96 patients who underwent resection for CRLM. A Cox proportional hazards model identified genes associated with overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). Conventional gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis ranked biologically relevant processes. Survival probabilities of prioritized processes were assessed. Protein expression was validated with immunohistochemistry in an independent set of patients. GO analysis identified and ranked unique biologic processes that correlated with survival. Genes that specifically functioned in the biologic process of "T-cell proliferation" were significant predictors of OS (P = 0.01), and both "T-cell proliferation" and "activation" were highly associated with RFS (P ≤ 0.01). Analysis of genes in these GO categories identified increased TNFSF14/LIGHT expression to be most associated with improved OS and RFS (P ≤ 0.0006). Immunohistochemistry of an independent validation set of CRLM confirmed that both increased tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and higher LIGHT expression on TILs were associated with improved OS and RFS. Differential expression of genes involved in T-cell proliferation/activation was associated with survival outcomes in a large number of surgical patients who underwent resection of CRLM. These biologic functions determined by GO analysis of the tumor microenvironment have identified specific immune-related genes that may be involved in an antitumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay V Maker
- Department of Surgery, Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Hiromichi Ito
- Department of Surgery, Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Qianxing Mo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Elliot Weisenberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Li-Xuan Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Simon Turcotte
- Department of Surgery, Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Shishir Maithel
- Department of Surgery, Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jinru Shia
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Leslie Blumgart
- Department of Surgery, Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Yuman Fong
- Department of Surgery, Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - William R Jarnagin
- Department of Surgery, Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ronald P DeMatteo
- Department of Surgery, Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michael I D'Angelica
- Department of Surgery, Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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18
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Spranger S, Gajewski T. Rational combinations of immunotherapeutics that target discrete pathways. J Immunother Cancer 2013; 1:16. [PMID: 24829752 PMCID: PMC4019905 DOI: 10.1186/2051-1426-1-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective anti-tumor immune response requires the coordinated action of the innate and adaptive phases of the immune system. Critical processes include the activation of dendritic cells to present antigens, produce cytokines including type I interferons, and express multiple costimulatory ligands; induction of a productive T cell response within lymph nodes; migration of activated T cells to the tumor microenvironment in response to chemokines and homing receptor expression; and having effector T cells gain access to antigen-expressing tumor cells and maintain sufficient functionality to destroy them. However, tumors can become adept at escaping the immune response, developing multiple mechanisms to disrupt key processes. In general, tumors can be assigned into two different, major groups depending on whether the tumor there is an 'inflamed' or 'non-inflamed' tumor microenvironment. Improvements in our understanding of the interactions between the immune system and cancer have resulted in the development of various strategies to improve the immune-mediated control of tumors in both sub-groups. Categories of major immunotherapeutic intervention include methods to increase the frequency of tumor antigen-specific effector T cells in the circulation, strategies to block or uncouple a range of immune suppressive mechanisms within the tumor microenvironment, and tactics to induce de novo immune inflammation within the tumor microenvironment. The latter may be particularly important for eliciting immune recognition of non-inflamed tumor phenotypes. The premise put forth in this review is that synergistic therapeutic effects in vivo may be derived from combination therapies taken from distinct "bins" based on these mechanisms of action. Early data in both preclinical and some clinical studies provide support for this model. We also suggest that optimal application of these combinations may be aided by appropriate patient selection based on predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefani Spranger
- Biological Sciences Division, Pathology, The University of Chicago, 929 E. 57th Street, GCIS W-423, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Thomas Gajewski
- Department of Pathology and Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., MC2115, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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19
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Shen S, Wang F, Chen L, Wang T, Hu Y, Zhang X. Immunoreactivity of Two Novel Monoclonal Antibodies Against Human Inducible Co-stimulator Ligand. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 2011; 30:361-8. [DOI: 10.1089/hyb.2011.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Shen
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China
| | - Fengming Wang
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Liwen Chen
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yumin Hu
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xueguang Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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