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LIGHT Amplification by NF- κB Contributes to TLR3 Signaling Pathway-Induced Acute Hepatitis. Mediators Inflamm 2023; 2023:3732315. [PMID: 36654880 PMCID: PMC9842417 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3732315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
LIGHT is a member of the TNF superfamily and a proinflammatory cytokine involved in liver pathogenesis. Many liver diseases involve activation of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), which is activated by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). However, the involvement of LIGHT in TLR3 implicated liver diseases is not clear. In this study, we investigated the role of LIGHT in TLR3 involved liver pathogenesis by using a mouse model of TLR3 agonist poly(I:C)-induced hepatitis. We found LIGHT expression at both protein and mRNA level in liver tissues is dramatically increased during the course of poly(I:C)-induced liver injury. This induction depends on NF-κB activation as pretreating the mice with a NF-κB inhibitor abrogates LIGHT upregulation. Importantly, blockade of the LIGHT signaling pathway with the recombinant LIGHT receptor HVEM protein ameliorates liver injury in poly(I:C)-induced hepatitis. Conclusions. These results indicate that LIGHT amplification by NF-κB plays a significant role in TLR3 involved hepatitis and points LIGHT to be a potential drug target for liver disease therapy.
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2
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Shrestha R, Garrett-Thomson S, Liu W, Almo SC, Fiser A. Allosteric regulation of binding specificity of HVEM for CD160 and BTLA ligands upon G89F mutation. Curr Res Struct Biol 2021; 3:337-345. [PMID: 34917954 PMCID: PMC8666650 DOI: 10.1016/j.crstbi.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular interactions mediated by engagement of the Herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) with members of TNF and Ig superfamily generate distinct signals in T cell activation pathways that modulate inflammatory and inhibitory responses. HVEM interacts with CD160 and B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA), both members of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily, which share a common binding site that is unique from that of LIGHT, a TNF ligand. BTLA or CD160 engagement with HVEM deliver inhibitory or stimulatory signals to the host immune response in a context dependent fashion, whereas HVEM engagement with LIGHT results in pro-inflammatory responses. We identified a mutation in human HVEM, G89F, which directly interferes with the human LIGHT interaction, but interestingly, also differentially modulates the binding of human BTLA and CD160 via an apparent allosteric mechanism involving recognition surfaces remote from the site of the mutation. Specifically, the G89F mutation enhances binding of CD160, while decreasing that of BTLA to HVEM in cell-based assays. Molecular dynamics simulations for wild-type and G89F mutant HVEM, bound to different sets of ligands, were performed to define the molecular basis of this unexpected allosteric effect. These results were leveraged to design additional human HVEM mutants with altered binding specificities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rojan Shrestha
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Sarah Garrett-Thomson
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Weifeng Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Steven C. Almo
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Andras Fiser
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
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3
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Brunetti G, Belisario DC, Bortolotti S, Storlino G, Colaianni G, Faienza MF, Sanesi L, Alliod V, Buffoni L, Centini E, Voena C, Pulito R, Novello S, Ingravallo G, Rizzi R, Mori G, Reseland JE, Ware CF, Colucci S, Ferracini R, Grano M, Roato I. LIGHT/TNFSF14 Promotes Osteolytic Bone Metastases in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:671-680. [PMID: 31826304 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 14 (TNFSF14), LIGHT, is a component of the cytokine network that regulates innate and adaptive immune responses, which promote homeostasis of lymphoid organs, liver, and bone. Metastatic tumors often disrupt the tissue microenvironment, thus altering the homeostasis of the invaded organ; however, the underlying mechanisms required further studies. We investigated the role of LIGHT in osteolytic bone disease induced by metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients diagnosed with NSCLC bone metastasis show significantly higher levels of LIGHT expressed in monocytes compared with non-bone metastatic tumors and healthy controls. Serum LIGHT levels were also higher in patients with bone metastases than in controls, suggesting a role for LIGHT in stimulating osteoclast precursors. In bone metastatic patients, we also detected increased RNA expression and serum RANKL levels, thus by adding anti-LIGHT or RANK-fragment crystallizable region (RANK-Fc) in PBMC cultures, a significant inhibition of osteoclastogenesis was observed. To model this observation in mice, we used the mouse lung cancer cell line LLC-1. After intratibial implantation, wild-type mice showed an increased number of osteoclasts but reduced numbers of osteoblasts and decreased osteoid formation. In contrast, Tnfsf14-/- mice showed no significant bone loss or other changes in bone homeostasis associated with this model. These data indicate LIGHT is a key control mechanism for regulating bone homeostasis during metastatic invasion. Thus, LIGHT may be a novel therapeutic target in osteolytic bone metastases. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomina Brunetti
- Department of Basic and Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Dimas C Belisario
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Bortolotti
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Storlino
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Graziana Colaianni
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria F Faienza
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Sanesi
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Valentina Alliod
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Turin Medical School, Turin, Italy
| | - Lucio Buffoni
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Turin Medical School, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Centini
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Claudia Voena
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberta Pulito
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Novello
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ingravallo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Rita Rizzi
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giorgio Mori
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Janne E Reseland
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo Blindern, Oslo, Norway
| | - Carl F Ware
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Silvia Colucci
- Department of Basic and Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ferracini
- Department of Surgical Sciences (DISC), Orthopaedic Clinic-IRCCS, A.O.U. San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Grano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Roato
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
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Virgen-Slane R, Correa RG, Ramezani-Rad P, Steen-Fuentes S, Detanico T, DiCandido MJ, Li J, Ware CF. Cutting Edge: The RNA-Binding Protein Ewing Sarcoma Is a Novel Modulator of Lymphotoxin β Receptor Signaling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:1085-1090. [PMID: 31969387 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR) signaling is crucial for lymphoid tissue organogenesis and immune homeostasis. To identify novel regulatory mechanisms for signaling, we implemented a two-step screen that uses coexpression analysis of human fibroblasts undergoing LTβR stimulation and affinity-purification mass spectrometry for the LTβR signaling protein TNFR-associated factor 3 (TRAF3). We identify Ewing sarcoma (EWS) protein as a novel LTβR signaling component that associates with TRAF3 but not with TNFR-associated factor 2 (TRAF2). The EWS:TRAF3 complex forms under unligated conditions that are disrupted following activation of the LTβR. We conclude that EWS limits expression of proinflammatory molecules, GM-CSF, and ERK-2, promoting immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Virgen-Slane
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Ricardo G Correa
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Parham Ramezani-Rad
- National Cancer Institute-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037; and
| | - Seth Steen-Fuentes
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Thiago Detanico
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Michael J DiCandido
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT 06877
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT 06877
| | - Carl F Ware
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037;
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5
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Zhu HF, Liu YP, Liu DL, Ma YD, Hu ZY, Wang XY, Gu CS, Zhong Y, Long T, Kan HP, Li ZG. Role of TGFβ3-Smads-Sp1 axis in DcR3-mediated immune escape of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncogenesis 2019; 8:43. [PMID: 31409774 PMCID: PMC6692328 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-019-0152-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of tumour-associated mortality worldwide, but no significant improvement in treating HCC has been reported with currently available systemic therapies. Immunotherapy represents a new frontier in tumour therapy. Therefore, the immunobiology of hepatocarcinoma has been under intensive investigation. Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3), a member of the tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily, is an immune suppressor associated with tumourigenesis and cancer metastasis. However, little is known about the role of DcR3 in the immunobiology of hepatocarcinoma. In this study, we found that overexpression of DcR3 in HCC is mediated by the TGFβ3-Smad-Sp1 signalling pathway, which directly targets DcR3 promoter regions. Moreover, overexpression of DcR3 in HCC tissues is associated with tumour invasion and metastasis and significantly promotes the differentiation and secretion of Th2 and Treg cells while inhibiting the differentiation and secretion of Th1 cells. Conversely, knockdown of DcR3 expression in HCC significantly restored the immunity of CD4+ T cells. Inhibition of DcR3 expression may provide a novel immunotherapeutic approach to restoring immunity in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fang Zhu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1023 South Shatai Rd, Baiyun District, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Road, 453003, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yan-Ping Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1023 South Shatai Rd, Baiyun District, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ding-Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1023 South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Dan Ma
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1023 South Shatai Rd, Baiyun District, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Yan Hu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1023 South Shatai Rd, Baiyun District, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1023 South Shatai Rd, Baiyun District, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuan-Sha Gu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1023 South Shatai Rd, Baiyun District, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Road, 453003, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yan Zhong
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1023 South Shatai Rd, Baiyun District, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Long
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1023 South Shatai Rd, Baiyun District, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - He-Ping Kan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1023 South Shatai Rd, Baiyun District, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zu-Guo Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1023 South Shatai Rd, Baiyun District, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1333 Xin-hu Road, Bao'an District, 518100, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. .,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, The Clinical Innovation & Research Center, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1333 Xin-hu Road, Bao'an District, 518100, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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Associations between HVEM/LIGHT/BTLA/CD160 polymorphisms and the occurrence of antibody-mediate rejection in renal transplant recipients. Oncotarget 2017; 8:100079-100094. [PMID: 29245962 PMCID: PMC5725004 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) is a serious complications that can occur following renal transplantation. The production of donor-specific antibodies by the humoral immune response can trigger costimulatory signals, which are crucial in activating immune cells, and therefore, playing a potential role in ABMR. To investigate the role of HVEM/LIGHT/BTLA/CD160 polymorphisms in ABMR, we retrospectively analyzed 200 renal transplant recipients. We adopted next-generation sequencing (NGS) to identify HVEM/LIGHT/BTLA/CD160 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genotypes of these patients. We divided the patients into two groups: those with ABMR and those who were stable. We adopted multiple models and performed regression analysis after adjusting for multiple confounding variables, to determine the correlation between the SNPs and ABMR. We obtained 41 high-quality SNPs readouts. However, we did not observe any significant association between these polymorphisms and the pathogenesis of ABMR in any of the models.Nevertheless, since there is evidence suggesting the involvement of costimulatory signals in graft rejection, further research should be conducted to better understand how genetic polymorphisms may be involved in ABMR.
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7
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Ward-Kavanagh LK, Lin WW, Šedý JR, Ware CF. The TNF Receptor Superfamily in Co-stimulating and Co-inhibitory Responses. Immunity 2017; 44:1005-19. [PMID: 27192566 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines related to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) provide a communication network essential for coordinating multiple cell types into an effective host defense system against pathogens and malignant cells. The pathways controlled by the TNF superfamily differentiate both innate and adaptive immune cells and modulate stromal cells into microenvironments conducive to host defenses. Members of the TNF receptor superfamily activate diverse cellular functions from the production of type 1 interferons to the modulation of survival of antigen-activated T cells. Here, we focus attention on the subset of TNF superfamily receptors encoded in the immune response locus in chromosomal region 1p36. Recent studies have revealed that these receptors use diverse mechanisms to either co-stimulate or restrict immune responses. Translation of the fundamental mechanisms of TNF superfamily is leading to the design of therapeutics that can alter pathogenic processes in several autoimmune diseases or promote immunity to tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay K Ward-Kavanagh
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Wai Wai Lin
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - John R Šedý
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Carl F Ware
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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8
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Sabokbar A, Mahoney DJ, Hemingway F, Athanasou NA. Non-Canonical (RANKL-Independent) Pathways of Osteoclast Differentiation and Their Role in Musculoskeletal Diseases. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2017; 51:16-26. [PMID: 26578261 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-015-8523-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells derived from mononuclear phagocyte precursors (monocytes, macrophages); in the canonical pathway of osteoclastogenesis, these cells fuse and differentiate to form specialised bone-resorbing osteoclasts in the presence of receptor activator for nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL). Non-canonical pathways of osteoclastogenesis have been described in which several cytokines and growth factors are able to substitute for RANKL. These humoral factors can generally be divided into those which, like RANKL, are tumour necrosis family (TNF) superfamily members and those which are not; the former include TNFα lymphotoxin exhibiting inducible expression and competing with herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D for herpesvirus entry mediator, a receptor expressed by T lymphocytes (LIGHT), a proliferation inducing ligand (APRIL) and B cell activating factor (BAFF); the latter include transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, IL-11, nerve growth factor (NGF), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-II. This review summarises the evidence for these RANKL substitutes in inducing osteoclast differentiation from tissue-derived and circulating mononuclear phagocytes. It also assesses the role these factors are likely to play in promoting the pathological bone resorption seen in many inflammatory and neoplastic lesions of bone and joint including rheumatoid arthritis, aseptic implant loosening and primary and secondary tumours of bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sabokbar
- The Botnar Research Centre, Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal and Clinical Laboratory Services, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - D J Mahoney
- The Botnar Research Centre, Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal and Clinical Laboratory Services, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - F Hemingway
- The Botnar Research Centre, Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal and Clinical Laboratory Services, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - N A Athanasou
- The Botnar Research Centre, Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal and Clinical Laboratory Services, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK.
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9
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Warren JT, Zou W, Decker CE, Rohatgi N, Nelson CA, Fremont DH, Teitelbaum SL. Correlating RANK ligand/RANK binding kinetics with osteoclast formation and function. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:2476-83. [PMID: 25864714 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between Receptor Activator of NF-κB Ligand (RANKL) and its receptor RANK is essential for the differentiation and bone resorbing capacity of the osteoclast. Osteoprotegerin (OPG), a soluble homodimer, acts as a decoy receptor for RANKL and thus inhibits osteoclastogenesis. An imbalance in the RANKL/RANK/OPG axis, with decreased OPG and/or increased RANKL, is associated with diseases that favor bone loss, including osteoporosis. Recently, we established a yeast surface display system and screened libraries of randomly mutated RANKL proteins to identify mutations that abolish binding to OPG while preserving recognition of RANK. These efforts yielded several RANKL variants possessing substantially higher affinity for RANK compared to their wild-type (WT) counterpart. Using recombinant RANKL mutant proteins, we find those with increased affinity for RANK produce more robust signaling in osteoclast lineage cells and have greater osteoclastogenic potential. Our results are the first to document gain of function RANKL mutations. They indicate that the physiological RANKL/RANK interaction is not optimized for maximal signaling and function, perhaps reflecting the need to maintain receptor specificity within the tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF). Instead, we find, a biphasic relationship exists between RANKL/RANK affinity and osteoclastogenic capacity. In our panel of RANKL variants, this relationship is driven entirely by manipulation of the kinetic off-rate. Our structure-based and yeast surface display-derived insights into manipulating this critical signaling axis may aid in the design of novel anti-resorptive therapies as well as provide a paradigm for design of other receptor-specific TNF superfamily ligand variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia T Warren
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Wei Zou
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Corinne E Decker
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Nidhi Rohatgi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Christopher A Nelson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Daved H Fremont
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Steven L Teitelbaum
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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10
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Seifeldin NS, El Sayed SB, Asaad MK, Aly AA. Role of the tumor necrosis factor family member LIGHT in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Int J Dermatol 2015; 54:e376-82. [PMID: 26043794 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND LIGHT (the name of which is derived from "homologous to lymphotoxins, exhibits inducible expression, competes with herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D for herpes simplex virus entry mediator, and expressed by T lymphocytes"), is a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily that is involved in various inflammatory diseases. OBJECTIVES To assess serum LIGHT levels in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) before and after treatment and compare it with controls. To correlate serum LIGHT with the severity scoring of AD (SCORAD) index. Another objective is to compare LIGHT levels between lesional skin in patients with AD and controls. METHODS Twenty patients with AD and 20 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Serum LIGHT levels were examined using an enzyme immunoassay technique. Serum total IgE levels, absolute eosinophil count, and eosinophil percentage were also done for both patients and controls. The SCORAD index was done for every patient before and after treatment. Skin LIGHT levels were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit and compared with control skin. RESULTS Serum LIGHT levels in patients with AD were significantly higher than that of healthy controls and correlated positively with SCORAD index. LIGHT concentrations decreased as the symptoms were improved by treatment. A significant correlation was found on comparing the LIGHT serum levels and other established markers of disease severity. LIGHT levels in lesional skin in these patients were markedly higher than LIGHT levels in normal skin. CONCLUSION LIGHT may play an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. This may presumably have possible future implications on the treatment of this chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neveen Salah Seifeldin
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shereen Bendary El Sayed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Kamal Asaad
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa Ahmed Aly
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Liu W, Zhan C, Cheng H, Kumar PR, Bonanno JB, Nathenson SG, Almo SC. Mechanistic basis for functional promiscuity in the TNF and TNF receptor superfamilies: structure of the LIGHT:DcR3 assembly. Structure 2014; 22:1252-1262. [PMID: 25087510 PMCID: PMC4163024 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
LIGHT initiates intracellular signaling via engagement of the two TNF receptors, HVEM and LTβR. In humans, LIGHT is neutralized by DcR3, a unique soluble member of the TNFR superfamily, which tightly binds LIGHT and inhibits its interactions with HVEM and LTβR. DcR3 also neutralizes two other TNF ligands, FasL and TL1A. Due to its ability to neutralize three distinct different ligands, DcR3 contributes to a wide range of biological and pathological processes, including cancer and autoimmune diseases. However, the mechanisms that support the broad specificity of DcR3 remain to be fully defined. We report the structures of LIGHT and the LIGHT:DcR3 complex, which reveal the structural basis for the DcR3-mediated neutralization of LIGHT and afford insights into DcR3 function and binding promiscuity. Based on these structures, we designed LIGHT mutants with altered affinities for DcR3 and HVEM, which may represent mechanistically informative probe reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Chenyang Zhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Huiyong Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - P Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Bonanno
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Stanley G Nathenson
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Steven C Almo
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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12
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Abstract
Inhibitors of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) are among the most successful protein-based drugs (biologics) and have proven to be clinically efficacious at reducing inflammation associated with several autoimmune diseases. As a result, attention is focusing on the therapeutic potential of additional members of the TNF superfamily of structurally related cytokines. Many of these TNF-related cytokines or their cognate receptors are now in preclinical or clinical development as possible targets for modulating inflammatory diseases and cancer as well as other indications. This Review focuses on the biologics that are currently in clinical trials for immune-related diseases and other syndromes, discusses the successes and failures to date as well as the expanding therapeutic potential of modulating the activity of this superfamily of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Croft
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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13
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Bjordahl RL, Steidl C, Gascoyne RD, Ware CF. Lymphotoxin network pathways shape the tumor microenvironment. Curr Opin Immunol 2013; 25:222-9. [PMID: 23339845 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that Lymphotoxin (LT)-β related cytokines directly contribute to the phenotype of cancer cells and alter the tumor microenvironment. Lymphotoxins are part of a cytokine network well known in controlling the development and homeostasis of secondary lymphoid organs. In the adult, the LT network takes on the responsibility of generating inflammatory microenvironments that control innate and adaptive immune responses involved in host defense. This review provides a perspective of the emerging evidence implicating the LT Network in the development and progression of various cancers including lymphoma. Redirecting the LT Network to alter tumor microenvironments may provide a specific approach to therapeutically target tumor-permissive microenvironments and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan L Bjordahl
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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14
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Ware CF. Protein therapeutics targeted at the TNF superfamily. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2013; 66:51-80. [PMID: 23433455 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-404717-4.00002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein-based drugs with their unequivocal specificity achieved the long sought milestone of selectively disrupting cytokine pathways to alleviate ongoing inflammation. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a member of the superfamily of cytokines involved in regulating immune and inflammatory processes, provides an exemplary model of protein therapeutics. Antibody and receptor-based inhibitors of TNF modify inflammation leading to dramatic improvement in patients with certain autoimmune diseases. Collectively, the structure, specificity and valence of these protein-based drugs provide direct evidence that the essential mechanism of action is antagonism of the ligand-receptor interaction. Accumulating clinical knowledge regarding TNF inhibitors also provide insights into the mechanisms involved in different autoimmune diseases. Experience in the development of an arsenal of biologics directed at TNF has additionally contributed to knowledge toward overcoming the challenges of protein drugs, which include production, delivery, antigenicity and pharmacodynamics. Dramatic clinical outcomes with TNF inhibitors are driving investigation and development of biologics toward other members of the TNF superfamily to selectively alter functional properties of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl F Ware
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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15
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Cheng CP, Sheu MJ, Sytwu HK, Chang DM. Decoy receptor 3 suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis via down-regulating NFATc1 and enhancing cell apoptosis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012; 52:609-22. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kes343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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16
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Steinberg M, Cheung TC, Ware CF. The signaling networks of the herpesvirus entry mediator (TNFRSF14) in immune regulation. Immunol Rev 2011; 244:169-87. [PMID: 22017438 PMCID: PMC3381650 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2011.01064.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily member herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) (TNFRSF14) regulates T-cell immune responses by activating both inflammatory and inhibitory signaling pathways. HVEM acts as both a receptor for the canonical TNF-related ligands, LIGHT [lymphotoxin-like, exhibits inducible expression, and competes with herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D for HVEM, a receptor expressed on T lymphocytes] and lymphotoxin-α, and as a ligand for the immunoglobulin superfamily proteins BTLA (B and T lymphocyte attenuator) and CD160, a feature distinguishing HVEM from other immune regulatory molecules. The ability of HVEM to interact with multiple ligands in distinct configurations creates a functionally diverse set of intrinsic and bidirectional signaling pathways that control both inflammatory and inhibitory responses. The HVEM system is integrated into the larger LTβR and TNFR network through extensive shared ligand and receptor usage. Experimental mouse models and human diseases indicate that dysregulation of HVEM network may contribute to autoimmune pathogenesis, making it an attractive target for drug intervention.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Autoimmunity
- GPI-Linked Proteins/genetics
- GPI-Linked Proteins/immunology
- GPI-Linked Proteins/metabolism
- Gene Expression/immunology
- Herpes Simplex/immunology
- Herpes Simplex/metabolism
- Herpes Simplex/virology
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphotoxin beta Receptor/genetics
- Lymphotoxin beta Receptor/immunology
- Lymphotoxin beta Receptor/metabolism
- Lymphotoxin-alpha/genetics
- Lymphotoxin-alpha/immunology
- Lymphotoxin-alpha/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Protein Binding/immunology
- Receptor Cross-Talk/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 14/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 14/immunology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 14/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 14/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 14/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 14/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
- Viral Envelope Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carl F. Ware
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Sanford|Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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17
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Cheng CP, Sytwu HK, Chang DM. Decoy receptor 3 attenuates collagen-induced arthritis by modulating T cell activation and B cell expansion. J Rheumatol 2011; 38:2522-35. [PMID: 21885501 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.110245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the immune-modulated effects of decoy receptor 3 (DCR3) in an experimental model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS We delivered DCR3 plasmid into collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice using the hydrodynamic method and evaluated the serum level of DCR3 protein by ELISA. After immunization, we assessed disease severity of arthritis incidence, arthritis scores, paw thickness, and means of arthritic limbs, and used hematoxylin and eosin staining to observe synovial hyperplasia. We analyzed numbers of murine splenocytes and inguinal lymphocyte cells, cell populations, and serum proinflammatory cytokines by flow cytometry. We investigated B cell proliferation by carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester assay. We evaluated serum levels of total IgG2a and type II collagen-specific IgG and IgG2a using ELISA. RESULTS DCR3 expression in sera significantly attenuated disease severity in CIA mice. We found that DCR3 inhibited the volume of inguinal lymph nodes, numbers of CD19+ B cells, and populations of interferon-γ, interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-17A, and Foxp3-producing CD4+ T cell in vivo. We found that DCR3 inhibited Pam3CSK4 (Toll-like receptor 1/2 ligand)-induced B220+ B cell proliferation in vitro. DCR3 treatment reduced the serum level of IL-6, total IgG2a, and CII-specific IgG2a antibody. CONCLUSION We postulated that the protective effects of DCR3 in CIA resulted from modulation of the immune system by maintaining the B/T cell balance and decreasing lymphocyte expansion. We suggest DCR3 as a prophylactic and potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Pi Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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