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Allard DE, Wang Y, Li JJ, Conley B, Xu EW, Sailer D, Kimpston C, Notini R, Smith CJ, Koseoglu E, Starmer J, Zeng XL, Howard JF, Hoke A, Scherer SS, Su MA. Schwann cell-derived periostin promotes autoimmune peripheral polyneuropathy via macrophage recruitment. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:4727-4741. [PMID: 30222134 DOI: 10.1172/jci99308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) and Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) are inflammatory neuropathies that affect humans and are characterized by peripheral nerve myelin destruction and macrophage-containing immune infiltrates. In contrast to the traditional view that the peripheral nerve is simply the target of autoimmunity, we report here that peripheral nerve Schwann cells exacerbate the autoimmune process through extracellular matrix (ECM) protein induction. In a spontaneous autoimmune peripheral polyneuropathy (SAPP) mouse model of inflammatory neuropathy and CIDP nerve biopsies, the ECM protein periostin (POSTN) was upregulated in affected sciatic nerves and was primarily expressed by Schwann cells. Postn deficiency delayed the onset and reduced the extent of neuropathy, as well as decreased the number of macrophages infiltrating the sciatic nerve. In an in vitro assay, POSTN promoted macrophage chemotaxis in an integrin-AM (ITGAM) and ITGAV-dependent manner. The PNS-infiltrating macrophages in SAPP-affected nerves were pathogenic, since depletion of macrophages protected against the development of neuropathy. Our findings show that Schwann cells promote macrophage infiltration by upregulating Postn and suggest that POSTN is a novel target for the treatment of macrophage-associated inflammatory neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jian Joel Li
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bridget Conley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Erin W Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David Sailer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Caellaigh Kimpston
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rebecca Notini
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Emel Koseoglu
- Neurology Department, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Joshua Starmer
- Department of Genetics and 7Department of Neurology, UNC-CH, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xiaopei L Zeng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - James F Howard
- Department of Neurology, UNC-CH, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ahmet Hoke
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven S Scherer
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Maureen A Su
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and.,Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Abstract
Sphingosine kinases (SK1 and SK2) are key, druggable targets within the sphingolipid metabolism pathway that promote tumor growth and pathologic inflammation. A variety of isozyme-selective and dual inhibitors of SK1 and SK2 have been described in the literature, and at least one compound has reached clinical testing in cancer patients. In this chapter, we will review the rationale for targeting SKs and summarize the preclinical and emerging clinical data for ABC294640 as the first-in-class selective inhibitor of SK2.
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3
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Rincón E, Cejalvo T, Kanojia D, Alfranca A, Rodríguez-Milla MÁ, Gil Hoyos RA, Han Y, Zhang L, Alemany R, Lesniak MS, García-Castro J. Mesenchymal stem cell carriers enhance antitumor efficacy of oncolytic adenoviruses in an immunocompetent mouse model. Oncotarget 2018; 8:45415-45431. [PMID: 28525366 PMCID: PMC5542197 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy represents a promising alternative for cancer treatment; however, viral delivery to the tumor represents a major challenge. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) chemotax to tumors, and can serve as a viral delivery tool. Previously, we demonstrated antitumor therapeutic efficacy for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) infected with the oncolytic human adenovirus ICOVIR5 (Celyvir) for treatment of neuroblastoma patients. Given the lack of suitable immunocompetent preclinical models, the mechanism underlying Celyvir antitumor activity remains unknown. In this study, we used the syngeneic murine CMT64 cell line as a human adenovirus-semi-permissive tumor model and demonstrate the homing capacity of mouse Celyvir (mCelyvir) to CMT64 tumors. We found that the combined treatment of mCelyvir and intratumoral injections (i.t.) of ICOVIR5 was more effective than treatment with i.t. ICOVIR5 alone. Interestingly, the superior therapeutic effect of the combined therapy was associated with a higher tumor infiltration of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. Our findings suggest that the use of MSCs as carriers of oncolytic adenovirus can improve the clinical efficacy of anti-cancer virotherapy, not only by driving the adenovirus to tumors, but also through their potential to recruit T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Rincón
- Unidad de Biotecnología Celular, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Teresa Cejalvo
- Unidad de Biotecnología Celular, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Deepak Kanojia
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Arantzazu Alfranca
- Unidad de Biotecnología Celular, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Yu Han
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lingjiao Zhang
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ramón Alemany
- Institut Català d´Oncologia, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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4
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Smith CJ, Allard DE, Wang Y, Howard JF, Montgomery SA, Su MA. IL-10 Paradoxically Promotes Autoimmune Neuropathy through S1PR1-Dependent CD4 + T Cell Migration. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 200:1580-1592. [PMID: 29367208 PMCID: PMC5821539 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is a debilitating condition caused by autoimmune demyelination of peripheral nerves. CIDP is associated with increased IL-10, a cytokine with well-described anti-inflammatory effects. However, the role of IL-10 in CIDP is unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that IL-10 paradoxically exacerbates autoimmunity against peripheral nerves. In IL-10-deficient mice, protection from neuropathy was associated with an accrual of highly activated CD4+ T cells in draining lymph nodes and absence of infiltrating immune cells in peripheral nerves. Accumulated CD4+ T cells in draining lymph nodes of IL-10-deficient mice expressed lower sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1pr1), a protein important in lymphocyte egress. Additionally, IL-10 stimulation in vitro induced S1pr1 expression in lymph node cells in a STAT3-dependent manner. Together, these results delineate a novel mechanism in which IL-10-induced STAT3 increases S1pr1 expression and CD4+ T cell migration to accelerate T cell-mediated destruction of peripheral nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin-Jamal Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Denise E Allard
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - James F Howard
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Stephanie A Montgomery
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; and
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Maureen A Su
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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5
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The novel sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors antagonist AD2900 affects lymphocyte activation and inhibits T-cell entry into the lymph nodes. Oncotarget 2017; 8:53563-53580. [PMID: 28881832 PMCID: PMC5581131 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipid derivatives play key roles in immune cell migration and function. Synthetic sphingolipid analogues are used as therapeutics to intervene various inflammatory and malignant conditions. We hypothesize that different analogs have different effects on immune cells and therefore can be used as treatment for specific diseases. This study examines the properties of the novel synthetic sphingolipid analog, AD2900, and its effects on immune cell activation and lymphocyte localization in homeostasis. AD2900 is an antagonist for all sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors. It demonstrates a significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which is dependent on cAMP reduction and calcium signal transduction but not on phospholipase C activation. AD2900 causes a significant but reversible downregulation of S1P1 expression on the cell surface. AD2900 administration to C57BL/6J mice leads to the accumulation of T cells in the blood and spleen and in turn reduces T-cell number in the lymph nodes. Moreover, AD2900 treatment shows significant effects on the localization of T-cell subpopulations. These results demonstrate the key roles of S1P in T-cell trafficking in a steady state and suggest a potential clinical application for AD2900. Notably, this sphingolipid analog does not cause a severe lymphopenia. The clinical effect of AD2900 in hemato-oncologic diseases and immune-related diseases needs further investigation.
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Dong T, Zhi L, Bhayana B, Wu MX. Cortisol-induced immune suppression by a blockade of lymphocyte egress in traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:197. [PMID: 27561600 PMCID: PMC5000452 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0663-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents one of major causes of mortality and disability in the USA. Neuroinflammation has been regarded both beneficial and detrimental, probably in a time-dependent fashion. Methods To address a role for neuroinflammation in brain injury, C57BL/6 mice were subjected to a closed head mild TBI (mTBI) by a standard controlled cortical impact, along with or without treatment of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) or rolipram, after which the brain tissue of the impact site was evaluated for cell morphology via histology, inflammation by qRT-PCR and T cell staining, and cell death with Caspase-3 and TUNEL staining. Circulating lymphocytes were quantified by flow cytometry, and plasma hydrocortisone was analyzed by LC-MS/MS. To investigate the mechanism whereby cortisol lowered the number of peripheral T cells, T cell egress was tracked in lymph nodes by intravital confocal microscopy after hydrocortisone administration. Results We detected a decreased number of circulating lymphocytes, in particular, T cells soon after mTBI, which was inversely correlated with a transient and robust increase of plasma cortisol. The transient lymphocytopenia might be caused by cortisol in part via a blockade of lymphocyte egress as demonstrated by the ability of cortisol to inhibit T cell egress from the secondary lymphoid tissues. Moreover, exogenous hydrocortisone severely suppressed periphery lymphocytes in uninjured mice, whereas administering an egress-promoting agent S1P normalized circulating T cells in mTBI mice and increased T cells in the injured brain. Likewise, rolipram, a cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor, was also able to elevate cAMP levels in T cells in the presence of hydrocortisone in vitro and abrogate the action of cortisol in mTBI mice. The investigation demonstrated that the number of circulating T cells in the early phase of TBI was positively correlated with T cell infiltration and inflammatory responses as well as cell death at the cerebral cortex and hippocampus beneath the impact site. Conclusions Decreases in intracellular cAMP might be part of the mechanism behind cortisol-mediated blockade of T cell egress. The study argues strongly for a protective role of cortisol-induced immune suppression in the early stage of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Dong
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Liang Zhi
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Brijesh Bhayana
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Mei X Wu
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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7
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Habenicht LM, Albershardt TC, Iritani BM, Ruddell A. Distinct mechanisms of B and T lymphocyte accumulation generate tumor-draining lymph node hypertrophy. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1204505. [PMID: 27622075 PMCID: PMC5007965 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1204505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) often enlarge in human cancer patients and in murine tumor models, due to lymphocyte accumulation and lymphatic sinus growth. B lymphocytes within TDLNs can drive lymph node hypertrophy in response to tumor growth, however little is known about the mechanisms directing the preferential accumulation of B lymphocytes relative to T cells in enlarging TDLNs. To define why B and T lymphocytes accumulate in TDLNs, we quantified lymphocyte proliferation, apoptosis, entry, and exit in TDLNs versus contralateral non-TDLNs (NTDLNs) in a footpad B16-F10 melanoma mouse model. B and T lymphocyte proliferation and apoptosis were increased as the TDLNs enlarged, although relative rates were similar to those of NTDLNs. TDLN entry of B and T lymphocytes via high endothelial venules was also modestly increased in enlarged TDLNs. Strikingly, the egress of B cells was strongly reduced in TDLNs versus NTDLNs, while T cell egress was modestly decreased, indicating that regulation of lymphocyte exit from TDLNs is a major mechanism of preferential B lymphocyte accumulation. Surface sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) which binds S1P and signals lymphocyte egress, exhibited greater downregulation in B relative to T lymphocytes, consistent with preferential retention of B lymphocytes in TDLNs. TDLN lymphocytes did not activate surface CD69 expression, indicating a CD69-independent mechanism of downregulation of S1PR1. B and T cell trafficking via afferent lymphatics to enter TDLNs also increased, suggesting a pathway for accumulation of tumor-educated lymphocytes in TDLNs. These mechanisms regulating TDLN hypertrophy could provide new targets to manipulate lymphocyte responses to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Habenicht
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Brian M Iritani
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alanna Ruddell
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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8
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Ader I, Gstalder C, Bouquerel P, Golzio M, Andrieu G, Zalvidea S, Richard S, Sabbadini RA, Malavaud B, Cuvillier O. Neutralizing S1P inhibits intratumoral hypoxia, induces vascular remodelling and sensitizes to chemotherapy in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:13803-21. [PMID: 25915662 PMCID: PMC4537051 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia promotes neovascularization, increased tumor growth, and therapeutic resistance. The transcription factor, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), has been reported as the master driver of adaptation to hypoxia. We previously identified the sphingosine kinase 1/sphingosine 1-phosphate (SphK1/S1P) pathway as a new modulator of HIF-1α under hypoxia. Taking advantage of a monoclonal antibody neutralizing extracellular S1P (sphingomab), we report that inhibition of S1P extracellular signaling blocks HIF-1α accumulation and activity in several cancer cell models exposed to hypoxia. In an orthotopic xenograft model of prostate cancer, we show that sphingomab reduces hypoxia and modifies vessel architecture within 5 days of treatment, leading to increased intratumoral blood perfusion. Supporting the notion that a transient vascular normalization of tumor vessels is the mechanism by which sphingomab exerts its effects, we demonstrate that administration of the antibody for 5 days before chemotherapy is more effective at local tumor control and metastatic dissemination than any other treatment scheduling. These findings validate sphingomab as a potential new normalization agent that could contribute to successful sensitization of hypoxic tumors to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Ader
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Toulouse, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Cécile Gstalder
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Toulouse, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Bouquerel
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Toulouse, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Muriel Golzio
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Toulouse, France
| | - Guillaume Andrieu
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Toulouse, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Santiago Zalvidea
- INSERM U1046, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Richard
- INSERM U1046, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Bernard Malavaud
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Toulouse, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France.,Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Urologie et de Transplantation Rénale, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Cuvillier
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Toulouse, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
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9
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The sphingosine-1-phosphate/sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 axis regulates early airway T-cell infiltration in murine mast cell-dependent acute allergic responses. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 135:1008-1018.e1. [PMID: 25512083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid produced by mast cells (MCs) on cross-linking of their high-affinity receptors for IgE by antigen that can amplify MC responses by binding to its S1P receptors. An acute MC-dependent allergic reaction can lead to systemic shock, but the early events of its development in lung tissues have not been investigated, and S1P functions in the onset of allergic processes remain to be examined. OBJECTIVE We used a highly specific neutralizing anti-S1P antibody (mAb) and the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) antagonist JTE-013 to study the signaling contributions of S1P and S1PR2 to MC- and IgE-dependent airway allergic responses in mice within minutes after antigen challenge. METHODS Allergic reaction was triggered by a single intraperitoneal dose of antigen in sensitized mice pretreated intraperitoneally with anti-S1P, isotype control mAb, JTE-013, or vehicle before antigen challenge. RESULTS Kinetics experiments revealed early pulmonary infiltration of mostly T cells around blood vessels of sensitized mice 20 minutes after antigen exposure. Pretreatment with anti-S1P mAb inhibited in vitro MC activation, as well as in vivo development of airway infiltration and MC activation, reducing serum levels of histamine, cytokines, and the chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein 1/CCL2, macrophage inflammatory protein 1α/CCL3, and RANTES/CCL5. S1PR2 antagonism or deficiency or MC deficiency recapitulated these results. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated MC S1PR2 dependency for chemokine release and the necessity for signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation. CONCLUSION Activation of S1PR2 by S1P and downstream signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling in MCs regulate early T-cell recruitment to antigen-challenged lungs through chemokine production.
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10
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Ogle ME, Sefcik LS, Awojoodu AO, Chiappa NF, Lynch K, Peirce-Cottler S, Botchwey EA. Engineering in vivo gradients of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor ligands for localized microvascular remodeling and inflammatory cell positioning. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:4704-4714. [PMID: 25128750 PMCID: PMC4529737 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterial-mediated controlled release of soluble signaling molecules is a tissue engineering approach to spatially control processes of inflammation, microvascular remodeling and host cell recruitment, and to generate biochemical gradients in vivo. Lipid mediators, such as sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), are recognized for their essential roles in spatial guidance, signaling and highly regulated endogenous gradients. S1P and pharmacological analogs such as FTY720 are therapeutically attractive targets for their critical roles in the trafficking of cells between blood and tissue spaces, both physiologically and pathophysiologically. However, the interaction of locally delivered sphingolipids with the complex metabolic networks controlling the flux of lipid species in inflamed tissue has yet to be elucidated. In this study, complementary in vitro and in vivo approaches are investigated to identify relationships between polymer composition, drug release kinetics, S1P metabolic activity, signaling gradients and spatial positioning of circulating cells around poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) biomaterials. Results demonstrate that biomaterial-based gradients of S1P are short-lived in the tissue due to degradation by S1P lyase, an enzyme that irreversibly degrades intracellular S1P. On the other hand, in vivo gradients of the more stable compound, FTY720, enhance microvascular remodeling by selectively recruiting an anti-inflammatory subset of monocytes (S1P3(high)) to the biomaterial. Results highlight the need to better understand the endogenous balance of lipid import/export machinery and lipid kinase/phosphatase activity in order to design biomaterial products that spatially control the innate immune environment to maximize regenerative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly E. Ogle
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Lauren S. Sefcik
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Lafayette College, 740 High Street, Easton, PA 18042
| | - Anthony O. Awojoodu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Nathan F. Chiappa
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Kevin Lynch
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903
| | - Shayn Peirce-Cottler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903
| | - Edward A. Botchwey
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903
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11
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Chemical and genetic tools to explore S1P biology. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2014; 378:55-83. [PMID: 24728593 PMCID: PMC7120161 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-05879-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The zwitterionic lysophospholipid Sphingosine 1-Phosphate (S1P) is a pleiotropic mediator of physiology and pathology. The synthesis, transport, and degradation of S1P are tightly regulated to ensure that S1P is present in the proper concentrations in the proper location. The binding of S1P to five G protein-coupled S1P receptors regulates many physiological systems, particularly the immune and vascular systems. Our understanding of the functions of S1P has been aided by the tractability of the system to both chemical and genetic manipulation. Chemical modulators have been generated to affect most of the known components of S1P biology, including agonists of S1P receptors and inhibitors of enzymes regulating S1P production and degradation. Genetic knockouts and manipulations have been similarly engineered to disrupt the functions of individual S1P receptors or enzymes involved in S1P metabolism. This chapter will focus on the development and utilization of these chemical and genetic tools to explore the complex biology surrounding S1P and its receptors, with particular attention paid to the in vivo findings that these tools have allowed for.
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12
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Chen JJ, Lin DJQ, Liu MSY, Chien EJ. Non-genomic rapid responses via progesterone in human peripheral T cells are not indirectly mimicked by sphingosine 1-phosphate. Steroids 2014; 81:9-12. [PMID: 24269742 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone is an endogenous immunomodulator that suppresses T cell activation during pregnancy. Progesterone has been shown to induce rapid responses that cause intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)]i) elevation and acidification followed by inhibition of phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated proliferation. These rapid responses involve T cell plasma membrane sites, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Three new membrane progesterone receptors (mPRα/mPRβ/mPRγ) have been identified as expressed in T cells. These proteins have been identified as G-protein-coupled receptors. Recently, mPRs have been classified as progestin and adipoQ receptors (PAQRs). Furthermore, they have been suggested to be alkaline ceramidases, possibly involved in mediating sphingolipid signaling. Alkaline ceramidases are capable of converting ceramide to sphingosine, which might then be further phosphorylated sphingosine via sphingosine kinase to sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). This pathway could result in progesterone acting indirectly via S1P on membrane sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors (S1PRs) in T cells to induce rapid responses. Therefore, our aim was to investigate whether progesterone rapid responses occur indirectly in T cells via S1P. We found that S1P induces [Ca(2+)]i elevation however there was no change in intracellular pH. This is different from the situation with progesterone: S1P alone does not suppress PHA-stimulated cell proliferation and does not act synergistically with progesterone on the inhibition of PHA-induced cell proliferation. In contrast, S1P at 1μM is able to antagonize the proliferation inhibitory effect of progesterone. Thus the rapid responses that are induced by progesterone in human peripheral T cells probably do not involve indirect signaling via S1P and S1PRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiann-Jong Chen
- Department of Nursing, Cardinal Tien Junior College of Healthcare and Management, Sindian District, New Taipei City 23143, Taiwan, ROC
| | - David Jia-Qing Lin
- Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mark Shui-Yu Liu
- Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Eileen Jea Chien
- Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan, ROC.
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Bolli MH, Müller C, Mathys B, Abele S, Birker M, Bravo R, Bur D, Hess P, Kohl C, Lehmann D, Nayler O, Rey M, Meyer S, Scherz M, Schmidt G, Steiner B, Treiber A, Velker J, Weller T. Novel S1P1 Receptor Agonists – Part 1: From Pyrazoles to Thiophenes. J Med Chem 2013; 56:9737-55. [DOI: 10.1021/jm4014373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin H. Bolli
- Drug Discovery Chemistry, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse 16, Allschwil CH-4123, Switzerland
| | - Claus Müller
- Drug Discovery Chemistry, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse 16, Allschwil CH-4123, Switzerland
| | - Boris Mathys
- Drug Discovery Chemistry, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse 16, Allschwil CH-4123, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Abele
- Drug Discovery Chemistry, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse 16, Allschwil CH-4123, Switzerland
| | - Magdalena Birker
- Drug Discovery Chemistry, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse 16, Allschwil CH-4123, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Bravo
- Drug Discovery Chemistry, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse 16, Allschwil CH-4123, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Bur
- Drug Discovery Chemistry, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse 16, Allschwil CH-4123, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Hess
- Drug Discovery Chemistry, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse 16, Allschwil CH-4123, Switzerland
| | - Christopher Kohl
- Drug Discovery Chemistry, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse 16, Allschwil CH-4123, Switzerland
| | - David Lehmann
- Drug Discovery Chemistry, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse 16, Allschwil CH-4123, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Nayler
- Drug Discovery Chemistry, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse 16, Allschwil CH-4123, Switzerland
| | - Markus Rey
- Drug Discovery Chemistry, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse 16, Allschwil CH-4123, Switzerland
| | - Solange Meyer
- Drug Discovery Chemistry, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse 16, Allschwil CH-4123, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scherz
- Drug Discovery Chemistry, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse 16, Allschwil CH-4123, Switzerland
| | - Gunther Schmidt
- Drug Discovery Chemistry, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse 16, Allschwil CH-4123, Switzerland
| | - Beat Steiner
- Drug Discovery Chemistry, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse 16, Allschwil CH-4123, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Treiber
- Drug Discovery Chemistry, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse 16, Allschwil CH-4123, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Velker
- Drug Discovery Chemistry, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse 16, Allschwil CH-4123, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Weller
- Drug Discovery Chemistry, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse 16, Allschwil CH-4123, Switzerland
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14
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Abstract
The determinants of HIV-1-associated lymphadenopathy are poorly understood. We hypothesized that lymphocytes could be sequestered in the HIV-1+ lymph node (LN) through impairments in sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) responsiveness. To test this hypothesis, we developed novel assays for S1P-induced Akt phosphorylation and actin polymerization. In the HIV-1+ LN, naïve CD4 T cells and central memory CD4 and CD8 T cells had impaired Akt phosphorylation in response to S1P, whereas actin polymerization responses to S1P were impaired dramatically in all LN maturation subsets. These defects were improved with antiretroviral therapy. LN T cells expressing CD69 were unable to respond to S1P in either assay, yet impaired S1P responses were also seen in HIV-1+ LN T cells lacking CD69 expression. Microbial elements, HIV-1, and interferon α - putative drivers of HIV-1 associated immune activation all tended to increase CD69 expression and reduce T-cell responses to S1P in vitro. Impairment in T-cell egress from lymph nodes through decreased S1P responsiveness may contribute to HIV-1-associated LN enlargement and to immune dysregulation in a key organ of immune homeostasis.
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15
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Chen G, Severo MS, Sakhon OS, Choy A, Herron MJ, Felsheim RF, Wiryawan H, Liao J, Johns JL, Munderloh UG, Sutterwala FS, Kotsyfakis M, Pedra JHF. Anaplasma phagocytophilum dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase 1 affects host-derived immunopathology during microbial colonization. Infect Immun 2012; 80:3194-205. [PMID: 22753375 PMCID: PMC3418742 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00532-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a tick-borne rickettsial pathogen that provokes an acute inflammatory response during mammalian infection. The illness caused by A. phagocytophilum, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, occurs irrespective of pathogen load and results instead from host-derived immunopathology. Thus, characterizing A. phagocytophilum genes that affect the inflammatory process is critical for understanding disease etiology. By using an A. phagocytophilum Himar1 transposon mutant library, we showed that a single transposon insertion into the A. phagocytophilum dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase 1 gene (lpda1 [APH_0065]) affects inflammation during infection. A. phagocytophilum lacking lpda1 revealed enlargement of the spleen, increased splenic extramedullary hematopoiesis, and altered clinicopathological abnormalities during mammalian colonization. Furthermore, LPDA1-derived immunopathology was independent of neutrophil infection and correlated with enhanced reactive oxygen species from NADPH oxidase and nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling in macrophages. Taken together, these findings suggest the presence of different signaling pathways in neutrophils and macrophages during A. phagocytophilum invasion and highlight the importance of LPDA1 as an immunopathological molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Department of Entomology and Center for Disease Vector Research, University of California—Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Maiara S. Severo
- Department of Entomology and Center for Disease Vector Research, University of California—Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Olivia S. Sakhon
- Department of Entomology and Center for Disease Vector Research, University of California—Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Anthony Choy
- Department of Entomology and Center for Disease Vector Research, University of California—Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Michael J. Herron
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Hilda Wiryawan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California—Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Jiayu Liao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California—Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Johns
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - Fayyaz S. Sutterwala
- Inflammation Program and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Michail Kotsyfakis
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Joao H. F. Pedra
- Department of Entomology and Center for Disease Vector Research, University of California—Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
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16
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Sarkisyan G, Cahalan SM, Gonzalez-Cabrera PJ, Leaf NB, Rosen H. Real-time differential labeling of blood, interstitium, and lymphatic and single-field analysis of vasculature dynamics in vivo. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2012; 302:C1460-8. [PMID: 22357735 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00382.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lymph nodes are highly organized structures specialized for efficient regulation of adaptive immunity. The blood and lymphatic systems within a lymph node play essential roles by providing functionally distinct environments for lymphocyte entry and egress, respectively. Direct imaging and measurement of vascular microenvironments by intravital multiphoton microscopy provide anatomical and mechanistic insights into the essential events of lymphocyte trafficking. Lymphocytes, blood endothelial cells, and lymphatic endothelial cells express sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1, a key G protein-coupled receptor regulating cellular egress and a modulator of endothelial permeability. Here we report the development of a differential vascular labeling (DVL) technique in which a single intravenous injection of a fluorescent dextran, in combination with fluorescent semiconductor quantum dot particles, differentially labels multiple blood and lymphatic compartments in a manner dependent on the size of the fluorescent particle used. Thus DVL allows measurement of endothelial integrity in multiple vascular compartments and the affects or pharmacological manipulation in vascular integrity. In addition, this technique allows for real-time observation of lymphocyte trafficking across physiological barriers differentiated by DVL. Last, single-field fluid movement dynamics can be derived, allowing for the simultaneous determination of fluid flow rates in diverse blood and lymphatic compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gor Sarkisyan
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd. (MEM-L55), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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17
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Immune regulation by sphingosine 1-phosphate and its receptors. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2011; 60:3-12. [PMID: 22159476 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-011-0159-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that the lysophospholipid and signalling molecule sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) has many important functions in immune surveillance. S1P is produced from sphingosine by two distinct sphingosine kinases, SphK1 and SphK2, and acts as an intracellular messenger and as an extracellular ligand of five G protein-coupled cell surface receptors designated S1P(1)-S1P(5). S1P not only regulates peripheral lymphocyte circulation, but also influences their differentiation, activation, infiltration, and local positioning. The therapeutic value of modulating S1P metabolism and S1P receptor function is currently tested in clinical trials and holds great promise for treatment of different autoimmune diseases. Despite its obvious contribution to immune regulation, the analysis of S1P is still challenging. A major obstacle is the difficulty to analyze S1P locally in tissues and within cells due to its high metabolic turnover and the limited resolution of current analytical techniques like liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. This review focuses on recent advancements to our understanding how different sources of S1P contribute to immune function, and how changes in production, secretion, and degradation of S1P can influence immune responses.
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