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Firouzi F, Echeagaray O, Esquer C, Gude NA, Sussman MA. 'Youthful' phenotype of c-Kit + cardiac fibroblasts. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:424. [PMID: 35841449 PMCID: PMC10544823 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04449-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblast (CF) population heterogeneity and plasticity present a challenge for categorization of biological and functional properties. Distinct molecular markers and associated signaling pathways provide valuable insight for CF biology and interventional strategies to influence injury response and aging-associated remodeling. Receptor tyrosine kinase c-Kit mediates cell survival, proliferation, migration, and is activated by pathological injury. However, the biological significance of c-Kit within CF population has not been addressed. An inducible reporter mouse detects c-Kit promoter activation with Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (EGFP) expression in cardiac cells. Coincidence of EGFP and c-Kit with the DDR2 fibroblast marker was confirmed using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Subsequently, CFs expressing DDR2 with or without c-Kit was isolated and characterized. A subset of DDR2+ CFs also express c-Kit with coincidence in ~ 8% of total cardiac interstitial cells (CICs). Aging is associated with decreased number of c-Kit expressing DDR2+ CFs, whereas pathological injury induces c-Kit and DDR2 as well as the frequency of coincident expression in CICs. scRNA-Seq profiling reveals the transcriptome of c-Kit expressing CFs as cells with transitional phenotype. Cultured cardiac DDR2+ fibroblasts that are c-Kit+ exhibit morphological and functional characteristics consistent with youthful phenotypes compared to c-Kit- cells. Mechanistically, c-Kit expression correlates with signaling implicated in proliferation and cell migration, including phospho-ERK and pro-caspase 3. The phenotype of c-kit+ on DDR2+ CFs correlates with multiple characteristics of 'youthful' cells. To our knowledge, this represents the first evaluation of c-Kit biology within DDR2+ CF population and provides a fundamental basis for future studies to influence myocardial biology, response to pathological injury and physiological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fareheh Firouzi
- SDSU Integrated Regenerative Research Institute and Biology Department, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Oscar Echeagaray
- SDSU Integrated Regenerative Research Institute and Biology Department, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Carolina Esquer
- SDSU Integrated Regenerative Research Institute and Biology Department, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Natalie A Gude
- SDSU Integrated Regenerative Research Institute and Biology Department, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Mark A Sussman
- SDSU Integrated Regenerative Research Institute and Biology Department, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA.
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Lin SL, Su YT, Feng SW, Chang WJ, Fan KH, Huang HM. Enhancement of natural killer cell cytotoxicity by using static magnetic field to increase their viability. Electromagn Biol Med 2019; 38:131-142. [DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2019.1591439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Li Lin
- Dental Department, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tsai Su
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wei Feng
- School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jen Chang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kan-Hsin Fan
- Dental Department, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Haw-Ming Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Gude NA, Firouzi F, Broughton KM, Ilves K, Nguyen KP, Payne CR, Sacchi V, Monsanto MM, Casillas AR, Khalafalla FG, Wang BJ, Ebeid DE, Alvarez R, Dembitsky WP, Bailey BA, van Berlo J, Sussman MA. Cardiac c-Kit Biology Revealed by Inducible Transgenesis. Circ Res 2018; 123:57-72. [PMID: 29636378 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.311828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Biological significance of c-Kit as a cardiac stem cell marker and role(s) of c-Kit+ cells in myocardial development or response to pathological injury remain unresolved because of varied and discrepant findings. Alternative experimental models are required to contextualize and reconcile discordant published observations of cardiac c-Kit myocardial biology and provide meaningful insights regarding clinical relevance of c-Kit signaling for translational cell therapy. OBJECTIVE The main objectives of this study are as follows: demonstrating c-Kit myocardial biology through combined studies of both human and murine cardiac cells; advancing understanding of c-Kit myocardial biology through creation and characterization of a novel, inducible transgenic c-Kit reporter mouse model that overcomes limitations inherent to knock-in reporter models; and providing perspective to reconcile disparate viewpoints on c-Kit biology in the myocardium. METHODS AND RESULTS In vitro studies confirm a critical role for c-Kit signaling in both cardiomyocytes and cardiac stem cells. Activation of c-Kit receptor promotes cell survival and proliferation in stem cells and cardiomyocytes of either human or murine origin. For creation of the mouse model, the cloned mouse c-Kit promoter drives Histone2B-EGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein; H2BEGFP) expression in a doxycycline-inducible transgenic reporter line. The combination of c-Kit transgenesis coupled to H2BEGFP readout provides sensitive, specific, inducible, and persistent tracking of c-Kit promoter activation. Tagging efficiency for EGFP+/c-Kit+ cells is similar between our transgenic versus a c-Kit knock-in mouse line, but frequency of c-Kit+ cells in cardiac tissue from the knock-in model is 55% lower than that from our transgenic line. The c-Kit transgenic reporter model reveals intimate association of c-Kit expression with adult myocardial biology. Both cardiac stem cells and a subpopulation of cardiomyocytes express c-Kit in uninjured adult heart, upregulating c-Kit expression in response to pathological stress. CONCLUSIONS c-Kit myocardial biology is more complex and varied than previously appreciated or documented, demonstrating validity in multiple points of coexisting yet heretofore seemingly irreconcilable published findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Gude
- From the SDSU Heart Institute, Department of Biology (N.A.G., F.F., K.M.B., K.I., K.P.N., C.R.P., V.S., M.M.M., A.R.C., F.G.K., B.J.W., D.E.E., R.A., M.A.S.)
| | - Fareheh Firouzi
- From the SDSU Heart Institute, Department of Biology (N.A.G., F.F., K.M.B., K.I., K.P.N., C.R.P., V.S., M.M.M., A.R.C., F.G.K., B.J.W., D.E.E., R.A., M.A.S.)
| | - Kathleen M Broughton
- From the SDSU Heart Institute, Department of Biology (N.A.G., F.F., K.M.B., K.I., K.P.N., C.R.P., V.S., M.M.M., A.R.C., F.G.K., B.J.W., D.E.E., R.A., M.A.S.)
| | - Kelli Ilves
- From the SDSU Heart Institute, Department of Biology (N.A.G., F.F., K.M.B., K.I., K.P.N., C.R.P., V.S., M.M.M., A.R.C., F.G.K., B.J.W., D.E.E., R.A., M.A.S.)
| | - Kristine P Nguyen
- From the SDSU Heart Institute, Department of Biology (N.A.G., F.F., K.M.B., K.I., K.P.N., C.R.P., V.S., M.M.M., A.R.C., F.G.K., B.J.W., D.E.E., R.A., M.A.S.)
| | - Christina R Payne
- From the SDSU Heart Institute, Department of Biology (N.A.G., F.F., K.M.B., K.I., K.P.N., C.R.P., V.S., M.M.M., A.R.C., F.G.K., B.J.W., D.E.E., R.A., M.A.S.)
| | - Veronica Sacchi
- From the SDSU Heart Institute, Department of Biology (N.A.G., F.F., K.M.B., K.I., K.P.N., C.R.P., V.S., M.M.M., A.R.C., F.G.K., B.J.W., D.E.E., R.A., M.A.S.)
| | - Megan M Monsanto
- From the SDSU Heart Institute, Department of Biology (N.A.G., F.F., K.M.B., K.I., K.P.N., C.R.P., V.S., M.M.M., A.R.C., F.G.K., B.J.W., D.E.E., R.A., M.A.S.)
| | - Alexandria R Casillas
- From the SDSU Heart Institute, Department of Biology (N.A.G., F.F., K.M.B., K.I., K.P.N., C.R.P., V.S., M.M.M., A.R.C., F.G.K., B.J.W., D.E.E., R.A., M.A.S.)
| | - Farid G Khalafalla
- From the SDSU Heart Institute, Department of Biology (N.A.G., F.F., K.M.B., K.I., K.P.N., C.R.P., V.S., M.M.M., A.R.C., F.G.K., B.J.W., D.E.E., R.A., M.A.S.)
| | - Bingyan J Wang
- From the SDSU Heart Institute, Department of Biology (N.A.G., F.F., K.M.B., K.I., K.P.N., C.R.P., V.S., M.M.M., A.R.C., F.G.K., B.J.W., D.E.E., R.A., M.A.S.)
| | - David E Ebeid
- From the SDSU Heart Institute, Department of Biology (N.A.G., F.F., K.M.B., K.I., K.P.N., C.R.P., V.S., M.M.M., A.R.C., F.G.K., B.J.W., D.E.E., R.A., M.A.S.)
| | - Roberto Alvarez
- From the SDSU Heart Institute, Department of Biology (N.A.G., F.F., K.M.B., K.I., K.P.N., C.R.P., V.S., M.M.M., A.R.C., F.G.K., B.J.W., D.E.E., R.A., M.A.S.)
| | - Walter P Dembitsky
- San Diego State University, CA; Sharp Memorial Hospital, San Diego, CA (W.P.D.)
| | | | - Jop van Berlo
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (J.v.B.)
| | - Mark A Sussman
- From the SDSU Heart Institute, Department of Biology (N.A.G., F.F., K.M.B., K.I., K.P.N., C.R.P., V.S., M.M.M., A.R.C., F.G.K., B.J.W., D.E.E., R.A., M.A.S.)
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