1
|
Sheikhlary S, Lopez DH, Moghimi S, Sun B. Recent Findings on Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines: An Updated Review. Biomolecules 2024; 14:503. [PMID: 38672519 PMCID: PMC11048403 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the global leading causes of death and various vaccines have been developed over the years against it, including cell-based, nucleic acid-based, and viral-based cancer vaccines. Although many vaccines have been effective in in vivo and clinical studies and some have been FDA-approved, there are major limitations to overcome: (1) developing one universal vaccine for a specific cancer is difficult, as tumors with different antigens are different for different individuals, (2) the tumor antigens may be similar to the body's own antigens, and (3) there is the possibility of cancer recurrence. Therefore, developing personalized cancer vaccines with the ability to distinguish between the tumor and the body's antigens is indispensable. This paper provides a comprehensive review of different types of cancer vaccines and highlights important factors necessary for developing efficient cancer vaccines. Moreover, the application of other technologies in cancer therapy is discussed. Finally, several insights and conclusions are presented, such as the possibility of using cold plasma and cancer stem cells in developing future cancer vaccines, to tackle the major limitations in the cancer vaccine developmental process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sheikhlary
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - David Humberto Lopez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (D.H.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Sophia Moghimi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (D.H.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (D.H.L.); (S.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang K, Xie X, Zheng SL, Deng YR, Liao D, Yan HC, Kang X, Jiang HP, Guo SQ. Tertiary lymphoid structures in gynecological cancers: prognostic role, methods for evaluating, antitumor immunity, and induction for therapy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1276907. [PMID: 38023214 PMCID: PMC10667730 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1276907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs), referred to as tertiary lymphoid organs and lymphoid tissue neogenesis, are aggregates of immune cells that occur in nonlymphoid tissues. In recent years, it has been found that TLSs within the tumor microenvironment have been associated with local adaptive immune immunity against cancer and favorable prognosis in several human solid tumors, including gynecological cancers. The issue of the prognosis of gynecological cancers, including endometrial, cervical, and ovarian cancer, is an enormous challenge that many clinical doctors and researchers are now facing. Concerning the predictive prognostic role of TLSs, effective evaluation, and quantification of TLSs in human tissues may be used to assist gynecologists in assessing the clinical outcome of gynecological cancer patients. This review summarizes the current knowledge of TLSs in gynecological cancers, mainly focusing on the potential mechanism of TLS neogenesis, methods for evaluating TLSs, their prognostic value, and their role in antitumor immune immunity. This review also discusses the new therapeutic methods currently being explored in gynecological cancers to induce the formation of TLSs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Pingxiang People's Hospital, Pingxiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiao Xie
- Department of Urology, Pingxiang People's Hospital, Pingxiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shuang-Lin Zheng
- Department of Gynecology, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuan-Run Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The Third Clinical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan Liao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The Third Clinical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hai-Chen Yan
- Department of Urology, Pingxiang People's Hospital, Pingxiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xi Kang
- Department of Urology, Pingxiang People's Hospital, Pingxiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hui-Ping Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The Third Clinical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sui-Qun Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The Third Clinical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sonar SA, Watanabe M, Nikolich JŽ. Disorganization of secondary lymphoid organs and dyscoordination of chemokine secretion as key contributors to immune aging. Semin Immunol 2023; 70:101835. [PMID: 37651849 PMCID: PMC10840697 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by progressive loss of organ and tissue function, and the immune system is no exception to that inevitable principle. Of all the age-related changes in the body, reduction of the size of, and naïve T (Tn) cell output from, the thymus occurs earliest, being prominent already before or by the time of puberty. Therefore, to preserve immunity against new infections, over much of their lives, vertebrates dominantly rely on peripheral maintenance of the Tn cell pool in the secondary lymphoid organs (SLO). However, SLO structure and function subsequently also deteriorate with aging. Several recent studies have made a convincing case that this deterioration is of major importance to the erosion of protective immunity in the last third of life. Specifically, the SLO were found to accumulate multiple degenerative changes with aging. Importantly, the results from adoptive transfer and parabiosis studies teach us that the old microenvironment is the limiting factor for protective immunity in old mice. In this review, we discuss the extent, mechanisms, and potential role of stromal cell aging in the age-related alteration of T cell homeostatic maintenance and immune function decline. We use that discussion to frame the potential strategies to correct the SLO stromal aging defects - in the context of other immune rejuvenation approaches, - to improve functional immune responses and protective immunity in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Ashok Sonar
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA; The University of Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Makiko Watanabe
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA; The University of Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Janko Ž Nikolich
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA; The University of Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA; the Aegis Consortium for Pandemic-free Future, University of Arizona Health Sciences, USA; BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pan L, Yang F, Cao X, Zhao H, Li J, Zhang J, Guo J, Jin Z, Guan Z, Zhou F. Identification of five hub immune genes and characterization of two immune subtypes of osteoarthritis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1144258. [PMID: 37008941 PMCID: PMC10060864 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1144258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases, leading to degeneration of joints, chronic pain, and disability in the elderly. Little is known about the role of immune-related genes (IRGs) and immune cells in OA. METHOD Hub IRGs of OA were identified by differential expression analysis and filtered by three machine learning strategies, including random forest (RF), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and support vector machine (SVM). A diagnostic nomogram model was then constructed by using these hub IRGs, with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, decision curve analysis (DCA), and clinical impact curve analysis (CICA) estimating its performance and clinical impact. Hierarchical clustering analysis was then conducted by setting the hub IRGs as input information. Differences in immune cell infiltration and activities of immune pathways were revealed between different immune subtypes. RESULT Five hub IRGs of OA were identified, including TNFSF11, SCD1, PGF, EDNRB, and IL1R1. Of them, TNFSF11 and SCD1 contributed the most to the diagnostic nomogram model with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.904 and 0.864, respectively. Two immune subtypes were characterized. The immune over-activated subtype showed excessively activated cellular immunity with a higher proportion of activated B cells and activated CD8 T cells. The two phenotypes were also seen in two validation cohorts. CONCLUSION The present study comprehensively investigated the role of immune genes and immune cells in OA. Five hub IRGs and two immune subtypes were identified. These findings will provide novel insights into the diagnosis and treatment of OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou Ninth People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Community Health Service Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianhua Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou Ninth People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongchang Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou Ninth People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou Ninth People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinxi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou Ninth People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiandong Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou Ninth People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhijiang Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou Ninth People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhijiang Jin, ; Zhongning Guan, ; Feng Zhou,
| | - Zhongning Guan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou Ninth People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhijiang Jin, ; Zhongning Guan, ; Feng Zhou,
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou Ninth People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhijiang Jin, ; Zhongning Guan, ; Feng Zhou,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li J, Jiang M, Yu Z, Xiong C, Pan J, Cai Z, Xu N, Zhou X, Huang Y, Yang Z. Artemisinin relieves osteoarthritis by activating mitochondrial autophagy through reducing TNFSF11 expression and inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cartilage. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:62. [PMID: 35902802 PMCID: PMC9331798 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00365-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a widespread chronic degenerative joint disease characterized by the degeneration of articular cartilage or inflamed joints. Our findings indicated that treatment with artemisinin (AT) downregulates the protein levels of MMP3, MMP13, and ADAMTS5, which are cartilage degradation-related proteins in OA, and inhibits the expression of inflammatory factors in interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-stimulated chondrocytes. However, the mechanism of the role of AT in OA remains unclear. Here, we performed gene sequencing and bioinformatics analysis in control, OA, and OA + AT groups to demonstrate that several mRNA candidates were enriched in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, and TNFSF11 was significantly downregulated after AT treatment. TNFSF11 was downregulated in the OA + AT group, whereas it was upregulated in rat OA tissues and OA chondrocytes. Therefore, we confirmed that TNFSF11 was the target gene of AT. In addition, our study revealed that AT relieved cartilage degradation and defection by activating mitochondrial autophagy via inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in IL-1β-induced chondrocytes. Furthermore, an OA model was established in rats with medial meniscus destabilization. Injecting AT into the knee joints of OA rat alleviated surgical resection-induced cartilage destruction. Thus, these findings revealed that AT relieves OA by activating mitochondrial autophagy by reducing TNFSF11 expression and inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Mengqing Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Zhentang Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Chenwei Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Jieen Pan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Zhenhai Cai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Nanwei Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Xindie Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, China.
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Zhicheng Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fleig S, Kapanadze T, Bernier-Latmani J, Lill JK, Wyss T, Gamrekelashvili J, Kijas D, Liu B, Hüsing AM, Bovay E, Jirmo AC, Halle S, Ricke-Hoch M, Adams RH, Engel DR, von Vietinghoff S, Förster R, Hilfiker-Kleiner D, Haller H, Petrova TV, Limbourg FP. Loss of vascular endothelial notch signaling promotes spontaneous formation of tertiary lymphoid structures. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2022. [PMID: 35440634 PMCID: PMC9018798 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29701-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are lymph node-like immune cell clusters that emerge during chronic inflammation in non-lymphoid organs like the kidney, but their origin remains not well understood. Here we show, using conditional deletion strategies of the canonical Notch signaling mediator Rbpj, that loss of endothelial Notch signaling in adult mice induces the spontaneous formation of bona fide TLS in the kidney, liver and lung, based on molecular, cellular and structural criteria. These TLS form in a stereotypical manner around parenchymal arteries, while secondary lymphoid structures remained largely unchanged. This effect is mediated by endothelium of blood vessels, but not lymphatics, since a lymphatic endothelial-specific targeting strategy did not result in TLS formation, and involves loss of arterial specification and concomitant acquisition of a high endothelial cell phenotype, as shown by transcriptional analysis of kidney endothelial cells. This indicates a so far unrecognized role for vascular endothelial cells and Notch signaling in TLS initiation. Loss of canonical Notch signaling in vascular endothelial cells induces spontaneous formation of proto-typical tertiary lymphoid structures in mouse kidney, liver and lungs, which form around central arteries that acquire a high endothelial cell signature
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Fleig
- Vascular Medicine Research, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Geriatric Medicine (Medical Clinic VI), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tamar Kapanadze
- Vascular Medicine Research, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jeremiah Bernier-Latmani
- Vascular and Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julia K Lill
- Department of Immunodynamics, Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, Medical Research Centre, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Tania Wyss
- Vascular and Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland.,SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Jaba Gamrekelashvili
- Vascular Medicine Research, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dustin Kijas
- Vascular Medicine Research, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bin Liu
- Hannover Medical School, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Anne M Hüsing
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Esther Bovay
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Adan Chari Jirmo
- Hannover Medical School, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephan Halle
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Melanie Ricke-Hoch
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralf H Adams
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Daniel R Engel
- Department of Immunodynamics, Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, Medical Research Centre, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Sibylle von Vietinghoff
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Division of Medicine I, Nephrology section, UKB Bonn University Hospital, Bonn, Germany
| | - Reinhold Förster
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Denise Hilfiker-Kleiner
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Cardiovascular Complications of Oncologic Therapies, Medical Faculty of the Philipps University Marburg, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Haller
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tatiana V Petrova
- Vascular and Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florian P Limbourg
- Vascular Medicine Research, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany. .,Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Update on B Cell Response in Periodontitis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1373:175-193. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-96881-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
8
|
Lobov GI. Role of Endogenous Hydrogen Sulfide in Relaxation of the Lymph Node Capsule in LPS-induced Inflammation. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093021060156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
9
|
N J, J T, Sl N, Gt B. Tertiary lymphoid structures and B lymphocytes in cancer prognosis and response to immunotherapies. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1900508. [PMID: 33854820 PMCID: PMC8018489 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1900508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are ectopic cellular aggregates that resemble secondary lymphoid organs in their composition and structural organization. In contrast to secondary lymphoid organs, TLS are not imprinted during embryogenesis but are formed in non-lymphoid tissues in response to local inflammation. TLS structures exhibiting a variable degree of maturation are found in solid tumors. They are composed of various immune cell types including dendritic cells and antigen-specific B and T lymphocytes, that together, actively drive the immune response against tumor development and progression. This review highlights the successive steps leading to tumor TLS formation and its association with clinical outcomes. We discuss the role played by tumor-infiltrating B lymphocytes and plasma cells, their prognostic value in solid tumors and immunotherapeutic responses and their potential for future targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelot N
- Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Tellier J
- Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Nutt Sl
- Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Belz Gt
- Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liao HQ, Han MT, Cheng W, Zhang C, Li H, Li MQ, Zhu R. Decidual-derived RANKL facilitates macrophages accumulation and residence at the maternal-fetal interface in human early pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol 2021; 86:e13406. [PMID: 33629434 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM During the first trimester, the accumulation of macrophages, which is the second largest decidual leukocyte population (~20%) at the maternal-fetal interface, is quite vital for a successful pregnancy, including embryo implantation, trophoblast invasion, and vascular remodeling. The mechanism of the enrichment and redistribution of macrophages in the uterine decidua of early pregnancy is largely unclear. METHOD OF STUDY A total of 37 women with normal early pregnancies were included. Primary decidual macrophages (dMφs) (n = 37) and primary decidual stromal cells (DSCs) (n = 37) were isolated, and the adhesion molecules were analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM). Adhesive experiment was carried out to evaluate the adhesion capacity by counting cell numbers of dMφs adhered to DSCs in a co-culture system. RESULTS We found that RANK+ dMφs was the dominating subtype at the maternal-fetal interface. The expression of adhesion molecules (eg, CD29, CD31, CD54, and CD62L) on the surface of RANK+ dMφs was higher than that of RANK- dMφs. After co-culture with DSCs, the expression of adhesion molecules on dMφs was up-regulated in a RANKL-dependent manner. Meanwhile, dMφs promoted the releasing of RANKL on DSCs after co-culture. Consistently, dMφs exhibited the lessoned capacity of adhesion to DSCs when blocking the crosstalk of RANKL-RANK between the DSCs and dMφs in vitro. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the interaction of RANKL-RANK up-regulates the expression of adhesion molecules on the surface of dMφs, contributing to the accumulation and residence of dMφs in human early pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Qiong Liao
- Center for Human Reproduction and Genetics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mu-Tian Han
- Center for Human Reproduction and Genetics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Center for Human Reproduction and Genetics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ce Zhang
- Center for Human Reproduction and Genetics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Li
- Center for Human Reproduction and Genetics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming-Qing Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Center for Human Reproduction and Genetics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xiong J, Zhou L, Tian J, Yang X, Li Y, Jin R, Le Y, Rao Y, Sun Y. Cigarette Smoke-Induced Lymphoid Neogenesis in COPD Involves IL-17/RANKL Pathway. Front Immunol 2021; 11:588522. [PMID: 33613513 PMCID: PMC7892459 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.588522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-17 is critical in lung lymphoid neogenesis in COPD, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) functions in lymphoid follicle formation in other organs, whether it is involved in IL-17A-dependent lymphoid neogenesis in COPD is unknown. To elucidate the expression and functional role of IL-17A/RANKL pathway in COPD. We first quantified and localized RANKL, its receptor RANK and IL-17A in lungs of patients with COPD, smokers and non-smokers. Next, IL-17A-/- and wild-type (WT) mice were exposed to air or cigarette smoke (CS) for 24 weeks, and lung lymphoid follicles and RANKL-RANK expression were measured. Lastly, we studied the in vitro biological function of RANKL pertaining to lymphoid neogenesis. We found that the expressions of RANKL-RANK and IL-17A, together with lymphoid follicles, were increased in lung tissues from patients with COPD. In WT mice exposed to CS, RANKL-RANK expressions were prominent in lung lymphoid follicles, which were absent in IL-17A-/- mice exposed to CS. In the lymphoid follicles, RANKL+ cells were identified mostly as B cells and RANK was localized in dendritic cells (DCs). In vitro IL-17A increased the expressions of RANKL in B cells and RANK in DCs, which in turn responded to RANKL stimulation by upregulation of CXCL13. Altogether, these results suggest that B lymphocyte RANKL pathway is involved in IL-17A-dependent lymphoid neogenesis in COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jieyu Tian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunsong Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Jin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqing Le
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yafei Rao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongchang Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Velardi E, Clave E, Arruda LCM, Benini F, Locatelli F, Toubert A. The role of the thymus in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and the recovery of the peripheral T-cell compartment. Semin Immunopathol 2021; 43:101-117. [PMID: 33416938 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00828-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As the thymus represents the primary site of T-cell development, optimal thymic function is of paramount importance for the successful reconstitution of the adaptive immunity after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Thymus involutes as part of the aging process and several factors, including previous chemotherapy treatments, conditioning regimen used in preparation to the allograft, occurrence of graft-versus-host disease, and steroid therapy that impair the integrity of the thymus, thus affecting its role in supporting T-cell neogenesis. Although the pathways governing its regeneration are still poorly understood, the thymus has a remarkable capacity to recover its function after damage. Measurement of both recent thymic emigrants and T-cell receptor excision circles is valuable tools to assess thymic output and gain insights on its function. In this review, we will extensively discuss available data on factors regulating thymic function after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, as well as the strategies and therapeutic approaches under investigation to promote thymic reconstitution and accelerate immune recovery in transplanted patients, including the use of cytokines, sex-steroid ablation, precursor T-cells, and thymus bioengineering. Although none of them is routinely used in the clinic, these approaches have the potential to enhance thymic function and immune recovery, not only in patients given an allograft but also in other conditions characterized by immune deficiencies related to a defective function of the thymus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Velardi
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy.
| | - Emmanuel Clave
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, EMiLy, Inserm U1160, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Lucas C M Arruda
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesca Benini
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy.,Department of Maternal and Child Health, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Antoine Toubert
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, EMiLy, Inserm U1160, F-75010, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Immunologie et d'Histocompatibilité, AP-HP, Hopital Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Thierry GR, Gentek R, Bajenoff M. Remodeling of reactive lymph nodes: Dynamics of stromal cells and underlying chemokine signaling. Immunol Rev 2020; 289:42-61. [PMID: 30977194 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lymph nodes (LNs) are secondary immune organs dispersed throughout the body. They are primarily composed of lymphocytes, "transient passengers" that are only present for a few hours. During this time, they extensively interact with a meshwork of stromal cells. Although these cells constitute less than 5% of all LN cells, they are integral to LN function: Stromal cells create a three-dimensional network that provides a rigid backbone for the transport of lymph and generates "roads" for lymphocyte migration. Beyond structural support, the LN stroma also produces survival signals for lymphocytes and provides nutrients, soluble factors, antigens, and immune cells collectively required for immune surveillance and the generation of adaptive immune responses. A unique feature of LNs is their ability to considerably and rapidly change size: the volume and cellularity of inflamed LNs can increase up to 20-fold before returning to homeostatic levels. This cycle will be repeated many times during life and is accommodated by stromal cells. The dynamics underlying this dramatic remodeling are subject of this review. We will first introduce the main types of LN stromal cells and explain their known functions. We will then discuss how these cells enable LN growth during immune responses, with a particular focus on underlying cellular mechanisms and molecular cues. Similarly, we will elaborate on stromal dynamics mediating the return to LN homeostasis, a process that is mechanistically much less understood than LN expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guilhem R Thierry
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Rebecca Gentek
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Bajenoff
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Vargas-Franco JW, Castaneda B, Gama A, Mueller CG, Heymann D, Rédini F, Lézot F. Genetically-achieved disturbances to the expression levels of TNFSF11 receptors modulate the effects of zoledronic acid on growing mouse skeletons. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 168:133-148. [PMID: 31260659 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Zoledronic acid (ZOL), a nitrogen bisphosphonate (N-BP), is currently used to treat and control pediatric osteolytic diseases. Variations in the intensity of the effects and side effects of N-BPs have been reported with no clear explanations regarding their origins. We wonder if such variations could be associated with different levels of RANKL signaling activity in growing bone during and after the treatment with N-BPs. To answer this question, ZOL was injected into neonate C57BL/6J mice with different genetically-determined RANKL signaling activity levels (Opg+/+\RankTg-, Opg+/+\RankTg+, Opg+/-\RankTg-, Opg+/-\RankTg+, Opg-/-\RankTg- and Opg-/-\RankTg+ mice) following a protocol (4 injections from post-natal day 1 to 7 at the dose of 50 μg/kg) that mimics those used in onco-pediatric patients. At the end of pediatric growth (1 and half months) and at an adult age (10 months), the bone morphometric and mineral parameters were measured using μCT in the tibia and skull for the different mice. A histologic analysis of the dental and periodontal tissues was also performed. At the end of pediatric growth, a delay in long bone and skull bone growth, a blockage of tooth eruption, some molar root alterations and a neoplasia-like structure associated with incisor development were found. Interestingly, the magnitude of these side effects was reduced by Opg deficiency (Opg-/-) but increased by Rank overexpression (RankTg). Analysis of the skeletal phenotype at ten months confirmed respectively the beneficial and harmful effects of Opg deficiency and Rank overexpression. These results validated the hypothesis that the RANKL signaling activity level in the bone microenvironment is implicated in the modulation of the response to ZOL. Further studies will be necessary to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms, which will help decipher the variability in the effects of N-BPs reported in the human population. SIGNIFICANT STATEMENTS: The present study establishes that in mice the RANKL signaling activity level is a major modulator of the effects and side-effects of bisphosphonates on the individual skeleton during growth. However, the modulatory actions are dependent on the ways in which this level of activity is increased. A decrease in OPG expression is beneficial to the skeletal phenotype observed at the end of growth, while RANK overexpression deteriorates it. Far removed from pediatric treatment, in adults, the skeletal phenotypes initially observed at the end of growth for the different levels of RANKL signaling activity were maintained, although significant improvement was associated only with reductions in OPG expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge William Vargas-Franco
- INSERM, UMR-1238, Equipe 1, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Nantes F-44035, France; Department of Basic Studies, Faculty of Odontology, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Beatriz Castaneda
- Service d'Odontologie-Stomatologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Andrea Gama
- INSERM, UMR-1138, Equipe 5, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris F-75006, France; Odontology Center of District Federal Military Police, Brasília, Brazil; Oral Histopathology Laboratory, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Christopher G Mueller
- CNRS, UPR 9021, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IBMC), Laboratoire Immunologie et Chimie Thérapeutiques, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg F-67084, France
| | - Dominique Heymann
- INSERM, LEA Sarcoma Research Unit, University of Sheffield, Department of Oncology and Human Metabolism, Medical School, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; INSERM, UMR 1232, LabCT, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, site René Gauducheau, Saint-Herblain F-44805, France
| | - Françoise Rédini
- INSERM, UMR-1238, Equipe 1, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Nantes F-44035, France
| | - Frédéric Lézot
- INSERM, UMR-1238, Equipe 1, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Nantes F-44035, France.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Decidual RANKL/RANK interaction promotes the residence and polarization of TGF-β1-producing regulatory γδ T cells. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:113. [PMID: 30737372 PMCID: PMC6368618 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1380-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ABSTACT Decidual γδΤ (dγδΤ) cells play an essential role during successful pregnancy; however, the residence and polarization of γδΤ cells in decidua remain unclear. In this study, we observed higher levels of receptor activator for nuclear factor-κ B ligand (RANKL) on decidual stromal cells (DSCs), and its receptor RANK on dγδΤ cells in decidua from normal pregnancy compared with patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). RANKL expressed by DSCs can induce the polarization of peripheral blood γδΤ (pγδΤ) and dγδΤ cells to Foxp3 + γδΤ cells, and upregulate the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. This process is mediated through activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). In addition, RANKL promotes the adhesion of dγδΤ cells to DSCs in vitro, which is associated with the upregulation of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 on DSCs and integrins on dγδΤ cells. RANKL knockout leads to the decreased numbers of uterus total γδΤ cells, Foxp3+γδΤ cells and the expression of TGF-β1, and the increased pregnancy loss in mice. These results suggest that RANKL is a pivotal regulator of maternal-fetal tolerance by triggering the polarization and residence of TGF-β1-producing Foxp3+γδΤ cells in early pregnancy. The abnormal low level of RANKL/RANK results in pregnancy loss because of the dialogue disorder between DSCs and dγδΤ cells. This observation provides a scientific basis on which a potential marker can be detected to early warning of pregnancy loss.
Collapse
|
16
|
Navet B, Vargas-Franco JW, Gama A, Amiaud J, Choi Y, Yagita H, Mueller CG, Rédini F, Heymann D, Castaneda B, Lézot F. Maternal RANKL Reduces the Osteopetrotic Phenotype of Null Mutant Mouse Pups. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7110426. [PMID: 30413057 PMCID: PMC6262436 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7110426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
RANKL signalization is implicated in the morphogenesis of various organs, including the skeleton. Mice invalidated for Rankl present an osteopetrotic phenotype that was less severe than anticipated, depending on RANKL’s implication in morphogenesis. The hypothesis of an attenuated phenotype, as a result of compensation during gestation by RANKL of maternal origin, was thus brought into question. In order to answer this question, Rankl null mutant pups from null mutant parents were generated, and the phenotype analyzed. The results validated the presence of a more severe osteopetrotic phenotype in the second-generation null mutant with perinatal lethality. The experiments also confirmed that RANKL signalization plays a part in the morphogenesis of skeletal elements through its involvement in cell-to-cell communication, such as in control of osteoclast differentiation. To conclude, we have demonstrated that the phenotype associated with Rankl invalidation is attenuated through compensation by RANKL of maternal origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Navet
- INSERM, UMR 1238, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, F-44035 Nantes, France.
| | - Jorge William Vargas-Franco
- INSERM, UMR 1238, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, F-44035 Nantes, France.
- Department of Basic Studies, Faculty of Odontology, University of Antioquia, Medellin AA 1226, Colombia.
| | - Andrea Gama
- INSERM, UMR-1138, Equipe 5, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - Jérome Amiaud
- INSERM, UMR 1238, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, F-44035 Nantes, France.
| | - Yongwon Choi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Hideo Yagita
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Christopher G Mueller
- CNRS, UPR-9021, Laboratoire Immunologie et Chimie Thérapeutiques, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IBMC), Université de Strasbourg, F-67084 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Françoise Rédini
- INSERM, UMR 1238, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, F-44035 Nantes, France.
| | - Dominique Heymann
- INSERM, LEA Sarcoma Research Unit, Department of Oncology and Human Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
- INSERM, UMR 1232, LabCT, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, site René Gauducheau, F-44805 Saint-Herblain, France.
| | - Beatriz Castaneda
- INSERM, UMR-1138, Equipe 5, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - Frédéric Lézot
- INSERM, UMR 1238, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, F-44035 Nantes, France.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ahern E, Smyth MJ, Dougall WC, Teng MWL. Roles of the RANKL–RANK axis in antitumour immunity — implications for therapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2018; 15:676-693. [DOI: 10.1038/s41571-018-0095-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
18
|
Demoersman J, Pochard P, Framery C, Simon Q, Boisramé S, Soueidan A, Pers JO. B cell subset distribution is altered in patients with severe periodontitis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192986. [PMID: 29447240 PMCID: PMC5814041 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have recently highlighted the implication of B cells in physiopathogenesis of periodontal disease by showing that a B cell deficiency leads to improved periodontal parameters. However, the detailed profiles of circulating B cell subsets have not yet been investigated in patients with severe periodontitis (SP). We hypothesised that an abnormal distribution of B cell subsets could be detected in the blood of patients with severe periodontal lesions, as already reported for patients with chronic inflammatory diseases as systemic autoimmune diseases. Fifteen subjects with SP and 13 subjects without periodontitis, according to the definition proposed by the CDC periodontal disease surveillance work group, were enrolled in this pilot observational study. Two flow cytometry panels were designed to analyse the circulating B and B1 cell subset distribution in association with the RANKL expression. A significantly higher percentage of CD27+ memory B cells was observed in patients with SP. Among these CD27+ B cells, the proportion of the switched memory subset was significantly higher. At the same time, human B1 cells, which were previously associated with a regulatory function (CD20+CD69-CD43+CD27+CD11b+), decreased in SP patients. The RANKL expression increased in every B cell subset from the SP patients and was significantly greater in activated B cells than in the subjects without periodontitis. These preliminary results demonstrate the altered distribution of B cells in the context of severe periodontitis. Further investigations with a larger cohort of patients can elucidate if the analysis of the B cell compartment distribution can reflect the periodontal disease activity and be a reliable marker for its prognosis (clinical trial registration number: NCT02833285, B cell functions in periodontitis).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Demoersman
- UMR1227, Université de Brest, Inserm, Brest, France
- LabEx IGO, Brest, France
| | - Pierre Pochard
- UMR1227, Université de Brest, Inserm, Brest, France
- LabEx IGO, Brest, France
| | | | - Quentin Simon
- UMR1227, Université de Brest, Inserm, Brest, France
- LabEx IGO, Brest, France
| | | | - Assem Soueidan
- Department of Periodontology, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Rmes Inserm U1229/UIC11, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jacques-Olivier Pers
- UMR1227, Université de Brest, Inserm, Brest, France
- LabEx IGO, Brest, France
- Service d’odontologie, CHU Brest, Brest, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Shamsuzzaman S, Onal M, St John HC, Pike JW. Deletion of a Distal RANKL Gene Enhancer Delays Progression of Atherosclerotic Plaque Calcification in Hypercholesterolemic Mice. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:4240-4253. [PMID: 28419519 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) is a TNF-like cytokine which mediates diverse physiological functions including bone remodeling and immune regulation. RANKL has been identified in atherosclerotic lesions; however, its role in atherosclerotic plaque development remains elusive. An enhancer located 75 kb upstream of the murine Rankl gene's transcription start site designated D5 is important for its calciotropic hormone- and cytokine-mediated expression. Here, we determined the impact of RANKL levels in atherosclerotic plaque development in the D5 enhancer-null (D5-/- ) mice in an atherogenic Apoe-/- background fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Rankl mRNA transcripts were increased in aortic arches and thoracic aortae of Apoe-/- mice; however, this increase was blunted in Apoe-/- ;D5-/- mice. Similarly, higher Rankl transcripts were identified in splenic T lymphocytes in Apoe-/- mice, and their levels were reduced in Apoe-/- ;D5-/- mice. When analyzed by micro-computed tomography (µCT), atherosclerotic plaque calcification was identified in six out of eight Apoe-/- mice, whereas only one out of eight Apoe-/- ;D5-/- mice developed plaque calcification after 12 weeks of HFD. However, following 18 weeks of HFD challenge, all of Apoe-/- and Apoe-/- ;D5-/- animals developed atherosclerotic plaque calcification. Likewise, atherosclerotic lesion sizes were site-specifically reduced in the aortic arch of Apoe-/- ;D5-/- mice at initial stage of atherosclerosis and this effect was diminished as atherosclerosis proceeded to a more advanced stage. Our data suggest that deletion of the RANKL D5 enhancer delays the progression of atherosclerotic plaque development and plaque calcification in hypercholesterolemic mice. This work provides important insight into RANKL's regulatory role in atherosclerosis. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4240-4253, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sohel Shamsuzzaman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
| | - Melda Onal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
| | - Hillary C St John
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
| | - J Wesley Pike
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sojod B, Chateau D, Mueller CG, Babajko S, Berdal A, Lézot F, Castaneda B. RANK/RANKL/OPG Signalization Implication in Periodontitis: New Evidence from a RANK Transgenic Mouse Model. Front Physiol 2017; 8:338. [PMID: 28596739 PMCID: PMC5442248 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is based on a complex inflammatory over-response combined with possible genetic predisposition factors. The RANKL/RANK/OPG signaling pathway is implicated in bone resorption through its key function in osteoclast differentiation and activation, as well as in the inflammatory response. This central element of osteo-immunology has been suggested to be perturbed in several diseases, including periodontitis, as it is a predisposing factor for this disease. The aim of the present study was to validate this hypothesis using a transgenic mouse line, which over-expresses RANK (RTg) and develops a periodontitis-like phenotype at 5 months of age. RTg mice exhibited severe alveolar bone loss, an increased number of TRAP positive cells, and disorganization of periodontal ligaments. This phenotype was more pronounced in females. We also observed dental root resorption lacunas. Hyperplasia of the gingival epithelium, including Malassez epithelial rests, was visible as early as 25 days, preceding any other symptoms. These results demonstrate that perturbations of the RANKL/RANK/OPG system constitute a core element of periodontitis, and more globally, osteo-immune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bouchra Sojod
- INSERM, UMR-1138, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Orale Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche des CordeliersParis, France
| | - Danielle Chateau
- INSERM, UMR-1138, Intestine: Nutrition, Barrier, and Diseases Group, Centre de Recherche des CordeliersParis, France
| | - Christopher G Mueller
- Laboratoire Immunologie et Chimie Thérapeutiques, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UPR-9021, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de StrasbourgStrasbourg, France
| | - Sylvie Babajko
- INSERM, UMR-1138, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Orale Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche des CordeliersParis, France
| | - Ariane Berdal
- INSERM, UMR-1138, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Orale Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche des CordeliersParis, France
| | - Frédéric Lézot
- INSERM, UMR-957, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Faculté de Médecine, Université de NantesNantes, France
| | - Beatriz Castaneda
- INSERM, UMR-1138, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Orale Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche des CordeliersParis, France.,Department of Basic Studies, Faculty of Odontology, University of AntioquiaMedellin, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tan JKH, Watanabe T. Stromal Cell Subsets Directing Neonatal Spleen Regeneration. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40401. [PMID: 28067323 PMCID: PMC5220291 DOI: 10.1038/srep40401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of lymphoid tissue is determined by interactions between stromal lymphoid tissue organiser (LTo) and hematopoietic lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells. A failure for LTo to receive appropriate activating signals during embryogenesis through lymphotoxin engagement leads to a complete cessation of lymph node (LN) and Peyer's patch development, identifying LTo as a key stromal population for lymphoid tissue organogenesis. However, little is known about the equivalent stromal cells that induce spleen development. Here, by dissociating neonatal murine spleen stromal tissue for re-aggregation and transplant into adult mouse recipients, we have identified a MAdCAM-1+CD31+CD201+ spleen stromal organizer cell-type critical for new tissue formation. This finding provides an insight into the regulation of post-natal spleen tissue organogenesis, and could be exploited in the development of spleen regenerative therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan K H Tan
- AK Project, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,Division of Biomedical Science, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra 0200, Australia
| | - Takeshi Watanabe
- AK Project, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Barone F, Gardner DH, Nayar S, Steinthal N, Buckley CD, Luther SA. Stromal Fibroblasts in Tertiary Lymphoid Structures: A Novel Target in Chronic Inflammation. Front Immunol 2016; 7:477. [PMID: 27877173 PMCID: PMC5100680 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are organized aggregates of lymphocytes, myeloid, and stromal cells that provide ectopic hubs for acquired immune responses. TLS share phenotypical and functional features with secondary lymphoid organs (SLO); however, they require persistent inflammatory signals to arise and are often observed at target sites of autoimmune disease, chronic infection, cancer, and organ transplantation. Over the past 10 years, important progress has been made in our understanding of the role of stromal fibroblasts in SLO development, organization, and function. A complex and stereotyped series of events regulate fibroblast differentiation from embryonic life in SLOs to lymphoid organ architecture observed in adults. In contrast, TLS-associated fibroblasts differentiate from postnatal, locally activated mesenchyme, predominantly in settings of inflammation and persistent antigen presentation. Therefore, there are critical differences in the cellular and molecular requirements that regulate SLO versus TLS development that ultimately impact on stromal and hematopoietic cell function. These differences may contribute to the pathogenic nature of TLS in the context of chronic inflammation and malignant transformation and offer a window of opportunity for therapeutic interventions in TLS associated pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Barone
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - David H Gardner
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Saba Nayar
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Nathalie Steinthal
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Christopher D Buckley
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Sanjiv A Luther
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Immunity and Infection, University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Osteoimmunology: memorandum for rheumatologists. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2016; 59:1241-1258. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-016-5105-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
24
|
Cordeiro OG, Chypre M, Brouard N, Rauber S, Alloush F, Romera-Hernandez M, Bénézech C, Li Z, Eckly A, Coles MC, Rot A, Yagita H, Léon C, Ludewig B, Cupedo T, Lanza F, Mueller CG. Integrin-Alpha IIb Identifies Murine Lymph Node Lymphatic Endothelial Cells Responsive to RANKL. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151848. [PMID: 27010197 PMCID: PMC4806919 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Microenvironment and activation signals likely imprint heterogeneity in the lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) population. Particularly LECs of secondary lymphoid organs are exposed to different cell types and immune stimuli. However, our understanding of the nature of LEC activation signals and their cell source within the secondary lymphoid organ in the steady state remains incomplete. Here we show that integrin alpha 2b (ITGA2b), known to be carried by platelets, megakaryocytes and hematopoietic progenitors, is expressed by a lymph node subset of LECs, residing in medullary, cortical and subcapsular sinuses. In the subcapsular sinus, the floor but not the ceiling layer expresses the integrin, being excluded from ACKR4+ LECs but overlapping with MAdCAM-1 expression. ITGA2b expression increases in response to immunization, raising the possibility that heterogeneous ITGA2b levels reflect variation in exposure to activation signals. We show that alterations of the level of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), by overexpression, neutralization or deletion from stromal marginal reticular cells, affected the proportion of ITGA2b+ LECs. Lymph node LECs but not peripheral LECs express RANK. In addition, we found that lymphotoxin-β receptor signaling likewise regulated the proportion of ITGA2b+ LECs. These findings demonstrate that stromal reticular cells activate LECs via RANKL and support the action of hematopoietic cell-derived lymphotoxin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga G. Cordeiro
- CNRS UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, Laboratory of Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry/ MEDALIS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mélanie Chypre
- CNRS UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, Laboratory of Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry/ MEDALIS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France
- Prestwick Chemical, Blvd Gonthier d'Andernach, Parc d’innovation, 67400, Illkirch, France
| | - Nathalie Brouard
- INSERM, UMR_S949, Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Simon Rauber
- CNRS UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, Laboratory of Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry/ MEDALIS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France
| | - Farouk Alloush
- CNRS UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, Laboratory of Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry/ MEDALIS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Cécile Bénézech
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Zhi Li
- Center for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Anita Eckly
- INSERM, UMR_S949, Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mark C. Coles
- Center for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Antal Rot
- Center for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Hideo Yagita
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113–8421, Japan
| | - Catherine Léon
- INSERM, UMR_S949, Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonspital St. Gallen, 9007, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Tom Cupedo
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - François Lanza
- INSERM, UMR_S949, Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christopher G. Mueller
- CNRS UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, Laboratory of Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry/ MEDALIS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Onal M, St John HC, Danielson AL, Pike JW. Deletion of the Distal Tnfsf11 RL-D2 Enhancer That Contributes to PTH-Mediated RANKL Expression in Osteoblast Lineage Cells Results in a High Bone Mass Phenotype in Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:416-29. [PMID: 26332516 PMCID: PMC4835217 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) is a tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-like cytokine that is necessary for osteoclast formation and survival. Elevated RANKL synthesis is associated with both increased osteoclast number and bone resorption. Earlier studies identified an enhancer 76 kb upstream of the Tnfsf11 transcriptional start site (TSS) termed RL-D5 or the distal control region (DCR) that modulates RANKL expression in response to PTH, 1,25(OH)2D3,, and an array of cytokines. Mice lacking RL-D5 exhibit high bone mass associated with decreased RANKL expression in bone, spleen, and thymus. In addition to RL-D5, genome-wide studies have identified 9 additional Tnfsf11 enhancers residing upstream of the gene's TSS, which provide RANKL cell type-specificity and responsiveness to local and systemic factors. ChIP-chip analyses has revealed inducible vitamin D receptor (VDR) and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) binding at an enhancer termed RL-D2 23 kb upstream of the Tnfsf11 TSS in osteoblastic ST2 cells. Herein, we use ChIP-seq analyses to confirm this finding and then delete this enhancer from the mouse genome to determine its physiological role in vivo. RL-D2(-/-) primary stromal cells showed decreased RANKL-induction by both forskolin and 1,25(OH)2D3 ex vivo. Consistent with this, the parathyroid hormone (PTH) induction of RANKL expression was significantly blunted in RL-D2(-/-) mice in vivo. In contrast, lack of RL-D2 had no effect on 1,25(OH)2D3 induction of RANKL in vivo. Similar to the results found in RL-D5(-/-) mice, lack of RL-D2 led to decreased skeletal RANKL expression, resulting in decreased osteoclast numbers and a progressive increase in bone mineral density. Lack of RL-D2 increased cancellous bone mass in femur and spine but did not alter femoral cortical bone thickness. These results highlight the role of distal enhancers in the regulation of RANKL expression by PTH and perhaps 1,25(OH)2D3 and suggest that the RL-D2 and RL-D5 enhancers contribute in either an additive or synergistic manner to regulate bone remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melda Onal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Hillary C St John
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Allison L Danielson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J Wesley Pike
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Onal M, St John HC, Danielson AL, Markert JW, Riley EM, Pike JW. Unique Distal Enhancers Linked to the Mouse Tnfsf11 Gene Direct Tissue-Specific and Inflammation-Induced Expression of RANKL. Endocrinology 2016; 157:482-96. [PMID: 26646205 PMCID: PMC4733116 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) is expressed by a number of cell types to participate in diverse physiological functions. We have previously identified 10 distal RANKL enhancers. Earlier studies have shown that RL-D5 is a multifunctional RANKL enhancer. Deletion of RL-D5 from the mouse genome leads to lower skeletal and lymphoid tissue RANKL, causing a high bone mass phenotype. Herein, we determine the physiological role and lineage specificity of 2 additional RANKL enhancers, RL-D6 and RL-T1, which are located 83 and 123 kb upstream of the gene's transcriptional start site, respectively. Lack of RL-D6 or RL-T1 did not alter skeletal RANKL or bone mineral density up to 48 weeks of age. Although both RL-D5 and RL-T1 contributed to activation induction of T-cell RANKL, RL-T1 knockout mice had drastically low lymphocyte and lymphoid tissue RANKL levels, indicating that RL-T1 is the major regulator of lymphocyte RANKL. Moreover, RL-T1 knockout mice had lower circulating soluble RANKL, suggesting that lymphocytes are important sources of circulating soluble RANKL. Under physiological conditions, lack of RL-D6 did not alter RANKL expression. However, lack of RL-D5 or RL-D6, but not of RL-T1, blunted the oncostatin M and lipopolysaccharide induction of RANKL ex vivo and in vivo, suggesting that RL-D5 and RL-D6 coregulate the inflammation-mediated induction of RANKL in osteocytes and osteoblasts while lack of RL-D6 did not alter secondary hyperparathyroidism or lactation induction of RANKL or bone loss. These results suggest that although RL-D5 mediates RANKL expression in multiple lineages, other cell type- or factor-specific enhancers are required for its appropriate control, demonstrating the cell type-specific and complex regulation of RANKL expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Onal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - H C St John
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - A L Danielson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - J W Markert
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - E M Riley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - J W Pike
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Over the past decade, a series of discoveries relating to fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) — immunologically specialized myofibroblasts found in lymphoid tissue — has promoted these cells from benign bystanders to major players in the immune response. In this Review, we focus on recent advances regarding the immunobiology of lymph node-derived FRCs, presenting an updated view of crucial checkpoints during their development and their dynamic control of lymph node expansion and contraction during infection. We highlight the robust effects of FRCs on systemic B cell and T cell responses, and we present an emerging view of FRCs as drivers of pathology following acute and chronic viral infections. Lastly, we review emerging therapeutic advances that harness the immunoregulatory properties of FRCs.
Collapse
|
28
|
Onal M, Bishop KA, St John HC, Danielson AL, Riley EM, Piemontese M, Xiong J, Goellner JJ, O'Brien CA, Pike JW. A DNA segment spanning the mouse Tnfsf11 transcription unit and its upstream regulatory domain rescues the pleiotropic biologic phenotype of the RANKL null mouse. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:855-68. [PMID: 25431114 PMCID: PMC5240630 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) is a TNFα-like cytokine that is produced by a diverse set of lineage-specific cells and is involved in a wide variety of physiological processes that include skeletal remodeling, lymph node organogenesis, mammary gland development, and thermal regulation. Consistent with these diverse functions, control of RANKL expression is accomplished in a cell-specific fashion via a set of at least 10 regulatory enhancers that are located up to 170 kb upstream of the gene's transcriptional start site. Here we examined the in vivo consequence of introducing a contiguous DNA segment containing these components into a genetically deleted RANKL null mouse strain. In contrast to RANKL null littermates, null mice containing the transgene exhibited normalized body size, skeletal development, and bone mass as well as normal bone marrow cavities, normalized spleen weights, and the presence of developed lymph nodes. These mice also manifested normalized reproductive capacity, including the ability to lactate and to produce normal healthy litters. Consistent with this, the transgene restored endogenous-like RANKL transcript levels in several RANKL-expressing tissues. Most importantly, restoration of RANKL expression from this segment of DNA was fully capable of rescuing the complex aberrant skeletal and immune phenotype of the RANKL null mouse. RANKL also restored appropriate levels of B220+ IgM+ and B220+ IgD+ B cells in spleen. Finally, we found that RANKL expression from this transgene was regulated by exogenously administered 1,25(OH)2 D3 , parathyroid hormone (PTH), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), thus recapitulating the ability of these same factors to regulate the endogenous gene. These findings fully highlight the properties of the Tnfsf11 gene locus predicted through previous in vitro dissection. We conclude that the mouse Tnfsf11 gene locus identified originally through unbiased chromatin immunoprecipitation with DNA microarray (ChIP-chip) analysis contains the necessary genetic information to direct appropriate tissue-specific and factor-regulated RANKL expression in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melda Onal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lézot F, Chesneau J, Navet B, Gobin B, Amiaud J, Choi Y, Yagita H, Castaneda B, Berdal A, Mueller CG, Rédini F, Heymann D. Skeletal consequences of RANKL-blocking antibody (IK22-5) injections during growth: mouse strain disparities and synergic effect with zoledronic acid. Bone 2015; 73:51-9. [PMID: 25532478 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
High doses of bone resorption inhibitors are currently under evaluation in pediatric oncology. Previous works have evidenced transient arrest in long bone and skull bone growth and tooth eruption blockage when mice were treated with zoledronic acid (ZOL). The question of potential similar effects with a RANKL-blocking antibody (IK22.5) was raised. Sensitivity disparities in these inhibitors between mouse strains and synergic effects of zoledronic acid and a RANKL-blocking antibody were subsidiary questions. In order to answer these questions, newborn C57BL/6J and CD1 mice were injected every two or three days (4 injections in total so 7 or 10 days of treatment length) with high doses of a RANKL-blocking antibody. The consequences on the tibia, craniofacial bones and teeth were analyzed by μCT and histology at the end of the treatment and one, two and three months later. The results obtained showed that RANKL-blocking antibody injections induced a transient arrest of tibia and skull bone growth and an irreversible blockage of tooth eruption in C57BL/6J mice. In CD1 mice, tooth eruption defects were also present but only at much higher doses. Similar mouse strain differences were obtained with zoledronic acid. Finally, a synergic effect of the two inhibitors was evidenced. In conclusion as previously observed for bisphosphonates (ZOL), a RANKL-blocking antibody induced a transient arrest in long bone and skull bone growth and a blockage of tooth eruption with however disparities between mouse strains with regard to this last effect. A synergic effect of both bone resorption inhibitors was also demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Lézot
- INSERM, UMR-957, Equipe Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2012, Nantes F-44035, France; Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire de physiopathologie de la résorption osseuse et thérapie des tumeurs osseuses primitives, Nantes F-44035, France.
| | - Julie Chesneau
- INSERM, UMR-957, Equipe Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2012, Nantes F-44035, France; Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire de physiopathologie de la résorption osseuse et thérapie des tumeurs osseuses primitives, Nantes F-44035, France
| | - Benjamin Navet
- INSERM, UMR-957, Equipe Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2012, Nantes F-44035, France; Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire de physiopathologie de la résorption osseuse et thérapie des tumeurs osseuses primitives, Nantes F-44035, France
| | - Bérengère Gobin
- INSERM, UMR-957, Equipe Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2012, Nantes F-44035, France; Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire de physiopathologie de la résorption osseuse et thérapie des tumeurs osseuses primitives, Nantes F-44035, France
| | - Jérome Amiaud
- INSERM, UMR-957, Equipe Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2012, Nantes F-44035, France; Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire de physiopathologie de la résorption osseuse et thérapie des tumeurs osseuses primitives, Nantes F-44035, France
| | - YongWon Choi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Hideo Yagita
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Beatriz Castaneda
- INSERM, UMR-1138, Equipe 5, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris F-75006 France; Department of Basic Studies, Faculty of Odontology, University of Antioquia, Medellin AA 1226, Colombia
| | - Ariane Berdal
- INSERM, UMR-1138, Equipe 5, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris F-75006 France
| | - Christopher G Mueller
- CNRS, UPR-9021, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IBMC), Laboratoire Immunologie et Chimie Thérapeutiques, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg F-67084, France
| | - Françoise Rédini
- INSERM, UMR-957, Equipe Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2012, Nantes F-44035, France; Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire de physiopathologie de la résorption osseuse et thérapie des tumeurs osseuses primitives, Nantes F-44035, France
| | - Dominique Heymann
- INSERM, UMR-957, Equipe Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2012, Nantes F-44035, France; Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire de physiopathologie de la résorption osseuse et thérapie des tumeurs osseuses primitives, Nantes F-44035, France
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Figgett WA, Vincent FB, Saulep-Easton D, Mackay F. Roles of ligands from the TNF superfamily in B cell development, function, and regulation. Semin Immunol 2014; 26:191-202. [PMID: 24996229 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Most ligands from the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily play very important roles in the immune system, and particularly so in B lymphocyte biology. TNF ligands are essential to many aspects of normal B cell biology from development in the bone marrow to maturation in the periphery as well as for activation and differentiation into germinal centre, memory or plasma cells. TNF ligands also influence other aspects of B cell biology such as their ability to present antigens or regulate immune responses. Importantly, inadequate regulation of many TNF ligands is associated with B cell disorders including autoimmunity and cancers. As a result, inhibitors of a number of TNF ligands have been tested in the clinic, with some becoming very successful approved treatments alleviating B cell-mediated pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William A Figgett
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Central Clinical School, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct (AMREP), Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Fabien B Vincent
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Central Clinical School, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct (AMREP), Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Damien Saulep-Easton
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Central Clinical School, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct (AMREP), Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Fabienne Mackay
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Central Clinical School, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct (AMREP), Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Jarjour M, Jorquera A, Mondor I, Wienert S, Narang P, Coles MC, Klauschen F, Bajénoff M. Fate mapping reveals origin and dynamics of lymph node follicular dendritic cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:1109-22. [PMID: 24863064 PMCID: PMC4042641 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20132409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The lymph node follicular dendritic cell (FDC) network is derived from the expansion and differentiation of marginal reticular cells, as are the new FDCs generated during an immune response. Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) regulate B cell function and development of high affinity antibody responses but little is known about their biology. FDCs associate in intricate cellular networks within secondary lymphoid organs. In vitro and ex vivo methods, therefore, allow only limited understanding of the genuine immunobiology of FDCs in their native habitat. Herein, we used various multicolor fate mapping systems to investigate the ontogeny and dynamics of lymph node (LN) FDCs in situ. We show that LN FDC networks arise from the clonal expansion and differentiation of marginal reticular cells (MRCs), a population of lymphoid stromal cells lining the LN subcapsular sinus. We further demonstrate that during an immune response, FDCs accumulate in germinal centers and that neither the recruitment of circulating progenitors nor the division of local mature FDCs significantly contributes to this accumulation. Rather, we provide evidence that newly generated FDCs also arise from the proliferation and differentiation of MRCs, thus unraveling a critical function of this poorly defined stromal cell population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Jarjour
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille Université, UM2 Marseille, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR_S 1104 Marseille, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7280 Marseille, France Aix-Marseille Univ (AMU), F-13284 Marseille, France
| | - Audrey Jorquera
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille Université, UM2 Marseille, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR_S 1104 Marseille, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7280 Marseille, France Aix-Marseille Univ (AMU), F-13284 Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle Mondor
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille Université, UM2 Marseille, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR_S 1104 Marseille, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7280 Marseille, France Aix-Marseille Univ (AMU), F-13284 Marseille, France
| | - Stephan Wienert
- Institute of Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Priyanka Narang
- Center for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology and Hull York Medical School, University of York, YO10 5DD York, England, UK
| | - Mark C Coles
- Center for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology and Hull York Medical School, University of York, YO10 5DD York, England, UK
| | - Frederick Klauschen
- Institute of Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc Bajénoff
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille Université, UM2 Marseille, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR_S 1104 Marseille, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7280 Marseille, France Aix-Marseille Univ (AMU), F-13284 Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Pimenta EM, Barnes BJ. Role of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures (TLS) in Anti-Tumor Immunity: Potential Tumor-Induced Cytokines/Chemokines that Regulate TLS Formation in Epithelial-Derived Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:969-97. [PMID: 24762633 PMCID: PMC4074812 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6020969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the successes of monoclonal antibody immunotherapies (trastuzumab (Herceptin®) and rituximab (Rituxan®)) and the first approved cancer vaccine, Provenge® (sipuleucel-T), investigations into the immune system and how it can be modified by a tumor has become an exciting and promising new field of cancer research. Dozens of clinical trials for new antibodies, cancer and adjuvant vaccines, and autologous T and dendritic cell transfers are ongoing in hopes of identifying ways to re-awaken the immune system and force an anti-tumor response. To date, however, few consistent, reproducible, or clinically-relevant effects have been shown using vaccine or autologous cell transfers due in part to the fact that the immunosuppressive mechanisms of the tumor have not been overcome. Much of the research focus has been on re-activating or priming cytotoxic T cells to recognize tumor, in some cases completely disregarding the potential roles that B cells play in immune surveillance or how a solid tumor should be treated to maximize immunogenicity. Here, we will summarize what is currently known about the induction or evasion of humoral immunity via tumor-induced cytokine/chemokine expression and how formation of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) within the tumor microenvironment may be used to enhance immunotherapy response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica M Pimenta
- Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, New Jersey Medical School-Cancer Center, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
| | - Betsy J Barnes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, New Jersey Medical School-Cancer Center, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Multifunctional roles of reticular fibroblastic cells: more than meets the eye? J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:402038. [PMID: 24829927 PMCID: PMC4009236 DOI: 10.1155/2014/402038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) are stromal cells found in secondary lymphoid organ. Despite its structural function in the lymph nodes being well established, recent studies indicate that the FRCs also play a key role in immunological processes, associated with cell transit, immune response, and cells activation quality, and contribute to peripheral tolerance. To this end, we focus this review on lymph nodes FRC characterization and discuss functional aspects such as production of cytokines and chemokines and their involvement in the immune response, seeking to establish whether certain subsets have a more functional specialization.
Collapse
|
34
|
Trapping of naive lymphocytes triggers rapid growth and remodeling of the fibroblast network in reactive murine lymph nodes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 111:E109-18. [PMID: 24367096 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1312585111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive immunity is initiated in T-cell zones of secondary lymphoid organs. These zones are organized in a rigid 3D network of fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) that are a rich cytokine source. In response to lymph-borne antigens, draining lymph nodes (LNs) expand several folds in size, but the fate and role of the FRC network during immune response is not fully understood. Here we show that T-cell responses are accompanied by the rapid activation and growth of FRCs, leading to an expanded but similarly organized network of T-zone FRCs that maintains its vital function for lymphocyte trafficking and survival. In addition, new FRC-rich environments were observed in the expanded medullary cords. FRCs are activated within hours after the onset of inflammation in the periphery. Surprisingly, FRC expansion depends mainly on trapping of naïve lymphocytes that is induced by both migratory and resident dendritic cells. Inflammatory signals are not required as homeostatic T-cell proliferation was sufficient to trigger FRC expansion. Activated lymphocytes are also dispensable for this process, but can enhance the later growth phase. Thus, this study documents the surprising plasticity as well as the complex regulation of FRC networks allowing the rapid LN hyperplasia that is critical for mounting efficient adaptive immunity.
Collapse
|
35
|
Coles M, Veiga-Fernandes H. Insight into lymphoid tissue morphogenesis. Immunol Lett 2013; 156:46-53. [PMID: 23954810 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Secondary lymphoid organs (SLO) are crucial structures for immune-surveillance and rapid immune responses allowing resident lymphocytes to encounter antigen-presenting cells that carry antigens from peripheral tissues. These structures develop during embryonic life through a tightly regulated process that involves interactions between haematopoietic and mesenchymal cells. Importantly, this morphogenesis potential is maintained throughout life since in chronic inflammatory conditions novel "tertiary lymphoid organs" can be generated by processes that are reminiscent of embryonic SLO development. In this review we will discuss early events in SLO morphogenesis, focusing on haematopoietic and mesenchymal cell subsets implicated on the development of lymphoid organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Coles
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology and Hull York Medical School, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Serum osteoprotegerin is markedly increased and may contribute to decreased blood T cell count in hemodialysis patients. Int Urol Nephrol 2013; 45:1671-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11255-012-0371-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
37
|
Brendolan A, Caamaño JH. Mesenchymal cell differentiation during lymph node organogenesis. Front Immunol 2012; 3:381. [PMID: 23248630 PMCID: PMC3522075 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary lymphoid tissues such as lymph nodes are essential for the interactions between antigen presenting cells and lymphocytes that result in adaptive immune responses that protect the host against invading pathogens. The specialized architecture of these organs facilitates the cognate interactions between antigen-loaded dendritic cells and lymphocytes expressing their specific receptor as well as B-T cell interactions that are at the core of long lasting adaptive immune responses. Lymph nodes develop during embryogenesis as a result of a series of cross-talk interactions between a hematopoietically derived cell lineage called lymphoid tissue inducer cells and stromal cells of mesenchymal origin to form the anlagen of these organs. This review will present an overview of the different signaling pathways and maturation steps that mesenchymal cells undergo during the process of lymph node formation such as cell specification, priming, and maturation to become lymphoid tissue stromal organizer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Brendolan
- Division of Molecular Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mueller CG, Hess E. Emerging Functions of RANKL in Lymphoid Tissues. Front Immunol 2012; 3:261. [PMID: 22969763 PMCID: PMC3432452 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) members play pivotal roles in embryonic development of lymphoid tissue and their homeostasis. RANKL (Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand, also called TRANCE, TNFSF11) is recognized as an important player in bone homeostasis and lymphoid tissue formation. In its absence bone mass control is deregulated and lymph nodes fail to develop. While its function in bone is well described, there is still little functional insight into the action of RANKL in lymphoid tissue development and homeostasis. Here we provide an overview of the known functions of RANKL, its signaling receptor RANK and its decoy receptor OPG from the perspective of lymphoid tissue development and immune activation in the mouse. Expressed by the hematopoietic lymphoid tissue inducing (LTi) cells and the mesenchymal lymphoid tissue organizer (LTo) cells, RANKL was shown to stimulate Lymphotoxin (LT) expression and to be implicated in LTi cell accumulation. Our recent finding that RANKL also triggers proliferation of adult lymph node stroma suggests that RANKL may furthermore directly activate LTo cells. Beyond bone, the RANKL-RANK-OPG triad plays important roles in immunobiology that are waiting to be unraveled.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Mueller
- CNRS, Laboratory of Therapeutic Immunology and Chemistry, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, University of Strasbourg Strasbourg, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Liu S, Shi W, Xiao H, Liang X, Deng C, Ye Z, Mei P, Wang S, Liu X, Shan Z, Liang Y, Zhang B, Wang W, Liu Y, Xu L, Xia Y, Ma J, Li Z. Receptor activator of NF-kappaB and podocytes: towards a function of a novel receptor-ligand pair in the survival response of podocyte injury. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41331. [PMID: 22848465 PMCID: PMC3405116 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glomerulosclerosis correlates with reduction in podocyte number that occurs through mechanisms which include apoptosis. Podocyte injury or podocyte loss in the renal glomerulus has been proposed as the crucial mechanism in the development of glomerulosclerosis. However, the mechanism by which podocytes respond to injury is poorly understood. TNF and TNF receptor superfamilies are important in the pathogenesis of podocyte injury and apoptosis. The ligand of receptor activator of NF-kappaB (RANKL) and receptor activator of NF-kappaB (RANK) are members of the TNF and receptor superfamilies. We investigated whether RANK-RANKL is a receptor-ligand complex for podocytes responding to injury. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, RANKL and RANK were examined in human podocyte diseases and a rat model of puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis (PAN). Compared with controls, RANK and RANKL were increased in both human podocyte diseases and the rat PAN model; double immunofluorescence staining revealed that RANK protein expression was mainly attributed to podocytes. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that RANK was localized predominantly at the top of the foot process membrane and the cytoplasm of rat podocyte. In addition, RANK was upregulated in mouse podocytes in vitro after injury induced by puromycin aminonucleoside (PA). Knockdown of RANK expression by small interference RNA (siRNA) exacerbated podocyte apoptosis induced by PA. However, RANKL inhibited significantly the apoptosis of podocytes induced by PA. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These findings suggest the increase in RANK-RANKL expression is a response to podocyte injury, and RANK-RANKL may be a novel receptor-ligand complex for the survival response during podocyte injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangxin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Houqin Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinling Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunyu Deng
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiming Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Mei
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Suxia Wang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhixin Shan
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongzheng Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjian Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanhui Liu
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lixia Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunfeng Xia
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianchao Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhilian Li
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|