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Chen Y, Xiao L, Zhou M, Zhang H. The microbiota: a crucial mediator in gut homeostasis and colonization resistance. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1417864. [PMID: 39165572 PMCID: PMC11333231 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1417864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a complex and diverse community of microorganisms that colonizes the human gastrointestinal tract and influences various aspects of human health. These microbes are closely related to enteric infections. As a foreign entity for the host, commensal microbiota is restricted and regulated by the barrier and immune system in the gut and contributes to gut homeostasis. Commensals also effectively resist the colonization of pathogens and the overgrowth of indigenous pathobionts by utilizing a variety of mechanisms, while pathogens have developed strategies to subvert colonization resistance. Dysbiosis of the microbial community can lead to enteric infections. The microbiota acts as a pivotal mediator in establishing a harmonious mutualistic symbiosis with the host and shielding the host against pathogens. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms underlying host-microbiome and microbiome-pathogen interactions, highlighting the multi-faceted roles of the gut microbiota in preventing enteric infections. We also discuss the applications of manipulating the microbiota to treat infectious diseases in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiding Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Tianfu Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Tianfu Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Tianfu Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Tianfu Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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2
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Rodriguez-Carlos A, Raúl A, Jacobo-Delgado YM, Serrano CJ, Santos-Mena A, De Jesus-Gonzalez LA, Boix E, Rivas-Santiago B. Drug repositioning identifies histone deacetylase inhibitors that promote innate immunity in non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection. Can J Microbiol 2024; 70:252-261. [PMID: 38855942 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2023-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Non-tuberculosis infections in immunocompromised patients represent a cause for concern, given the increased risks of infection, and limited treatments available. Herein, we report that molecules for binding to the catalytic site of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibit its activity, thus increasing the innate immune response against environmental mycobacteria. The action of HDAC inhibitors (iHDACs) was explored in a model of type II pneumocytes and macrophages infection by Mycobacterium aurum. The results show that the use of 1,3-diphenylurea increases the expression of the TLR-4 in M. aurum infected MDMs, as well as the production of defb4, IL-1β, IL-12, and IL-6. Moreover, we observed that aminoacetanilide upregulates the expression of TLR-4 together with TLR-9, defb4, CAMP, RNase 6, RNase 7, IL-1β, IL-12, and IL-6 in T2P. Results conclude that the tested iHDACs selectively modulate the expression of cytokines and antimicrobial peptides that are associated with reduction of non-tuberculous mycobacteria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Rodriguez-Carlos
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security-IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Anguita Raúl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Judith Serrano
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security-IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Alan Santos-Mena
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security-IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | | | - Ester Boix
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Bruno Rivas-Santiago
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security-IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico
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3
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Sharma SA, Oladejo SO, Kuang Z. Chemical interplay between gut microbiota and epigenetics: Implications in circadian biology. Cell Chem Biol 2024:S2451-9456(24)00178-8. [PMID: 38776923 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2024.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are intrinsic molecular mechanisms that synchronize biological functions with the day/night cycle. The mammalian gut is colonized by a myriad of microbes, collectively named the gut microbiota. The microbiota impacts host physiology via metabolites and structural components. A key mechanism is the modulation of host epigenetic pathways, especially histone modifications. An increasing number of studies indicate the role of the microbiota in regulating host circadian rhythms. However, the mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we summarize studies on microbial regulation of host circadian rhythms and epigenetic pathways, highlight recent findings on how the microbiota employs host epigenetic machinery to regulate circadian rhythms, and discuss its impacts on host physiology, particularly immune and metabolic functions. We further describe current challenges and resources that could facilitate research on microbiota-epigenetic-circadian rhythm interactions to advance our knowledge of circadian disorders and possible therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samskrathi Aravinda Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Sarah Olanrewaju Oladejo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Zheng Kuang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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4
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Volk-Draper L, Athaiya S, Espinosa Gonzalez M, Bhattarai N, Wilber A, Ran S. Tumor microenvironment restricts IL-10 induced multipotent progenitors to myeloid-lymphatic phenotype. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298465. [PMID: 38640116 PMCID: PMC11029653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphangiogenesis is induced by local pro-lymphatic growth factors and bone marrow (BM)-derived myeloid-lymphatic endothelial cell progenitors (M-LECP). We previously showed that M-LECP play a significant role in lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis in clinical breast cancer (BC) and experimental BC models. We also showed that differentiation of mouse and human M-LECP can be induced through sequential activation of colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) and Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) pathways. This treatment activates the autocrine interleukin-10 (IL-10) pathway that, in turn, induces myeloid immunosuppressive M2 phenotype along with lymphatic-specific proteins. Because IL-10 is implicated in differentiation of numerous lineages, we sought to determine whether this pathway specifically promotes the lymphatic phenotype or multipotent progenitors that can give rise to M-LECP among other lineages. Analyses of BM cells activated either by CSF-1/TLR4 ligands in vitro or orthotopic breast tumors in vivo showed expansion of stem/progenitor population and coincident upregulation of markers for at least four lineages including M2-macrophage, lymphatic endothelial, erythroid, and T-cells. Induction of cell plasticity and multipotency was IL-10 dependent as indicated by significant reduction of stem cell markers and those for multiple lineages in differentiated cells treated with anti-IL-10 receptor (IL-10R) antibody or derived from IL-10R knockout mice. However, multipotent CD11b+/Lyve-1+/Ter-119+/CD3e+ progenitors detected in BM appeared to split into a predominant myeloid-lymphatic fraction and minor subsets expressing erythroid and T-cell markers upon establishing tumor residence. Each sub-population was detected at a distinct intratumoral site. This study provides direct evidence for differences in maturation status between the BM progenitors and those reaching tumor destination. The study results suggest preferential tumor bias towards expansion of myeloid-lymphatic cells while underscoring the role of IL-10 in early BM production of multipotent progenitors that give rise to both hematopoietic and endothelial lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Volk-Draper
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States of America
| | - Shaswati Athaiya
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States of America
| | - Maria Espinosa Gonzalez
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States of America
| | - Nihit Bhattarai
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States of America
| | - Andrew Wilber
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States of America
- Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States of America
| | - Sophia Ran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States of America
- Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States of America
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5
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York AG, Skadow MH, Oh J, Qu R, Zhou QD, Hsieh WY, Mowel WK, Brewer JR, Kaffe E, Williams KJ, Kluger Y, Smale ST, Crawford JM, Bensinger SJ, Flavell RA. IL-10 constrains sphingolipid metabolism to limit inflammation. Nature 2024; 627:628-635. [PMID: 38383790 PMCID: PMC10954550 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07098-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a key anti-inflammatory cytokine that can limit immune cell activation and cytokine production in innate immune cell types1. Loss of IL-10 signalling results in life-threatening inflammatory bowel disease in humans and mice-however, the exact mechanism by which IL-10 signalling subdues inflammation remains unclear2-5. Here we find that increased saturated very long chain (VLC) ceramides are critical for the heightened inflammatory gene expression that is a hallmark of IL-10 deficiency. Accordingly, genetic deletion of ceramide synthase 2 (encoded by Cers2), the enzyme responsible for VLC ceramide production, limited the exacerbated inflammatory gene expression programme associated with IL-10 deficiency both in vitro and in vivo. The accumulation of saturated VLC ceramides was regulated by a decrease in metabolic flux through the de novo mono-unsaturated fatty acid synthesis pathway. Restoring mono-unsaturated fatty acid availability to cells deficient in IL-10 signalling limited saturated VLC ceramide production and the associated inflammation. Mechanistically, we find that persistent inflammation mediated by VLC ceramides is largely dependent on sustained activity of REL, an immuno-modulatory transcription factor. Together, these data indicate that an IL-10-driven fatty acid desaturation programme rewires VLC ceramide accumulation and aberrant activation of REL. These studies support the idea that fatty acid homeostasis in innate immune cells serves as a key regulatory node to control pathologic inflammation and suggests that 'metabolic correction' of VLC homeostasis could be an important strategy to normalize dysregulated inflammation caused by the absence of IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Autumn G York
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Mathias H Skadow
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joonseok Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Institute of Biomolecular Design and Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rihao Qu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Quan D Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wei-Yuan Hsieh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Walter K Mowel
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - J Richard Brewer
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Eleanna Kaffe
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kevin J Williams
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Lipidomics Laboratory, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuval Kluger
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stephen T Smale
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jason M Crawford
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Institute of Biomolecular Design and Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Steven J Bensinger
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- UCLA Lipidomics Laboratory, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Babbe H, Sundberg TB, Tichenor M, Seierstad M, Bacani G, Berstler J, Chai W, Chang L, Chung DM, Coe K, Collins B, Finley M, Guletsky A, Lemke CT, Mak PA, Mathur A, Mercado-Marin EV, Metkar S, Raymond DD, Rives ML, Rizzolio M, Shaffer PL, Smith R, Smith J, Steele R, Steffens H, Suarez J, Tian G, Majewski N, Volak LP, Wei J, Desai PT, Ong LL, Koudriakova T, Goldberg SD, Hirst G, Kaushik VK, Ort T, Seth N, Graham DB, Plevy S, Venable JD, Xavier RJ, Towne JE. Identification of highly selective SIK1/2 inhibitors that modulate innate immune activation and suppress intestinal inflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2307086120. [PMID: 38147543 PMCID: PMC10769863 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307086120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The salt-inducible kinases (SIK) 1-3 are key regulators of pro- versus anti-inflammatory cytokine responses during innate immune activation. The lack of highly SIK-family or SIK isoform-selective inhibitors suitable for repeat, oral dosing has limited the study of the optimal SIK isoform selectivity profile for suppressing inflammation in vivo. To overcome this challenge, we devised a structure-based design strategy for developing potent SIK inhibitors that are highly selective against other kinases by engaging two differentiating features of the SIK catalytic site. This effort resulted in SIK1/2-selective probes that inhibit key intracellular proximal signaling events including reducing phosphorylation of the SIK substrate cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) regulated transcription coactivator 3 (CRTC3) as detected with an internally generated phospho-Ser329-CRTC3-specific antibody. These inhibitors also suppress production of pro-inflammatory cytokines while inducing anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 in activated human and murine myeloid cells and in mice following a lipopolysaccharide challenge. Oral dosing of these compounds ameliorates disease in a murine colitis model. These findings define an approach to generate highly selective SIK1/2 inhibitors and establish that targeting these isoforms may be a useful strategy to suppress pathological inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Babbe
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., Spring House, PA19477
| | - Thomas B. Sundberg
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA02142
| | - Mark Tichenor
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., San Diego, CA92121
| | - Mark Seierstad
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., San Diego, CA92121
| | - Genesis Bacani
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., San Diego, CA92121
| | - James Berstler
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA02142
| | - Wenying Chai
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., San Diego, CA92121
| | - Leon Chang
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., San Diego, CA92121
| | | | - Kevin Coe
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., San Diego, CA92121
| | | | - Michael Finley
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., Spring House, PA19477
| | - Alexander Guletsky
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA02142
| | - Christopher T. Lemke
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA02142
| | - Puiying A. Mak
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., San Diego, CA92121
| | - Ashok Mathur
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., Spring House, PA19477
| | | | - Shailesh Metkar
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA02142
| | - Donald D. Raymond
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA02142
| | | | | | - Paul L. Shaffer
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., Spring House, PA19477
| | - Russell Smith
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., San Diego, CA92121
| | | | - Ruth Steele
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., Spring House, PA19477
| | | | - Javier Suarez
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., Spring House, PA19477
| | - Gaochao Tian
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., Spring House, PA19477
| | - Nathan Majewski
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., Spring House, PA19477
| | | | - Jianmei Wei
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., San Diego, CA92121
| | - Prerak T. Desai
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., Spring House, PA19477
| | - Luvena L. Ong
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., Spring House, PA19477
| | | | | | - Gavin Hirst
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., San Diego, CA92121
| | - Virendar K. Kaushik
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA02142
| | - Tatiana Ort
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., Spring House, PA19477
| | - Nilufer Seth
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., Spring House, PA19477
| | - Daniel B. Graham
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA02114
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA02114
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA02142
| | - Scott Plevy
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., Spring House, PA19477
| | | | - Ramnik J. Xavier
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA02114
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA02114
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA02142
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7
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Hoffner O’Connor M, Berglind A, Kennedy Ng MM, Keith BP, Lynch ZJ, Schaner MR, Steinbach EC, Herzog J, Trad OK, Jeck WR, Arthur JC, Simon JM, Sartor RB, Furey TS, Sheikh SZ. BET Protein Inhibition Regulates Macrophage Chromatin Accessibility and Microbiota-Dependent Colitis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:856966. [PMID: 35401533 PMCID: PMC8988134 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.856966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In colitis, macrophage functionality is altered compared to normal homeostatic conditions. Loss of IL-10 signaling results in an inappropriate chronic inflammatory response to bacterial stimulation. It remains unknown if inhibition of bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins alters usage of DNA regulatory elements responsible for driving inflammatory gene expression. We determined if the BET inhibitor, (+)-JQ1, could suppress inflammatory activation of macrophages in Il10-/- mice. Methods We performed ATAC-seq and RNA-seq on Il10-/- bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) cultured in the presence and absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with and without treatment with (+)-JQ1 and evaluated changes in chromatin accessibility and gene expression. Germ-free Il10-/- mice were treated with (+)-JQ1, colonized with fecal slurries and underwent histological and molecular evaluation 14-days post colonization. Results Treatment with (+)-JQ1 suppressed LPS-induced changes in chromatin at distal regulatory elements associated with inflammatory genes, particularly in regions that contain motifs for AP-1 and IRF transcription factors. This resulted in attenuation of inflammatory gene expression. Treatment with (+)-JQ1 in vivo resulted in a mild reduction in colitis severity as compared with vehicle-treated mice. Conclusion We identified the mechanism of action associated with a new class of compounds that may mitigate aberrant macrophage responses to bacteria in colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Hoffner O’Connor
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Genetics, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ana Berglind
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Genetics, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Meaghan M. Kennedy Ng
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Genetics, Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Benjamin P. Keith
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Genetics, Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Zachary J. Lynch
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Matthew R. Schaner
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Erin C. Steinbach
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jeremy Herzog
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Omar K. Trad
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - William R. Jeck
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Janelle C. Arthur
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jeremy M. Simon
- Department of Genetics, Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Carolina Institute for Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - R. Balfour Sartor
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Terrence S. Furey
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Genetics, Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Shehzad Z. Sheikh
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Genetics, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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8
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Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is continuously exposed to trillions of commensal microbes, collectively termed the microbiota, which are environmental stimuli that can direct health and disease within the host. In addition to well-established bacterial sensing pathways, microbial signals are also integrated through epigenetic modifications that calibrate the transcriptional program of host cells without altering the underlying genetic code. Microbiota-sensitive epigenetic changes include modifications to the DNA or histones, as well as regulation of non-coding RNAs. While microbiota-sensitive epigenetic mechanisms have been described in both local intestinal cells and as well in peripheral tissues, further research is required to fully decipher the complex relationship between the host and microbiota. This Review highlights current understandings of epigenetic regulation by gut microbiota and important implications of these findings in guiding therapeutic approaches to prevent or combat diseases driven by impaired microbiota-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivienne Woo
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Theresa Alenghat
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA,CONTACT Theresa Alenghat Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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9
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Godoy-Tena G, Ballestar E. Epigenetics of Dendritic Cells in Tumor Immunology. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051179. [PMID: 35267487 PMCID: PMC8909611 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells with the distinctive property of inducing the priming and differentiation of naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells into helper and cytotoxic effector T cells to develop efficient tumor-immune responses. DCs display pathogenic and tumorigenic antigens on their surface through major histocompatibility complexes to directly influence the differentiation of T cells. Cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), including cancer cells and other immune-infiltrated cells, can lead DCs to acquire an immune-tolerogenic phenotype that facilitates tumor progression. Epigenetic alterations contribute to cancer development, not only by directly affecting cancer cells, but also by their fundamental role in the differentiation of DCs that acquire a tolerogenic phenotype that, in turn, suppresses T cell-mediated responses. In this review, we focus on the epigenetic regulation of DCs that have infiltrated the TME and discuss how knowledge of the epigenetic control of DCs can be used to improve DC-based vaccines for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Godoy-Tena
- Epigenetics and Immune Disease Group, Josep Carreras Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Esteban Ballestar
- Epigenetics and Immune Disease Group, Josep Carreras Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Barcelona, Spain;
- Epigenetics in Inflammatory and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, Health Science Center (HSC), East China Normal University (ECNU), Shanghai 200241, China
- Correspondence:
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10
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Rahabi M, Salon M, Bruno-Bonnet C, Prat M, Jacquemin G, Benmoussa K, Alaeddine M, Parny M, Bernad J, Bertrand B, Auffret Y, Robert-Jolimaître P, Alric L, Authier H, Coste A. Bioactive fish collagen peptides weaken intestinal inflammation by orienting colonic macrophages phenotype through mannose receptor activation. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:2051-2066. [PMID: 34999930 PMCID: PMC9106617 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02787-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Particular interest is now given to the potential of dietary supplements as alternative non-pharmacological approaches in intestinal inflammation handling. In this aim, this study evaluates the efficiency of fish collagen peptides, Naticol®Gut, on colonic inflammation. METHODS Wild type and Mannose receptor-deficient in the myeloid lineage C57BL/6 mice were administered with Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS), Naticol®Gut, DSS, and Naticol®Gut or only water for 4 or 8 days. Inflammatory status was evaluated by establishing macroscopic and microscopic scores, by measuring cytokine and calprotectin production by ELISA and the myeloperoxidase activity by chemiluminescence. Colonic macrophages were phenotyped by measuring mRNA levels of specific markers of inflammation and oxidative status. Colonic immune populations and T-cell activation profiles were determined by flow cytometry. Mucosa-associated gut microbiota assessment was undertaken by qPCR. The phenotype of human blood monocytes from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) subjects was characterized by RT-qPCR and flow cytometry and their oxidative activity by chemiluminescence. RESULTS Naticol®Gut-treated DSS mice showed attenuated colonic inflammation compared to mice that were only exposed to DSS. Naticol®Gut activity was displayed through its ability to orient the polarization of colonic macrophage towards an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant phenotype after its recognition by the mannose receptor. Subsequently, Naticol®Gut delivery modulated CD4 T cells in favor of a Th2 response and dampened CD8 T-cell activation. This immunomodulation resulted in an intestinal eubiosis. In human monocytes from IBD subjects, the treatment with Naticol®Gut also restored an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant phenotype. CONCLUSION Naticol®Gut acts as a protective agent against colitis appearing as a new functional food and an innovative and complementary approach in gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Rahabi
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France.,RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, EFS, ENVT, Université P. Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Weishardt International, Rond-Point Georges Jolimaître, BP 259, 81305, Graulhet, France
| | - Marie Salon
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France.,RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, EFS, ENVT, Université P. Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Weishardt International, Rond-Point Georges Jolimaître, BP 259, 81305, Graulhet, France
| | | | - Mélissa Prat
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Godefroy Jacquemin
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France.,RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, EFS, ENVT, Université P. Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Khaddouj Benmoussa
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France.,RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, EFS, ENVT, Université P. Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Mohamad Alaeddine
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Mélissa Parny
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France.,RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, EFS, ENVT, Université P. Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - José Bernad
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Bénédicte Bertrand
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France.,RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, EFS, ENVT, Université P. Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Yannick Auffret
- Weishardt International, Rond-Point Georges Jolimaître, BP 259, 81305, Graulhet, France
| | | | - Laurent Alric
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France.,RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, EFS, ENVT, Université P. Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Department of Internal Medicine and Digestive Diseases, Pôle Digestif, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Hélène Authier
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France.,RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, EFS, ENVT, Université P. Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Agnès Coste
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France. .,RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, EFS, ENVT, Université P. Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
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11
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Khandibharad S, Nimsarkar P, Singh S. Mechanobiology of immune cells: Messengers, receivers and followers in leishmaniasis aiding synthetic devices. CURRENT RESEARCH IN IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 3:186-198. [PMID: 36051499 PMCID: PMC9424266 DOI: 10.1016/j.crimmu.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are influential molecules which can direct cells behavior. In this review, cytokines are referred as messengers, immune cells which respond to cytokine stimulus are referred as receivers and the immune cells which gets modulated due to their plasticity induced by infectious pathogen leishmania, are referred as followers. The advantage of plasticity of cells is taken by the parasite to switch them from parasite eliminating form to parasite survival favoring form through a process called as reciprocity which is undergone by cytokines, wherein pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory switch occur rendering immune cell population to switch their phenotype. Detailed study of this switch can help in identification of important targets which can help in restoring the phenotype to parasite eliminating form and this can be done through synthetic circuit, finding its wider applicability in therapeutics. Cytokines as messengers for governing reciprocity in infection. Leishmania induces reciprocity modulating the immune cells plasticity. Reciprocity of cytokines identifies important target for therapeutics. Therapeutic targets aiding the design of synthetic devices to combat infection.
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12
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Wright PB, McDonald E, Bravo-Blas A, Baer HM, Heawood A, Bain CC, Mowat AM, Clay SL, Robertson EV, Morton F, Nijjar JS, Ijaz UZ, Milling SWF, Gaya DR. The mannose receptor (CD206) identifies a population of colonic macrophages in health and inflammatory bowel disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19616. [PMID: 34608184 PMCID: PMC8490356 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98611-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the contribution of mononuclear phagocytes (MNP), which include monocyte-derived intestinal macrophages, to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), it is necessary to identify functionally-different MNP populations. We aimed to characterise intestinal macrophage populations in patients with IBD. We developed 12-parameter flow cytometry protocols to identify and human intestinal MNPs. We used these protocols to purify and characterize colonic macrophages from colonic tissue from patients with Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), or non-inflamed controls, in a cross-sectional study. We identify macrophage populations (CD45+CD64+ HLA-DR+) and describe two distinct subsets, differentiated by their expression of the mannose receptor, CD206. CD206+ macrophages expressed markers consistent with a mature phenotype: high levels of CD68 and CD163, higher transcription of IL-10 and lower expression of TREM1. CD206− macrophages appear to be less mature, with features more similar to their monocytic precursors. We identified and purified macrophage populations from human colon. These appear to be derived from a monocytic precursor with high CCR2 and low CD206 expression. As these cells mature, they acquire expression of IL-10, CD206, CD63, and CD168. Targeting the newly recruited monocyte-derived cells may represent a fruitful avenue to ameliorate chronic inflammation in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela B Wright
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Elizabeth McDonald
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Alberto Bravo-Blas
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Hannah M Baer
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Anna Heawood
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Calum C Bain
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Allan M Mowat
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Slater L Clay
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | | | - Fraser Morton
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Jagtar Singh Nijjar
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Umer Z Ijaz
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Simon W F Milling
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK.
| | - Daniel R Gaya
- Gastroenterology Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
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13
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Zhang S, Zhan L, Li X, Yang Z, Luo Y, Zhao H. Preclinical and clinical progress for HDAC as a putative target for epigenetic remodeling and functionality of immune cells. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:3381-3400. [PMID: 34512154 PMCID: PMC8416716 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.62001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic changes are difficult to reverse; thus, epigenetic aberrations, including changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs, with potential reversibility, have attracted attention as pharmaceutical targets. The current paradigm is that histone deacetylases (HDACs) regulate gene expression via deacetylation of histone and nonhistone proteins or by forming corepressor complexes with transcription factors. The emergence of epigenetic tools related to HDACs can be used as diagnostic and therapeutic markers. HDAC inhibitors that block specific or a series of HDACs have proven to be a powerful therapeutic treatment for immune-related diseases. Here, we summarize the various roles of HDACs and HDAC inhibitors in the development and function of innate and adaptive immune cells and their implications for various diseases and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Zhang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingjun Zhan
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Li
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhong Yang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yumin Luo
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiping Zhao
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China
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14
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Macrophages Impair TLR9 Agonist Antitumor Activity through Interacting with the Anti-PD-1 Antibody Fc Domain. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164081. [PMID: 34439233 PMCID: PMC8391891 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary We evaluated the contribution of macrophages to the effect of combinatorial immunotherapeutic treatments based on TLR9 stimulation (with CpG-ODNs) and PD-1 blockade in an ovarian cancer preclinical model. We observed a strong reduction in the antitumor efficacy of a TLR9 agonist upon anti-PD-1 antibody administration. Specifically, we found that TLR9-stimulated macrophages, through interacting with the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of the anti-PD-1 antibody, acquire an immunoregulatory phenotype leading to dampening of CpG-ODN antitumor effect. Since the stimulation of macrophage TLRs can be achieved not only by synthetic agonists but also by molecules present in the tumor microenvironment, the data we are presenting may represent another possible mechanism of anti-PD-1 antibody therapy resistance. Indeed, it is possible that when delivered as a monotherapy, anti-PD-1 antibody Fc domain may interact with macrophages in which TLR signaling has already been triggered by endogenous ligands, mirroring the biological effects described in the present study. Abstract Background. A combination of TLR9 agonists and an anti-PD-1 antibody has been reported to be effective in immunocompetent mice but the role of innate immunity has not yet been completely elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the contribution of the innate immune system to this combinatorial immunotherapeutic regimens using an immunodeficient mouse model in which the effector functions of innate immunity can clearly emerge without any interference from T lymphocytes. Methods. Athymic mice xenografted with IGROV-1 human ovarian cells, reported to be sensitive to TLR9 agonist therapy, were treated with cytosine–guanine (CpG)-oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), an anti-PD-1 antibody or their combination. Results. We found that PD-1 blockade dampened CpG-ODN antitumor activity. In vitro studies indicated that the interaction between the anti-PD-1 antibody fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain and macrophage Fc receptors caused these immune cells to acquire an immunoregulatory phenotype, contributing to a decrease in the efficacy of CpG-ODNs. Accordingly, in vivo macrophage depletion abrogated the detrimental effect exerted by the anti-PD-1 antibody. Conclusion. Our data suggest that if TLR signaling is active in macrophages, coadministration of an anti-PD-1 antibody can reprogram these immune cells towards a polarization state able to negatively affect the immune response and eventually promote tumor growth.
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15
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Role of Histone Deacetylases in Monocyte Function in Health and Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 180:1-47. [PMID: 33974124 DOI: 10.1007/112_2021_59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a family of 18 members that participate in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. In addition to histones, some HDACs also deacetylate transcription factors and specific cytoplasmic proteins.Monocytes, as part of the innate immune system, maintain tissue homeostasis and help fight infections and cancer. In these cells, HDACs are involved in multiple processes including proliferation, migration, differentiation, inflammatory response, infections, and tumorigenesis. Here, a systematic description of the role that most HDACs play in these functions is reviewed. Specifically, some HDACs induce a pro-inflammatory response and play major roles in host defense. Conversely, other HDACs reprogram monocytes and macrophages towards an immunosuppressive phenotype. The right balance between both types helps monocytes to respond correctly to the different physiological/pathological stimuli. However, aberrant expressions or activities of specific HDACs are associated with autoimmune diseases along with other chronic inflammatory diseases, infections, or cancer.This paper critically reviews the interesting and extensive knowledge regarding the role of some HDACs in these pathologies. It also shows that as yet, very little progress has been made toward the goal of finding effective HDAC-targeted therapies. However, given their obvious potential, we conclude that it is worth the effort to develop monocyte-specific drugs that selectively target HDAC subtypes with the aim of finding effective treatments for diseases in which our innate immune system is involved.
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16
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Bosman-Schluep D, de Pril R, Verbaken B, Legent A, Stallen J, de Jong EC, Janssen RAJ. siRNA-based identification of IBD-related targets in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. J Immunol Methods 2021; 494:113058. [PMID: 33891922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2021.113058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is thought to be caused by an aberrant host response to the commensal enteric flora in genetically susceptible individuals. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in the regulation of this response as they sample gut commensals. In healthy individuals DCs actively contribute to tolerance upon recognition of these resident bacteria, whereas in individuals with IBD, DCs will initiate an inflammatory response. To mimic the disease response in vitro, human monocyte-derived DCs were matured with E. coli causing the cells to produce high levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-12/IL-23p40 (p40) and low levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. A siRNA-based screening assay was developed and screened to identify potential therapeutic targets that shift this balance towards an immunosuppressive state with lower levels of p40 and higher levels of IL-10. The screening assay was optimized and quality controlled using non-targeting controls and positive control siRNAs targeting IL12B and TLR4 transcripts. In the primary screen, smartpool siRNAs were screened for reduction in p40 expression, induction of IL-10 levels, or increase in IL-10:p40 ratios without affecting cell viability. All potential targets were taken forward into a confirmation screen in a different DC donor in which four individual siRNAs per target were screened. At least two siRNAs per target should have an effect to be considered a valid target. This screen resulted in a concise list of ten genes, of which their role in DC maturation is currently being investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Esther C de Jong
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands
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17
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Tobin SW, Alibhai FJ, Wlodarek L, Yeganeh A, Millar S, Wu J, Li S, Weisel RD, Li R. Delineating the relationship between immune system aging and myogenesis in muscle repair. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13312. [PMID: 33511781 PMCID: PMC7884032 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Recruited immune cells play a critical role in muscle repair, in part by interacting with local stem cell populations to regulate muscle regeneration. How aging affects their communication during myogenesis is unclear. Here, we investigate how aging impacts the cellular function of these two cell types after muscle injury during normal aging or after immune rejuvenation using a young to old (Y-O) or old to old (O-O) bone marrow (BM) transplant model. We found that skeletal muscle from old mice (20 months) exhibited elevated basal inflammation and possessed fewer satellite cells compared with young mice (3 months). After cardiotoxin muscle injury (CTX), old mice exhibited a blunted inflammatory response compared with young mice and enhanced M2 macrophage recruitment and IL-10 expression. Temporal immune and cytokine responses of old mice were partially restored to a young phenotype following reconstitution with young cells (Y-O chimeras). Improved immune responses in Y-O chimeras were associated with greater satellite cell proliferation compared with O-O chimeras. To identify how immune cell aging affects myoblast function, conditioned media (CM) from activated young or old macrophages was applied to cultured C2C12 myoblasts. CM from young macrophages inhibited myogenesis while CM from old macrophages reduced proliferation. These functional differences coincided with age-related differences in macrophage cytokine expression. Together, this study examines the infiltration and proliferation of immune cells and satellite cells after injury in the context of aging and, using BM chimeras, demonstrates that young immune cells retain cell autonomy in an old host to increase satellite cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie W. Tobin
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery Toronto General Research Institute University Health Network Toronto ON Canada
| | - Faisal J. Alibhai
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery Toronto General Research Institute University Health Network Toronto ON Canada
| | - Lukasz Wlodarek
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery Toronto General Research Institute University Health Network Toronto ON Canada
| | - Azadeh Yeganeh
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery Toronto General Research Institute University Health Network Toronto ON Canada
| | - Sean Millar
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery Toronto General Research Institute University Health Network Toronto ON Canada
| | - Jun Wu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery Toronto General Research Institute University Health Network Toronto ON Canada
| | - Shu‐hong Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery Toronto General Research Institute University Health Network Toronto ON Canada
| | - Richard D. Weisel
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery Toronto General Research Institute University Health Network Toronto ON Canada
| | - Ren‐Ke Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery Toronto General Research Institute University Health Network Toronto ON Canada
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18
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Robinson A, Han CZ, Glass CK, Pollard JW. Monocyte Regulation in Homeostasis and Malignancy. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:104-119. [PMID: 33446416 PMCID: PMC7877795 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes are progenitors to macrophages and a subclass of dendritic cells (monocyte-derived dendritic cells, MoDCs), but they also act as circulating sensors that respond to environmental changes and disease. Technological advances have defined the production of classical monocytes in the bone marrow through the identification of lineage-determining transcription factors (LDTFs) and have proposed alternative routes of differentiation. Monocytes released into the circulation can be recruited to tissues by specific chemoattractants where they respond to sequential niche-specific signals that determine their differentiation into terminal effector cells. New aspects of monocyte biology in the circulation are being revealed, exemplified by the influence of cancer on the systemic alteration of monocyte subset abundance and transcriptional profiles. These changes can act to enhance the metastatic spread of primary cancers and may offer therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Robinson
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Claudia Z Han
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Christopher K Glass
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Pollard
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
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19
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Stanfield BA, Purves T, Palmer S, Sullenger B, Welty-Wolf K, Haines K, Agarwal S, Kasotakis G. IL-10 and class 1 histone deacetylases act synergistically and independently on the secretion of proinflammatory mediators in alveolar macrophages. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245169. [PMID: 33471802 PMCID: PMC7816993 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 suppresses pro-inflammatory IL-12b expression after Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in colonic macrophages, as part of the innate immunity Toll-Like Receptor (TLR)-NF-κB activation system. This homeostatic mechanism limits excess inflammation in the intestinal mucosa, as it constantly interacts with the gut flora. This effect is reversed with Histone Deacetylase 3 (HDAC3), a class I HDAC, siRNA, suggesting it is mediated through HDAC3. Given alveolar macrophages’ prominent role in Acute Lung Injury (ALI), we aim to determine whether a similar regulatory mechanism exists in the typically sterile pulmonary microenvironment. Methods Levels of mRNA and protein for IL-10, and IL-12b were determined by qPCR and ELISA/Western Blot respectively in naïve and LPS-stimulated alveolar macrophages. Expression of the NF-κB intermediaries was also similarly assessed. Experiments were repeated with AS101 (an IL-10 protein synthesis inhibitor), MS-275 (a selective class 1 HDAC inhibitor), or both. Results LPS stimulation upregulated all proinflammatory mediators assayed in this study. In the presence of LPS, inhibition of IL-10 and/or class 1 HDACs resulted in both synergistic and independent effects on these signaling molecules. Quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR on key components of the TLR4 signaling cascade demonstrated significant diversity in IL-10 and related gene expression in the presence of LPS. Inhibition of IL-10 secretion and/or class 1 HDACs in the presence of LPS independently affected the transcription of MyD88, IRAK1, Rela and the NF-κB p50 subunit. Interestingly, by quantitative ELISA inhibition of IL-10 secretion and/or class 1 HDACs in the presence of LPS independently affected the secretion of not only IL-10, IL-12b, and TNFα, but also proinflammatory mediators CXCL2, IL-6, and MIF. These results suggest that IL-10 and class 1 HDAC activity regulate both independent and synergistic mechanisms of proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine signaling. Conclusions Alveolar macrophages after inflammatory stimulation upregulate both IL-10 and IL-12b production, in a highly class 1 HDAC-dependent manner. Class 1 HDACs appear to help maintain the balance between the pro- and anti-inflammatory IL-12b and IL-10 respectively. Class 1 HDACs may be considered as targets for the macrophage-initiated pulmonary inflammation in ALI in a preclinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent A. Stanfield
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Division of Trauma, Acute and Critical Care Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Todd Purves
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Division of Urology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Scott Palmer
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Bruce Sullenger
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Karen Welty-Wolf
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Krista Haines
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Division of Trauma, Acute and Critical Care Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Suresh Agarwal
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Division of Trauma, Acute and Critical Care Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - George Kasotakis
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Division of Trauma, Acute and Critical Care Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Mukhopadhyay S, Heinz E, Porreca I, Alasoo K, Yeung A, Yang HT, Schwerd T, Forbester JL, Hale C, Agu CA, Choi YH, Rodrigues J, Capitani M, Jostins-Dean L, Thomas DC, Travis S, Gaffney D, Skarnes WC, Thomson N, Uhlig HH, Dougan G, Powrie F. Loss of IL-10 signaling in macrophages limits bacterial killing driven by prostaglandin E2. J Exp Med 2020; 217:132614. [PMID: 31819956 PMCID: PMC7041704 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20180649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines and lipid mediators are key regulators of inflammation; but how they are mechanistically linked is poorly understood. Here, Mukhopadhyay et al. show a novel regulation between cytokine IL-10 and lipid mediator PGE2 that functionally connects them to intestinal inflammation. Loss of IL-10 signaling in macrophages (Mφs) leads to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were generated from an infantile-onset IBD patient lacking a functional IL10RB gene. Mφs differentiated from IL-10RB−/− iPSCs lacked IL-10RB mRNA expression, were unable to phosphorylate STAT3, and failed to reduce LPS induced inflammatory cytokines in the presence of exogenous IL-10. IL-10RB−/− Mφs exhibited a striking defect in their ability to kill Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, which was rescuable after experimentally introducing functional copies of the IL10RB gene. Genes involved in synthesis and receptor pathways for eicosanoid prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were more highly induced in IL-10RB−/− Mφs, and these Mφs produced higher amounts of PGE2 after LPS stimulation compared with controls. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of PGE2 synthesis and PGE2 receptor blockade enhanced bacterial killing in Mφs. These results identify a regulatory interaction between IL-10 and PGE2, dysregulation of which may drive aberrant Mφ activation and impaired host defense contributing to IBD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhankar Mukhopadhyay
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.,Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Eva Heinz
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Kaur Alasoo
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amy Yeung
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Huei-Ting Yang
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.,Swiss Precision Dignostics Development Company Limited, Bedford, UK
| | - Tobias Schwerd
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.,Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jessica L Forbester
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.,Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | - Yoon Ha Choi
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Melania Capitani
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Luke Jostins-Dean
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David C Thomas
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon Travis
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | | | - William C Skarnes
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.,The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | - Nicholas Thomson
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Holm H Uhlig
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Gordon Dougan
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fiona Powrie
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.,The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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21
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Jiao Y, Wu L, Huntington ND, Zhang X. Crosstalk Between Gut Microbiota and Innate Immunity and Its Implication in Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:282. [PMID: 32153586 PMCID: PMC7047319 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The emerging concept of microbiota contributing to local mucosal homeostasis has fueled investigation into its specific role in immunology. Gut microbiota is mostly responsible for maintaining the balance between host defense and immune tolerance. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota has been shown to be related to various alterations of the immune system. This review focuses on the reciprocal relationship between gut microbiota and innate immunity compartment, with emphasis on gut-associated lymphoid tissue, innate lymphoid cells, and phagocytes. From a clinical perspective, the review gives a possible explanation of how the “gut microbiota—innate immunity” axis might contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Jiao
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wu
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Joint Centre for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Nicholas D Huntington
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Xuan Zhang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Clinical Immunology Centre, Medical Epigenetics Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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22
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Luque-Martin R, Van den Bossche J, Furze RC, Neele AE, van der Velden S, Gijbels MJJ, van Roomen CPPA, Bernard SG, de Jonge WJ, Rioja I, Prinjha RK, Lewis HD, Mander PK, de Winther MPJ. Targeting Histone Deacetylases in Myeloid Cells Inhibits Their Maturation and Inflammatory Function With Limited Effects on Atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1242. [PMID: 31736752 PMCID: PMC6830127 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages are key drivers in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Epigenetic targets have been shown to control the transcriptional profile and phenotype of these cells. Since histone deacetylase protein inhibitors demonstrate profound anti-inflammatory activity, we wanted to test whether HDAC inhibition within monocytes and macrophages could be applied to suppress inflammation in vivo. ESM technology conjugates an esterase-sensitive motif (ESM) onto small molecules to allow targeting of cells that express carboxylesterase 1 (CES1), such as mononuclear myeloid cells. This study utilized an ESM-HDAC inhibitor to target monocytes and macrophages in mice in both an acute response model and an atherosclerosis model. We demonstrate that the molecule blocks the maturation of peritoneal macrophages and inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine production in both models but to a lesser extent in the atherosclerosis model. Despite regulating the inflammatory response, ESM-HDAC528 did not significantly affect plaque size or phenotype, although histological classification of the plaques demonstrated a significant shift to a less severe phenotype. We hereby show that HDAC inhibition in myeloid cells impairs the maturation and activation of peritoneal macrophages but shows limited efficacy in a model of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Luque-Martin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan Van den Bossche
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rebecca C Furze
- Immuno-Epigenetics, Adaptive Immunity Research Unit, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Annette E Neele
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Saskia van der Velden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marion J J Gijbels
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Pathology and Department of Molecular Genetics, CARIM, University Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Cindy P P A van Roomen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sharon G Bernard
- Immuno-Epigenetics, Adaptive Immunity Research Unit, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Wouter J de Jonge
- Tygat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Inmaculada Rioja
- Immuno-Epigenetics, Adaptive Immunity Research Unit, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Rab K Prinjha
- Immuno-Epigenetics, Adaptive Immunity Research Unit, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Huw D Lewis
- Immuno-Epigenetics, Adaptive Immunity Research Unit, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Palwinder K Mander
- Immuno-Epigenetics, Adaptive Immunity Research Unit, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Menno P J de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
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23
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Murdoch CC, Rawls JF. Commensal Microbiota Regulate Vertebrate Innate Immunity-Insights From the Zebrafish. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2100. [PMID: 31555292 PMCID: PMC6742977 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities populate the mucosal surfaces of all animals. Metazoans have co-evolved with these microorganisms, forming symbioses that affect the molecular and cellular underpinnings of animal physiology. These microorganisms, collectively referred to as the microbiota, are found on many distinct body sites (including the skin, nasal cavity, and urogenital tract), however the most densely colonized host tissue is the intestinal tract. Although spatially confined within the intestinal lumen, the microbiota and associated products shape the development and function of the host immune system. Studies comparing gnotobiotic animals devoid of any microbes (germ free) with counterparts colonized with selected microbial communities have demonstrated that commensal microorganisms are required for the proper development and function of the immune system at homeostasis and following infectious challenge or injury. Animal model systems have been essential for defining microbiota-dependent shifts in innate immune cell function and intestinal physiology during infection and disease. In particular, the zebrafish has emerged as a powerful vertebrate model organism with unparalleled capacity for in vivo imaging, a full complement of genetic approaches, and facile methods to experimentally manipulate microbial communities. Here we review key insights afforded by the zebrafish into the impact of microbiota on innate immunity, including evidence that the perception of and response to the microbiota is evolutionarily conserved. We also highlight opportunities to strengthen the zebrafish model system, and to gain new insights into microbiota-innate immune interactions that would be difficult to achieve in mammalian models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John F. Rawls
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke Microbiome Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
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24
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Chung YT, Pasquinelli V, Jurado JO, Wang X, Yi N, Barnes PF, Garcia VE, Samten B. Elevated Cyclic AMP Inhibits Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Stimulated T-cell IFN-γ Secretion Through Type I Protein Kinase A. J Infect Dis 2019; 217:1821-1831. [PMID: 29438524 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is critical in immune regulation, and its role in tuberculosis infection remains unclear. We determined the levels of cAMP in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from tuberculosis patients and the mechanisms for cAMP suppression of IFN-γ production. PBMC from tuberculosis patients contained significantly elevated cAMP than latent tuberculosis infected subjects (LTBI), with an inverse correlation with IFN-γ production. Consistent with this, the expression of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), activating transcription factor (ATF)-2 and c-Jun were reduced in tuberculosis patients compared with LTBI. PKA type I specific cAMP analogs inhibited Mtb-stimulated IFN-g production by PBMC through suppression of Mtb-induced IFN-γ promoter binding activities of CREB, ATF-2, and c-Jun and also miR155, the target miRNA of these transcription factors. Neutralizing both IL-10 and TGF-β1 or supplementation of IL-12 restored cAMP-suppressed IFN-g production. We conclude that increased cAMP inhibits IFN-g production through PKA type I pathway in tuberculosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Tae Chung
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler
| | - Virginia Pasquinelli
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Junín, Argentina
| | - Javier O Jurado
- Departamento de Química Biológica, and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Xisheng Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler
| | - Na Yi
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler
| | - Peter F Barnes
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler
| | - Veronica E Garcia
- Departamento de Química Biológica, and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Buka Samten
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler
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25
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Na YR, Stakenborg M, Seok SH, Matteoli G. Macrophages in intestinal inflammation and resolution: a potential therapeutic target in IBD. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 16:531-543. [PMID: 31312042 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-019-0172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 465] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are the gatekeepers of intestinal immune homeostasis as they discriminate between innocuous antigens and potential pathogens to maintain oral tolerance. However, in individuals with a genetic and environmental predisposition, regulation of intestinal immunity is impaired, leading to chronic relapsing immune activation and pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, such as IBD. As evidence suggests a causal link between defects in the resolution of intestinal inflammation and altered monocyte-macrophage differentiation in patients with IBD, macrophages have been considered as a novel potential target to develop new treatment approaches. This Review discusses the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the differentiation and function of intestinal macrophages in homeostasis and inflammation, and their role in resolving the inflammatory process. Understanding the molecular pathways involved in the specification of intestinal macrophages might lead to a new class of targets that promote remission in patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Rang Na
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical College, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Michelle Stakenborg
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Seung Hyeok Seok
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical College, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Gianluca Matteoli
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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26
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Sun R, Hedl M, Abraham C. Twist1 and Twist2 Induce Human Macrophage Memory upon Chronic Innate Receptor Treatment by HDAC-Mediated Deacetylation of Cytokine Promoters. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:3297-3308. [PMID: 31028123 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal tissues are continuously exposed to microbial products that stimulate pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). Ongoing PRR stimulation can confer epigenetic changes in macrophages, which can then regulate subsequent immune outcomes and adaptation to the local environment. Mechanisms leading to these changes are incompletely understood. We found that short-term stimulation of the PRR NOD2 in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages resulted in increased H3 and H4 acetylation of cytokine promoters, consistent with the increased cytokine secretion observed. However, with prolonged NOD2 stimulation, both the acetylation and cytokine secretion were dramatically decreased. Chronic NOD2 stimulation upregulated the transcription factors Twist1 and Twist2, which bound to the promoters of the histone deacetylases HDAC1 and HDAC3 and induced HDAC1 and HDAC3 expression. HDAC1 and HDAC3 then mediated histone deacetylation at cytokine promoters and, in turn, cytokine downregulation under these conditions. Similar regulation was observed upon chronic stimulation of multiple PRRs. Consistent with the chronic microbial exposure in the intestinal environment, TWIST1, TWIST2, HDAC1, and HDAC3 were upregulated in human intestinal relative to peripheral macrophages. Importantly, complementing HDAC1 and HDAC3 in Twist1/Twist2-deficient monocyte-derived macrophages restored the reduced histone acetylation on cytokine promoters and the decreased cytokine secretion with chronic NOD2 stimulation. Taken together, we identify mechanisms wherein Twist1 and Twist2 promote chromatin modifications, resulting in macrophage instruction and adaptation to conditions in the intestinal microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Matija Hedl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Clara Abraham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510
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27
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Gerrick KY, Gerrick ER, Gupta A, Wheelan SJ, Yegnasubramanian S, Jaffee EM. Transcriptional profiling identifies novel regulators of macrophage polarization. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208602. [PMID: 30532146 PMCID: PMC6286176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are key inflammatory immune cells that display dynamic phenotypes and functions in response to their local microenvironment. Major advances have occurred in understanding the transcriptional, epigenetic, and functional differences in various macrophage subsets by in vitro modeling and gene expression and epigenetic profiling for biomarker discovery. However, there is still no standardized protocol for macrophage polarization largely due to the lack of thorough validation of macrophage phenotypes following polarization. In addition, transcriptional regulation is recognized as a major mechanism governing differential macrophage polarization programs and as such, many genes have been identified to be associated with each macrophage subset. However, the functional role of many of these genes in macrophage polarization is still unknown. Moreover, the role of other regulatory mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, in macrophage polarization remains poorly understood. Here, we employed an optimized model of human M1 and M2 macrophage polarization which we used for large-scale transcriptional and DNA methylation profiling. We were unable to demonstrate a role for DNA methylation in macrophage polarization, as no significant changes were identified. However, we observed significant changes in the transcriptomes of M1 and M2 macrophages. Additionally, we identified numerous novel differentially regulated genes involved in macrophage polarization, including CYBB and DHCR7 which we show as important regulators of M1 and M2 macrophage polarization, respectively. Taken together, our improved in vitro human M1 and M2 macrophage model provides new understandings of the regulation of macrophage polarization and candidate macrophage biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberline Y. Gerrick
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreas Cancer Clinical Research and Patient Care, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Elias R. Gerrick
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Anuj Gupta
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Sarah J. Wheelan
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth M. Jaffee
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreas Cancer Clinical Research and Patient Care, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
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28
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Bain CC, Schridde A. Origin, Differentiation, and Function of Intestinal Macrophages. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2733. [PMID: 30538701 PMCID: PMC6277706 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are increasingly recognized as essential players in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and as key sentinels of the intestinal immune system. However, somewhat paradoxically, they are also implicated in chronic pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and are therefore considered potential targets for novel therapies. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in our understanding of intestinal macrophage heterogeneity, their ontogeny and the potential factors that regulate their origin. We will describe how the local environment of the intestine imprints the phenotypic and functional identity of the macrophage compartment, and how this changes during intestinal inflammation and infection. Finally, we highlight key outstanding questions that should be the focus of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum C Bain
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Anika Schridde
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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29
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Daskalaki MG, Tsatsanis C, Kampranis SC. Histone methylation and acetylation in macrophages as a mechanism for regulation of inflammatory responses. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6495-6507. [PMID: 29574768 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages respond to noxious stimuli and contribute to inflammatory responses by eliminating pathogens or damaged tissue and maintaining homeostasis. Response to activation signals and maintenance of homeostasis require tight regulation of genes involved in macrophage activation and inactivation processes, as well as genes involved in determining their polarization state. Recent evidence has revealed that such regulation occurs through histone modifications that render inflammatory or polarizing gene promoters accessible to transcriptional complexes. Thus, inflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes are regulated by histone acetylation and methylation, determining their activation state. Herein, we review the current knowledge on the role of histone modifying enzymes (acetyltransferases, deacetylases, methyltransferases, and demethylases) in determining the responsiveness and M1 or M2 polarization of macrophages. The contribution of these enzymes in the development of inflammatory diseases is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Daskalaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.,Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Christos Tsatsanis
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Sotirios C Kampranis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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30
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IL-12/23p40 overproduction by dendritic cells leads to an increased Th1 and Th17 polarization in a model of Yersinia enterocolitica-induced reactive arthritis in TNFRp55-/- mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193573. [PMID: 29494692 PMCID: PMC5832265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play critical functions in the initiation of immune responses. Understanding their role in reactive arthritis (ReA) will help delineate the pathogenesis of this arthropathy. In early studies, we detected IL-12/23p40 deregulation in Yersinia entercolitica (Ye)-induced ReA in TNFRp55-deficient (TNFRp55-/-) mice. In this study, we assessed the contribution of DCs in this overproduction. First, greater levels of IL-12/23p40, IFN-γand IL-17A were confirmed in supernatants of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated TNFRp55-/-splenocytes obtained on arthritis onset (day 14 after Ye infection). Later, DCs were identified as a precise source of IL-12/23p40 since increased frequency of splenic IL-12/23p40+DCs was detected in TNFRp55-/- mice. After robust in vivo amplification of DCs by injection of Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3-Ligand (Flt3L)-transfected BL16 melanoma, DCs were purified. These cells recapitulated the higher production of IL-12/23p40 under TNFRp55deficiency. In agreement with these results, TNFRp55-/- DCs promoted Th1 and Th17 programs by co-culture with WT CD4+lymphocytes. A mechanistic study demonstrated that JNK and p38 MAPK pathways are involved in IL-12/23p40 overproduction in purified TNFRp55-/- DCs as well as in the JAWS II cell line. This deregulation was once again attributed to TNFRp55 deficiency since CAY10500, a specific inhibitor of this pathway, compromised TNF-mediated IL-12/23p40 control in LPS-stimulated WT DCs. Simultaneously, this inhibition reduced IL-10 production, suggesting its role mediating IL-12/23p40 regulation by TNFRp55 pathway. These results provide experimental data on the existence of a TNFRp55-mediated anti-inflammatory circuit in DCs. Moreover, these cells may be considered as a novel target in the treatment of ReA.
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31
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Chen B, Sun L, Zhang X. Integration of microbiome and epigenome to decipher the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. J Autoimmun 2017; 83:31-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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32
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Diversity and functions of intestinal mononuclear phagocytes. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:845-864. [PMID: 28378807 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal lamina propria (LP) contains a diverse array of mononuclear phagocyte (MNP) subsets, including conventional dendritic cells (cDC), monocytes and tissue-resident macrophages (mφ) that collectively play an essential role in mucosal homeostasis, infection and inflammation. In the current review we discuss the function of intestinal cDC and monocyte-derived MNP, highlighting how these subsets play several non-redundant roles in the regulation of intestinal immune responses. While much remains to be learnt, recent findings also underline how the various populations of MNP adapt to deal with the challenges specific to their environment. Understanding these processes should help target individual subsets for 'fine tuning' immunological responses within the intestine, a process that may be of relevance both for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and for optimized vaccine design.
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Conaway EA, de Oliveira DC, McInnis CM, Snapper SB, Horwitz BH. Inhibition of Inflammatory Gene Transcription by IL-10 Is Associated with Rapid Suppression of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Enhancer Activation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:2906-2915. [PMID: 28213503 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-10 limits the magnitude of inflammatory gene expression following microbial stimuli and is essential to prevent inflammatory disease; however, the molecular basis for IL-10-mediated inhibition remains elusive. Using a genome-wide approach, we demonstrate that inhibition of transcription is the primary mechanism for IL-10-mediated suppression in LPS-stimulated macrophages and that inhibited genes can be divided into two clusters. Genes in the first cluster are inhibited only if IL-10 is included early in the course of LPS stimulation and is strongly enriched for IFN-inducible genes. Genes in the second cluster can be rapidly suppressed by IL-10 even after transcription is initiated, and this is associated with suppression of LPS-induced enhancer activation. Interestingly, the ability of IL-10 to rapidly suppress active transcription exhibits a delay following LPS stimulation. Thus, a key pathway for IL-10-mediated suppression involves rapid inhibition of enhancer function during the secondary phase of the response to LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan A Conaway
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | | | - Christine M McInnis
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.,Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Scott B Snapper
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115; and.,Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Bruce H Horwitz
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115; .,Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
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Woo V, Alenghat T. Host-microbiota interactions: epigenomic regulation. Curr Opin Immunol 2017; 44:52-60. [PMID: 28103497 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The coevolution of mammalian hosts and their commensal microbiota has led to the development of complex symbiotic relationships between resident microbes and mammalian cells. Epigenomic modifications enable host cells to alter gene expression without modifying the genetic code, and therefore represent potent mechanisms by which mammalian cells can transcriptionally respond, transiently or stably, to environmental cues. Advances in genome-wide approaches are accelerating our appreciation of microbial influences on host physiology, and increasing evidence highlights that epigenomics represent a level of regulation by which the host integrates and responds to microbial signals. In particular, bacterial-derived short chain fatty acids have emerged as one clear link between how the microbiota intersects with host epigenomic pathways. Here we review recent findings describing crosstalk between the microbiota and epigenomic pathways in multiple mammalian cell populations. Further, we discuss interesting links that suggest that the scope of our understanding of epigenomic regulation in the host-microbiota relationship is still in its infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivienne Woo
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Theresa Alenghat
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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35
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Peng L, Zhang H, Hao Y, Xu F, Yang J, Zhang R, Lu G, Zheng Z, Cui M, Qi CF, Chen C, Wang J, Hu Y, Wang D, Pierce S, Li L, Xiong H. Reprogramming macrophage orientation by microRNA 146b targeting transcription factor IRF5. EBioMedicine 2016; 14:83-96. [PMID: 27825654 PMCID: PMC5161420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of macrophage orientation pathological conditions is important but still incompletely understood. Here, we show that IL-10 and Rag1 double knockout mice spontaneously develop colitis with dominant M1 macrophage phenotype, suggesting that IL-10 regulates macrophage orientation in inflammation. We demonstrate that IL-10 stimulation induced miR-146b expression, and that the expression of miR-146b was impaired in IL-10 deficient macrophages. Our data show that miR-146b targets IRF5, resulting in the regulation of macrophage activation. Furthermore, miR-146b deficient mice developed intestinal inflammation with enhanced M1 macrophage polarization. Finally, miR-146b mimic treatment significantly suppresses M1 macrophage activation and ameliorates colitis development in vivo. Collectively, the results suggest that IL-10 dependent miR-146b plays an important role in the modulation of M1 macrophage orientation. Interleukin 10-induced miR-146b plays a critical role in the regulation of macrophage polarization and colitis development by targeting IRF5. Treatment with miR-146b mimic significantly suppresses M1 macrophage activation and ameliorates colitis development.
Interleukin 10 and Interleukin receptor are clearly involved in the development of inflammatory bowel diseases and other inflammatory diseases. Notably, the mutation of Interleukin 10 and Interleukin 10 receptor are clearly correlated with inflammatory bowel diseases. In the present study we show that Interleukin 10-induced miR-146b plays a critical role in the regulation of macrophage polarization and colitis development by targeting IRF5. Treatment with miR-146b mimic significantly suppresses M1 macrophage activation and ameliorates colitis development. The results highlight the potent role of miR146b in the control of immune responses and pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Peng
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Yuanyuan Hao
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Feihong Xu
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Ruihua Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Geming Lu
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Zihan Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Miao Cui
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Chen-Feng Qi
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Chun Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Inflammation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Susan Pierce
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Liwu Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Inflammation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Huabao Xiong
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,New York, NY 10029, United States; Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical College, Jining, Shangdong 272067, China.
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36
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Type II Activation of Macrophages and Microglia by Immune Complexes Enhances Th17 Biasing in an IL-6-Independent Manner. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164454. [PMID: 27732670 PMCID: PMC5061352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages can be activated into several distinct activation states. One of these states, type II activation, has a regulatory phenotype characterized by decreased IL-12 and increased IL-10, and has been shown to bias naïve CD4+ T cells to a Th2 response. Microglia, the resident macrophage-like cells in the central nervous system (CNS), are important contributors to neuroinflammation and, thus, we investigated if type II activated microglia could bias CD4+ T cell responses in a similar manner as type II activated macrophages. Using immune complex ligation in the presence of LPS to induce type II activation, we found that both type II macrophages and type II microglia biased CD4+ T cell responses in vitro to express increased levels of IL-17A and CD124. The enhanced IL-17A production occurred independently of IL-6, and IL-10 and IL-12, which were key regulators of IFN-γ production, but were not involved in the increased IL-17A. Finally, we found that another type II-activating compound, glatiramer acetate, did not bias CD4+ T cells to produce enhanced IL-17A. Taken together, this study demonstrates that microglia can be type II activated and, similarly to type II macrophages, can bias CD4+ T cell responses; however, depending on the type II stimulus, the effect on CD4+ T cell subset differentiation may vary.
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Simon JM, Davis JP, Lee SE, Schaner MR, Gipson GR, Weiser M, Sartor RB, Herfarth HH, Rahbar R, Sadiq TS, Koruda MJ, McGovern DP, Lieb JD, Mohlke KL, Furey TS, Sheikh SZ. Alterations to chromatin in intestinal macrophages link IL-10 deficiency to inappropriate inflammatory responses. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:1912-25. [PMID: 27159132 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201546237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal macrophages (IMs) are uniquely programmed to tolerate exposure to bacteria without mounting potent inflammatory responses. The cytokine IL-10 maintains the macrophage anti-inflammatory response such that loss of IL-10 results in chronic intestinal inflammation. To investigate how IL-10-deficiency alters IM programming and bacterial tolerance, we studied changes in chromatin accessibility in response to bacteria in macrophages from two distinct niches, the intestine and bone-marrow, from both wild-type and IL-10-deficient (Il10(-/-) ) mice. We identified chromatin accessibility changes associated with bacterial exposure and IL-10 deficiency in both bone marrow derived macrophages and IMs. Surprisingly, Il10(-/-) IMs adopted chromatin and gene expression patterns characteristic of an inflammatory response, even in the absence of bacteria. Further, when recombinant IL-10 was added to Il10(-/-) cells, it could not revert the chromatin landscape to a normal state. Our results demonstrate that IL-10 deficiency results in stable chromatin alterations in macrophages, even in the absence of bacteria. This supports a model in which IL-10-deficiency leads to chromatin alterations that contribute to a loss of IM tolerance to bacteria, which is a primary initiating event in chronic intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M Simon
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James P Davis
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Saangyoung E Lee
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matthew R Schaner
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gregory R Gipson
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matthew Weiser
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - R Balfour Sartor
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hans H Herfarth
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Reza Rahbar
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Timothy S Sadiq
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mark J Koruda
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dermot P McGovern
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jason D Lieb
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Terrence S Furey
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shehzad Z Sheikh
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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38
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Zheng H, Ban Y, Wei F, Ma X. Regulation of Interleukin-12 Production in Antigen-Presenting Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 941:117-138. [PMID: 27734411 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-0921-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-12 is a heterodimeric cytokine produced primarily by pathogen-activated antigen-presenting cells, particularly macrophages and dendritic cells, during encountering with intracellular microbes. IL-12 plays a key role in the activation of natural killer cells and CD4+ T helper cells in both innate and adaptive immune responses against infectious agents and immunosurveillance against endogenous malignancies. However, the potency of IL-12 makes it a target for stringent regulation. Indeed, the temporal, spatial, and quantitative expression of IL-12 during an immune response in a microenvironment contributes critically to the determination of the type, extent, and ultimate resolution of the reaction. Breaching of the delicate control and balance involving IL-12 frequently leads to autoimmune inflammatory disorders and pathogenesis. Thus, a better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms in the production and control of this cytokine is both scientifically significant and clinically beneficial. Here we provide an update on the research that has been conducted on this subject particularly in the last 10 years since the publication of a major thesis of this nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yi Ban
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Fang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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39
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Welsby I, Goriely S. Regulation of Interleukin-23 Expression in Health and Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 941:167-189. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-0921-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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40
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Ma X, Yan W, Zheng H, Du Q, Zhang L, Ban Y, Li N, Wei F. Regulation of IL-10 and IL-12 production and function in macrophages and dendritic cells. F1000Res 2015; 4. [PMID: 26918147 PMCID: PMC4754024 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.7010.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-10 and Interleukin-12 are produced primarily by pathogen-activated antigen-presenting cells, particularly macrophages and dendritic cells. IL-10 and IL-12 play very important immunoregulatory roles in host defense and immune homeostasis. Being anti- and pro-inflammatory in nature, respectively, their functions are antagonistically opposing. A comprehensive and in-depth understanding of their immunological properties and signaling mechanisms will help develop better clinical intervention strategies in therapy for a wide range of human disorders. Here, we provide an update on some emerging concepts, controversies, unanswered questions, and opinions regarding the immune signaling of IL-10 and IL-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenjun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, USA
| | - Hua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, USA
| | - Qinglin Du
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, USA
| | - Lixing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, USA
| | - Yi Ban
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, USA
| | - Fang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, USA
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41
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Chandran A, Antony C, Jose L, Mundayoor S, Natarajan K, Kumar RA. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection Induces HDAC1-Mediated Suppression of IL-12B Gene Expression in Macrophages. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2015; 5:90. [PMID: 26697414 PMCID: PMC4667035 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2015.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Downregulation of host gene expression is one of the many strategies employed by intracellular pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) to survive inside the macrophages and cause disease. The underlying molecular mechanism behind the downregulation of host defense gene expression is largely unknown. In this study we explored the role of histone deacetylation in macrophages in response to infection by virulent MTB H37Rv in manipulating host gene expression. We show a significant increase in the levels of HDAC1 with a concomitant and marked reduction in the levels of histone H3-acetylation in macrophages containing live, but not killed, virulent MTB. Additionally, we show that HDAC1 is recruited to the promoter of IL-12B in macrophages infected with live, virulent MTB, and the subsequent hypoacetylation of histone H3 suppresses the expression of this gene which plays a key role in initiating Th1 responses. By inhibiting immunologically relevant kinases, and by knockdown of crucial transcriptional regulators, we demonstrate that protein kinase-A (PKA), CREB, and c-Jun play an important role in regulating HDAC1 level in live MTB-infected macrophages. By chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis, we prove that HDAC1 expression is positively regulated by the recruitment of c-Jun to its promoter. Knockdown of HDAC1 in macrophages significantly reduced the survival of intracellular MTB. These observations indicate a novel HDAC1-mediated epigenetic modification induced by live, virulent MTB to subvert the immune system to survive and replicate in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh Chandran
- Mycobacterium Research Group, Tropical Disease Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Cecil Antony
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi Delhi, India
| | - Leny Jose
- Mycobacterium Research Group, Tropical Disease Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Sathish Mundayoor
- Mycobacterium Research Group, Tropical Disease Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Krishnamurthy Natarajan
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi Delhi, India
| | - R Ajay Kumar
- Mycobacterium Research Group, Tropical Disease Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Papadakis KA, Krempski J, Svingen P, Xiong Y, Sarmento OF, Lomberk GA, Urrutia RA, Faubion WA. Krüppel-like factor KLF10 deficiency predisposes to colitis through colonic macrophage dysregulation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 309:G900-9. [PMID: 26472224 PMCID: PMC4669350 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00309.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor (KLF)-10 is an important transcriptional regulator of TGF-β1 signaling in both CD8(+) and CD4(+) T lymphocytes. In the present study, we demonstrate a novel role for KLF10 in the regulation of TGFβRII expression with functional relevance in macrophage differentiation and activation. We first show that transfer of KLF10(-/-) bone marrow-derived macrophages into wild-type (WT) mice leads to exacerbation of experimental colitis. At the cell biological level, using two phenotypic strategies, we show that KLF10-deficient mice have an altered colonic macrophage phenotype with higher frequency of proinflammatory LyC6(+)MHCII(+) cells and a reciprocal decrease of the anti-inflammatory LyC6(-)MHCII(+) subset. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory CD11b(+)CX3CR1(hi) subset of colonic macrophages is significantly decreased in KLF10(-/-) compared with WT mice under inflammatory conditions. Molecularly, CD11b(+) colonic macrophages from KLF10(-/-) mice exhibit a proinflammatory cytokine profile with increased production of TNF-α and lower production of IL-10 in response to LPS stimulation. Because KLF10 is a transcription factor, we explored how this protein may regulate macrophage function. Consequently, we analyzed the expression of TGFβRII expression in colonic macrophages and found that, in the absence of KLF10, macrophages express lower levels of TGFβRII and display an attenuated Smad-2 phosphorylation following TGF-β1 stimulation. We further show that KLF10 directly binds to the TGFβRII promoter in macrophages, leading to enhanced gene expression through histone H3 acetylation. Collectively, our data reveal a critical role for KLF10 in the epigenetic regulation of TGFβRII expression in macrophages and the acquisition of a "regulatory" phenotype that contributes to intestinal mucosal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James Krempski
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Phyllis Svingen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Yuning Xiong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Olga F Sarmento
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Gwen A Lomberk
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics Laboratory, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Epigenetic Translational Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Raul A Urrutia
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics Laboratory, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Epigenetic Translational Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - William A Faubion
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
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43
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Wongchana W, Lawlor RG, Osborne BA, Palaga T. Impact of Notch1 Deletion in Macrophages on Proinflammatory Cytokine Production and the Outcome of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:5337-46. [PMID: 26503951 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling is involved in regulating TLR-mediated responses in activated macrophages. In this study, we investigated the impact of Notch signaling in macrophages in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. To examine the impact of deficiency in Notch signaling in activated macrophages in EAE, an adoptive transfer of activated macrophages derived from Notch1(fl/fl) × Mx1cre(+/-) (Notch1 knockout [N1KO]) or CSL/Rbp-jκ(fl/fl) × Mx1cre(+/-) (CSL/RBP-Jκ KO) mice was performed prior to induction of EAE. Mice receiving activated N1KO macrophages showed decreased severity of EAE compared with mice receiving wild-type or CSL/RBP-Jκ KO macrophages. In vitro restimulation of splenocytes by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 peptide from these mice revealed that cells from mice receiving N1KO macrophages produced significantly less IL-17 compared with the control mice, whereas IFN-γ production was similar in both groups. We found that activated N1KO, but not CSL/RBP-Jκ KO, macrophages produced less IL-6 and had lower CD80 expression compared with wild-type and did not exhibit any defect in IL-12p40/70 production, whereas activated macrophages from CSL/RBP-Jκ KO mice phenocopied γ-secretase inhibitor treatment for reduced IL-12p40/70 production. Furthermore, the nuclear translocation of the NF-κB subunit c-Rel was compromised in γ-secretase inhibitor-treated and CSL/RBP-Jκ KO but not N1KO macrophages. These results suggest that Notch1 and CSL/RBP-Jκ in macrophages may affect the severity of EAE differently, possibly through modulating IL-6 and CD80 expression, which is involved in the Th17 but not Th1 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wipawee Wongchana
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Rebecca G Lawlor
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Barbara A Osborne
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Tanapat Palaga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Omics Sciences and Bioinformatics Center, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; and Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Ray A, Dittel BN. Interrelatedness between dysbiosis in the gut microbiota due to immunodeficiency and disease penetrance of colitis. Immunology 2015. [PMID: 26211540 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition of the microbiome in health and disease has only recently become a major research focus. Although it is clear that an imbalance or dysbiosis in the microbiota is associated with disease, its interrelatedness to disease penetrance is largely unknown. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an excellent disease in which to explore these questions because of the extensive genetic studies identifying disease susceptibility loci and the ability to easily sample the intestinal microbiota in IBD patients due to the accessibility of stool samples. In addition, mouse models of IBD have contributed to our understanding of the interrelatedness of the gut microbiota and genes associated with IBD. The power of the mouse studies is that multiple colitis models exist that can be used in combination with genetically modified mice that harbour deficiencies in IBD susceptibility genes. Collectively, these studies revealed that bacterial dysbiosis does occur in human IBD and in mouse colitis models. In addition, with an emphasis on immune genes, the mouse studies provided evidence that specific immune regulatory proteins associated with IBD influence the gut microbiota in a manner consistent with disease penetrance. In this review, we will discuss studies in both humans and mice that demonstrate the impact of immunodeficiences in interleukin-10, interleukin-17, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) 2, NOD-like receptor proteins 3 and 6, Toll-like receptor or IgA have on the interrelatedness between the composition of the gut microbiota and disease penetrance of IBD and its mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Ray
- BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Bonnie N Dittel
- BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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IL-10 disrupts the Brd4-docking sites to inhibit LPS-induced CXCL8 and TNF-α expression in monocytes: Implications for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:781-791.e9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Mukherjee B, Paul J, Mukherjee S, Mukhopadhyay R, Das S, Naskar K, Sundar S, Dujardin JC, Saha B, Roy S. Antimony-Resistant Leishmania donovani Exploits miR-466i To Deactivate Host MyD88 for Regulating IL-10/IL-12 Levels during Early Hours of Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:2731-42. [PMID: 26283478 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Infection with antimony-resistant Leishmania donovani (Sb(R)LD) induces aggressive pathology in the mammalian hosts as compared with ones with antimony-sensitive L. donovani (Sb(S)LD) infection. Sb(R)LD, but not Sb(S)LD, interacts with TLR2/TLR6 to induce IL-10 by exploiting p50/c-Rel subunits of NF-κB in infected macrophages (Mϕs). Most of the TLRs exploit the universal adaptor protein MyD88 to activate NF-κB. We now show that infection of Mϕs from MyD88(-/-) mice with Sb(R)LD gave rise to significantly higher intracellular parasite number coupled with elevated IL-10/IL-12 ratio in the culture supernatant as compared with infection in wild type (WT) Mϕs. Τhese attributes were not seen with Sb(S)LD in similar experiments. Further, Sb(R)LD infection upregulated miR-466i, which binds with 3'-untranslated region, leading to the downregulation of MyD88. Infection of MyD88(-/-) Mϕ or IL-12(-/-) Mϕ with Sb(R)LD induced IL-10 surge at 4 h, whereas the same in WT Mϕ started from 12 h. Thus, absence of IL-12 in MyD88(-/-) mice favored early binding of NF-κB subunits to the IL-10 promoter, resulting in IL-10 surge. Infection of MyD88(-/-) mice with Sb(R)LD showed significantly higher organ parasites coupled with ill-defined and immature hepatic granulomas, whereas in WT mice there were less organ parasites and the granulomas were well defined. From the survival kinetics it was observed that Sb(R)LD-infected MyD88(-/-) mice died by 60 d postinfection, whereas the WT mice continued to survive. Our results demonstrate that Sb(R)LD has evolved a unique strategy to evade host antileishmanial immune repertoire by manipulating host MyD88 to its advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Budhaditya Mukherjee
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Joydeep Paul
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sandip Mukherjee
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Rupkatha Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Shantanabha Das
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Kshudiram Naskar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Shyam Sundar
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Benaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Jean-Claude Dujardin
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp 2000, Belgium; University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2000, Belgium; and
| | - Bhaskar Saha
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune 411007, India
| | - Syamal Roy
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India;
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Julian MW, Strange HR, Ballinger MN, Hotchkiss RS, Papenfuss TL, Crouser ED. Tolerance and Cross-Tolerance following Toll-Like Receptor (TLR)-4 and -9 Activation Are Mediated by IRAK-M and Modulated by IL-7 in Murine Splenocytes. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26218271 PMCID: PMC4517781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Immune suppression during critical illness predisposes to serious infections. We sought to determine the mechanisms regulating tolerance and cross-tolerance to common pro-inflammatory danger signals in a model that recapitulates the intact in vivo immune response. Materials and Methods Flt3-expanded splenocytes obtained from wild-type or matching IRAK-M knockout (IRAK-M-/-), C57BL/6, male mice (8–10 weeks old) were treated repeatedly or alternately with either LPS or CpGA DNA, agonists of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 and -9, respectively, over successive 24-hour periods. Supernatants were collected following each 24-hour period with cytokine release (ELISA) and splenocyte IRAK-M expression (Western blot) determined. Tolerance and cross-tolerance were assessed in the absence or presence of programmed death receptor (PD)-1 blocking antibody or IL-7 pre-treatment. Main Results Splenocytes notably exhibited both tolerance and cross-tolerance to subsequent treatments with either LPS or CpGA DNA. The character of tolerance and cross-tolerance in this model was distinct following initial LPS or CpGA treatment in that TNFα and IFNγ release (not IL-10) were suppressed following LPS; whereas, initial CpGA treatment suppressed TNFα, IFNγ and IL-10 release in response to subsequent stimulation (LPS or CpGA). Tolerance and cross-tolerance were unrelated to IL-10 release or PD-1 but were attenuated in IRAK-M-/- splenocytes. IL-7 significantly suppressed IRAK-M expression and restored TNFα and IFNγ production without influencing IL-10 release. Conclusions In summary, acute immune tolerance and cross-tolerance in response to LPS or CpGA were distinct in that LPS selectively suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine responses; whereas, CpGA suppressed both pro- and anti-inflammatory responses. The induction of tolerance and cross-tolerance in response to common danger signals was mechanistically unrelated to IL-10 or PD-1 but was directly influenced by IRAK-M expression. IL-7 reduced IRAK-M expression and attenuated immune tolerance induced by either LPS or CpGA, and thus may be useful for reversal of immune tolerance in the setting of critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W. Julian
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Pulmonary Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Heather R. Strange
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Megan N. Ballinger
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Pulmonary Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Richard S. Hotchkiss
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medicine and Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Tracey L. Papenfuss
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Elliott D. Crouser
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Pulmonary Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kim B, Do MS, Hyun CK. B-cell-activating factor deficiency attenuates high-fat diet-induced glucose intolerance by potentiating adipose tissue function. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015. [PMID: 26208451 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.07.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
B-cell-activating factor (BAFF) has recently been demonstrated to be expressed in adipocytes and up-regulated by high-fat diet feeding, indicating a possible role in metabolic regulation. Here we show that glucose tolerance was significantly improved in high-fat diet-fed BAFF knockout (BAFF(-/-)) mice. BAFF(-/-) mice revealed higher levels of glucose transporter expression and insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation in brown adipose tissue compared to wild type controls. Expression levels of mitochondrial ND5 and genes involved in lipid metabolism were significantly elevated in brown adipose tissue of BAFF(-/-) mice, and this enhancement was found to be mediated by FGF21 and leptin. It was also observed that expression of IL-10 and foxp3 was increased in adipose tissues, as well as PPARγ activity in white adipose tissue. Our findings suggest that suppression of BAFF could have a therapeutic potential for prevention of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobae Kim
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk 791-708, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Sool Do
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk 791-708, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Kee Hyun
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk 791-708, Republic of Korea.
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Motta V, Soares F, Sun T, Philpott DJ. NOD-like receptors: versatile cytosolic sentinels. Physiol Rev 2015; 95:149-78. [PMID: 25540141 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00009.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors are cytoplasmic pattern-recognition receptors that together with RIG-I-like receptor (retinoic acid-inducible gene 1), Toll-like receptor (TLR), and C-type lectin families make up the innate pathogen pattern recognition system. There are 22 members of NLRs in humans, 34 in mice, and even a larger number in some invertebrates like sea urchins, which contain more than 200 receptors. Although initially described to respond to intracellular pathogens, NLRs have been shown to play important roles in distinct biological processes ranging from regulation of antigen presentation, sensing metabolic changes in the cell, modulation of inflammation, embryo development, cell death, and differentiation of the adaptive immune response. The diversity among NLR receptors is derived from ligand specificity conferred by the leucine-rich repeats and an NH2-terminal effector domain that triggers the activation of different biological pathways. Here, we describe NLR genes associated with different biological processes and the molecular mechanisms underlying their function. Furthermore, we discuss mutations in NLR genes that have been associated with human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Motta
- Departments of Immunology and of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Fraser Soares
- Departments of Immunology and of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tian Sun
- Departments of Immunology and of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dana J Philpott
- Departments of Immunology and of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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50
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Takahashi D, Hase K. Commensal microbiota-derived signals regulate host immune system through epigenetic modifications. Inflamm Regen 2015. [DOI: 10.2492/inflammregen.35.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Takahashi
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Koji Hase
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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