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Lavoie PM, Rayment JH. Genetics of bronchopulmonary dysplasia: An update. Semin Perinatol 2023; 47:151811. [PMID: 37775368 DOI: 10.1016/j.semperi.2023.151811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a multi-factorial disease that results from multiple clinical factors, including lung immaturity, mechanical ventilation, oxidative stress, pulmonary congestion due to increasing cardiac blood shunting, nutritional and immunological factors. Twin studies have indicated that susceptibility to BPD can be strongly inherited in some settings. Studies have reported associations between common genetic variants and BPD in preterm infants. Recent genomic studies have highlighted a potential role for molecular pathways involved in inflammation and lung development in affected infants. Rare mutations in genes encoding the lipid transporter ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A, member 3 (ABCA3 gene) which is involved in surfactant synthesis in alveolar type II cells, as well as surfactant protein B (SFTPB) and C (SFTPC) can also result in severe form of neonatal-onset interstitial lung diseases and may also potentially affect the course of BPD. This chapter summarizes the current state of knowledge on the genetics of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal M Lavoie
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Jonathan H Rayment
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada; Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Division of Respiratory Medicine, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
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2
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Marega M, El-Merhie N, Gökyildirim MY, Orth V, Bellusci S, Chao CM. Stem/Progenitor Cells and Related Therapy in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11229. [PMID: 37446407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease commonly seen in preterm infants, and is triggered by infection, mechanical ventilation, and oxygen toxicity. Among other problems, lifelong limitations in lung function and impaired psychomotor development may result. Despite major advances in understanding the disease pathologies, successful interventions are still limited to only a few drug therapies with a restricted therapeutic benefit, and which sometimes have significant side effects. As a more promising therapeutic option, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been in focus for several years due to their anti-inflammatory effects and their secretion of growth and development promoting factors. Preclinical studies provide evidence in that MSCs have the potential to contribute to the repair of lung injuries. This review provides an overview of MSCs, and other stem/progenitor cells present in the lung, their identifying characteristics, and their differentiation potential, including cytokine/growth factor involvement. Furthermore, animal studies and clinical trials using stem cells or their secretome are reviewed. To bring MSC-based therapeutic options further to clinical use, standardized protocols are needed, and upcoming side effects must be critically evaluated. To fill these gaps of knowledge, the MSCs' behavior and the effects of their secretome have to be examined in more (pre-) clinical studies, from which only few have been designed to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Marega
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre for Clinical and Translational Research (CCTR), Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, Witten/Herdecke University, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Natalia El-Merhie
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Mira Y Gökyildirim
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Valerie Orth
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre for Clinical and Translational Research (CCTR), Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, Witten/Herdecke University, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Cho-Ming Chao
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre for Clinical and Translational Research (CCTR), Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, Witten/Herdecke University, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany
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Doğan G, Karagenç N, Esmen K, Kul BÇ, Yeşilkaya H, Akgün Ş, Orman MN, Sandıkçı M, Eren Ü, Ünsal H, Karagenç L. Expression of Toll-Like Receptors in the Lung Tissue of Mouse Fetuses Generated by in vitro Embryo Culture and Embryo Transfer. Cells Tissues Organs 2023; 213:181-202. [PMID: 37105136 DOI: 10.1159/000529974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse fetuses generated by in vitro embryo culture and embryo transfer exhibit impaired lung development, altered composition of pulmonary epithelial cells associated with downregulation of several genes involved in lung development and toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway. The aims of the present study were to determine the expression of all TLRs and to examine if the expression of TLRs, along with genes involved in TLR signaling pathway, is altered in the lung tissue of mouse fetuses generated through embryo culture and embryo transfer. Two experimental (EGs) and one control (CG) group were included in the study. Embryos cultured at 5% CO2-95% air for 95 h or less than 24 h were transferred to pseudo-pregnant females to obtain fetuses comprising EGin vitro (n = 18) and EGin vivo (n = 18), respectively. Fetuses obtained from naturally ovulating females on day 18 of pregnancy served as the CG (n = 18). Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to determine the expression of TLR proteins. The expression of transcripts encoding TLRs, and the genes involved in TLR signaling pathway (Lbp, Pik3r1, Pik3cb, Nfkbia, and Fos), was determined using qRT-PCR. While all TLRs were expressed by cells lining the bronchial/bronchiolar epithelium of lung tissues in all groups, some of the TLRs were expressed in a specific pattern. When compared to CG, the expression of transcripts encoding TLR-2, -3, -4, -5, -7, -8, -9, -12, -13, Lbp, Pik3r1, Pik3cb, Nfkbia, and Fos was significantly downregulated in both EGs. It appears that stress imposed on embryos at preimplantation stages of development is associated with downregulation of TLRs, along with some of the genes involved in TLR signaling pathway, in the lung tissue during the perinatal period. It remains to be determined if downregulation of TLRs, along with the genes involved in TLR signaling pathway, has any functional consequences in the adult lung tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Göksel Doğan
- Department of Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Nedim Karagenç
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Kerem Esmen
- Department of Medical, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Bengi Çınar Kul
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hasan Yeşilkaya
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Şakir Akgün
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Nurullah Orman
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Sandıkçı
- Department of Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Ülker Eren
- Department of Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Hümeyra Ünsal
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Levent Karagenç
- Department of Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
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Córdova-Dávalos LE, Hernández-Mercado A, Barrón-García CB, Rojas-Martínez A, Jiménez M, Salinas E, Cervantes-García D. Impact of genetic polymorphisms related to innate immune response on respiratory syncytial virus infection in children. Virus Genes 2022; 58:501-514. [PMID: 36085536 PMCID: PMC9462631 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-022-01932-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes lower respiratory tract infections and bronchiolitis, mainly affecting children under 2 years of age and immunocompromised patients. Currently, there are no available vaccines or efficient pharmacological treatments against RSV. In recent years, tremendous efforts have been directed to understand the pathological mechanisms of the disease and generate a vaccine against RSV. Although RSV is highly infectious, not all the patients who get infected develop bronchiolitis and severe disease. Through various sequencing studies, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been discovered in diverse receptors, cytokines, and transcriptional regulators with crucial role in the activation of the innate immune response, which is implicated in the susceptibility to develop or protect from severe forms of the infection. In this review, we highlighted how variations in the key genes affect the development of innate immune response against RSV. This data would provide crucial information about the mechanisms of viral infection, and in the future, could help in generation of new strategies for vaccine development or generation of the pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Elena Córdova-Dávalos
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, 20100, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Alicia Hernández-Mercado
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, 20100, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Claudia Berenice Barrón-García
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, 20100, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Augusto Rojas-Martínez
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Av. Morones Prieto 3000 Pte, Los Doctores, 64710, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Mariela Jiménez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, 20100, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Eva Salinas
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, 20100, Aguascalientes, México.
| | - Daniel Cervantes-García
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, 20100, Aguascalientes, México. .,Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, 03940, Ciudad de México, México.
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Bronchopulmonary dysplasia and wnt pathway-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:888-898. [PMID: 34853430 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01851-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
AIM Genetic variants contribute to the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The aim of this study is to evaluate the association of 45 SNPs with BPD susceptibility in a Turkish premature infant cohort. METHODS Infants with gestational age <32 weeks were included. Patients were divided into BPD or no-BPD groups according to oxygen need at 28 days of life, and stratified according to the severity of BPD. We genotyped 45 SNPs, previously identified as BPD risk factors, in 192 infants. RESULTS A total of eight SNPs were associated with BPD risk at allele level, two of which (rs4883955 on KLF12 and rs9953270 on CHST9) were also associated at the genotype level. Functional relationship maps suggested an interaction between five of these genes, converging on WNT5A, a member of the WNT pathway known to be implicated in BPD pathogenesis. Dysfunctional CHST9 and KLF12 variants may contribute to BPD pathogenesis through an interaction with WNT5A. CONCLUSIONS We suggest investigating the role of SNPs on different genes which are in relation with the Wnt pathway in BPD pathogenesis. We identified eight SNPs as risk factors for BPD in this study. In-silico functional maps show an interaction of the genes harboring these SNPs with the WNT pathway, supporting its role in BPD pathogenesis. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03467828. IMPACT It is known that genetic factors may contribute to the development of BPD in preterm infants. Further studies are required to identify specific genes that play a role in the BPD pathway to evaluate them as a target for therapeutic interventions. Our study shows an association of BPD predisposition with certain polymorphisms on MBL2, NFKBIA, CEP170, MAGI2, and VEGFA genes at allele level and polymorphisms on CHST9 and KLF12 genes at both allele and genotype level. In-silico functional mapping shows a functional relationship of these five genes with WNT5A, suggesting that Wnt pathway disruption may play a role in BPD pathogenesis.
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Flanagan F, Casey A, Reyes-Múgica M, Kurland G. Post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans in children. Paediatr Respir Rev 2022; 42:69-78. [PMID: 35562287 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frances Flanagan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 333 Longwood Ave, 5(th) Floor, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
| | - Alicia Casey
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 333 Longwood Ave, 5(th) Floor, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
| | - Miguel Reyes-Múgica
- Department of Pathology, UPMC Children's Hospital ofPittsburgh, One Children's Hospital Drive, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh PA 1522, United States.
| | - Geoffrey Kurland
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States.
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Label-free Raman spectroscopy characterizes signatures of inflammation and fibrosis in the silicosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 606:114-120. [PMID: 35344708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Silicosis is an occupational disease that seriously damages the life and health of miners. Herein, we constructed a mouse model of silicosis and used label-free confocal Raman spectroscopy to analyze the biomolecular variations in lung fibrous nodules and inflammatory sites. The mice were exposed to silica particles for 1 month (SIL-1M group), 3 months (SIL-3M group), or no exposure (control tissues, NS). Raman spectra obtained from treated and untreated lung tissue were subjected to chemometric analysis to quantify biochemical composition differences in the silicosis. Simultaneously, immunohistochemistry and collagen staining were used to evaluate inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis. As a result, the SIL-1M and SIL-3M groups showed significant differences in cholesterol, lipids, amino acids, nucleic acids, and cytochrome C, and the collagen peaks at 1248 cm-1 and 1448 cm-1 were significantly higher than in the NS group. Notably, glycogen and phospholipid may be an inflammatory indicator consistent with NF-κB expression. In addition, significant differences in collagen and cytochrome C content in silicosis lung tissue were found using Raman spectroscopy and were verified by Masson's staining and Bax/Bcl-2 expression ratio. In summary, our findings provide a label-free technique to understand the biochemical changes in lung inflammatory and fibrosis microenvironment after exposure to silica particles and provide a valuable reference for studying the mechanism of silicosis.
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Dual RNA-Seq analysis of SARS-CoV-2 correlates specific human transcriptional response pathways directly to viral expression. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1329. [PMID: 35079083 PMCID: PMC8789814 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05342-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has challenged humankind's ability to quickly determine the cascade of health effects caused by a novel infection. Even with the unprecedented speed at which vaccines were developed and introduced into society, identifying therapeutic interventions and drug targets for patients infected with the virus remains important as new strains of the virus evolve, or future coronaviruses may emerge that are resistant to current vaccines. The application of transcriptomic RNA sequencing of infected samples may shed new light on the pathways involved in viral mechanisms and host responses. We describe the application of the previously developed "dual RNA-seq" approach to investigate, for the first time, the co-regulation between the human and SARS-CoV-2 transcriptomes. Together with differential expression analysis, we describe the tissue specificity of SARS-CoV-2 expression, an inferred lipopolysaccharide response, and co-regulation of CXCL's, SPRR's, S100's with SARS-CoV-2 expression. Lipopolysaccharide response pathways in particular offer promise for future therapeutic research and the prospect of subgrouping patients based on chemokine expression that may help explain the vastly different reactions patients have to infection. Taken together these findings highlight unappreciated SARS-CoV-2 expression signatures and emphasize new considerations and mechanisms for SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic intervention.
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Huang K, Wang C, Vagts C, Raguveer V, Finn PW, Perkins DL. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) NEAT1 and MALAT1 are differentially expressed in severe COVID-19 patients: An integrated single-cell analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261242. [PMID: 35007307 PMCID: PMC8746747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperactive and damaging inflammation is a hallmark of severe rather than mild Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To uncover key inflammatory differentiators between severe and mild COVID-19, we applied an unbiased single-cell transcriptomic analysis. We integrated two single-cell RNA-seq datasets with COVID-19 patient samples, one that sequenced bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells and one that sequenced peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The combined cell population was then analyzed with a focus on genes associated with disease severity. The immunomodulatory long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) NEAT1 and MALAT1 were highly differentially expressed between mild and severe patients in multiple cell types. Within those same cell types, the concurrent detection of other severity-associated genes involved in cellular stress response and apoptosis regulation suggests that the pro-inflammatory functions of these lncRNAs may foster cell stress and damage. Thus, NEAT1 and MALAT1 are potential components of immune dysregulation in COVID-19 that may provide targets for severity related diagnostic measures or therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Huang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Catherine Wang
- College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Christen Vagts
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Vanitha Raguveer
- College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Patricia W. Finn
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - David L. Perkins
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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Verification of immunology-related genetic associations in BPD supports ABCA3 and five other genes. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:190-198. [PMID: 34465876 PMCID: PMC9411063 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01689-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory processes are key drivers of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease in preterm infants. In a large sample, we verify previously reported associations of genetic variants of immunology-related genes with BPD. METHODS Preterm infants with a gestational age ≤32 weeks from PROGRESS and the German Neonatal Network (GNN) were included. Through a consensus case/control definition, 278 BPD cases and 670 controls were identified. We identified 49 immunity-related genes and 55 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously associated with BPD through a comprehensive literature survey. Additionally, a quantitative genetic association analysis regarding oxygen supplements, mechanical ventilation, and continuous positive air pressure (CPAP) was performed. RESULTS Five candidate SNPs were nominally associated with BPD-related phenotypes with effect directions not conflicting the original studies: rs11265269-CRP, rs1427793-NUAK1, rs2229569-SELL, rs1883617-VNN2, and rs4148913-CHST3. Four of these genes are involved in cell adhesion. Extending our analysis to all well-imputed SNPs of all candidate genes, the strongest association was rs45538638-ABCA3 with CPAP (p = 4.9 × 10-7, FDR = 0.004), an ABC transporter involved in surfactant formation. CONCLUSIONS Most of the previously reported associations could not be replicated. We found additional support for SNPs in CRP, NUAK1, SELL, VNN2, and ABCA3. Larger studies and meta-analyses are required to corroborate these findings. IMPACT Larger cohort for improved statistical power to detect genetic associations with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Most of the previously reported genetic associations with BPD could not be replicated in this larger study. Among investigated immunological relevant candidate genes, additional support was found for variants in genes CRP, NUAK1, SELL, VNN2, and CHST3, four of them related to cell adhesion. rs45538638 is a novel candidate SNP in reported candidate gene ABC-transporter ABCA3. Results help to prioritize molecular candidate pathomechanisms in follow-up studies.
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Manti S, Piedimonte G. An overview on the RSV-mediated mechanisms in the onset of non-allergic asthma. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:998296. [PMID: 36204661 PMCID: PMC9530042 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.998296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is recognized as an important risk factor for wheezing and asthma, since it commonly affects babies during lung development. While the role of RSV in the onset of atopic asthma is widely recognized, its impact on the onset of non-atopic asthma, mediated via other and independent causal pathways, has long been also suspected, but the association is less clear. Following RSV infection, the release of local pro-inflammatory molecules, the dysfunction of neural pathways, and the compromised epithelial integrity can become chronic and influence airway development, leading to bronchial hyperreactivity and asthma, regardless of atopic status. After a brief review of the RSV structure and its interaction with the immune system and neuronal pathways, this review summarizes the current evidence about the RSV-mediated pathogenic pathways in predisposing and inducing airway dysfunction and non-allergic asthma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Manti
- Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Pediatric Unit, Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood Gaetano Barresi, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Piedimonte
- Department of Pediatrics, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
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12
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Peterson LS, Hedou J, Ganio EA, Stelzer IA, Feyaerts D, Harbert E, Adusumelli Y, Ando K, Tsai ES, Tsai AS, Han X, Ringle M, Houghteling P, Reiss JD, Lewis DB, Winn VD, Angst MS, Aghaeepour N, Stevenson DK, Gaudilliere B. Single-Cell Analysis of the Neonatal Immune System Across the Gestational Age Continuum. Front Immunol 2021; 12:714090. [PMID: 34497610 PMCID: PMC8420969 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.714090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although most causes of death and morbidity in premature infants are related to immune maladaptation, the premature immune system remains poorly understood. We provide a comprehensive single-cell depiction of the neonatal immune system at birth across the spectrum of viable gestational age (GA), ranging from 25 weeks to term. A mass cytometry immunoassay interrogated all major immune cell subsets, including signaling activity and responsiveness to stimulation. An elastic net model described the relationship between GA and immunome (R=0.85, p=8.75e-14), and unsupervised clustering highlighted previously unrecognized GA-dependent immune dynamics, including decreasing basal MAP-kinase/NFκB signaling in antigen presenting cells; increasing responsiveness of cytotoxic lymphocytes to interferon-α; and decreasing frequency of regulatory and invariant T cells, including NKT-like cells and CD8+CD161+ T cells. Knowledge gained from the analysis of the neonatal immune landscape across GA provides a mechanistic framework to understand the unique susceptibility of preterm infants to both hyper-inflammatory diseases and infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura S Peterson
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Julien Hedou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Edward A Ganio
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Ina A Stelzer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Dorien Feyaerts
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Eliza Harbert
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Yamini Adusumelli
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Kazuo Ando
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Eileen S Tsai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Amy S Tsai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Xiaoyuan Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Megan Ringle
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Pearl Houghteling
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan D Reiss
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - David B Lewis
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Virginia D Winn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Martin S Angst
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Nima Aghaeepour
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - David K Stevenson
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Brice Gaudilliere
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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13
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Yimthin T, Cliff JM, Phunpang R, Ekchariyawat P, Kaewarpai T, Lee JS, Eckold C, Andrada M, Thiansukhon E, Tanwisaid K, Chuananont S, Morakot C, Sangsa N, Silakun W, Chayangsu S, Buasi N, Day N, Lertmemongkolchai G, Chantratita W, Eoin West T, Chantratita N. Blood transcriptomics to characterize key biological pathways and identify biomarkers for predicting mortality in melioidosis. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:8-18. [PMID: 33256556 PMCID: PMC7832033 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1858176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melioidosis is an often lethal tropical disease caused by the Gram-negative bacillus, Burkholderia pseudomallei. The study objective was to characterize transcriptomes in melioidosis patients and identify genes associated with outcome. Whole blood RNA-seq was performed in a discovery set of 29 melioidosis patients and 3 healthy controls. Transcriptomic profiles of patients who did not survive to 28 days were compared with patients who survived and healthy controls, showing 65 genes were significantly up-regulated and 218 were down-regulated in non-survivors compared to survivors. Up-regulated genes were involved in myeloid leukocyte activation, Toll-like receptor cascades and reactive oxygen species metabolic processes. Down-regulated genes were hematopoietic cell lineage, adaptive immune system and lymphocyte activation pathways. RT-qPCR was performed for 28 genes in a validation set of 60 melioidosis patients and 20 healthy controls, confirming differential expression. IL1R2, GAS7, S100A9, IRAK3, and NFKBIA were significantly higher in non-survivors compared with survivors (P < 0.005) and healthy controls (P < 0.0001). The AUROCC of these genes for mortality discrimination ranged from 0.80-0.88. In survivors, expression of IL1R2, S100A9 and IRAK3 genes decreased significantly over 28 days (P < 0.05). These findings augment our understanding of this severe infection, showing expression levels of specific genes are potential biomarkers to predict melioidosis outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thatcha Yimthin
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jacqueline Margaret Cliff
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Rungnapa Phunpang
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Peeraya Ekchariyawat
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Faculty of Public Health, Department of Microbiology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Taniya Kaewarpai
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ji-Sook Lee
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Clare Eckold
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Megan Andrada
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | | | | | | | - Chumpol Morakot
- Department of Medicine, Mukdahan Hospital, Mukdahan, Thailand
| | | | | | | | - Noppol Buasi
- Department of Medicine, Sisaket Hospital, Sisaket, Thailand
| | - Nicholas Day
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ganjana Lertmemongkolchai
- Faculty of Associated Medical Science, Department of Clinical Immunology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,The Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Wasun Chantratita
- Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Center for Medical Genomics, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - T Eoin West
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Narisara Chantratita
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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14
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Huang K, Wang C, Vagts C, Raguveer V, Finn PW, Perkins DL. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) NEAT1 and MALAT1 are differentially expressed in severe COVID-19 patients: An integrated single cell analysis. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2021:2021.03.26.21254445. [PMID: 33821282 PMCID: PMC8020982 DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.26.21254445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hyperactive and damaging inflammation is a hallmark of severe rather than mild COVID-19 syndrome. To uncover key inflammatory differentiators between severe and mild COVID-19 disease, we applied an unbiased single-cell transcriptomic analysis. We integrated a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) dataset with a peripheral blood mononuclear cell dataset (PBMC) and analyzed the combined cell population, focusing on genes associated with disease severity. Distinct cell populations were detected in both BAL and PBMC where the immunomodulatory long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) NEAT1 and MALAT1 were highly differentially expressed between mild and severe patients. The detection of other severity associated genes involved in cellular stress response and apoptosis regulation suggests that the pro-inflammatory functions of these lncRNAs may foster cell stress and damage. The lncRNAs NEAT1 and MALAT1 are potential components of immune dysregulation in COVID-19 that may provide targets for severity related diagnostic measures or therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Huang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL, 60612 United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL, 60612 United States
| | - Catherine Wang
- College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL, 60612 United States
| | - Christen Vagts
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL, 60612 United States
| | - Vanitha Raguveer
- College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL, 60612 United States
| | - Patricia W. Finn
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL, 60612 United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL, 60612 United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL, 60612 United States
| | - David L. Perkins
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL, 60612 United States
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL, 60612 United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL, 60612 United States
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15
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Efstathiou C, Abidi SH, Harker J, Stevenson NJ. Revisiting respiratory syncytial virus's interaction with host immunity, towards novel therapeutics. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:5045-5058. [PMID: 32556372 PMCID: PMC7298439 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03557-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Every year there are > 33 million cases of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)-related respiratory infection in children under the age of five, making RSV the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in infants. RSV is a global infection, but 99% of related mortality is in low/middle-income countries. Unbelievably, 62 years after its identification, there remains no effective treatment nor vaccine for this deadly virus, leaving infants, elderly and immunocompromised patients at high risk. The success of all pathogens depends on their ability to evade and modulate the host immune response. RSV has a complex and intricate relationship with our immune systems, but a clearer understanding of these interactions is essential in the development of effective medicines. Therefore, in a bid to update and focus our research community's understanding of RSV's interaction with immune defences, this review aims to discuss how our current knowledgebase could be used to combat this global viral threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Efstathiou
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S H Abidi
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - J Harker
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK
| | - N J Stevenson
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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16
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Qiao G, Lv T, Zhang M, Chen P, Sun Q, Zhang J, Li Q. β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages in Liza haematocheila. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 107:444-451. [PMID: 33160021 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) can be hydrolyzed to β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) in the intestinal tract of animals, and dietary PHB supplementation could enhance the immunity and disease resistance of aquatic animals. Antioxidant system is responsive to PHB stimuli via MAPK/PI3K-Akt/TNF/NF-κB/TCR/TLR signaling pathways. However, the precise immunopotentiation mechanism needs further study. In this study, macrophages from spleen in Liza haematocheila was used to study the effect of β-HB on cell viability and antioxidant function to illustrate the immunopotentiation mechanism of PHB. The results showed that β-HB (100 μg/mL) promoted the viability of macrophages and balanced the production of reactive oxygen species, but inhibited the excessive production of intracellular nitric oxide. In order to further explore the immunopotentiation mechanism of β-HB, LPS (100 μg/mL) was used to induce the inflammation and investigated the inhibitory effect of β-HB on inflammation. The results showed that LPS could induce inflammation successfully, and β-HB exerted anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Compared with LPS stimuli alone, the expression of anti-inflammatory genes NF-κBIA, MAP3K8 and TLR5 in β-HB pretreatment group was up-regulated, and the expression of pro-inflammatory genes TNFSF6, TNF-α, PI3K, NF-κB and TLR1 down-regulated. It suggested that β-HB inhibited the inflammatory response by up-regulation of anti-inflammatory genes such as NF-κBIA, thereby enhancing the immunity of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Qiao
- Department of Marine Technology, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingli Lv
- Department of Marine Technology, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, Province Liaoning, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Marine Technology, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Marine Technology, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, Province Liaoning, China
| | - Qirui Sun
- Department of Marine Technology, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, Province Liaoning, China
| | - Jialin Zhang
- Department of Marine Technology, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Marine Technology, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China.
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17
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Zhou Y, Hou Y, Shen J, Mehra R, Kallianpur A, Culver DA, Gack MU, Farha S, Zein J, Comhair S, Fiocchi C, Stappenbeck T, Chan T, Eng C, Jung JU, Jehi L, Erzurum S, Cheng F. A network medicine approach to investigation and population-based validation of disease manifestations and drug repurposing for COVID-19. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000970. [PMID: 33156843 PMCID: PMC7728249 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to unprecedented social and economic consequences. The risk of morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19 increases dramatically in the presence of coexisting medical conditions, while the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Furthermore, there are no approved therapies for COVID-19. This study aims to identify SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, disease manifestations, and COVID-19 therapies using network medicine methodologies along with clinical and multi-omics observations. We incorporate SARS-CoV-2 virus-host protein-protein interactions, transcriptomics, and proteomics into the human interactome. Network proximity measurement revealed underlying pathogenesis for broad COVID-19-associated disease manifestations. Analyses of single-cell RNA sequencing data show that co-expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 is elevated in absorptive enterocytes from the inflamed ileal tissues of Crohn disease patients compared to uninflamed tissues, revealing shared pathobiology between COVID-19 and inflammatory bowel disease. Integrative analyses of metabolomics and transcriptomics (bulk and single-cell) data from asthma patients indicate that COVID-19 shares an intermediate inflammatory molecular profile with asthma (including IRAK3 and ADRB2). To prioritize potential treatments, we combined network-based prediction and a propensity score (PS) matching observational study of 26,779 individuals from a COVID-19 registry. We identified that melatonin usage (odds ratio [OR] = 0.72, 95% CI 0.56-0.91) is significantly associated with a 28% reduced likelihood of a positive laboratory test result for SARS-CoV-2 confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay. Using a PS matching user active comparator design, we determined that melatonin usage was associated with a reduced likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 positive test result compared to use of angiotensin II receptor blockers (OR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.54-0.92) or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (OR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.52-0.90). Importantly, melatonin usage (OR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.31-0.75) is associated with a 52% reduced likelihood of a positive laboratory test result for SARS-CoV-2 in African Americans after adjusting for age, sex, race, smoking history, and various disease comorbidities using PS matching. In summary, this study presents an integrative network medicine platform for predicting disease manifestations associated with COVID-19 and identifying melatonin for potential prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadi Zhou
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yuan Hou
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jiayu Shen
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Reena Mehra
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Asha Kallianpur
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Daniel A. Culver
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Michaela U. Gack
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, Florida, United States of America
| | - Samar Farha
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Joe Zein
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Suzy Comhair
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Claudio Fiocchi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Thaddeus Stappenbeck
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Timothy Chan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Charis Eng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jae U. Jung
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Lara Jehi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Serpil Erzurum
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Feixiong Cheng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
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18
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Minakshi R, Jan AT, Rahman S, Kim J. A Testimony of the Surgent SARS-CoV-2 in the Immunological Panorama of the Human Host. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:575404. [PMID: 33262955 PMCID: PMC7687052 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.575404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The resurgence of SARS in the late December of 2019 due to a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has shadowed the world with a pandemic. The physiopathology of this virus is very much in semblance with the previously known SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. However, the unprecedented transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 has been puzzling the scientific efforts. Though the virus harbors much of the genetic and architectural features of SARS-CoV, a few differences acquired during its evolutionary selective pressure is helping the SARS-CoV-2 to establish prodigious infection. Making entry into host the cell through already established ACE-2 receptor concerted with the action of TMPRSS2, is considered important for the virus. During the infection cycle of SARS-CoV-2, the innate immunity witnesses maximum dysregulations in its molecular network causing fatalities in aged, comorbid cases. The overt immunopathology manifested due to robust cytokine storm shows ARDS in severe cases of SARS-CoV-2. A delayed IFN activation gives appropriate time to the replicating virus to evade the host antiviral response and cause disruption of the adaptive response as well. We have compiled various aspects of SARS-CoV-2 in relation to its unique structural features and ability to modulate innate as well adaptive response in host, aiming at understanding the dynamism of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinki Minakshi
- Department of Microbiology, Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Arif Tasleem Jan
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | - Safikur Rahman
- Munshi Singh College, BR Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, India
| | - Jihoe Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, South Korea
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19
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Park HW, Lim G, Park YM, Chang M, Son JS, Lee R. Association between vitamin D level and bronchopulmonary dysplasia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235332. [PMID: 32628705 PMCID: PMC7337306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal vitamin D deficiency is common and is associated with development of pulmonary disease in children and adults. While the role of vitamin D in normal lung development is well established, the association between vitamin D deficiency and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains unclear. The present meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between vitamin D and BPD. We identified relevant studies (n = 8) using the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and KoreaMed databases and applied the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale to assess the methodological components of each study, and used I2 statistic to evaluate heterogeneity. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software version 3.3 was used for the statistical analysis. A total of 909 infants were included, of whom 251 (27.6%) were diagnosed with BPD. We found that both vitamin D deficiency at birth (four studies; OR 2.405; 95% CI 1.269 to 4.560; p = 0.007) and low levels of vitamin D at birth (four studies; standardized mean difference -1.463; 95% CI -2.900 to -0.027; p = 0.046) were associated with BPD. The compiled data suggest that antenatal vitamin D deficiency and low vitamin D levels are associated with neonatal BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Won Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Gina Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Mean Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Misoo Chang
- Research Coordinating Center, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sung Son
- Department of Pediatrics, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ran Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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20
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Lee EA, Johnson LR, Johnson EG, Vernau W. Clinical features and radiographic findings in cats with eosinophilic, neutrophilic, and mixed airway inflammation (2011-2018). J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:1291-1299. [PMID: 32338397 PMCID: PMC7255660 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Idiopathic inflammatory airway disease (IAD) in cats often is described as asthmatic (eosinophilic) or bronchitic (neutrophilic), but this designation requires collection of airway fluid and it fails to consider cats with mixed airway inflammation. Objective To identify clinical features that would differentiate inflammatory disease types. Animals Forty‐nine cats with nonspecific airway inflammation identified by bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) between 2011 and 2018 were evaluated. Methods This is a retrospective study. Cats were categorized by BAL differential cytology as having eosinophilic (eosinophils >20% with neutrophils <14%, or eosinophils >50%), mixed (eosinophils 20%‐50% and neutrophils >14% or discordant inflammation from 2 BAL sites), or neutrophilic (neutrophils >14% and eosinophils <20%) inflammation. Type and duration of presenting complaints, signalment, body condition score, respiratory rate, CBC results, bronchoscopy, BAL results (% recovery, total nucleated cell count, differential cell count), and radiographic findings were compared among groups. Results Idiopathic IAD was diagnosed in 49 cats, with BAL eosinophilic inflammation in 23, mixed inflammation in 14, and neutrophilic inflammation in 12. Cough was the predominant presenting complaint with no difference in duration of signs among groups (median, 5.5 months). Respiratory rate and effort also did not differ. Cats with eosinophilic inflammation were significantly younger (4.4 ± 3.3 years) than those with neutrophilic (8.0 ±5.6 years) or mixed inflammation (7.5 ± 4.0 years; P = .03). Results of CBC and interpretation of radiographic findings did not differ among groups. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Substantial overlap exists in clinical and radiographic findings in cats with various forms of idiopathic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Lee
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Lynelle R Johnson
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Eric G Johnson
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - William Vernau
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
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21
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Genetic diagnosis of autoinflammatory disease patients using clinical exome sequencing. Eur J Med Genet 2020; 63:103920. [PMID: 32222431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2020.103920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Autoinflammatory diseases comprise a wide range of syndromes caused by dysregulation of the innate immune response. They are difficult to diagnose due to their phenotypic heterogeneity and variable expressivity. Thus, the genetic origin of the disease remains undetermined for an important proportion of patients. We aim to identify causal genetic variants in patients with suspected autoinflammatory disease and to test the advantages and limitations of the clinical exome gene panels for molecular diagnosis. Twenty-two unrelated patients with clinical features of autoinflammatory diseases were analyzed using clinical exome sequencing (~4800 genes), followed by bioinformatic analyses to detect likely pathogenic variants. By integrating genetic and clinical information, we found a likely causative heterozygous genetic variant in NFKBIA (p.D31N) in a North-African patient with a clinical picture resembling the deficiency of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, and a heterozygous variant in DNASE2 (p.G322D) in a Spanish patient with a suspected lupus-like monogenic disorder. We also found variants likely to increase the susceptibility to autoinflammatory diseases in three additional Spanish patients: one with an initial diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis who carries two heterozygous UNC13D variants (p.R727Q and p.A59T), and two with early-onset inflammatory bowel disease harbouring NOD2 variants (p.L221R and p.A728V respectively). Our results show a similar proportion of molecular diagnosis to other studies using whole exome or targeted resequencing in primary immunodeficiencies. Thus, despite its main limitation of not including all candidate genes, clinical exome targeted sequencing can be an appropriate approach to detect likely causative variants in autoinflammatory diseases.
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Jones AC, Anderson D, Galbraith S, Fantino E, Gutierrez Cardenas D, Read JF, Serralha M, Holt BJ, Strickland DH, Sly PD, Bosco A, Holt PG. Personalized Transcriptomics Reveals Heterogeneous Immunophenotypes in Children with Viral Bronchiolitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 199:1537-1549. [PMID: 30562046 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201804-0715oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: A subset of infants are hypersusceptible to severe/acute viral bronchiolitis (AVB), for reasons incompletely understood. Objectives: To characterize the cellular/molecular mechanisms underlying infant AVB in circulating cells/local airway tissues. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and nasal scrapings were obtained from infants (<18 mo) and children (≥18 mo to 5 yr) during AVB and after convalescence. Immune response patterns were profiled by multiplex analysis of plasma cytokines, flow cytometry, and transcriptomics (RNA-Seq). Molecular profiling of group-level data used a combination of upstream regulator and coexpression network analysis, followed by individual subject-level data analysis using personalized N-of-1-pathways methodology. Measurements and Main Results: Group-level analyses demonstrated that infant peripheral blood mononuclear cell responses were dominated by monocyte-associated hyperupregulated type 1 IFN signaling/proinflammatory pathways (drivers: TNF [tumor necrosis factor], IL-6, TREM1 [triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1], and IL-1B), versus a combination of inflammation (PTGER2 [prostaglandin E receptor 2] and IL-6) plus growth/repair/remodeling pathways (ERBB2 [erbb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2], TGFB1 [transforming growth factor-β1], AREG [amphiregulin], and HGF [hepatocyte growth factor]) coupled with T-helper cell type 2 and natural killer cell signaling in children. Age-related differences were not attributable to differential steroid usage or variations in underlying viral pathogens. Nasal mucosal responses were comparable qualitatively in infants/children, dominated by IFN types 1-3, but the magnitude of upregulation was higher in infants (range, 6- to 48-fold) than children (5- to 17-fold). N-of-1-pathways analysis confirmed differential upregulation of innate immunity in infants and natural killer cell networks in children, and additionally demonstrated covert AVB response subphenotypes that were independent of chronologic age. Conclusions: Dysregulated expression of IFN-dependent pathways after respiratory viral infections is a defining immunophenotypic feature of AVB-susceptible infants and a subset of children. Susceptible subjects seem to represent a discrete subgroup who cluster based on (slow) kinetics of postnatal maturation of innate immune competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anya C Jones
- 1 Telethon Kids Institute and.,2 School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; and
| | | | - Sally Galbraith
- 3 Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Emmanuelle Fantino
- 3 Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - James F Read
- 1 Telethon Kids Institute and.,2 School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; and
| | | | | | | | - Peter D Sly
- 3 Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Patrick G Holt
- 1 Telethon Kids Institute and.,3 Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Delimitation of the upstream region of NFKBIA gene associated with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis using candidate Tag-SNPs in Peruvian HTLV-1 infected individuals. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 75:103929. [PMID: 31226330 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.103929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In Peru, it is estimated that about 150 000-400 000 people carry the Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1). Only 10% of HTLV-1 carries develop complications related to HTLV-1. HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a chronic disabling inflammatory disease affecting the spinal cord. HAM/TSP produces principally weakness in the lower limbs and bladder disturbances, among other complications. In a previous study, our group identified three SNPs (rs3138053, rs2233406, and rs3138045) located in the promoter region of the NFKBIA gene associated with HAM/TSP. This study aimed to analyze the association between four Tag-SNPs (rs10148482, rs17103274, rs17103282, and rs762009) located in the upstream region of the NFKBIA gene and HAM/TSP, and to delimit the linkage disequilibrium zone in the upstream region of the NFBKIA gene associated with HAM/TSP. The tetra-primers ARMS-PCR technique was used to genotype 4 Tag-SNPs on 140 HAM/TSP patients and 258 asymptomatic carriers. The SNP rs17103282 showed a deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p < .0001). Neither of three Tag-SNPs showed an association with HAM/TSP (P > .05). No linkage disequilibrium between four Tag-SNPs evaluated in this study and previous ones was observed. Here we show the region located in the upstream region of the NFKBIA gene highly associated with HAM/TSP disease in patients infected with HTLV-1 from Lima, Peru.
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LaCanna R, Liccardo D, Zhang P, Tragesser L, Wang Y, Cao T, Chapman HA, Morrisey EE, Shen H, Koch WJ, Kosmider B, Wolfson MR, Tian Y. Yap/Taz regulate alveolar regeneration and resolution of lung inflammation. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:2107-2122. [PMID: 30985294 DOI: 10.1172/jci125014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar epithelium plays a pivotal role in protecting the lungs from inhaled infectious agents. Therefore, the regenerative capacity of the alveolar epithelium is critical for recovery from these insults in order to rebuild the epithelial barrier and restore pulmonary functions. Here, we show that sublethal infection of mice with Streptococcus pneumoniae, the most common pathogen of community-acquired pneumonia, led to exclusive damage in lung alveoli, followed by alveolar epithelial regeneration and resolution of lung inflammation. We show that surfactant protein C-expressing (SPC-expressing) alveolar epithelial type II cells (AECIIs) underwent proliferation and differentiation after infection, which contributed to the newly formed alveolar epithelium. This increase in AECII activities was correlated with increased nuclear expression of Yap and Taz, the mediators of the Hippo pathway. Mice that lacked Yap/Taz in AECIIs exhibited prolonged inflammatory responses in the lung and were delayed in alveolar epithelial regeneration during bacterial pneumonia. This impaired alveolar epithelial regeneration was paralleled by a failure to upregulate IκBa, the molecule that terminates NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses. These results demonstrate that signals governing resolution of lung inflammation were altered in Yap/Taz mutant mice, which prevented the development of a proper regenerative niche, delaying repair and regeneration of alveolar epithelium during bacterial pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan LaCanna
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniela Liccardo
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peggy Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lauren Tragesser
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tongtong Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Harold A Chapman
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Edward E Morrisey
- Department of Medicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hao Shen
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Walter J Koch
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Beata Kosmider
- Department of Physiology, Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marla R Wolfson
- Department of Physiology, Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Casavant SG, Cong X, Moore J, Starkweather A. Associations between preterm infant stress, epigenetic alteration, telomere length and neurodevelopmental outcomes: A systematic review. Early Hum Dev 2019; 131:63-74. [PMID: 30870624 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Every year, an estimated 15 million babies are born preterm (<37 weeks' gestational age [GA]) globally. These preterm infants are exposed to repeated stressful and often painful procedures as part of routine life-saving care within the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Preterm birth continues to be a major health issue associated with increased risk of neurodevelopmental and behavioral disorders such as cerebral palsy, cognitive impairment, autism spectrum disorders and psychiatric disease. OBJECTIVE This paper identifies epigenetic alterations and incidence of telomere erosion that have been studied in preterm infants while in the NICU and as a long-term outcome measure. Better understanding of epigenetic alterations and telomere erosion might aid in early detection and prevention/alleviation of the negative effects of cumulative painful/stressful experiences in this population. METHODS The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards were used to guide this review. Systematic searches of databases included PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS and PsychInfo. RESULTS Twenty-one studies were included, appraised and then synthesized into a narrative summary. DISCUSSION Several putative epigenetic markers were identified although there was a paucity of studies related to telomere length. The interaction of disease entity combined with therapeutic interventions intended to treat may inadvertently increase infant allostatic load or ability to adapt to stress. Future research should include not only human studies but leverage newly available large data sets to conduct additional analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon G Casavant
- School of Nursing, University of Connecticut, 231 Glenbrook Road, U-2026, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The Hospital of Central Connecticut, 100 Grand Street, New Britain, CT 06052, USA.
| | - Xiaomei Cong
- School of Nursing, University of Connecticut, 231 Glenbrook Road, U-2026, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - James Moore
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, 282 Washington Street, Hartford, CT 06106, USA; Pediatrics, University of Connecticut Medical School, 263 Farmington Avenue Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Angela Starkweather
- School of Nursing, University of Connecticut, 231 Glenbrook Road, U-2026, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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Tighe RM, Heck K, Soderblom E, Zhou S, Birukova A, Young K, Rouse D, Vidas J, Komforti MK, Toomey CB, Cuttitta F, Sunday ME. Immediate Release of Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Mediates Delayed Radiation-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:1029-1040. [PMID: 30898588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RTPF) is a progressive, serious condition in many subjects treated for thoracic malignancies or after accidental nuclear exposure. No biomarker exists for identifying the irradiated subjects most susceptible to pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Previously, we determined that gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) was elevated within days after birth in newborns exposed to hyperoxia who later developed chronic lung disease. The goal of the current study was to test whether radiation (RT) exposure triggers GRP release in mice and whether this contributes to RTPF in vivo. We determined urine GRP levels and lung GRP immunostaining in mice 0 to 24 after post-thoracic RT (15 Gy). Urine GRP levels were significantly elevated between 24 hours post-RT; GRP-blocking monoclonal antibody 2A11, given minutes post-RT, abrogated urine GRP levels by 6 to 12 hours and also altered phosphoprotein signaling pathways at 24 hours post-RT. Strong extracellular GRP immunostaining was observed in lung at 6 hours post-RT. Mice given one dose of GRP monoclonal antibody 2A11 24 hours post-RT had significantly reduced myofibroblast accumulation and collagen deposition 15 weeks later, indicating protection against lung fibrosis. Therefore, elevation of urine GRP could be predictive of RTPF development. In addition, transient GRP blockade could mitigate PF in normal lung after therapeutic or accidental RT exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Tighe
- Division of Pulmonary-Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Duke University Durham, North Carolina
| | - Karissa Heck
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Durham, North Carolina
| | - Erik Soderblom
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Durham, North Carolina
| | - Shutang Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Durham, North Carolina
| | - Anastasiya Birukova
- Division of Pulmonary-Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Duke University Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kenneth Young
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Durham, North Carolina
| | - Douglas Rouse
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, Duke University Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jessica Vidas
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Durham, North Carolina
| | | | | | - Frank Cuttitta
- Mouse, Cancer and Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Mary E Sunday
- Division of Pulmonary-Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Duke University Durham, North Carolina; Department of Pathology, Duke University Durham, North Carolina.
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Casavant SG, Cong X, Fitch RH, Moore J, Rosenkrantz T, Starkweather A. Allostatic Load and Biomarkers of Stress in the Preterm Infant: An Integrative Review. Biol Res Nurs 2019; 21:210-223. [DOI: 10.1177/1099800418824415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Every year, an estimated 15 million babies are born preterm (<37 weeks’ gestational age) globally. These preterm infants are exposed to repeated stressful and often painful procedures as part of routine life-saving care within the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Low thresholds for tactile and nociceptive input make it more difficult for neonates to discriminate between noxious and nonnoxious stimuli, which can result in continuous activation of stress responses in an attempt to achieve stability through adaptation, or allostasis. Rapidly reoccurring stressors can render stress-response systems over- or underactive, creating wear and tear, or allostatic load. A better understanding of biomarkers related to allostatic load might aid in early detection and prevention/alleviation of allostatic load in this population. Purpose: To identify stress biomarkers that have been studied in preterm infants at different time points in the NICU and as long-term outcome measures. Method/search Strategy: Systematic searches were conducted of PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS, and PsychInfo databases. Findings/results: Twenty-one studies met inclusion criteria for this review. Several putative biomarkers were identified, including cortisol levels, epigenetic markers, brain microstructure, markers of oxidative stress, and the brain–gut–microbiome axis. Conclusion: The interaction of disease with therapeutic interventions may inadvertently increase infant allostatic load. In addition to human studies, future research should leverage newly available large data sets to conduct additional analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon G. Casavant
- School of Nursing, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The Hospital of Central Connecticut, New Britain, CT, USA
| | - Xiaomei Cong
- School of Nursing, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Roslyn H. Fitch
- Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - James Moore
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Ted Rosenkrantz
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
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Nair PM, Starkey MR, Haw TJ, Ruscher R, Liu G, Maradana MR, Thomas R, O'Sullivan BJ, Hansbro PM. RelB-Deficient Dendritic Cells Promote the Development of Spontaneous Allergic Airway Inflammation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 58:352-365. [PMID: 28960101 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0242oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
RelB is a member of the NF-κB family, which is essential for dendritic cell (DC) function and maturation. However, the contribution of RelB to the development of allergic airway inflammation (AAI) is unknown. Here, we identify a pivotal role for RelB in the development of spontaneous AAI that is independent of exogenous allergen exposure. We assessed AAI in two strains of RelB-deficient (RelB-/-) mice: one with a targeted deletion and one expressing a major histocompatibility complex transgene. To determine the importance of RelB in DCs, RelB-sufficient DCs (RelB+/+ or RelB-/-) were adoptively transferred into RelB-/- mice. Both strains had increased pulmonary inflammation compared with their respective wild-type (RelB+/+) and heterozygous (RelB+/-) controls. RelB-/- mice also had increased inflammatory cell influx into the airways, levels of chemokines (CCL2/3/4/5/11/17 and CXCL9/10/13) and T-helper cell type 2-associated cytokines (IL-4/5) in lung tissues, serum IgE, and airway remodeling (mucus-secreting cell numbers, collagen deposition, and epithelial thickening). Transfer of RelB+/- CD11c+ DCs into RelB-/- mice decreased pulmonary inflammation, with reductions in lung chemokines, T-helper cell type 2-associated cytokines (IL-4/5/13/25/33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin), serum IgE, type 2 innate lymphoid cells, myeloid DCs, γδ T cells, lung Vβ13+ T cells, mucus-secreting cells, airway collagen deposition, and epithelial thickening. These data indicate that RelB deficiency may be a key pathway underlying AAI, and that DC-encoded RelB is sufficient to restore control of this inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prema M Nair
- 1 Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and.,2 School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Malcolm R Starkey
- 1 Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and.,3 Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.,2 School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tatt Jhong Haw
- 1 Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and.,2 School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Roland Ruscher
- 4 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and.,5 Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and.,6 Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gang Liu
- 1 Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and.,2 School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Muralidhara R Maradana
- 6 Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ranjeny Thomas
- 6 Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brendan J O'Sullivan
- 6 Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- 1 Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and.,2 School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
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Seidi A, Mirzaahmadi S, Mahmoodi K, Soleiman-Soltanpour M. The association between NFKB1 -94ATTG ins/del and NFKB1A 826C/T genetic variations and coronary artery disease risk. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2018; 7:17-24. [PMID: 29911119 PMCID: PMC5991530 DOI: 10.22099/mbrc.2018.28261.1302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is considered as a chronic inflammatory disease initiated from early childhood. Nuclear factor κB (NF κB) and κB1A (NF κB1A) are the key regulators of inflammatory responses. The NFKB1 -94ATTG ins/del and NFKB1A -826C/T polymorphisms may contribute to the development of CAD. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of these polymorphisms with the risk of CAD. The study population included 120 patients with angiographically confirmed CAD and 100 matched controls. Genotyping of NFKB1 -94ATTG ins/del and NFKB1A -826C/T polymorphism was performed using PCR-RFLP method. Lipid level was determined by routine colorimetric methods. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS 16 software. Results indicated that the genotypic (P=0.041) and allelic (P=0.009) distribution of the NFKB1-94ATTG ins/del polymorphism was significantly different between the two groups. In the univariate analysis (ins/ins genotype as reference), the del/del genotype (OR=2.88, 95% CI=1.21-6.84, P=0.015) but not ins/del genotype (OR=1.48, 95% CI=0.83-2.64, P=0.191) was significantly associated with the increased risk of CAD. In the multiple binary logistic regression analysis, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and NFKB1 -94ATTG del/del genotype were identified as significant and independent risk factors for CAD development. The distribution of genotypes and alleles of NFKB1A -826C/T polymorphism was not significantly different between the two groups. In conclusion the present study identified NFKB1 -94ATTG ins/del polymorphism but not NFKB1A -826C/T polymorphism as a significant and independent risk factor for development and severity of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Seidi
- Department of Genetic, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan Branch, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Sina Mirzaahmadi
- Department of Genetic, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan Branch, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Khalil Mahmoodi
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soleiman-Soltanpour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Cingi C, Muluk NB. Hygiene Hypothesis: What Is the Current Thinking? CURRENT OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40136-017-0158-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Plantinga TS, Petrulea MS, Oosting M, Joosten LAB, Piciu D, Smit JW, Netea-Maier RT, Georgescu CE. Association of NF-κB polymorphisms with clinical outcome of non-medullary thyroid carcinoma. Endocr Relat Cancer 2017; 24:307-318. [PMID: 28428267 DOI: 10.1530/erc-17-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The NF-κB inflammatory pathway plays a major role in cancer development and clinical progression. Activation of NF-κB signaling is promoted by NFKB1 and inhibited by NFKBIA. The present study aimed to determine the relevance of NFKB1 rs4648068 and NFKBIA rs2233406 genetic variants for non-medullary thyroid cancer (NMTC) susceptibility, progression and clinical outcome. This case-control and cohort study consists of a Romanian discovery cohort (157 patients and 258 controls) and a Dutch validation cohort (138 patients and 188 controls). In addition, patient cohorts were analyzed further for the association of genetic variants with clinical parameters. Functional studies were performed on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. No associations were observed between the studied genetic variants and TC susceptibility. Although no statistically significant associations with clinical parameters were observed for NFKB1 rs4648068, the heterozygous genotype of NFKBIA rs2233406 was correlated with decreased radioactive iodide sensitivity requiring higher cumulative dosages to achieve clinical response. These findings were discovered in the Romanian cohort (P < 0.001) and confirmed in the Dutch cohort (P = 0.01). Functional studies revealed that this NFKBIA rs2233406 genotype was associated with elevated TLR4-mediated IL-1β production. In conclusion, genetic variation in NFKBIA, an inhibitor of NF-κB signaling, is associated with clinical response to RAI therapy and with increased production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β, providing a potential mechanism for the observed clinical associations. These data suggest that NF-κB signaling is involved in NMTC pathogenesis and that the inflammatory tumor microenvironment could contribute to RAI resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo S Plantinga
- Department of Internal MedicineRadboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of PathologyRadboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mirela S Petrulea
- Department of EndocrinologyIuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marije Oosting
- Department of Internal MedicineRadboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal MedicineRadboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Johannes W Smit
- Department of Internal MedicineRadboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Romana T Netea-Maier
- Department of Internal MedicineRadboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carmen E Georgescu
- Department of EndocrinologyIuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Interdisciplinary Care of Children with Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. J Pediatr 2017; 181:12-28.e1. [PMID: 27908648 PMCID: PMC5562402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.10.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Liu S, Chen Y, Xie S, Xu Q, Chen J, Wang C, Wang Z, Ma S, Wu X, Zhang N. Gene Expression Profiles of HIV/AIDS Patients with Qi-Yin Deficiency and Dampness-Heat Retention. J Altern Complement Med 2016; 22:865-879. [PMID: 27759429 PMCID: PMC5116685 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2015.0350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) applied in the clinic as a complementary and alternative therapy has helped improve immunity and reduce side effects and symptomatic treatment in patients with HIV/AIDS. However, the mechanisms of TCM syndromes are not clear. Transcriptomics enables the study of such TCM syndromes. Design: This study compared the messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of healthy persons and patients with HIV/AIDS who had two common TCM syndromes, qi-yin deficiency and dampness-heat retention, to find the difference in HIV/AIDS with TCM syndromes. Results: Comparison with healthy persons identified 113 mRNAs—41 enhanced and 72 decreased—in the qi-yin deficiency group. Additionally, 76 mRNAs were found in the dampness-heat retention group: 14 increased and 62 decreased. Functional genetic analysis of the mRNAs indicated that two TCM syndromes were correlated with cell apoptosis, immunoinflammatory responses, and lymphocyte activation. Differentially expressed mRNAs in the qi-yin deficiency group were obviously associated with cellular activity, communication, protein localization, cellular ion homeostasis, and regulation of cell motion, whereas mRNAs in the dampness-heat retention group were associated with sequence-specific DNA binding, cellular response to stress, and hemopoietic or lymphoid organ development. Conclusions: These results suggest that the formation of different TCM syndromes in patients with HIV/AIDS were founded on biological transcriptomics, which reveal mechanisms of the formation of these syndromes in HIV/AIDS. Differentially expressed mRNAs in two TCM syndrome groups tended to normalize after TCM intervention, which indicates that TCM might remit symptoms by changing genetic expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Liu
- 1 Department of Clinical Foundation of TCM, Henan University of TCM , Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yulong Chen
- 2 Department of Molecular Biology, Henan University of TCM , Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shiping Xie
- 1 Department of Clinical Foundation of TCM, Henan University of TCM , Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qianlei Xu
- 3 Department of Infection Epidemiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan, University of TCM , Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianshe Chen
- 4 Andrology of Henan, Chinese Medicine Hospital , Zhengzhou, China
| | - Changhai Wang
- 5 Department of Diagnostics, Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University of TCM , Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- 6 College of Life Science, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
| | - Suna Ma
- 7 AIDS Institute of Henan University of TCM, Henan University of TCM , Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xingwei Wu
- 7 AIDS Institute of Henan University of TCM, Henan University of TCM , Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- 8 Department of Internal Medicine of TCM, People's Hospital of Zhongmou County , Zhongmou, China
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Rozmus J, McDonald R, Fung SY, Del Bel KL, Roden J, Senger C, Schultz KR, McKinnon ML, Davis J, Turvey SE. Successful clinical treatment and functional immunological normalization of human MALT1 deficiency following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Clin Immunol 2016; 168:1-5. [PMID: 27109639 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
MALT1 mutations impair normal NF-κB activation and paracaspase activity to cause a novel combined immunodeficiency. The clinical and immunological phenotype of MALT1 deficiency can be successfully treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation following reduced intensity conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Rozmus
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rachel McDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shan-Yu Fung
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kate L Del Bel
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Juliana Roden
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christof Senger
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kirk R Schultz
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Margaret L McKinnon
- Medical Genetics, Child & Family Research Institute, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Foong RE, Bosco A, Jones AC, Gout A, Gorman S, Hart PH, Zosky GR. The effects of in utero vitamin D deficiency on airway smooth muscle mass and lung function. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 53:664-75. [PMID: 25867172 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0356oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass and airway hyperresponsiveness in whole-life vitamin D-deficient female mice. In this study, we aimed to uncover the molecular mechanisms contributing to altered lung structure and function. RNA was extracted from lung tissue of whole-life vitamin D-deficient and -replete female mice, and gene expression patterns were profiled by RNA sequencing. The data showed that genes involved in embryonic organ development, pattern formation, branching morphogenesis, Wingless/Int signaling, and inflammation were differentially expressed in vitamin D-deficient mice. Network analysis suggested that differentially expressed genes were connected by the hubs matrix metallopeptidase 9; NF-κ light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor, α; epidermal growth factor receptor; and E1A binding protein p300. Given our findings that developmental pathways may be altered, we investigated if the timing of vitamin D exposure (in utero vs. postnatal) had an impact on lung health outcomes. Gene expression was measured in in utero or postnatal vitamin D-deficient mice, as well as whole-life vitamin D-deficient and -replete mice at 8 weeks of age. Baseline lung function, airway hyperresponsiveness, and airway inflammation were measured and lungs fixed for lung structure assessment using stereological methods and quantification of ASM mass. In utero vitamin D deficiency was sufficient to increase ASM mass and baseline airway resistance and alter lung structure. There were increased neutrophils but decreased lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage. Expression of inflammatory molecules S100A9 and S100A8 was mainly increased in postnatal vitamin D-deficient mice. These observations suggest that in utero vitamin D deficiency can alter lung structure and function and increase inflammation, contributing to symptoms in chronic diseases, such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Foong
- 1 Telethon Kids Institute, the University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; and
| | - Anthony Bosco
- 1 Telethon Kids Institute, the University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; and
| | - Anya C Jones
- 1 Telethon Kids Institute, the University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; and
| | - Alex Gout
- 1 Telethon Kids Institute, the University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; and
| | - Shelley Gorman
- 1 Telethon Kids Institute, the University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; and
| | - Prue H Hart
- 1 Telethon Kids Institute, the University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; and
| | - Graeme R Zosky
- 2 School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Abstract
Premature infants suffer significant respiratory morbidity during infancy with long-term negative consequences on health, quality of life, and health care costs. Enhanced susceptibility to a variety of infections and inflammation play a large role in early and prolonged lung disease following premature birth, although the mechanisms of susceptibility and immune dysregulation are active areas of research. This article reviews aspects of host-pathogen interactions and immune responses that are altered by preterm birth and that impact chronic respiratory morbidity in these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria S. Pryhuber
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 651, Rochester, NY 14642, USA,Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA,Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 651, Rochester, NY 14642.
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Barr T, Girke T, Sureshchandra S, Nguyen C, Grant K, Messaoudi I. Alcohol Consumption Modulates Host Defense in Rhesus Macaques by Altering Gene Expression in Circulating Leukocytes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 196:182-95. [PMID: 26621857 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence indicate that chronic alcohol use disorder leads to increased susceptibility to several viral and bacterial infections, whereas moderate alcohol consumption decreases the incidence of colds and improves immune responses to some pathogens. In line with these observations, we recently showed that heavy ethanol intake (average blood ethanol concentrations > 80 mg/dl) suppressed, whereas moderate alcohol consumption (blood ethanol concentrations < 50 mg/dl) enhanced, T and B cell responses to modified vaccinia Ankara vaccination in a nonhuman primate model of voluntary ethanol consumption. To uncover the molecular basis for impaired immunity with heavy alcohol consumption and enhanced immune response with moderate alcohol consumption, we performed a transcriptome analysis using PBMCs isolated on day 7 post-modified vaccinia Ankara vaccination, the earliest time point at which we detected differences in T cell and Ab responses. Overall, chronic heavy alcohol consumption reduced the expression of immune genes involved in response to infection and wound healing and increased the expression of genes associated with the development of lung inflammatory disease and cancer. In contrast, chronic moderate alcohol consumption upregulated the expression of genes involved in immune response and reduced the expression of genes involved in cancer. To uncover mechanisms underlying the alterations in PBMC transcriptomes, we profiled the expression of microRNAs within the same samples. Chronic heavy ethanol consumption altered the levels of several microRNAs involved in cancer and immunity and known to regulate the expression of mRNAs differentially expressed in our data set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasha Barr
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Thomas Girke
- Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521; and
| | - Suhas Sureshchandra
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Christina Nguyen
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Kathleen Grant
- Division of Neurosciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Ilhem Messaoudi
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521;
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Bhatraju P, Hsu C, Mukherjee P, Glavan BJ, Burt A, Mikacenic C, Himmelfarb J, Wurfel M. Associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms in the FAS pathway and acute kidney injury. Crit Care 2015; 19:368. [PMID: 26477820 PMCID: PMC4610046 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-015-1084-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction To determine whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FAS and related genes are associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methods We studied 401 (Caucasian N = 310 and African-American N = 91) patients aged ≥ 13 years with ALI who enrolled in the Fluid and Catheter Treatment Trial (FACTT) between 2000 and 2005 from 20 North American centers. We genotyped 367 SNPs in 45 genes of the Fas/Fas ligand pathway to identify associations between SNPs in Fas pathway genes and the development of AKI by day 2 after enrollment in FACTT, adapting Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) criteria. Written informed consent was obtained from participants or legally authorized surrogates in the original FACTT study and available to use for secondary analysis. Results In Caucasian patients, we identified associations between two SNPs and the incidence of AKI (stage 1 and above): rs1050851 and rs2233417; both are found within the gene for nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha (NFKBIA). For rs1050851 and rs2233417, the odds ratios (ORs) were 2.34 (95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.58–3.46, p = 1.06 × 10−5, FDR = 0.003) and 2.46 (CI = 1.61–3.76, p = 1.81 × 10−5, FDR = 0.003) for each minor allele, respectively. The associations were stronger still for AKIN stage 2–3 with respective ORs 4.00 (CI = 2.10–7.62, p = 1.05 × 10−5, FDR = 0.003) and 4.03 (CI = 2.09–7.77, p = 1.88 × 10−5, FDR = 0.003) for each minor allele homozygote. We observed no significant association between these SNPs and AKI in the smaller subset of African Americans. Conclusion In Caucasian patients with ALI, the presence of minor alleles in two SNPs in NFKBIA was strongly associated with the development of AKI. Trial registration NCT00281268. Registered 20/01/2006. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13054-015-1084-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Bhatraju
- Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Harborview Medical Center, 325 Ninth Avenue, Box 359640, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA.
| | - Christine Hsu
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Paramita Mukherjee
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Bradford J Glavan
- Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Oregon Clinic, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Amber Burt
- Biostatistics University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Carmen Mikacenic
- Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Jonathan Himmelfarb
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Mark Wurfel
- Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Pinto P, Salgado C, Santos NPC, Santos S, Ribeiro-dos-Santos Â. Influence of Genetic Ancestry on INDEL Markers of NFKβ1, CASP8, PAR1, IL4 and CYP19A1 Genes in Leprosy Patients. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0004050. [PMID: 26367014 PMCID: PMC4569399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leprosy is an insidious infectious disease caused by the obligate intracellular bacteria Mycobacterium leprae, and host genetic factors can modulate the immune response and generate distinct categories of leprosy susceptibility that are also influenced by genetic ancestry. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We investigated the possible effects of CYP19A1 [rs11575899], NFKβ1 [rs28362491], IL1α [rs3783553], CASP8 [rs3834129], UGT1A1 [rs8175347], PAR1 [rs11267092], CYP2E1 [INDEL 96pb] and IL4 [rs79071878] genes in a group of 141 leprosy patients and 180 healthy individuals. The INDELs were typed by PCR Multiplex in ABI PRISM 3130 and analyzed with GeneMapper ID v3.2. The NFKβ1, CASP8, PAR1 and IL4 INDELs were associated with leprosy susceptibility, while NFKβ1, CASP8, PAR1 and CYP19A1 were associated with the MB (Multibacilary) clinical form of leprosy. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE NFKβ1 [rs28362491], CASP8 [rs3834129], PAR1 [rs11267092] and IL4 [rs79071878] genes are potential markers for susceptibility to leprosy development, while the INDELs in NFKβ1, CASP8, PAR1 and CYP19A1 (rs11575899) are potential markers for the severe clinical form MB. Moreover, all of these markers are influenced by genetic ancestry, and European contribution increases the risk to leprosy development, in other hand an increase in African contribution generates protection against leprosy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Pinto
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia - NPO, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | - Claudio Salgado
- Laboratório de Dermatoimunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | | | - Sidney Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia - NPO, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | - Ândrea Ribeiro-dos-Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia - NPO, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil
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40
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Cunningham S, Rodriguez A, Adams T, Boyd KA, Butcher I, Enderby B, MacLean M, McCormick J, Paton JY, Wee F, Thomas H, Riding K, Turner SW, Williams C, McIntosh E, Lewis SC. Oxygen saturation targets in infants with bronchiolitis (BIDS): a double-blind, randomised, equivalence trial. Lancet 2015; 386:1041-8. [PMID: 26382998 PMCID: PMC4673090 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00163-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends a permissive hypoxaemic target for an oxygen saturation of 90% for children with bronchiolitis, which is consistent with the WHO recommendations for targets in children with lower respiratory tract infections. No evidence exists to support this threshold. We aimed to assess whether the 90% or higher target for management of oxygen supplementation was equivalent to a normoxic 94% or higher target for infants admitted to hospital with viral bronchiolitis. METHODS We did a parallel-group, randomised, controlled, equivalence trial of infants aged 6 weeks to 12 months of age with physician-diagnosed bronchiolitis newly admitted into eight paediatric hospital units in the UK (the Bronchiolitis of Infancy Discharge Study [BIDS]). A central computer randomly allocated (1:1) infants, in varying length blocks of four and six and without stratification, to be clipped to standard oximeters (patients treated with oxygen if pulse oxygen saturation [SpO2] <94%) or modified oximeters (displayed a measured value of 90% as 94%, therefore oxygen not given until SpO2 <90%). All parents, clinical staff, and outcome assessors were masked to allocation. The primary outcome was time to resolution of cough (prespecified equivalence limits of plus or minus 2 days) in the intention-to-treat population. This trial is registered with ISRCTN, number ISRCTN28405428. FINDINGS Between Oct 3, and March 30, 2012, and Oct 1, and March 29, 2013, we randomly assigned 308 infants to standard oximeters and 307 infants to modified oximeters. Cough resolved by 15·0 days (median) in both groups (95% CI for difference -1 to 2) and so oxygen thresholds were equivalent. We recorded 35 serious adverse events in 32 infants in the standard care group and 25 serious adverse events in 24 infants in the modified care group. In the standard care group, eight infants transferred to a high-dependency unit, 23 were readmitted, and one had a prolonged hospital stay. In the modified care group, 12 infants were transferred to a high-dependency unit and 12 were readmitted to hospital. Recorded adverse events did not differ significantly. INTERPRETATION Management of infants with bronchiolitis to an oxygen saturation target of 90% or higher is as safe and clinically effective as one of 94% or higher. Future research should assess the benefits and risks of different oxygen saturation targets in acute respiratory infection in older children, particularly in developing nations where resources are scarce. FUNDING National Institute for Health Research, Health Technology Assessment programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Cunningham
- Department of Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Aryelly Rodriguez
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tim Adams
- Department of Paediatrics, Crosshouse Hospital, Kilmarnock, UK
| | - Kathleen A Boyd
- Health Economics & Health Technology Assessment, Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Isabella Butcher
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Morag MacLean
- Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jonathan McCormick
- Department of Paediatrics, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - James Y Paton
- School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Fiona Wee
- Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Huw Thomas
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Bristol Children's Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Kay Riding
- Department of Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | - Emma McIntosh
- Health Economics & Health Technology Assessment, Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Steff C Lewis
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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The evolution of the hygiene hypothesis: the role of early-life exposures to viruses and microbes and their relationship to asthma and allergic diseases. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 14:390-6. [PMID: 25102107 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Understanding the mechanisms involved in the development of asthma and allergic diseases is expanding, due in part to sequencing advances that have led to the identification of new viral strains such as human rhinovirus strain C (HRV-C) and the human microbiome project. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have identified new ways in which viral and microbial exposures in early life interact with host genetic background/variants to modify the risk for developing asthma and allergic diseases. Recent research suggests that HRV-C is the main pathogenic agent associated with infant wheeze, hospitalizations and likely the subsequent development of asthma. Pulmonary He MRI suggests that HRV infection in early childhood and subsequent immune responses initiate airway remodeling. Numerous studies of the microbiome indicate that intestinal and airway microbiome diversity and composition contribute to the cause of asthma and allergic diseases. SUMMARY Susceptibility to asthma and allergic diseases is complex and involves genetic variants and environmental exposures (bacteria, viruses, smoking, and pet ownership), alteration of our microbiome and potentially large-scale manipulation of the environment over the past century.
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Rosewich M, Zissler UM, Kheiri T, Voss S, Eickmeier O, Schulze J, Herrmann E, Dücker RP, Schubert R, Zielen S. Airway inflammation in children and adolescents with bronchiolitis obliterans. Cytokine 2015; 73:156-62. [PMID: 25748838 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway inflammation plays a major role in the progression of chronic lung diseases. The features of airway inflammation are not well defined among patients with cases of bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) that began in childhood. OBJECTIVES To investigate the sputum cell and cytokine profiles of stable cases of BO regarding lung function and the involvement of small airway disease (SAD). METHODS Twenty patients with BO (median age=14.5, range=7-23years) and 22 healthy controls (median age=16.5years, range=7-24years) were investigated. Lung function parameters and bronchial reversibility testing as well as sputum cell and cytokine profiles (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-5, IFN-γ, and NFκB regulation) were analysed using quantitative RT-PCR and cytometric bead assay (CBA) in induced sputum. RESULTS Patients with BO had significantly lower lung function values, including FVC, forced expiratory volume (FEV1), the Tiffeneau index (FEV1/VC), and MEF25, but increased functional residual capacity (RV/TLC) values. Bronchial reversibility was found in five patients (25%). Moreover, airway inflammation (as indicated by total cells, neutrophils, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and NFκB) was significantly increased among patients with BO compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS BO is predominantly a neutrophilic disease of the small bronchioles featuring elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines leading to tissue remodelling and fibrosis of the small airways. Future therapies for patients with BO should more efficiently target the small airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rosewich
- Department of Paediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Cystic Fibrosis, Children's Hospital, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Ulrich M Zissler
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University and Helmholtz Center Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja Kheiri
- Department of Paediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Cystic Fibrosis, Children's Hospital, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sandra Voss
- Department of Paediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Cystic Fibrosis, Children's Hospital, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Olaf Eickmeier
- Department of Paediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Cystic Fibrosis, Children's Hospital, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Johannes Schulze
- Department of Paediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Cystic Fibrosis, Children's Hospital, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Eva Herrmann
- Institute of Biostatistics and Mathematical Modelling, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ruth Pia Dücker
- Department of Paediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Cystic Fibrosis, Children's Hospital, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ralf Schubert
- Department of Paediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Cystic Fibrosis, Children's Hospital, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefan Zielen
- Department of Paediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Cystic Fibrosis, Children's Hospital, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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Zhu H, Xin X. Common Dysregulation of Ribosomal Genes Present in Infants with Acute Respiratory Infection of Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Rhinovirus, and Influenza A. PEDIATRIC ALLERGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND PULMONOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1089/ped.2014.0400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huilan Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, First People's Hospital of Ji'nan City, Jinan, China
| | - Xinxin Xin
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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44
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Lambert L, Sagfors AM, Openshaw PJM, Culley FJ. Immunity to RSV in Early-Life. Front Immunol 2014; 5:466. [PMID: 25324843 PMCID: PMC4179512 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the commonest cause of severe respiratory infection in infants, leading to over 3 million hospitalizations and around 66,000 deaths worldwide each year. RSV bronchiolitis predominantly strikes apparently healthy infants, with age as the principal risk factor for severe disease. The differences in the immune response to RSV in the very young are likely to be key to determining the clinical outcome of this common infection. Remarkable age-related differences in innate cytokine responses follow recognition of RSV by numerous pattern recognition receptors, and the importance of this early response is supported by polymorphisms in many early innate genes, which associate with bronchiolitis. In the absence of strong, Th1 polarizing signals, infants develop T cell responses that can be biased away from protective Th1 and cytotoxic T cell immunity toward dysregulated, Th2 and Th17 polarization. This may contribute not only to the initial inflammation in bronchiolitis, but also to the long-term increased risk of developing wheeze and asthma later in life. An early-life vaccine for RSV will need to overcome the difficulties of generating a protective response in infants, and the proven risks associated with generating an inappropriate response. Infantile T follicular helper and B cell responses are immature, but maternal antibodies can afford some protection. Thus, maternal vaccination is a promising alternative approach. However, even in adults adaptive immunity following natural infection is poorly protective, allowing re-infection even with the same strain of RSV. This gives us few clues as to how effective vaccination could be achieved. Challenges remain in understanding how respiratory immunity matures with age, and the external factors influencing its development. Determining why some infants develop bronchiolitis should lead to new therapies to lessen the clinical impact of RSV and aid the rational design of protective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lambert
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Agnes M. Sagfors
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Fiona J. Culley
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Kramer K, Thye T, Treszl A, Peine S, Koch M, Sterneck M, Nashan B, Thude H. Polymorphism in NFKBIA gene is associated with recurrent acute rejections in liver transplant recipients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 84:370-7. [DOI: 10.1111/tan.12411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Kramer
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg 20246 Germany
| | - T. Thye
- Molecular Medicine Department; Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine; Hamburg 20359 Germany
| | - A. Treszl
- Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg 20246 Germany
| | - S. Peine
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg 20246 Germany
| | - M. Koch
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg 20246 Germany
| | - M. Sterneck
- Department of Medicine; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg 20246 Germany
| | - B. Nashan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg 20246 Germany
| | - H. Thude
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg 20246 Germany
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Kanagaratham C, Marino R, Camateros P, Ren J, Houle D, Sladek R, Vidal SM, Radzioch D. Mapping of a chromosome 12 region associated with airway hyperresponsiveness in a recombinant congenic mouse strain and selection of potential candidate genes by expression and sequence variation analyses. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104234. [PMID: 25111050 PMCID: PMC4128649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In a previous study we determined that BcA86 mice, a strain belonging to a panel of AcB/BcA recombinant congenic strains, have an airway responsiveness phenotype resembling mice from the airway hyperresponsive A/J strain. The majority of the BcA86 genome is however from the hyporesponsive C57BL/6J strain. The aim of this study was to identify candidate regions and genes associated with airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) by quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis using the BcA86 strain. Airway responsiveness of 205 F2 mice generated from backcrossing BcA86 strain to C57BL/6J strain was measured and used for QTL analysis to identify genomic regions in linkage with AHR. Consomic mice for the QTL containing chromosomes were phenotyped to study the contribution of each chromosome to lung responsiveness. Candidate genes within the QTL were selected based on expression differences in mRNA from whole lungs, and the presence of coding non-synonymous mutations that were predicted to have a functional effect by amino acid substitution prediction tools. One QTL for AHR was identified on Chromosome 12 with its 95% confidence interval ranging from 54.6 to 82.6 Mbp and a maximum LOD score of 5.11 (p = 3.68×10−3). We confirmed that the genotype of mouse Chromosome 12 is an important determinant of lung responsiveness using a Chromosome 12 substitution strain. Mice with an A/J Chromosome 12 on a C57BL/6J background have an AHR phenotype similar to hyperresponsive strains A/J and BcA86. Within the QTL, genes with deleterious coding variants, such as Foxa1, and genes with expression differences, such as Mettl21d and Snapc1, were selected as possible candidates for the AHR phenotype. Overall, through QTL analysis of a recombinant congenic strain, microarray analysis and coding variant analysis we identified Chromosome 12 and three potential candidate genes to be in linkage with airway responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Kanagaratham
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Rafael Marino
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierre Camateros
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - John Ren
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel Houle
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Robert Sladek
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Silvia M. Vidal
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Danuta Radzioch
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Marr N, Hirschfeld AF, Lam A, Wang S, Lavoie PM, Turvey SE. Assessment of genetic associations between common single nucleotide polymorphisms in RIG-I-like receptor and IL-4 signaling genes and severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in children: a candidate gene case-control study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100269. [PMID: 24949794 PMCID: PMC4064989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of cases of severe pediatric respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection occur in otherwise healthy infants who have no identifiable risk factors, suggesting that additional subclinical factors, such as population genetic variation, influence the course of RSV infection. The objective of this study was to test if common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding for immune signalling components of the RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) and IL-4-signalling pathways affect the outcome of RSV infection in early life. We genotyped 8 SNPs using allele-specific probes combined with real-time PCR. Each of the SNPs tested had previously been established to have a functional impact on immune responsiveness and two of the SNPs in the IL4 and IL4R genes had previously been associated with severe RSV bronchiolitis. Association with susceptibility to severe RSV infection was tested by statistically comparing genotype and allele frequencies in infants and young children hospitalized with severe RSV bronchiolitis (n = 140) with two control groups-children who tested positive for RSV but did not require hospitalization (n = 100), and a general population control group (n = 285). Our study was designed with sufficient power (>80%) to detect clinically-relevant associations with effect sizes ≥1.5. However, we detected no statistically significant differences in allele and genotype frequencies of the investigated SNPs between the inpatient and control groups. To conclude, we could not replicate the previously reported association with SNPs in the IL4 and IL4R genes in our independent cohort, nor did we find that common SNPs in genes encoding for RLRs and the downstream adapter MAVS were associated with susceptibility to severe RSV infections. Despite the existing evidence demonstrating a functional immunological impact of these SNPs, our data suggest that the biological effect of each individual SNP is unlikely to affect clinical outcomes of RSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Marr
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aaron F. Hirschfeld
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Angie Lam
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shirley Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pascal M. Lavoie
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stuart E. Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Xu W. Expression data analysis to identify biomarkers associated with asthma in children. Int J Genomics 2014; 2014:165175. [PMID: 24790987 PMCID: PMC3985200 DOI: 10.1155/2014/165175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is characterized by recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. It is usually caused by a combination of complex and incompletely understood environmental and genetic interactions. We obtained gene expression data with high-throughput screening and identified biomarkers of children's asthma using bioinformatics tools. Next, we explained the pathogenesis of children's asthma from the perspective of gene regulatory networks: DAVID was applied to perform Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enriching analysis for the top 3000 pairs of relationships in differentially regulatory network. Finally, we found that HAND1, PTK1, NFKB1, ZIC3, STAT6, E2F1, PELP1, USF2, and CBFB may play important roles in children's asthma initiation. On account of regulatory impact factor (RIF) score, HAND1, PTK7, and ZIC3 were the potential asthma-related factors. Our study provided some foundations of a strategy for biomarker discovery despite a poor understanding of the mechanisms underlying children's asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xu
- Department of Paediatrics, Rizhao City People's Hospital, No. 126 Donggang Area, Tai'an Road, Rizhao City, Shandong 276800, China
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Alvira CM. Nuclear factor-kappa-B signaling in lung development and disease: one pathway, numerous functions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 100:202-16. [PMID: 24639404 PMCID: PMC4158903 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to other organs, the lung completes a significant portion of its development after term birth. During this stage of alveolarization, division of the alveolar ducts into alveolar sacs by secondary septation, and expansion of the pulmonary vasculature by means of angiogenesis markedly increase the gas exchange surface area of the lung. However, postnatal completion of growth renders the lung highly susceptible to environmental insults such as inflammation that disrupt this developmental program. This is particularly evident in the setting of preterm birth, where impairment of alveolarization causes bronchopulmonary dysplasia, a chronic lung disease associated with significant morbidity. The nuclear factor κ-B (NFκB) family of transcription factors are ubiquitously expressed, and function to regulate diverse cellular processes including proliferation, survival, and immunity. Extensive evidence suggests that activation of NFκB is important in the regulation of inflammation and in the control of angiogenesis. Therefore, NFκB-mediated downstream effects likely influence the lung response to injury and may also mediate normal alveolar development. This review summarizes the main biologic functions of NFκB, and highlights the regulatory mechanisms that allow for diversity and specificity in downstream gene activation. This is followed by a description of the pro and anti-inflammatory functions of NFκB in the lung, and of NFκB-mediated angiogenic effects. Finally, this review summarizes the clinical and experimental data that support a role for NFκB in mediating postnatal angiogenesis and alveolarization, and discusses the challenges that remain in developing therapies that can selectively block the detrimental functions of NFκB yet preserve the beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M Alvira
- Division of Critical Care Medicine Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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50
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Grunau RE, Cepeda IL, Chau CMY, Brummelte S, Weinberg J, Lavoie PM, Ladd M, Hirschfeld AF, Russell E, Koren G, Van Uum S, Brant R, Turvey SE. Neonatal pain-related stress and NFKBIA genotype are associated with altered cortisol levels in preterm boys at school age. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73926. [PMID: 24066085 PMCID: PMC3774765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal pain-related stress is associated with elevated salivary cortisol levels to age 18 months in children born very preterm, compared to full-term, suggesting early programming effects. Importantly, interactions between immune/inflammatory and neuroendocrine systems may underlie programming effects. We examined whether cortisol changes persist to school age, and if common genetic variants in the promoter region of the NFKBIA gene involved in regulation of immune and inflammatory responses, modify the association between early experience and later life stress as indexed by hair cortisol levels, which provide an integrated index of endogenous HPA axis activity. Cortisol was assayed in hair samples from 128 children (83 born preterm ≤32 weeks gestation and 45 born full-term) without major sensory, motor or cognitive impairments at age 7 years. We found that hair cortisol levels were lower in preterm compared to term-born children. Downregulation of the HPA axis in preterm children without major impairment, seen years after neonatal stress terminated, suggests persistent alteration of stress system programming. Importantly, the etiology was gender-specific such that in preterm boys but not girls, specifically those with the minor allele for NFKBIA rs2233409, lower hair cortisol was associated with greater neonatal pain (number of skin-breaking procedures from birth to term), independent of medical confounders. Moreover, the minor allele (CT or TT) of NFKBIA rs2233409 was associated with higher secretion of inflammatory cytokines, supporting the hypothesis that neonatal pain-related stress may act as a proinflammatory stimulus that induces long-term immune cell activation. These findings are the first evidence that a long-term association between early pain-related stress and cortisol may be mediated by a genetic variants that regulate the activity of NF-κB, suggesting possible involvement of stress/inflammatory mechanisms in HPA programming in boys born very preterm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E. Grunau
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Developmental Neurosciences and Child Health, Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Ivan L. Cepeda
- Developmental Neurosciences and Child Health, Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Cecil M. Y. Chau
- Developmental Neurosciences and Child Health, Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Susanne Brummelte
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Developmental Neurosciences and Child Health, Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Joanne Weinberg
- Developmental Neurosciences and Child Health, Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pascal M. Lavoie
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Developmental Neurosciences and Child Health, Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mihoko Ladd
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Developmental Neurosciences and Child Health, Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Aaron F. Hirschfeld
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Developmental Neurosciences and Child Health, Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Evan Russell
- Molecular Toxicology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Gideon Koren
- Molecular Toxicology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Stan Van Uum
- Molecular Toxicology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Rollin Brant
- Developmental Neurosciences and Child Health, Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Statistics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stuart E. Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Developmental Neurosciences and Child Health, Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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