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Sullivan KA, Chapman C, Lu L, Ashbrook DG, Wang Y, Alduraibi FK, Lu C, Sun CW, Liu S, Williams RW, Mountz JD, Hsu HC. Increased development of T-bet +CD11c + B cells predisposes to lupus in females: Analysis in BXD2 mouse and genetic crosses. Clin Immunol 2023; 257:109842. [PMID: 37981105 PMCID: PMC10799694 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Cardinal features of lupus include elevated B cell activation and autoantibody production with a female sex preponderance. We quantified interactions of sex and genetic variation on the development of autoimmune B-cell phenotypes and autoantibodies in the BXD2 murine model of lupus using a cohort of backcrossed progeny (BXD2 x C57BL/6J) x BXD2. Sex was the key factor leading to increased total IgG, IgG2b, and autoantibodies. The percentage of T-bet+CD11c+ IgD+ activated naive B cells (aNAV) was higher in females and was associated with increased T-bet+CD11c+ IgD- age-related B cells, Fas+GL7+ germinal center B cells, Cxcr5-Icos+ peripheral T-helper cells, and Cxcr5+Icos+ follicular T-helper cells. IFN-β was elevated in females. Variation in aNAV cells was mapped to Chr 7 in a locus that shows significant interactions between the female sex and heterozygous B/D variant. Our results suggest that activation of naive B cells forms the basis for the female-predominant development of autoantibodies in lupus-susceptible BXD2 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Sullivan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Casey Chapman
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - David G Ashbrook
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Fatima K Alduraibi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Changming Lu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Chao-Wang Sun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Shanrun Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Robert W Williams
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - John D Mountz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Research, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hui-Chen Hsu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Research, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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2
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Ferri DM, Nassar C, Manion KP, Kim M, Baglaenko Y, Muñoz-Grajales C, Wither JE. Elevated Levels of Interferon-α Act Directly on B Cells to Breach Multiple Tolerance Mechanisms Promoting Autoantibody Production. Arthritis Rheumatol 2023; 75:1542-1555. [PMID: 36807718 DOI: 10.1002/art.42482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Elevated levels of serum interferon-α (IFNα) and the disruption of B cell tolerance are central to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) immunopathogenesis; however, the relationship between these 2 processes remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of elevated IFNα levels on B cell tolerance mechanisms in vivo and determine whether any changes observed were due to the direct effect of IFNα on B cells. METHODS Two classical mouse models of B cell tolerance were used in conjunction with an adenoviral vector encoding IFNα to mimic the sustained elevations of IFNα seen in SLE. The role of B cell IFNα signaling, T cells, and Myd88 signaling was determined using B cell-specific IFNα receptor-knockout, CD4+ T cell-depleted, or Myd88-knockout mice, respectively. Flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and cell cultures were used to study the effects of elevated IFNα on the immunologic phenotype. RESULTS Elevation of serum IFNα disrupts multiple B cell tolerance mechanisms and leads to autoantibody production. This disruption was dependent upon B cell expression of IFNα receptor. Many of the IFNα-mediated alterations also required the presence of CD4+ T cells as well as Myd88, suggesting that IFNα acts directly on B cells to modify their response to Myd88 signaling and their ability to interact with T cells. CONCLUSION The results provide evidence that elevated IFNα levels act directly on B cells to facilitate autoantibody production and further highlight the importance of IFN signaling as a potential therapeutic target in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario M Ferri
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carol Nassar
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kieran P Manion
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Kim
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuriy Baglaenko
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carolina Muñoz-Grajales
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joan E Wither
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, and Division of Rheumatology, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, and Departments of Medicine and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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3
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Schell SL, Bricker KN, Fike AJ, Chodisetti SB, Domeier PP, Choi NM, Fasnacht MJ, Luckenbill SA, Ziegler SF, Rahman ZSM. Context-Dependent miR-21 Regulation of TLR7-Mediated Autoimmune and Foreign Antigen-Driven Antibody-Forming Cell and Germinal Center Responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:2803-2818. [PMID: 34039637 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in healthy B cell responses and the loss of tolerance in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), although the role of many miRNAs remains poorly understood. Dampening miR-21 activity was previously shown to reduce splenomegaly and blood urea nitrogen levels in SLE-prone mice, but the detailed cellular responses and mechanism of action remains unexplored. In this study, using the TLR7 agonist, imiquimod-induced SLE model, we observed that loss of miR-21 in Sle1b mice prevented the formation of plasma cells and autoantibody-producing Ab-forming cells (AFCs) without a significant effect on the magnitude of the germinal center (GC) response. We further observed reduced dendritic cell and monocyte numbers in the spleens of miR-21-deficient Sle1b mice that were associated with reduced IFN, proinflammatory cytokines, and effector CD4+ T cell responses. RNA sequencing analysis on B cells from miR-21-deficient Sle1b mice revealed reduced activation and response to IFN, and cytokine and target array analysis revealed modulation of numerous miR-21 target genes in response to TLR7 activation and type I IFN stimulation. Our findings in the B6.Sle1bYaa (Sle1b Yaa) spontaneous model recapitulated the miR-21 role in TLR7-induced responses with an additional role in autoimmune GC and T follicular helper responses. Finally, immunization with T-dependent Ag revealed a role for miR-21 in foreign Ag-driven GC and Ab, but not AFC, responses. Our data suggest a potential multifaceted, context-dependent role for miR-21 in autoimmune and foreign Ag-driven AFC and GC responses. Further study is warranted to delineate the cell-intrinsic requirements and mechanisms of miR-21 during infection and SLE development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Schell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA; and
| | - Kristen N Bricker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA; and
| | - Adam J Fike
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA; and
| | - Sathi Babu Chodisetti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA; and
| | | | - Nicholas M Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA; and
| | - Melinda J Fasnacht
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA; and
| | - Sara A Luckenbill
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA; and
| | | | - Ziaur S M Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA; and
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4
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Schell SL, Rahman ZSM. miRNA-Mediated Control of B Cell Responses in Immunity and SLE. Front Immunol 2021; 12:683710. [PMID: 34079558 PMCID: PMC8165268 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.683710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of B cell tolerance is central to autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). As such, the mechanisms involved in B cell development, maturation, activation, and function that are aberrantly regulated in SLE are of interest in the design of targeted therapeutics. While many factors are involved in the generation and regulation of B cell responses, miRNAs have emerged as critical regulators of these responses within the last decade. To date, miRNA involvement in B cell responses has largely been studied in non-autoimmune, immunization-based systems. However, miRNA profiles have also been strongly associated with SLE in human patients and these molecules have proven critical in both the promotion and regulation of disease in mouse models and in the formation of autoreactive B cell responses. Functionally, miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that bind to complementary sequences located in target mRNA transcripts to mediate transcript degradation or translational repression, invoking a post-transcriptional level of genetic regulation. Due to their capacity to target a diverse range of transcripts and pathways in different immune cell types and throughout the various stages of development and response, targeting miRNAs is an interesting potential therapeutic avenue. Herein, we focus on what is currently known about miRNA function in both normal and SLE B cell responses, primarily highlighting miRNAs with confirmed functions in mouse models. We also discuss areas that should be addressed in future studies and whether the development of miRNA-centric therapeutics may be a viable alternative for the treatment of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Schell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Ziaur S M Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
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5
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Fike AJ, Chodisetti SB, Bricker KN, Choi NM, Chroneos ZC, Kaplan MH, Rahman ZSM. STAT4 Is Largely Dispensable for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-like Autoimmune- and Foreign Antigen-Driven Antibody-Forming Cell, Germinal Center, and Follicular Th Cell Responses. Immunohorizons 2021; 5:2-15. [PMID: 33446493 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2000111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies identified variants in the transcription factor STAT4 gene and several other genes in the STAT4 signaling pathway, such as IL12A, IL12B, JAK2, and TYK2, which are associated with an increased risk of developing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other autoimmune diseases. Consistent with the genome-wide association studies data, STAT4 was shown to play an important role in autoimmune responses and autoimmunity development in SLE mouse models. Despite such important role for STAT4 in SLE development in mice and humans, little is known whether and how STAT4 may regulate extrafollicular Ab-forming cell (AFC) and follicular germinal center (GC) responses, two major pathways of autoreactive B cell development and autoantibody production. To our surprise, we found STAT4 to be largely dispensable for promoting autoimmune AFC and GC responses in various autoimmune- and SLE-prone mouse models, which strongly correlated with autoantibody production, and immune complex deposition and immune cell infiltration in the kidney. We further observed that STAT4 deficiency had no effects on AFC, GC, and Ag-specific Ab responses during protein Ag immunization or influenza virus infection. Additionally, CD4+ effector and follicular Th cell responses in autoimmune- and SLE-prone mice and protein Ag-immunized and influenza virus-infected mice were intact in the absence of STAT4. Together, our data demonstrate a largely dispensable role for STAT4 in AFC, GC, and Ab responses in SLE mouse models and in certain foreign Ag-driven responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Fike
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Sathi Babu Chodisetti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Kristen N Bricker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Nicholas M Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Zissis C Chroneos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
- Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033; and
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Ziaur S M Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033;
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6
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Graham JH, Yoachim SD, Gould KA. Estrogen Receptor Alpha Signaling Is Responsible for the Female Sex Bias in the Loss of Tolerance and Immune Cell Activation Induced by the Lupus Susceptibility Locus Sle1b. Front Immunol 2020; 11:582214. [PMID: 33240270 PMCID: PMC7683613 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.582214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The dramatic female sex bias observed in human lupus is thought to be due, at least in part, to estrogens. Using mouse models, we have shown that estrogens, acting through estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) promote lupus development and contribute significantly to the female sex bias observed in this disease. C57Bl/6 (B6) mice carrying the lupus susceptibility locus Sle1 locus exhibit immune cell hyperactivation and loss of tolerance, and the action of Sle1 displays a strong female sex bias. Previously, we showed that disruption of ERα completely eliminates the female sex bias in the effects of Sle1. Here we report that ERα signaling selectively modulates the action of Sle1b, one of the three subloci that together constitute Sle1. We observed that disruption of ERα signaling attenuated T cell hyperactivation, formation of spontaneous germinal centers, loss of tolerance, and the development of anti-chromatin autoantibodies in B6.Sle1b female mice, but had no impact on these phenotypes in B6.Sle1b male mice. In fact, disruption of ERα completely abolished the female sex bias that is seen in each of these phenotypes in B6.Sle1b mice. Strikingly, Sle1b-induced B cell hyperactivation, a female sex-specific manifestation of Sle1b, was completely abrogated by disruption of ERα in B6.Sle1b females. Altogether, these results demonstrate that ERα signaling is responsible for the female sex bias in the actions of Sle1b, and is absolutely required for the female-specific B cell hyperactivation phenotype associated with this lupus susceptibility locus. By contrast, we found that ERα signaling had no impact on Sle1a, the other Sle1 sublocus that exerts effects that show a female sex bias.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karen A. Gould
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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7
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Manion KP, Baglaenko Y, Chang NH, Talaei N, Wither JE. Impaired B cell anergy is not sufficient to breach tolerance to nuclear antigen in Vκ8/3H9 lupus-prone mice. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236664. [PMID: 32722684 PMCID: PMC7386585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a severe autoimmune disease in which immune tolerance defects drive production of pathogenic anti-nuclear autoantibodies. Anergic B cells are considered a potential source of these autoantibodies due to their autoreactivity and overrepresentation in SLE patients. Studies of lupus-prone mice have shown that genetic defects mediating autoimmunity can breach B cell anergy, but how this breach occurs with regards to endogenous nuclear antigen remains unclear. We investigated whether B and T cell defects in congenic mice (c1) derived from the lupus-prone New Zealand Black strain can breach tolerance to nuclear self-antigen in the presence of knock-in genes (Vκ8/3H9; dKI) that generate a ssDNA-reactive, anergic B cell population. Methods Flow cytometry was used to assess splenic B and T cells from 8-month-old c1 dKI mice and serum autoantibodies were measured by ELISA. dKI B cells stimulated in vitro with anti-IgM were assessed for proliferation and activation by examining CFSE decay and CD86. Cytokine-producing T cells were identified by flow cytometry following culture of dKI splenocytes with PMA and ionomycin. dKI B cells from 6-8-week-old mice were adoptively transferred into 4-month-old wild type recipients and assessed after 7 days via flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy. Results c1 dKI mice exhibited B cell proliferation indicative of impaired anergy, but had attenuated autoantibodies and germinal centres compared to wild type littermates. This attenuation appeared to stem from a decrease in PD-1hi T helper cells in the dKI strains, as c1 dKI B cells were recruited to germinal centres when adoptively transferred into c1 wild type mice. Conclusion Anergic, DNA-specific autoreactive B cells only seem to drive profound autoimmunity in the presence of concomitant defects in the T cell subsets that support high-affinity plasma cell production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran P. Manion
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuriy Baglaenko
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nan-Hua Chang
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nafiseh Talaei
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joan E. Wither
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Rheumatology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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8
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Chodisetti SB, Fike AJ, Domeier PP, Schell SL, Mockus TE, Choi NM, Corradetti C, Hou B, Atkins HM, Caricchio R, Decker T, Lukacher AE, Olsen N, Rahman ZSM. Serine Phosphorylation of the STAT1 Transactivation Domain Promotes Autoreactive B Cell and Systemic Autoimmunity Development. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2020; 204:2641-2650. [PMID: 32253245 PMCID: PMC9305983 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2023]
Abstract
Although STAT1 tyrosine-701 phosphorylation (designated STAT1-pY701) is indispensable for STAT1 function, the requirement for STAT1 serine-727 phosphorylation (designated STAT1-pS727) during systemic autoimmune and antipathogen responses remains unclear. Using autoimmune-prone B6.Sle1b mice expressing a STAT1-S727A mutant in which serine is replaced by alanine, we report in this study that STAT1-pS727 promotes autoimmune Ab-forming cell (AFC) and germinal center (GC) responses, driving autoantibody production and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) development. In contrast, STAT1-pS727 is not required for GC, T follicular helper cell (Tfh), and Ab responses to various foreign Ags, including pathogens. STAT1-pS727 is also not required for gut microbiota and dietary Ag-driven GC and Tfh responses in B6.Sle1b mice. By generating B cell-specific bone marrow chimeras, we demonstrate that STAT1-pS727 plays an important B cell-intrinsic role in promoting autoimmune AFC, GC, and Tfh responses, leading to SLE-associated autoantibody production. Our analysis of the TLR7-accelerated B6.Sle1b.Yaa SLE disease model expressing a STAT1-S727A mutant reveals STAT1-pS727-mediated regulation of autoimmune AFC and GC responses and lupus nephritis development. Together, we identify previously unrecognized differential regulation of systemic autoimmune and antipathogen responses by STAT1-pS727. Our data implicate STAT1-pS727 as a therapeutic target for SLE without overtly affecting STAT1-mediated protection against pathogenic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathi Babu Chodisetti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Adam J Fike
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Phillip P Domeier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Stephanie L Schell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Taryn E Mockus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Nicholas M Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | | | - Baidong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
| | - Hannah M Atkins
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | | | - Thomas Decker
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria; and
| | - Aron E Lukacher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Nancy Olsen
- Department of Rheumatology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Ziaur S M Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033;
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Meidan E, Li H, Pan W, Kono M, Yu S, Kyttaris VC, Ioannidis C, Rodriguez Rodriguez N, Crispin JC, Apostolidis SA, Lee P, Manis J, Sharabi A, Tsokos MG, Tsokos GC. Serine/threonine phosphatase PP2A is essential for optimal B cell function. JCI Insight 2020; 5:130655. [PMID: 32161189 PMCID: PMC7141385 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.130655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a serine/threonine phosphatase, has been shown to control T cell function. We found that in vitro-activated B cells and B cells from various lupus-prone mice and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus display increased PP2A activity. To understand the contribution of PP2A to B cell function, we generated a Cd19CrePpp2r1afl/fl (flox/flox) mouse which lacks functional PP2A only in B cells. Flox/flox mice displayed reduced spontaneous germinal center formation and decreased responses to T cell-dependent and T-independent antigens, while their B cells responded poorly in vitro to stimulation with an anti-CD40 antibody or CpG in the presence of IL-4. Transcriptome and metabolome studies revealed altered nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and purine/pyrimidine metabolism and increased expression of purine nucleoside phosphorylase in PP2A-deficient B cells. Our results demonstrate that PP2A is required for optimal B cell function and may contribute to increased B cell activity in systemic autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Meidan
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wenliang Pan
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michihito Kono
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shuilian Yu
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vasileios C. Kyttaris
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christina Ioannidis
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Noe Rodriguez Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jose C. Crispin
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sokratis A. Apostolidis
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pui Lee
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John Manis
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amir Sharabi
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria G. Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George C. Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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10
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Chodisetti SB, Fike AJ, Domeier PP, Singh H, Choi NM, Corradetti C, Kawasawa YI, Cooper TK, Caricchio R, Rahman ZSM. Type II but Not Type I IFN Signaling Is Indispensable for TLR7-Promoted Development of Autoreactive B Cells and Systemic Autoimmunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:796-809. [PMID: 31900342 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
TLR7 is associated with development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Although TLRs are known to activate type I IFN (T1IFN) signaling, the role of T1IFN and IFN-γ signaling in differential regulation of TLR7-mediated Ab-forming cell (AFC) and germinal center (GC) responses, and SLE development has never been directly investigated. Using TLR7-induced and TLR7 overexpression models of SLE, we report in this study a previously unrecognized indispensable role of TLR7-induced IFN-γ signaling in promoting AFC and GC responses, leading to autoreactive B cell and SLE development. T1IFN signaling in contrast, only modestly contributed to autoimmune responses and the disease process in these mice. TLR7 ligand imiquimod treated IFN-γ reporter mice show that CD4+ effector T cells including follicular helper T (Tfh) cells are the major producers of TLR7-induced IFN-γ. Transcriptomic analysis of splenic tissues from imiquimod-treated autoimmune-prone B6.Sle1b mice sufficient and deficient for IFN-γR indicates that TLR7-induced IFN-γ activates multiple signaling pathways to regulate TLR7-promoted SLE. Conditional deletion of Ifngr1 gene in peripheral B cells further demonstrates that TLR7-driven autoimmune AFC, GC and Tfh responses and SLE development are dependent on IFN-γ signaling in B cells. Finally, we show crucial B cell-intrinsic roles of STAT1 and T-bet in TLR7-driven GC, Tfh and plasma cell differentiation. Altogether, we uncover a nonredundant role for IFN-γ and its downstream signaling molecules STAT1 and T-bet in B cells in promoting TLR7-driven AFC, GC, and SLE development whereas T1IFN signaling moderately contributes to these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathi Babu Chodisetti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Adam J Fike
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Phillip P Domeier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | | | - Nicholas M Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | | | - Yuka Imamura Kawasawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Personalized Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Personalized Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033; and
| | - Timothy K Cooper
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | | | - Ziaur S M Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033;
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11
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Domeier PP, Chodisetti SB, Schell SL, Kawasawa YI, Fasnacht MJ, Soni C, Rahman ZSM. B-Cell-Intrinsic Type 1 Interferon Signaling Is Crucial for Loss of Tolerance and the Development of Autoreactive B Cells. Cell Rep 2019; 24:406-418. [PMID: 29996101 PMCID: PMC6089613 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 interferon (T1IFN) signaling promotes inflammation and lupus pathology, but its role in autoreactive B cell development in the antibody-forming cell (AFC) and germinal center (GC) pathways is unclear. Using a lupus model that allows for focused study of the AFC and GC responses, we show that T1IFN signaling is crucial for autoreactive B cell development in the AFC and GC pathways. Through bone marrow chimeras, DNA-reactive B cell transfer, and GC-specific Cre mice, we confirm that IFNαR signaling in B cells promotes autoreactive B cell development into both pathways. Transcriptomic analysis reveals gene expression alterations in multiple signaling pathways in non-GC and GC B cells in the absence of IFNαR. Finally, we find that T1IFN signaling promotes autoreactive B cell development in the AFC and GC pathways by regulating BCR signaling. These data suggest value for anti-IFNαR therapy in individuals with elevated T1IFN activity before clinical disease onset. The B-cell-intrinsic mechanisms of type 1 interferon (T1IFN) signaling in regulating B cell tolerance is unclear. Domeier et al. show that T1IFN signaling in B cells causes loss of B cell tolerance, promoting autoreactive B cell development into the antibody-forming cell and germinal center pathways by regulating BCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip P Domeier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA
| | - Sathi Babu Chodisetti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA
| | - Stephanie L Schell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA
| | - Yuka Imamura Kawasawa
- Departments of Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Personalized Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA
| | - Melinda J Fasnacht
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA
| | - Chetna Soni
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA
| | - Ziaur S M Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA.
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12
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Soni C, Reizis B. Self-DNA at the Epicenter of SLE: Immunogenic Forms, Regulation, and Effects. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1601. [PMID: 31354738 PMCID: PMC6637313 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-reactive B cells generated through V(D)J recombination in the bone marrow or through accrual of random mutations in secondary lymphoid tissues are mostly purged or edited to prevent autoimmunity. Yet, 10–20% of all mature naïve B cells in healthy individuals have self-reactive B cell receptors (BCRs). In patients with serologically active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) the percentage increases up to 50%, with significant self-DNA reactivity that correlates with disease severity. Endogenous or self-DNA has emerged as a potent antigen in several autoimmune disorders, particularly in SLE. However, the mechanism(s) regulating or preventing anti-DNA antibody production remain elusive. It is likely that in healthy subjects, DNA-reactive B cells avoid activation due to the unavailability of endogenous DNA, which is efficiently degraded through efferocytosis and various DNA-processing proteins. Genetic defects, physiological, and/or pathological conditions can override these protective checkpoints, leading to autoimmunity. Plausibly, increased availability of immunogenic self-DNA may be the key initiating event in the loss of tolerance of otherwise quiescent DNA-reactive B cells. Indeed, mutations impairing apoptotic cell clearance pathways and nucleic acid metabolism-associated genes like DNases, RNases, and their sensors are known to cause autoimmune disorders including SLE. Here we review the literature supporting the idea that increased availability of DNA as an immunogen or adjuvant, or both, may cause the production of pathogenic anti-DNA antibodies and subsequent manifestations of clinical disease such as SLE. We discuss the main cellular players involved in anti-DNA responses; the physical forms and sources of immunogenic DNA in autoimmunity; the DNA-protein complexes that render DNA immunogenic; the regulation of DNA availability by intracellular and extracellular DNases and the autoimmune pathologies associated with their dysfunction; the cytosolic and endosomal sensors of immunogenic DNA; and the cytokines such as interferons that drive auto-inflammatory and autoimmune pathways leading to clinical disease. We propose that prevention of DNA availability by aiding extracellular DNase activity could be a viable therapeutic modality in controlling SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetna Soni
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Boris Reizis
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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13
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Soni C, Sinha I, Fasnacht MJ, Olsen NJ, Rahman ZSM, Sinha R. Selenium supplementation suppresses immunological and serological features of lupus in B6.Sle1b mice. Autoimmunity 2019; 52:57-68. [PMID: 31006265 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2019.1603297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a debilitating multi-factorial immunological disorder characterized by increased inflammation and development of anti-nuclear autoantibodies. Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element with beneficial anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory immunological functions. In our previous proteomics study, analysis of Se-responsive markers in the circulation of Se-supplemented healthy men showed a significant increase in complement proteins. Additionally, Se supplementation prolonged the life span of lupus prone NZB/NZW-F1 mice. To better understand the protective immunological role of Se in SLE pathogenesis, we have investigated the impact of Se on B cells and macrophages using in vitro Se supplementation assays and the B6.Sle1b mouse model of lupus with an oral Se or placebo supplementation regimen. Analysis of Se-treated B6.Sle1b mice showed reduced splenomegaly and splenic cellularity compared to untreated B6. Sle1b mice. A significant reduction in total B cells and notably germinal center (GC) B cell numbers was observed. However, other cell types including T cells, Tregs, DCs and pDCs were unaffected. Consistent with reduced GC B cells there was a significant reduction in autoantibodies to dsDNA and SmRNP of the IgG2b and IgG2c subclass upon Se supplementation. We found that increased Se availability leads to impaired differentiation and maturation of macrophages from mouse bone marrow derived progenitors in vitro. Additionally, Se treatment during in vitro activation of B cells with anti-CD40L and LPS inhibited optimal B cell activation. Overall our data indicate that Se supplementation inhibits activation, differentiation and maturation of B cells and macrophages. Its specific inhibitory effect on B cell activation and GC B cell differentiation could be explored as a potential therapeutic supplement for SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetna Soni
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey , PA , USA
| | - Indu Sinha
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey , PA , USA
| | - Melinda J Fasnacht
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey , PA , USA
| | - Nancy J Olsen
- c Department of Rheumatology , Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey , PA , USA
| | - Ziaur S M Rahman
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey , PA , USA
| | - Raghu Sinha
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey , PA , USA
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14
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Cuenca M, Sintes J, Lányi Á, Engel P. CD84 cell surface signaling molecule: An emerging biomarker and target for cancer and autoimmune disorders. Clin Immunol 2018; 204:43-49. [PMID: 30522694 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CD84 (SLAMF5) is a member of the SLAM family of cell-surface immunoreceptors. Broadly expressed on most immune cell subsets, CD84 functions as a homophilic adhesion molecule, whose signaling can activate or inhibit leukocyte function depending on the cell type and its stage of activation or differentiation. CD84-mediated signaling regulates diverse immunological processes, including T cell cytokine secretion, natural killer cell cytotoxicity, monocyte activation, autophagy, cognate T:B interactions, and B cell tolerance at the germinal center checkpoint. Recently, alterations in CD84 have been related to autoimmune and lymphoproliferative disorders. Specific allelic variations in CD84 are associated with autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia, CD84 mediates intrinsic and stroma-induced survival of malignant cells. In this review, we describe our current understanding of the structure and function of CD84 and its potential role as a therapeutic target and biomarker in inflammatory autoimmune disorders and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cuenca
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jordi Sintes
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Árpád Lányi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Pablo Engel
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Soni C, Schell SL, Fasnacht MJ, Chodisetti SB, Rahman ZS. Crucial role of Mer tyrosine kinase in the maintenance of SIGN-R1 + marginal zone macrophages. Immunol Cell Biol 2018; 96:298-315. [PMID: 29345385 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mer Tyrosine Kinase receptor (Mer) is involved in anti-inflammatory efferocytosis. Here we report elevated spontaneous germinal center (Spt-GC) responses in Mer-deficient mice (Mer-/- ) that are associated with the loss of SIGN-R1+ marginal zone macrophages (MZMs). The dissipation of MZMs in Mer-/- mice occurs independently of reduced cellularity or delocalization of marginal zone B cells, sinusoidal cells or of CD169+ metallophillic macrophages. We find that MZM dissipation in Mer-/- mice contributes to apoptotic cell (AC) accumulation in Spt-GCs and dysregulation of the GC checkpoint, allowing an expansion of DNA-reactive B cells in GCs. We further observe that bone marrow derived macrophages from Mer-/- mice produce more TNFα, and are susceptible to cell death upon exposure to ACs compared to WT macrophages. Anti-TNFα Ab treatment of Mer-/- mice is, however, unable to reverse MZM loss, but results in reduced Spt-GC responses, indicating that TNFα promotes Spt-GC responses in Mer-/- mice. Contrary to an anti-TNFα Ab treatment, treatment of Mer-/- mice with a synthetic agonist for the transcription factor LXRα rescues a significant number of MZMs in vivo. Our data suggest that Mer-LXRα signaling plays an important role in the differentiation and maintenance of MZMs, which in turn regulate Spt-GC responses and tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetna Soni
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Stephanie L Schell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Melinda J Fasnacht
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Sathi Babu Chodisetti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Ziaur Sm Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
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16
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Kurosawa Y, Ozawa M, Kanda Y, Takeuchi A, Kawamura T, Narita I, Katakai T. Extensively re-organized systemic lymph nodes provide a feasible environment for self-reactivity in lupus-prone NZB × NZW F1 mice. Int Immunol 2017; 29:567-579. [PMID: 29202179 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxx066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphadenopathy is a frequently observed symptom in systemic lupus erythematosus, although the immunological role of lymph nodes (LNs) in systemic autoimmunity remains largely unknown. Here, we performed comprehensive and systematic analyses of LNs in lupus-prone NZB × NZW F1 (BWF1) mice, demonstrating extensive tissue re-organization of the systemic LNs with follicular expansion, hyper germinal center (GC) formation, atrophy of the paracortical T-cell area and expansion of the medulla in aged BWF1 mice bearing glomerulonephritis. The proportion of B cells was significantly increased in these reactive LNs but not in the spleen, and lymphocyte subsets involved in antibody production, i.e. GC B cells, follicular helper T cells and plasma cells, were elevated. Draining LNs of the affected organs, such as the renal and cervical nodes, showed enhanced tissue re-organization and accumulation of effector lymphocytes, suggesting the presence of a positive feedback loop of regional responses. LN cells isolated from disease-bearing animals produced anti-DNA antibody, indicating activation of autoreactive lymphocytes in situ. The substantial development of disease and LN alterations in mice that received a splenectomy at a young age points to the importance of other secondary lymphoid organs, most likely LNs, for the progression of autoimmune responses independent of the spleen. Taken together, our findings highlight the value of taking LN alterations and activities into consideration for understanding the pathogenesis of systemic autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Kurosawa
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Madoka Ozawa
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kanda
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Arata Takeuchi
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Kawamura
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Immunology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Ichiei Narita
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tomoya Katakai
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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17
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Abstract
Germinal centers (GCs) are dynamic microenvironments that form in the secondary lymphoid organs and generate somatically mutated high-affinity antibodies necessary to establish an effective humoral immune response. Tight regulation of GC responses is critical for maintaining self-tolerance. GCs can arise in the absence of purposeful immunization or overt infection (called spontaneous GCs, Spt-GCs). In autoimmune-prone mice and patients with autoimmune disease, aberrant regulation of Spt-GCs is thought to promote the development of somatically mutated pathogenic autoantibodies and the subsequent development of autoimmunity. The mechanisms that control the formation of Spt-GCs and promote systemic autoimmune diseases remain an open question and the focus of ongoing studies. Here, we discuss the most current studies on the role of Spt-GCs in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip P Domeier
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine , USA
| | - Stephanie L Schell
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine , USA
| | - Ziaur S M Rahman
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine , USA
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18
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Schell SL, Soni C, Fasnacht MJ, Domeier PP, Cooper TK, Rahman ZSM. Mer Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling Prevents Self-Ligand Sensing and Aberrant Selection in Germinal Centers. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:4001-4015. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Chang NH, Manion KP, Loh C, Pau E, Baglaenko Y, Wither JE. Multiple tolerance defects contribute to the breach of B cell tolerance in New Zealand Black chromosome 1 congenic mice. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28628673 PMCID: PMC5476272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lupus is characterized by a loss of B cell tolerance leading to autoantibody production. In this study, we explored the mechanisms underlying this loss of tolerance using B6 congenic mice with an interval from New Zealand Black chromosome 1 (denoted c1(96–100)) sufficient for anti-nuclear antibody production. Transgenes for soluble hen egg white lysozyme (sHEL) and anti-HEL immunoglobulin were crossed onto this background and various tolerance mechanisms examined. We found that c1(96–100) mice produced increased levels of IgM and IgG anti-HEL antibodies compared to B6 mice and had higher proportions of germinal center B cells and long-lived plasma cells, suggesting a germinal center-dependent breach of B cell anergy. Consistent with impaired anergy induction, c1(96–100) double transgenic B cells showed enhanced survival and CD86 upregulation. Hematopoietic chimeric sHEL mice with a mixture of B6 and c1(96–100) HEL transgenic B cells recapitulated these results, suggesting the presence of a B cell autonomous defect. Surprisingly, however, there was equivalent recruitment of B6 and c1(96–100) B cells into germinal centers and differentiation to splenic plasmablasts in these mice. In contrast, there were increased proportions of c1(96–100) T follicular helper cells and long-lived plasma cells as compared to their B6 counterparts, suggesting that both B and T cell defects are required to breach germinal center tolerance in this model. This possibility was further supported by experiments showing an enhanced breach of anergy in double transgenic mice with a longer chromosome 1 interval with additional T cell defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Hua Chang
- Arthritis Centre of Excellence, Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kieran P. Manion
- Arthritis Centre of Excellence, Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christina Loh
- Arthritis Centre of Excellence, Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Evelyn Pau
- Arthritis Centre of Excellence, Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuriy Baglaenko
- Arthritis Centre of Excellence, Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joan E. Wither
- Arthritis Centre of Excellence, Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Rheumatology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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20
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Dysregulated Lymphoid Cell Populations in Mouse Models of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2017; 53:181-197. [DOI: 10.1007/s12016-017-8605-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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21
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Zhou Y, Chen H, Liu L, Yu X, Sukhova GK, Yang M, Zhang L, Kyttaris VC, Tsokos GC, Stillman IE, Ichimura T, Bonventre JV, Libby P, Shi GP. CD74 Deficiency Mitigates Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-like Autoimmunity and Pathological Findings in Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:2568-2577. [PMID: 28219888 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CD74 mediates MHC class-II antigenic peptide loading and presentation and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus. C57BL/6 Faslpr mice that develop spontaneous lupus-like autoimmunity and pathology showed elevated CD74 expression in the inflammatory cell infiltrates and the adjacent tubular epithelial cells (TECs) in kidneys affected by lupus nephritis but negligible levels in kidneys from age-matched wild-type mice. The inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ or IL-6 induced CD74 expression in kidney TECs in vitro. The presence of kidney TECs from Faslpr mice, rather than from wild-type mice, produced significantly stronger histones, dsDNA, and ribonucleoprotein-Smith Ag complex-induced CD4+ T cell activation. Splenocytes from CD74-deficient FaslprCd74-/- mice had muted responses in a MLR and to the autoantigen histones. Compared with FaslprCd74+/+ mice, FaslprCd74-/- mice had reduced kidney and spleen sizes, splenic activated T cells and B cells, serum IgG and autoantibodies, urine albumin/creatinine ratio, kidney Periodic acid-Schiff score, IgG and C3 deposition, and serum IL-6 and IL-17A levels, but serum IL-2 and TGF-β levels were increased. Study of chronic graft-versus-host C57BL/6 mice that received donor splenocytes from B6.C-H2bm12 /KhEg mice and those that received syngeneic donor splenocytes yielded similar observations. CD74 deficiency reduced lupus-like autoimmunity and kidney pathology in chronic graft-versus-host mice. This investigation establishes the direct participation of CD74 in autoimmunity and highlights a potential role for CD74 in kidney TECs, together with professional APCs in systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Huimei Chen
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.,Research Institute of Nephrology, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.,Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Huzhou Teachers College, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, China
| | - Xueqing Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China;
| | - Galina K Sukhova
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Rheumatology, Nan Fang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Vasileios C Kyttaris
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215; and
| | - George C Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215; and
| | - Isaac E Stillman
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Takaharu Ichimura
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Joseph V Bonventre
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Peter Libby
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115;
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22
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Domeier PP, Chodisetti SB, Soni C, Schell SL, Elias MJ, Wong EB, Cooper TK, Kitamura D, Rahman ZSM. IFN-γ receptor and STAT1 signaling in B cells are central to spontaneous germinal center formation and autoimmunity. J Exp Med 2016; 213:715-32. [PMID: 27069112 PMCID: PMC4854731 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20151722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneously developed germinal centers (GCs [Spt-GCs]) harbor autoreactive B cells that generate somatically mutated and class-switched pathogenic autoantibodies (auto-Abs) to promote autoimmunity. However, the mechanisms that regulate Spt-GC development are not clear. In this study, we report that B cell-intrinsic IFN-γ receptor (IFN-γR) and STAT1 signaling are required for Spt-GC and follicular T helper cell (Tfh cell) development. We further demonstrate that IFN-γR and STAT1 signaling control Spt-GC and Tfh cell formation by driving T-bet expression and IFN-γ production by B cells. Global or B cell-specific IFN-γR deficiency in autoimmune B6.Sle1b mice leads to significantly reduced Spt-GC and Tfh cell responses, resulting in diminished antinuclear Ab reactivity and IgG2c and IgG2b auto-Ab titers compared with B6.Sle1b mice. Additionally, we observed that the proliferation and differentiation of DNA-reactive B cells into a GC B cell phenotype require B cell-intrinsic IFN-γR signaling, suggesting that IFN-γR signaling regulates GC B cell tolerance to nuclear self-antigens. The IFN-γR deficiency, however, does not affect GC, Tfh cell, or Ab responses against T cell-dependent foreign antigens, indicating that IFN-γR signaling regulates autoimmune, but not the foreign antigen-driven, GC and Tfh cell responses. Together, our data define a novel B cell-intrinsic IFN-γR signaling pathway specific to Spt-GC development and autoimmunity. This novel pathway can be targeted for future pharmacological intervention to treat systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip P Domeier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Sathi Babu Chodisetti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Chetna Soni
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Stephanie L Schell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Melinda J Elias
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Eric B Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Timothy K Cooper
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Daisuke Kitamura
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 162 0825 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ziaur S M Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
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Stocks BT, Wilhelm AJ, Wilson CS, Marshall AF, Putnam NE, Major AS, Moore DJ. Lupus-Prone Mice Resist Immune Regulation and Transplant Tolerance Induction. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:334-41. [PMID: 26372909 PMCID: PMC4718751 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The strongly immunogenic environment in autoimmune diseases such as lupus may pose a stringent barrier to transplantation. Despite available murine models of lupus, transplant tolerance in this setting has yet to be fully investigated in highly penetrant genetic models of disease. Such studies are of clear clinical importance because lupus is a transplant indication in which transplanted kidneys have a substantially increased risk of rejection including a role for recurrent nephritis. In the fully penetrant B6.SLE123 mouse, we determined that CD4 T follicular helper and germinal center B cells were significantly expanded compared with healthy controls. We traced this expansion to resistance of effector CD4 T and B cells in B6.SLE123 mice to regulation by either CD4 T regulatory cells (CD4Tregs) or CD8 T regulatory cells (CD8Tregs), despite demonstrating normal function by Tregs in this strain. Finally, we determined that B6.SLE123 mice resist anti-CD45RB-mediated tolerance induction to foreign islet allografts, even in the absence of islet autoimmunity. Overall, B6.SLE123 lupus-prone mice are highly resistant to transplant tolerance induction, which provides a new model of failed tolerance in autoimmunity that may elucidate barriers to clinical transplantation in lupus through further cellular and genetic dissection.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. T. Stocks
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - A. J. Wilhelm
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - C. S. Wilson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - A. F. Marshall
- Department of Pediatrics, Ian Burr Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | | | - A. S. Major
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - D. J. Moore
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN,Department of Pediatrics, Ian Burr Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN,Corresponding author: Daniel J. Moore,
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24
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Talaei N, Yu T, Manion K, Bremner R, Wither JE. Identification of the SLAM Adapter Molecule EAT-2 as a Lupus-Susceptibility Gene That Acts through Impaired Negative Regulation of Dendritic Cell Signaling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:4623-31. [PMID: 26432891 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We showed previously that C57BL/6 congenic mice with an introgressed homozygous 70 cM (125.6 Mb) to 100 cM (179.8 Mb) interval on c1 from the lupus-prone New Zealand Black (NZB) mouse develop high titers of antinuclear Abs and severe glomerulonephritis. Using subcongenic mice, we found that a genetic locus in the 88-96 cM region was associated with altered dendritic cell (DC) function and synergized with T cell functional defects to promote expansion of pathogenic proinflammatory T cell subsets. In this article, we show that the promoter region of the NZB gene encoding the SLAM signaling pathway adapter molecule EWS-activated transcript 2 (EAT-2) is polymorphic, which results in an ∼ 70% reduction in EAT-2 in DC. Silencing of the EAT-2 gene in DC that lacked this polymorphism led to increased production of IL-12 and enhanced differentiation of T cells to a Th1 phenotype in T cell-DC cocultures, reproducing the phenotype observed for DC from congenic mice with the NZB c1 70-100 cM interval. SLAM signaling was shown to inhibit production of IL-12 by CD40L-activated DCs. Consistent with a role for EAT-2 in this inhibition, knockdown of EAT-2 resulted in increased production of IL-12 by CD40-stimulated DC. Assessment of downstream signaling following CD40 cross-linking in the presence or absence of SLAM cross-linking revealed that SLAM coengagement blocked activation of p38 MAPK and JNK signaling pathways in DC, which was reversed in DC with the NZB EAT-2 allele. We conclude that EAT-2 negatively regulates cytokine production in DC downstream of SLAM engagement and that a genetic polymorphism that disturbs this process promotes the development of lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Talaei
- Arthritis Centre of Excellence, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Tao Yu
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Kieran Manion
- Arthritis Centre of Excellence, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Rod Bremner
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada; and
| | - Joan E Wither
- Arthritis Centre of Excellence, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
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25
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Soni C, Domeier PP, Wong EB, Shwetank, Khan TN, Elias MJ, Schell SL, Lukacher AE, Cooper TK, Rahman ZSM. Distinct and synergistic roles of FcγRIIB deficiency and 129 strain-derived SLAM family proteins in the development of spontaneous germinal centers and autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 2015; 63:31-46. [PMID: 26162758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The inhibitory IgG Fc receptor (FcγRIIB) deficiency and 129 strain-derived signaling lymphocyte activation molecules (129-SLAMs) are proposed to contribute to the lupus phenotype in FcγRIIB-deficient mice generated using 129 ES cells and backcrossed to C57BL/6 mice (B6.129.RIIBKO). In this study, we examine the individual contributions and the cellular mechanisms by which FcγRIIB deficiency and 129-derived SLAM family genes promote dysregulated spontaneous germinal center (Spt-GC) B cell and follicular helper T cell (Tfh) responses in B6.129.RIIBKO mice. We find that B6 mice congenic for the 129-derived SLAM locus (B6.129-SLAM) and B6 mice deficient in FcγRIIB (B6.RIIBKO) have increased Spt-GC B cell responses compared to B6 controls but significantly lower than B6.129.RIIBKO mice. These data indicate that both FcγRIIB deficiency and 129-SLAMs contribute to elevated Spt-GC B cell responses in B6.129.RIIBKO mice. However, only 129-SLAMs contribute significantly to augmented Tfh responses in B6.129.RIIBKO mice, and do so by a combination of T cell-dependent effects and enhanced B cell and DC-dependent antigen presentation to T cells. Elevated Spt-GC B cell responses in mice with FcγRIIB deficiency and polymorphic 129-SLAMs were associated with elevated metabolic activity, improved GC B cell survival and increased differentiation of naïve B cells into GC B cell phenotype. Our data suggest that the interplay between 129-SLAM expression on B cells, T cells and DCs is central to the alteration of the GC tolerance checkpoint, and that deficiency of FcγRIIB on B cells is necessary to augment Spt-GC responses, pathogenic autoantibodies, and lupus disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetna Soni
- Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, USA
| | - Phillip P Domeier
- Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, USA
| | - Eric B Wong
- Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, USA
| | - Shwetank
- Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, USA
| | - Tahsin N Khan
- Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, USA
| | - Melinda J Elias
- Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, USA
| | - Stephanie L Schell
- Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, USA
| | - Aron E Lukacher
- Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, USA
| | - Timothy K Cooper
- Departments of Comparative Medicine and Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, USA
| | - Ziaur S M Rahman
- Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, USA.
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26
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Significant Reductions in Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Washington State from 2003 to 2011. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128920. [PMID: 26087254 PMCID: PMC4473009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE or lupus) is an autoimmune multisystem disease. While a complete understanding of lupus’ origins, mechanisms, and progression is not yet available, a number of studies have demonstrated correlations between disease prevalence and severity, gender, and race. There have been few population based studies in the United States Objectives To assess temporal changes in demographics and hospital mortality of patients with lupus in Washington State from 2003 to 2011 Study Design This study used data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), a patient information database, and data from the Washington State census to study a group of patients in the state. Lupus hospitalizations were defined as any hospitalization with an ICD-9-CM diagnosis code for systemic lupus erythematosus. Regression analysis was used to assess the effect of calendar time on demographics and hospital outcomes. Results There were a total of 18,905 patients in this study with a diagnostic code for lupus. The mean age of the group was 51.5 years (95% CI: 50.6-52.3) in 2003 and 51.3 years (95% CI: 50.6-52.0) in 2011. The population was 88.6% female. Blacks were 2.8 times more likely to have a lupus hospitalization than whites when compared to the Washington population. While hospital mortality decreased during this eight year period (3.12% in 2003 to 1.28% in 2011, p=0.001) hospital length of stay remained statistically unchanged at an average of 4.9 days during that eight year period. We found a significant decrease in annual hospital mortality over the study period [odds ratio(OR): 0.92 per year, 95% CI 0.88-0.96, P<0.001]. Hospital mortality was higher in males (2.6% male death to 1.8% female death) Conclusions In this large group of hospitalized lupus patients in Washington, hospital length of stay remained relatively stable over time but hospital mortality decreased by over 50% over the eight year study period.
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27
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Yoachim SD, Nuxoll JS, Bynoté KK, Gould KA. Estrogen receptor alpha signaling promotes Sle1-induced loss of tolerance and immune cell activation and is responsible for sex bias in B6.Sle1 congenic mice. Clin Immunol 2015; 158:153-66. [PMID: 25862391 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sex bias in lupus incidence is thought to be due, in part, to the ability of estrogens to promote loss of tolerance. Previously, we showed that estrogens promote lupus via estrogen receptor α (ERα). C57BL/6 (B6) mice carrying the Sle1 lupus susceptibility locus (B6.Sle1) display loss of tolerance and develop anti-nuclear antibodies and immune cell hyperactivation. The incidence of loss of tolerance in B6.Sle1 females is greater than in males. Here, we show that a deficiency of either estrogens or ERα attenuates loss of tolerance and autoantibody development in B6.Sle1 females. Furthermore, we demonstrate that immune cell activation in B6.Sle1 mice shows sex bias and that ERα deficiency diminishes this phenotype in B6.Sle1 females. Thus, estrogens, acting via ERα, control sex bias in the Sle1 phenotype. Furthermore, we show that ERα may impact the Sle1 phenotype by modulating the expression of Pbx1, one of genes that underlies the Sle1 locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayla D Yoachim
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985805 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5805, USA
| | - Jenny S Nuxoll
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985805 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5805, USA
| | - Kimberly K Bynoté
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985805 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5805, USA
| | - Karen A Gould
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985805 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5805, USA.
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28
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Wong EB, Soni C, Chan AY, Domeier PP, Shwetank, Abraham T, Limaye N, Khan TN, Elias MJ, Chodisetti SB, Wakeland EK, Rahman ZSM. B cell-intrinsic CD84 and Ly108 maintain germinal center B cell tolerance. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:4130-43. [PMID: 25801429 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1403023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Signaling lymphocyte activation molecules (SLAMs) play an integral role in immune regulation. Polymorphisms in the SLAM family receptors are implicated in human and mouse model of lupus disease. The lupus-associated, somatically mutated, and class-switched pathogenic autoantibodies are generated in spontaneously developed germinal centers (GCs) in secondary lymphoid organs. The role and mechanism of B cell-intrinsic expression of polymorphic SLAM receptors that affect B cell tolerance at the GC checkpoint are not clear. In this study, we generated several bacterial artificial chromosome-transgenic mice that overexpress C57BL/6 (B6) alleles of different SLAM family genes on an autoimmune-prone B6.Sle1b background. B6.Sle1b mice overexpressing B6-derived Ly108 and CD84 exhibit a significant reduction in the spontaneously developed GC response and autoantibody production compared with B6.Sle1b mice. These data suggest a prominent role for Sle1b-derived Ly108 and CD84 in altering the GC checkpoint. We further confirm that expression of lupus-associated CD84 and Ly108 specifically on GC B cells in B6.Sle1b mice is sufficient to break B cell tolerance, leading to an increase in autoantibody production. In addition, we observe that B6.Sle1b B cells have reduced BCR signaling and a lower frequency of B cell-T cell conjugates; the reverse is seen in B6.Sle1b mice overexpressing B6 alleles of CD84 and Ly108. Finally, we find a significant decrease in apoptotic GC B cells in B6.Sle1b mice compared with B6 controls. Our study establishes a central role for GC B cell-specific CD84 and Ly108 expression in maintaining B cell tolerance in GCs and in preventing autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric B Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Chetna Soni
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Alice Y Chan
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390; and
| | - Phillip P Domeier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Shwetank
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Thomas Abraham
- Department of Research Resources, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Nisha Limaye
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390; and
| | - Tahsin N Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Melinda J Elias
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Sathi Babu Chodisetti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Edward K Wakeland
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390; and
| | - Ziaur S M Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033;
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29
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Soni C, Wong EB, Domeier PP, Khan TN, Satoh T, Akira S, Rahman ZSM. B cell-intrinsic TLR7 signaling is essential for the development of spontaneous germinal centers. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:4400-14. [PMID: 25252960 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous germinal center (Spt-GC) B cells and follicular helper T cells generate high-affinity autoantibodies that are involved in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus. TLRs play a pivotal role in systemic lupus erythematosus pathogenesis. Although previous studies focused on the B cell-intrinsic role of TLR-MyD88 signaling on immune activation, autoantibody repertoire, and systemic inflammation, the mechanisms by which TLRs control the formation of Spt-GCs remain unclear. Using nonautoimmune C57BL/6 (B6) mice deficient in MyD88, TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR7, or TLR9, we identified B cell-intrinsic TLR7 signaling as a prerequisite to Spt-GC formation without the confounding effects of autoimmune susceptibility genes and the overexpression of TLRs. TLR7 deficiency also rendered autoimmune B6.Sle1b mice unable to form Spt-GCs, leading to markedly decreased autoantibodies. Conversely, B6.yaa and B6.Sle1b.yaa mice expressing an extra copy of TLR7 and B6.Sle1b mice treated with a TLR7 agonist had increased Spt-GCs and follicular helper T cells. Further, TLR7/MyD88 deficiency led to compromised B cell proliferation and survival after B cell stimulation both in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, TLR9 inhibited Spt-GC development. Our findings demonstrate an absolute requirement for TLR7 and a negative regulatory function for TLR9 in Spt-GC formation under nonautoimmune and autoimmune conditions. Our data suggest that, under nonautoimmune conditions, Spt-GCs initiated by TLR7 produce protective Abs. However, in the presence of autoimmune susceptibility genes, TLR7-dependent Spt-GCs produce pathogenic autoantibodies. Thus, a single copy of TLR7 in B cells is the minimal requirement for breaking the GC-tolerance checkpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetna Soni
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Eric B Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Phillip P Domeier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Tahsin N Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239; and
| | - Takashi Satoh
- Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ziaur S M Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033;
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30
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Nusser A, Nuber N, Wirz OF, Rolink H, Andersson J, Rolink A. The development of autoimmune features in aging mice is closely associated with alterations of the peripheral CD4⁺ T-cell compartment. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:2893-902. [PMID: 25044476 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201344408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Some signs of potential autoimmunity, such as the appearance of antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) become prevalent with age. In most cases, elderly people with ANAs remain healthy. Here, we investigated whether the same holds true for inbred strains of mice. Indeed, we show that most mice of the C57BL/6 (B6) strain spontaneously produced IgG ANA at 8-12 months of age, showed IgM deposition in kidneys and lymphocyte infiltrates in submandibular salivary glands. Despite all of this, the mice remained healthy. ANA production is likely CD4(+) T-cell dependent, since old (40-50 weeks of age) B6 mice deficient for MHC class II do not produce IgG ANAs. BM chimeras showed that ANA production was not determined by age-related changes in radiosensitive, hematopoietic progenitor cells, and that the CD4(+) T cells that promote ANA production were radioresistant. Thymectomy of B6 mice at 5 weeks of age led to premature alterations in T-cell homeostasis and ANA production, by 15 weeks of age, similar to that in old mice. Our findings suggest that a disturbed T-cell homeostasis may drive the onset of some autoimmune features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Nusser
- Developmental and Molecular Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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31
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Keszei M, Detre C, Castro W, Magelky E, O'Keeffe M, Kis-Toth K, Tsokos GC, Wang N, Terhorst C. Expansion of an osteopontin-expressing T follicular helper cell subset correlates with autoimmunity in B6.Sle1b mice and is suppressed by the H1-isoform of the Slamf6 receptor. FASEB J 2013; 27:3123-31. [PMID: 23629864 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-226951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The costimulatory receptor Slamf6 partially controls lupus-related autoimmunity in congenic Sle1b mice; for instance, the presence of the protein isoform Slamf6-H1 in Sle1b.Slamf6-H1 mice mitigates disease. Here, we report that young Sle1b mice, but not Sle1b.Slamf6-H1 or B6 mice, contain a memory T-helper cell subset identified by ]mt]2-fold increase in expression of 17 genes, chief among which is Spp1, encoding the cytokine osteopontin (OPN). These T follicular helper (TFH) cells, including OPN(+) TFH cells, expand concomitantly with severity of the disease. By contrast, Sle1b.Slamf6-H1 or Sle1b.SAP(-)/(-) mice do not develop autoantibodies and the number of T(FH) cells is 5 times lower than in age-matched Sle1b mice. By comparing Sle1b and Sle1b.OPN(-)/(-) mice, we find that the lack of OPN expression impedes early autoantibody production. Furthermore, on the adoptive transfer of Sle1b.OPN(-)/(-) CD4(+) T cells into bm12 recipients autoantibody production and germinal center formation is reduced compared to recipients of Sle1b.OPN(+/+) CD4(+) T cells. We propose a model in which OPN provides a survival signal for a precursor T(FH) cell subset, which is a key factor in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marton Keszei
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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