1
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Fike AJ, Chodisetti SB, Wright NE, Bricker KN, Domeier PP, Maienschein-Cline M, Rosenfeld AM, Luckenbill SA, Weber JL, Choi NM, Luning Prak ET, Mandal M, Clark MR, Rahman ZSM. STAT3 signaling in B cells controls germinal center zone organization and recycling. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112512. [PMID: 37200190 PMCID: PMC10311431 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Germinal centers (GCs), sites of antibody affinity maturation, are organized into dark (DZ) and light (LZ) zones. Here, we show a B cell-intrinsic role for signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in GC DZ and LZ organization. Altered zonal organization of STAT3-deficient GCs dampens development of long-lived plasma cells (LL-PCs) but increases memory B cells (MBCs). In an abundant antigenic environment, achieved here by prime-boost immunization, STAT3 is not required for GC initiation, maintenance, or proliferation but is important for sustaining GC zonal organization by regulating GC B cell recycling. Th cell-derived signals drive STAT3 tyrosine 705 and serine 727 phosphorylation in LZ B cells, regulating their recycling into the DZ. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) analyses identified STAT3 regulated genes that are critical for LZ cell recycling and transiting through DZ proliferation and differentiation phases. Thus, STAT3 signaling in B cells controls GC zone organization and recycling, and GC egress of PCs, but negatively regulates MBC output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Fike
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Sathi Babu Chodisetti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Nathaniel E Wright
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology and Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kristen N Bricker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Phillip P Domeier
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | | | - Aaron M Rosenfeld
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sara A Luckenbill
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Julia L Weber
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Nicholas M Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Eline T Luning Prak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Malay Mandal
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology and Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Marcus R Clark
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology and Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ziaur S M Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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2
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Schell SL, Bricker KN, Fike AJ, Chodisetti SB, Domeier PP, Choi NM, Fasnacht MJ, Luckenbill SA, Ziegler SF, Rahman ZSM. Context-Dependent miR-21 Regulation of TLR7-Mediated Autoimmune and Foreign Antigen-Driven Antibody-Forming Cell and Germinal Center Responses. J Immunol 2021; 206:2803-2818. [PMID: 34039637 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in healthy B cell responses and the loss of tolerance in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), although the role of many miRNAs remains poorly understood. Dampening miR-21 activity was previously shown to reduce splenomegaly and blood urea nitrogen levels in SLE-prone mice, but the detailed cellular responses and mechanism of action remains unexplored. In this study, using the TLR7 agonist, imiquimod-induced SLE model, we observed that loss of miR-21 in Sle1b mice prevented the formation of plasma cells and autoantibody-producing Ab-forming cells (AFCs) without a significant effect on the magnitude of the germinal center (GC) response. We further observed reduced dendritic cell and monocyte numbers in the spleens of miR-21-deficient Sle1b mice that were associated with reduced IFN, proinflammatory cytokines, and effector CD4+ T cell responses. RNA sequencing analysis on B cells from miR-21-deficient Sle1b mice revealed reduced activation and response to IFN, and cytokine and target array analysis revealed modulation of numerous miR-21 target genes in response to TLR7 activation and type I IFN stimulation. Our findings in the B6.Sle1bYaa (Sle1b Yaa) spontaneous model recapitulated the miR-21 role in TLR7-induced responses with an additional role in autoimmune GC and T follicular helper responses. Finally, immunization with T-dependent Ag revealed a role for miR-21 in foreign Ag-driven GC and Ab, but not AFC, responses. Our data suggest a potential multifaceted, context-dependent role for miR-21 in autoimmune and foreign Ag-driven AFC and GC responses. Further study is warranted to delineate the cell-intrinsic requirements and mechanisms of miR-21 during infection and SLE development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Schell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA; and
| | - Kristen N Bricker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA; and
| | - Adam J Fike
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA; and
| | - Sathi Babu Chodisetti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA; and
| | | | - Nicholas M Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA; and
| | - Melinda J Fasnacht
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA; and
| | - Sara A Luckenbill
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA; and
| | | | - Ziaur S M Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA; and
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3
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Fike AJ, Chodisetti SB, Bricker KN, Choi NM, Chroneos ZC, Kaplan MH, Rahman ZSM. STAT4 Is Largely Dispensable for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-like Autoimmune- and Foreign Antigen-Driven Antibody-Forming Cell, Germinal Center, and Follicular Th Cell Responses. Immunohorizons 2021; 5:2-15. [PMID: 33446493 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2000111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies identified variants in the transcription factor STAT4 gene and several other genes in the STAT4 signaling pathway, such as IL12A, IL12B, JAK2, and TYK2, which are associated with an increased risk of developing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other autoimmune diseases. Consistent with the genome-wide association studies data, STAT4 was shown to play an important role in autoimmune responses and autoimmunity development in SLE mouse models. Despite such important role for STAT4 in SLE development in mice and humans, little is known whether and how STAT4 may regulate extrafollicular Ab-forming cell (AFC) and follicular germinal center (GC) responses, two major pathways of autoreactive B cell development and autoantibody production. To our surprise, we found STAT4 to be largely dispensable for promoting autoimmune AFC and GC responses in various autoimmune- and SLE-prone mouse models, which strongly correlated with autoantibody production, and immune complex deposition and immune cell infiltration in the kidney. We further observed that STAT4 deficiency had no effects on AFC, GC, and Ag-specific Ab responses during protein Ag immunization or influenza virus infection. Additionally, CD4+ effector and follicular Th cell responses in autoimmune- and SLE-prone mice and protein Ag-immunized and influenza virus-infected mice were intact in the absence of STAT4. Together, our data demonstrate a largely dispensable role for STAT4 in AFC, GC, and Ab responses in SLE mouse models and in certain foreign Ag-driven responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Fike
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Sathi Babu Chodisetti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Kristen N Bricker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Nicholas M Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Zissis C Chroneos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
- Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033; and
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Ziaur S M Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033;
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4
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Koscsó B, Kurapati S, Rodrigues RR, Nedjic J, Gowda K, Shin C, Soni C, Ashraf AZ, Purushothaman I, Palisoc M, Xu S, Sun H, Chodisetti SB, Lin E, Mack M, Kawasawa YI, He P, Rahman ZSM, Aifantis I, Shulzhenko N, Morgun A, Bogunovic M. Gut-resident CX3CR1 hi macrophages induce tertiary lymphoid structures and IgA response in situ. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:5/46/eaax0062. [PMID: 32276965 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aax0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) are composed of heterogeneous dendritic cell (DC) and macrophage subsets necessary for the initiation of immune response and control of inflammation. Although MPs in the normal intestine have been extensively studied, the heterogeneity and function of inflammatory MPs remain poorly defined. We performed phenotypical, transcriptional, and functional analyses of inflammatory MPs in infectious Salmonella colitis and identified CX3CR1+ MPs as the most prevalent inflammatory cell type. CX3CR1+ MPs were further divided into three distinct populations, namely, Nos2 +CX3CR1lo, Ccr7 +CX3CR1int (lymph migratory), and Cxcl13 +CX3CR1hi (mucosa resident), all of which were transcriptionally aligned with macrophages and derived from monocytes. In follow-up experiments in vivo, intestinal CX3CR1+ macrophages were superior to conventional DC1 (cDC1) and cDC2 in inducing Salmonella-specific mucosal IgA. We next examined spatial organization of the immune response induced by CX3CR1+ macrophage subsets and identified mucosa-resident Cxcl13 +CX3CR1hi macrophages as the antigen-presenting cells responsible for recruitment and activation of CD4+ T and B cells to the sites of Salmonella invasion, followed by tertiary lymphoid structure formation and the local pathogen-specific IgA response. Using mice we developed with a floxed Ccr7 allele, we showed that this local IgA response developed independently of migration of the Ccr7 +CX3CR1int population to the mesenteric lymph nodes and contributed to the total mucosal IgA response to infection. The differential activity of intestinal macrophage subsets in promoting mucosal IgA responses should be considered in the development of vaccines to prevent Salmonella infection and in the design of anti-inflammatory therapies aimed at modulating macrophage function in inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Koscsó
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Sravya Kurapati
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.,Biomedical Sciences PhD Program, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | | | - Jelena Nedjic
- Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kavitha Gowda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Changsik Shin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Chetna Soni
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Azree Zaffran Ashraf
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Indira Purushothaman
- PhD Program in Anatomy at Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Maryknoll Palisoc
- MD/PhD Medical Scientist Training Program, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Sulei Xu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Haoyu Sun
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Sathi Babu Chodisetti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Eugene Lin
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Internal Medicine/Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Yuka Imamura Kawasawa
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Personalized Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Pingnian He
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Ziaur S M Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Iannis Aifantis
- Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Natalia Shulzhenko
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Andrey Morgun
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Milena Bogunovic
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
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5
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Chodisetti SB, Fike AJ, Domeier PP, Choi NM, Soni C, Rahman ZSM. TLR7 Negatively Regulates B10 Cells Predominantly in an IFNγ Signaling Dependent Manner. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1632. [PMID: 32849556 PMCID: PMC7399053 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-10 producing B cells (B10 cells) play an important immunoregulatory role in various autoimmune and infection conditions. However, the factors that regulate their development and maintenance are incompletely understood. Recently, we and others have established a requirement for TLR7 in promoting autoimmune antibody forming cell (AFC) and germinal center (GC) responses. Here we report an important additional role of TLR7 in the negative regulation of B10 cell development. TLR7 overexpression or overstimulation promoted the reduction of B10 cells whereas TLR7 deficiency rescued these cells in both non-autoimmune and autoimmune-prone mice. TLR7 expression was further inversely correlated with B cell-dependent IL-10 production and its inhibition of CD4 T cell proliferation and IFNγ production in an in vitro B cell and T cell co-culture system. Further, B10 cells displayed elevated TLR7, IFNγR, and STAT1 expression compared to non-B10 cells. Interestingly, deficiency of IFNγR in TLR7 overexpressing lupus-prone mice rescued B10 cells from TLR7-mediated reduction. Finally, B cell intrinsic deletion of IFNγR was sufficient to restore B10 cells in the spleens of TLR7-promoted autoimmune mouse model. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate a novel role for the IFNγR-STAT1 pathway in TLR7-mediated negative regulation of B10 cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathi Babu Chodisetti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Adam J Fike
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Phillip P Domeier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Nicholas M Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Chetna Soni
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Ziaur S M Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
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6
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Chodisetti SB, Fike AJ, Domeier PP, Schell SL, Mockus TE, Choi NM, Corradetti C, Hou B, Atkins HM, Caricchio R, Decker T, Lukacher AE, Olsen N, Rahman ZSM. Serine Phosphorylation of the STAT1 Transactivation Domain Promotes Autoreactive B Cell and Systemic Autoimmunity Development. J Immunol 2020; 204:2641-2650. [PMID: 32253245 PMCID: PMC9305983 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2023]
Abstract
Although STAT1 tyrosine-701 phosphorylation (designated STAT1-pY701) is indispensable for STAT1 function, the requirement for STAT1 serine-727 phosphorylation (designated STAT1-pS727) during systemic autoimmune and antipathogen responses remains unclear. Using autoimmune-prone B6.Sle1b mice expressing a STAT1-S727A mutant in which serine is replaced by alanine, we report in this study that STAT1-pS727 promotes autoimmune Ab-forming cell (AFC) and germinal center (GC) responses, driving autoantibody production and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) development. In contrast, STAT1-pS727 is not required for GC, T follicular helper cell (Tfh), and Ab responses to various foreign Ags, including pathogens. STAT1-pS727 is also not required for gut microbiota and dietary Ag-driven GC and Tfh responses in B6.Sle1b mice. By generating B cell-specific bone marrow chimeras, we demonstrate that STAT1-pS727 plays an important B cell-intrinsic role in promoting autoimmune AFC, GC, and Tfh responses, leading to SLE-associated autoantibody production. Our analysis of the TLR7-accelerated B6.Sle1b.Yaa SLE disease model expressing a STAT1-S727A mutant reveals STAT1-pS727-mediated regulation of autoimmune AFC and GC responses and lupus nephritis development. Together, we identify previously unrecognized differential regulation of systemic autoimmune and antipathogen responses by STAT1-pS727. Our data implicate STAT1-pS727 as a therapeutic target for SLE without overtly affecting STAT1-mediated protection against pathogenic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathi Babu Chodisetti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Adam J Fike
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Phillip P Domeier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Stephanie L Schell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Taryn E Mockus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Nicholas M Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | | | - Baidong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
| | - Hannah M Atkins
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | | | - Thomas Decker
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria; and
| | - Aron E Lukacher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Nancy Olsen
- Department of Rheumatology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Ziaur S M Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033;
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7
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Chodisetti SB, Fike A, Bricker K, Domeier PP, Choi NM, Rahman Z. B cell-intrinsic STAT3 regulates the germinal center dark zone. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.151.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Germinal centers (GCs) are sites for antibody diversification, somatic hypermutation (SHM) and antigen specific B cell selection. GCs are anatomically divided into two distinct areas known as dark zone (DZ) and light zone (LZ) where SHM and clonal selection occurs, respectively. Although previous studies have suggested a B cell-intrinsic role of STAT3 in GC maintenance and antibody responses, how STAT3 signaling in B cells may maintain GCs for B cell selection is not clear. Using immunization and infection models, we show that STAT3 in B cells regulates the GC DZ, resulting in decreased high affinity antibody production. STAT3 deficient DZ B cells demonstrate a decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptotic activity. Further, STAT3 deletion in B cells led to defects in plasma cell formation and B cell memory response. Using GC B cell specific STAT3 conditional knockout mice and GC B cell culture system, we show that STAT3 deficient GC B cells display low amounts of FOXO1, a critical transcription factor required for GC DZ program. Transcriptomic analysis of GC B cells from STAT3 deficient and sufficient mice reveals STAT3-mediated gene regulation of multiple cellular pathways known to be involved in GC DZ maintenance. In conclusion, STAT3 signaling in B cells controls the GC DZ, which, in turn, helps maintain GCs for high-affinity antibody production. Our findings identify STAT3 as a novel target for enhancing humoral immunity as well as for the treatment of diseases involving abnormal GC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam Fike
- 1Pennsylvania State Univ. Col. of Med
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8
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Fike AJ, Chodisetti SB, Domeier PP, Singh H, Schell SL, Mockus TE, Choi NM, Corradetti C, Kawasawa YI, Hou B, Atkins HM, Caricchio R, Decker T, Lukacher AE, Olsen NJ, Rahman ZS. Serine phosphorylation of the STAT1 transactivation domain promotes autoreactive B cell and systemic autoimmunity development. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.218.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Although STAT1 tyrosine-701 phosphorylation (STAT1-pY701) is indispensable for STAT1 function, the requirement for STAT1 serine-727 phosphorylation (STAT1-pS727) during autoimmune and anti-pathogen responses remains unclear. Here we report that STAT1-pS727 promotes autoimmune antibody-forming cell (AFC) and germinal center (GC) responses, driving systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) development. STAT1-pS727, however, is not required for GC and antibody responses to foreign-antigens including pathogens or gut microbiota. STAT1-pS727 plays an important B cell-intrinsic role in driving autoimmunity. Transcriptomic analysis of B cells from TLR7-accelerated SLE-prone mice reveals STAT1-pS727-mediated gene regulation of cellular pathways known to be involved in autoimmune GC and AFC responses. Mechanistically, TLR7 activation in B cells induces STAT1-pS727 and during autoimmune responses TLR7 signaling converges with IFNγ-STAT1 signaling in B cells by recruiting STAT1 into the MyD88 signaling complex. Together, we identify previously unappreciated differential regulation of autoimmune and anti-pathogen responses by STAT1-pS727, and implicate STAT1-pS727 as a therapeutic target for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Baidong Hou
- 6Institute of Biophysics of Chinese Academy of Sciences
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9
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Chodisetti SB, Fike AJ, Domeier PP, Singh H, Choi NM, Corradetti C, Kawasawa YI, Cooper TK, Caricchio R, Rahman ZSM. Type II but Not Type I IFN Signaling Is Indispensable for TLR7-Promoted Development of Autoreactive B Cells and Systemic Autoimmunity. J Immunol 2020; 204:796-809. [PMID: 31900342 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
TLR7 is associated with development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Although TLRs are known to activate type I IFN (T1IFN) signaling, the role of T1IFN and IFN-γ signaling in differential regulation of TLR7-mediated Ab-forming cell (AFC) and germinal center (GC) responses, and SLE development has never been directly investigated. Using TLR7-induced and TLR7 overexpression models of SLE, we report in this study a previously unrecognized indispensable role of TLR7-induced IFN-γ signaling in promoting AFC and GC responses, leading to autoreactive B cell and SLE development. T1IFN signaling in contrast, only modestly contributed to autoimmune responses and the disease process in these mice. TLR7 ligand imiquimod treated IFN-γ reporter mice show that CD4+ effector T cells including follicular helper T (Tfh) cells are the major producers of TLR7-induced IFN-γ. Transcriptomic analysis of splenic tissues from imiquimod-treated autoimmune-prone B6.Sle1b mice sufficient and deficient for IFN-γR indicates that TLR7-induced IFN-γ activates multiple signaling pathways to regulate TLR7-promoted SLE. Conditional deletion of Ifngr1 gene in peripheral B cells further demonstrates that TLR7-driven autoimmune AFC, GC and Tfh responses and SLE development are dependent on IFN-γ signaling in B cells. Finally, we show crucial B cell-intrinsic roles of STAT1 and T-bet in TLR7-driven GC, Tfh and plasma cell differentiation. Altogether, we uncover a nonredundant role for IFN-γ and its downstream signaling molecules STAT1 and T-bet in B cells in promoting TLR7-driven AFC, GC, and SLE development whereas T1IFN signaling moderately contributes to these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathi Babu Chodisetti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Adam J Fike
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Phillip P Domeier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | | | - Nicholas M Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | | | - Yuka Imamura Kawasawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Personalized Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Personalized Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033; and
| | - Timothy K Cooper
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | | | - Ziaur S M Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033;
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10
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Domeier PP, Chodisetti SB, Schell SL, Kawasawa YI, Fasnacht MJ, Soni C, Rahman ZSM. B-Cell-Intrinsic Type 1 Interferon Signaling Is Crucial for Loss of Tolerance and the Development of Autoreactive B Cells. Cell Rep 2019; 24:406-418. [PMID: 29996101 PMCID: PMC6089613 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 interferon (T1IFN) signaling promotes inflammation and lupus pathology, but its role in autoreactive B cell development in the antibody-forming cell (AFC) and germinal center (GC) pathways is unclear. Using a lupus model that allows for focused study of the AFC and GC responses, we show that T1IFN signaling is crucial for autoreactive B cell development in the AFC and GC pathways. Through bone marrow chimeras, DNA-reactive B cell transfer, and GC-specific Cre mice, we confirm that IFNαR signaling in B cells promotes autoreactive B cell development into both pathways. Transcriptomic analysis reveals gene expression alterations in multiple signaling pathways in non-GC and GC B cells in the absence of IFNαR. Finally, we find that T1IFN signaling promotes autoreactive B cell development in the AFC and GC pathways by regulating BCR signaling. These data suggest value for anti-IFNαR therapy in individuals with elevated T1IFN activity before clinical disease onset. The B-cell-intrinsic mechanisms of type 1 interferon (T1IFN) signaling in regulating B cell tolerance is unclear. Domeier et al. show that T1IFN signaling in B cells causes loss of B cell tolerance, promoting autoreactive B cell development into the antibody-forming cell and germinal center pathways by regulating BCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip P Domeier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA
| | - Sathi Babu Chodisetti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA
| | - Stephanie L Schell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA
| | - Yuka Imamura Kawasawa
- Departments of Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Personalized Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA
| | - Melinda J Fasnacht
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA
| | - Chetna Soni
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA
| | - Ziaur S M Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA.
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11
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Schell SL, Chodisetti SB, Fike AJ, Choi NM, Bricker KN, Rahman ZSM. Strain-Dependent Contribution of MAVS to Spontaneous Germinal Center Responses. Immunohorizons 2019; 3:463-477. [PMID: 31594791 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.1900048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Germinal centers (GCs) are essential for the production of somatically hypermutated, class-switched Abs that are protective against infection, but they also form in the absence of purposeful immunization or infection, and are termed spontaneous GCs (Spt-GCs). Although Spt-GCs can arise in nonautoimmune-prone mice, aberrant regulation of Spt-GCs in autoimmune-prone mice is strongly associated with the development of autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus. The formation of Spt-GCs is crucially driven by TLR7-mediated RNA sensing. However, the impact of MAVS-dependent, Rig-like receptor-mediated RNA sensing on the Spt-GC response remains unknown. In this study, we assessed the Spt-GC response and splenic B cell development in two MAVS-deficient mice with distinct genetic backgrounds. Importantly, we found that MAVS differentially controls Spt-GC responses and B cell development, depending on genetic background. B6/129 mixed background MAVSKO mice had nearly absent Spt-GC responses in the spleen and cervical lymph nodes, which were associated with impaired splenic B cell development, in addition to impaired B cell activation and TLR7 expression. Interestingly, treatment of mice with TLR7 agonist could partially rescue GC responses by overcoming follicular B cell activation deficits. Contrastingly, the absence of MAVS on a B6 background resulted in normal B cell development and Spt-GC formation. Our results highlight important differences in the contribution of MAVS to B cell development and Spt-GC function, depending on the genetic background, warranting greater regard for the impact of genetic background in further studies using these mice for the study of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Schell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Sathi Babu Chodisetti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Adam J Fike
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Nicholas M Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Kristen N Bricker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Ziaur S M Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
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12
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Rai PK, Chodisetti SB, Maurya SK, Nadeem S, Zeng W, Janmeja AK, Jackson DC, Agrewala JN. A lipidated bi-epitope vaccine comprising of MHC-I and MHC-II binder peptides elicits protective CD4 T cell and CD8 T cell immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Transl Med 2018; 16:279. [PMID: 30305097 PMCID: PMC6180631 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1653-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The clinical trials conducted at Chingleput India suggest that BCG fails to protect against tuberculosis (TB) in TB-endemic population. Recent studies advocate that non-tuberculous mycobacteria and latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection interferes in the antigen processing and presentation of BCG in inducing protective immunity against Mtb. Thereby, indicating that any vaccine that require extensive antigen processing may not be efficacious in TB-endemic zones. Recently, we have demonstrated that the vaccine candidate L91, which is composed of lipidated promiscuous MHC-II binder epitope, derived from latency associated Acr1 antigen of Mtb is immunogenic in the murine and Guinea pig models of TB and conferred better protection than BCG against Mtb. Methods In this study, we have used a multi-stage based bi-epitope vaccine, namely L4.8, comprising of MHC-I and MHC-II binding peptides of active (TB10.4) and latent (Acr1) stages of Mtb antigens, respectively. These peptides were conjugated to the TLR-2 agonist Pam2Cys. Results L4.8 significantly elicited both CD8 T cells and CD4 T cells immunity, as evidenced by increase in the enduring polyfunctional CD8 T cells and CD4 T cells. L4.8 efficiently declined Mtb-burden and protected animals better than BCG and L91, even at the late stage of Mtb infection. Conclusions The BCG-L4.8 prime boost strategy imparts a better protection against TB than the BCG alone. This study emphatically denotes that L4.8 can be a promising future vaccine candidate for controlling active and latent TB. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-018-1653-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep K Rai
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sathi Babu Chodisetti
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | | | - Sajid Nadeem
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Weiguang Zeng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Ashok K Janmeja
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - David C Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Javed N Agrewala
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India. .,Indian Institute of Technology, Rupnagar, 140001, India.
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13
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Shinde R, Hezaveh K, Halaby MJ, Kloetgen A, Chakravarthy A, da Silva Medina T, Deol R, Manion KP, Baglaenko Y, Eldh M, Lamorte S, Wallace D, Chodisetti SB, Ravishankar B, Liu H, Chaudhary K, Munn DH, Tsirigos A, Madaio M, Gabrielsson S, Touma Z, Wither J, De Carvalho DD, McGaha TL. Apoptotic cell-induced AhR activity is required for immunological tolerance and suppression of systemic lupus erythematosus in mice and humans. Nat Immunol 2018; 19:571-582. [PMID: 29760532 PMCID: PMC5976527 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0107-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor AhR modulates immunity at multiple levels. Here we report phagocytes exposed to apoptotic cells exhibited rapid activation of AhR, which drove production of interleukin 10. Activation of AhR was dependent on interactions between apoptotic-cell DNA and the pattern-recognition receptor TLR9 that was required for prevention of immune responses to DNA and histones in vivo. Moreover, disease progression in murine systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) correlated with strength of the AhR signal, and disease course could be altered by modulation of AhR activity. Deletion of AhR in the myeloid lineage caused systemic autoimmunity in mice and an increased AhR transcriptional signature correlated with disease in patients with SLE. Thus, AhR activity induced by apoptotic cell phagocytes maintains peripheral tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Shinde
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kebria Hezaveh
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marie Jo Halaby
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andreas Kloetgen
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ankur Chakravarthy
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tiago da Silva Medina
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Reema Deol
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kieran P Manion
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yuriy Baglaenko
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maria Eldh
- Department of Medicine, Unit for Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Lamorte
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Drew Wallace
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sathi Babu Chodisetti
- Department of Immunology, Pennsylvania State University School of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | | | - Haiyun Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kapil Chaudhary
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David H Munn
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Aristotelis Tsirigos
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Madaio
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Susanne Gabrielsson
- Department of Medicine, Unit for Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zahi Touma
- University of Toronto Lupus Clinic, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Prognosis Studies in Rheumatic Diseases, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joan Wither
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel D De Carvalho
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tracy L McGaha
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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14
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Chodisetti SB, Domeier PP, Choi N, Rahman ZS. TLR7 and IFNγ signaling converge at STAT1 in B cells to control germinal center mediated autoimmunity. The Journal of Immunology 2018. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.40.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Toll like receptor 7 (TLR7) is required for the development of spontaneous germinal center (Spt-GC) mediated autoimmunity. Accordingly, autoimmune-prone B6.Sle1b mice carrying an extra copy of TLR7 in the Yaa locus (named B6.Sle1bYaa mice) exhibit significantly elevated Spt-GC responses that strongly correlate with exacerbation of lupus disease. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms in TLR7 driven autoimmunity are not clearly defined. Here we report that overexpression of TLR7 or stimulation with its agonist, imiquimod increases IFNγR and STAT1 expression, and the strength of IFNγR-STAT1 signaling in B cells. B6.Sle1bYaa mice deficient in IFNγR (Sle1bYaa.IFNγR−/−) fail to develop Spt-GCs, resulting in markedly reduced serum autoantibody (autoAb) titers and renal pathology. Further, B cell-intrinsic IFNgR or STAT1 deficient mice fail to generate Spt-GC responses upon imiquimod treatment. Interestingly, TLR7 stimulation induces STAT1 phosphorylation at serine-727 in B cells. Consistently, lupus-prone B6.Sle1b mice with alanine substitution for serine-727 in STAT1 (Sle1b.STAT1-S727A) show significantly reduced Spt-GC responses, resulting in decreased number of ANA-producing antibody forming cells and serum autoAb titers. Finally, using mixed bone marrow chimeras, we find that B cell-intrinsic STAT1-S727 phosphorylation is required for increased autoAb titers in B6.Sle1b mice. Mice with S727A mutation in STAT1, however, respond normally to T-dependent protein immunization. Together these data highlight the importance of a crosstalk between IFNγ and TLR7 signaling in B cells at STAT1 in Spt-GC responses and lupus-like autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathi Babu Chodisetti
- 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Phillip P. Domeier
- 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Nicholas Choi
- 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
- 2PennState College of Medicine
| | - Ziaur S.M. Rahman
- 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
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15
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Bae HR, Hodge DL, Yang GX, Leung PS, Chodisetti SB, Valencia JC, Sanford M, Fenimore JM, Rahman ZS, Tsuneyama K, Norman GL, Gershwin ME, Young HA. The interplay of type I and type II interferons in murine autoimmune cholangitis as a basis for sex-biased autoimmunity. Hepatology 2018; 67:1408-1419. [PMID: 28921595 PMCID: PMC5856578 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We have reported on a murine model of autoimmune cholangitis, generated by altering the AU-rich element (ARE) by deletion of the interferon gamma (IFN-γ) 3' untranslated region (coined ARE-Del-/- ), that has striking similarities to human primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) with female predominance. Previously, we suggested that the sex bias of autoimmune cholangitis was secondary to intense and sustained type I and II IFN signaling. Based on this thesis, and to define the mechanisms that lead to portal inflammation, we specifically addressed the hypothesis that type I IFNs are the driver of this disease. To accomplish these goals, we crossed ARE-Del-/- mice with IFN type I receptor alpha chain (Ifnar1) knockout mice. We report herein that loss of type I IFN receptor signaling in the double construct of ARE-Del-/- Ifnar1-/- mice dramatically reduces liver pathology and abrogated sex bias. More importantly, female ARE-Del-/- mice have an increased number of germinal center (GC) B cells as well as abnormal follicular formation, sites which have been implicated in loss of tolerance. Deletion of type I IFN signaling in ARE-Del-/- Ifnar1-/- mice corrects these GC abnormalities, including abnormal follicular structure. CONCLUSION Our data implicate type I IFN signaling as a necessary component of the sex bias of this murine model of autoimmune cholangitis. Importantly these data suggest that drugs that target the type I IFN signaling pathway would have potential benefit in the earlier stages of PBC. (Hepatology 2018;67:1408-1419).
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Affiliation(s)
- Heekyong R. Bae
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, and Leidos Frederick, Frederick, MD
| | - Deborah L. Hodge
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, and Leidos Frederick, Frederick, MD
| | - Guo-Xiang Yang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Patrick S.C. Leung
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Sathi Babu Chodisetti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Julio C. Valencia
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, and Leidos Frederick, Frederick, MD
| | - Michael Sanford
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, and Leidos Frederick, Frederick, MD
| | - John M. Fenimore
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, and Leidos Frederick, Frederick, MD
| | - Ziaur S.M. Rahman
- Cellular Interactions and Immunimaging Institutes of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology (IMMEI), University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Japan
| | | | - M. Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Howard A. Young
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, and Leidos Frederick, Frederick, MD
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16
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Soni C, Schell SL, Fasnacht MJ, Chodisetti SB, Rahman ZS. Crucial role of Mer tyrosine kinase in the maintenance of SIGN-R1 + marginal zone macrophages. Immunol Cell Biol 2018; 96:298-315. [PMID: 29345385 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mer Tyrosine Kinase receptor (Mer) is involved in anti-inflammatory efferocytosis. Here we report elevated spontaneous germinal center (Spt-GC) responses in Mer-deficient mice (Mer-/- ) that are associated with the loss of SIGN-R1+ marginal zone macrophages (MZMs). The dissipation of MZMs in Mer-/- mice occurs independently of reduced cellularity or delocalization of marginal zone B cells, sinusoidal cells or of CD169+ metallophillic macrophages. We find that MZM dissipation in Mer-/- mice contributes to apoptotic cell (AC) accumulation in Spt-GCs and dysregulation of the GC checkpoint, allowing an expansion of DNA-reactive B cells in GCs. We further observe that bone marrow derived macrophages from Mer-/- mice produce more TNFα, and are susceptible to cell death upon exposure to ACs compared to WT macrophages. Anti-TNFα Ab treatment of Mer-/- mice is, however, unable to reverse MZM loss, but results in reduced Spt-GC responses, indicating that TNFα promotes Spt-GC responses in Mer-/- mice. Contrary to an anti-TNFα Ab treatment, treatment of Mer-/- mice with a synthetic agonist for the transcription factor LXRα rescues a significant number of MZMs in vivo. Our data suggest that Mer-LXRα signaling plays an important role in the differentiation and maintenance of MZMs, which in turn regulate Spt-GC responses and tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetna Soni
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Stephanie L Schell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Melinda J Fasnacht
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Sathi Babu Chodisetti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Ziaur Sm Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
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17
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Rai PK, Chodisetti SB, Zeng W, Nadeem S, Maurya SK, Pahari S, Janmeja AK, Jackson DC, Agrewala JN. A lipidated peptide of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resuscitates the protective efficacy of BCG vaccine by evoking memory T cell immunity. J Transl Med 2017; 15:201. [PMID: 28985739 PMCID: PMC6389088 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1301-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current BCG vaccine induces only short-term protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), suggesting its failure to generate long-lasting memory T cells. Previously, we have demonstrated that a self-adjuvanting peptide of Mtb (L91), successfully generated enduring memory Th1 cells. Consequently, we investigated if L91 was able to recuperate BCG potency in perpetuating the generation of memory T cells and protection against Mtb infected mice. METHODS In the present study, we evaluated the potency of a self adjuvanting Mtb peptide vaccine L91 in invigorating BCG immune response against Mtb in mice. Female BALB/c mice were immunized with BCG. Later, they were boosted twice with L91 or an antigenically irrelevant lipidated influenza virus hemagglutinin peptide (LH). Further, PBMCs obtained from BCG vaccinated healthy subjects were cultured in vitro with L91. T cell responses were determined by surface markers and intracellular cytokine staining. Secretion of cytokines was estimated in the culture supernatants (SNs) by ELISA. RESULTS Compared to the BCG-vaccinated controls, L91 booster significantly enhanced the percentage of memory Th1 cells and Th17 cells and reduced the mycobacterial burden in BCG primed and L91-boosted (BCG-L91) group, even after 229 days of BCG vaccination. Further, substantial augmentation in the central (CD44hiCD62LhiCD127hi) and effector memory (CD44hiCD62LloCD127lo) CD4 T cells was detected. Furthermore, greater frequency of polyfunctional Th1 cells (IFN-γ+TNF-α+) and Th17 cells (IFN-γ+IL-17A+) was observed. Importantly, BCG-L91 successfully prevented CD4 T cells from exhaustion by decreasing the expression of PD-1 and Tim-3. Additionally, augmentation in the frequency of Th1 cells, Th17 cells and memory CD4 T cells was observed in the PBMCs of the BCG-vaccinated healthy individuals following in vitro stimulation with L91. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that L91 robustly reinvigorate BCG potency to invoke enduring protection against Mtb. This novel vaccination stratagem involving BCG-priming followed by L91-boosting can be a future prophylactic measure to control TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep K Rai
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sathi Babu Chodisetti
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Weiguang Zeng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Sajid Nadeem
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Susanta Pahari
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashok K Janmeja
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - David C Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
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18
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Kujur W, Gurram RK, Maurya SK, Nadeem S, Chodisetti SB, Khan N, Agrewala JN. Caerulomycin A suppresses the differentiation of naïve T cells and alleviates the symptoms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Autoimmunity 2017; 50:317-328. [PMID: 28686480 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2017.1332185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a highly detrimental autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. There is no cure for it but the treatment typically focuses on subsiding severity and recurrence of the disease. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model of MS. It is characterized by frequent relapses due to the generation of memory T cells. Caerulomycin A (CaeA) is known to suppress the Th1 cells, Th2 cells, and Th17 cells. Interestingly, it enhances the generation of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Th1 cells and Th17 cells are known to aggravate EAE, whereas Tregs suppress the disease symptoms. Consequently, in the current study we evaluated the influence of CaeA on EAE. Intriguingly, we observed by whole body imaging that CaeA regressed the clinical symptoms of EAE. Further, there was reduction in the pool of Th1 cells, Th17 cells, and CD8 T cells. The mechanism involved in suppressing the EAE symptoms was due to the inhibition in the generation of effector and central memory T cells and induction of the expansion of Tregs. In essence, these findings implicate that CaeA may be considered as a potent future immunosuppressive drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weshely Kujur
- a Immunology Laboratory , CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology , Chandigarh , India
| | - Rama Krishna Gurram
- a Immunology Laboratory , CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology , Chandigarh , India.,b National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Sudeep K Maurya
- a Immunology Laboratory , CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology , Chandigarh , India
| | - Sajid Nadeem
- a Immunology Laboratory , CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology , Chandigarh , India
| | - Sathi Babu Chodisetti
- a Immunology Laboratory , CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology , Chandigarh , India.,c Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey , PA , USA
| | - Nargis Khan
- a Immunology Laboratory , CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology , Chandigarh , India.,d Department of Medicine , McGill University , Montreal , QC , Canada
| | - Javed Naim Agrewala
- a Immunology Laboratory , CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology , Chandigarh , India
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Chodisetti SB, Domeier PP, Soni C, Schell SL, Fasnacht MJ, Rahman ZS. Reciprocal regulation of germinal center and regulatory B cell responses by IFNγ receptor-STAT1 signaling in TLR7 mediated autoimmunity. The Journal of Immunology 2017. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.217.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Toll like receptor 7 (TLR7) plays a critical role in systemic autoimmunity. The mechanisms that fine-tune germinal center versus regulatory B cell response in TLR7 mediated autoimmunity remain unclear. Regulatory B cells that produce IL-10 (B10 cells) negatively regulate autoimmunity and infections. We report that TLR7 deficiency in non-autoimmune B6 and autoimmune prone B6.Sle1b mice showed increased IL-10 producing B10 cells. In contrast, B6.Yaa and B6.Sle1b.Yaa mice expressing an extra copy of TLR7 in the Yaa locus showed decreased percentage of B10 cells. TLR7 deficiency in B cells inhibited whereas an extra copy of TLR7 enhanced proliferation and cytokine expression of cocultured antigen specific CD4 T cells. Interestingly, B10 cells displayed highest IFNγR expression compared to other subsets of T and B cells. Whereas B6.Sle1b.Yaa mice lacked B10 cells and marginal zone compartment (MZ), B6.Sle1b.Yaa mice deficient in IFNγR (B6.Sle1b.Yaa/IFNγR−/−) restored these populations. Further, B6.Sle1b.Yaa/IFNγR−/− mice showed diminished spontaneous germinal center (Spt-GC) and serum autoantibody responses, and renal pathology compared to B6.Sle1b.Yaa control mice. Similar results were observed when B6.Sle1b and B6.Sle1b.IFNγR−/− mice were treated with TLR7 ligand, imiquimod. B10 and GC B cells exhibited higher STAT1 and T-bet expression than follicular B cells. Mice deficient in STAT1 and T-bet had significantly reduced GC and IgG2c Ab responses while retained intact B10 and MZ compartments upon imiquimod treatment, contrary to what was observed in wild type mice. Together, these data define the critical differential role of IFNγR, STAT1, and T-bet in GC B cell and B10 cell development in TLR7 mediated autoimmunity.
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Domeier PP, Chodisetti SB, Soni C, Schell SL, Fasnacht MJ, Imamura Y, Salzberg A, Rahman Z. Model specific role of B cell-intrinsic IFNαR signaling in promoting spontaneous germinal centers and autoimmunity. The Journal of Immunology 2017. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.201.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), germinal centers can form spontaneously (Spt-GCs) in the absence of foreign antigen and drive high-affinity autoantibody (autoAb) production. Overexpression of Type 1 interferon (IFNα) accelerates autoimmunity and alters B cell selection in certain SLE mouse models, but in another model, B cell intrinsic IFNαR signaling is shown to be dispensable for autoimmune GC response and autoimmunity. Using B6.Sle1b autoimmune mice derived from the NZM2410 SLE mouse model, we show here that IFNαR signaling is not required for Spt-GC formation but is important for elevated Spt-GC response and autoreactive B cell selection into AFCs. IFNα receptor1 deficient B6.Sle1b mice (B6.Sle1b.IFNαR1−/−) have lower Spt-GC and Tfh responses, reduced CD86 expression on B cells and diminished autoAb titers as compared to B6.Sle1b mice. We also observe lower Ca2+ flux in B cells deficient in IFNα receptor compared to control B cells upon BCR cross-linking in vitro. Consistently, we find that B cell-intrinsic IFNαR signaling promotes differentiation of Sle1b-expressing DNA-reactive B cells into GC B cells. RNA sequencing studies show that B6.Sle1b and B6.Sle1b.IFNαR1−/− GC B cells have distinct transcriptional profiles that are associated with proliferation, cell survival, and antigen presentation pathways. Compared to B6.Sle1b control, B6.Sle1b.IFNαR1−/− B cells fail to form stable conjugates with T cells in vitro and GC B cells express reduced levels of ICOS-ligand in vivo, suggesting B6.Sle1b.IFNαR1−/− B cells may not acquire adequate T cell help. These data reveal novel information about the model specific role of B cell-intrinsic IFNαR signaling in the regulation of Spt-GCs and autoimmunity.
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Domeier PP, Chodisetti SB, Soni C, Schell SL, Elias MJ, Wong EB, Cooper TK, Kitamura D, Rahman ZSM. IFN-γ receptor and STAT1 signaling in B cells are central to spontaneous germinal center formation and autoimmunity. J Exp Med 2016; 213:715-32. [PMID: 27069112 PMCID: PMC4854731 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20151722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneously developed germinal centers (GCs [Spt-GCs]) harbor autoreactive B cells that generate somatically mutated and class-switched pathogenic autoantibodies (auto-Abs) to promote autoimmunity. However, the mechanisms that regulate Spt-GC development are not clear. In this study, we report that B cell-intrinsic IFN-γ receptor (IFN-γR) and STAT1 signaling are required for Spt-GC and follicular T helper cell (Tfh cell) development. We further demonstrate that IFN-γR and STAT1 signaling control Spt-GC and Tfh cell formation by driving T-bet expression and IFN-γ production by B cells. Global or B cell-specific IFN-γR deficiency in autoimmune B6.Sle1b mice leads to significantly reduced Spt-GC and Tfh cell responses, resulting in diminished antinuclear Ab reactivity and IgG2c and IgG2b auto-Ab titers compared with B6.Sle1b mice. Additionally, we observed that the proliferation and differentiation of DNA-reactive B cells into a GC B cell phenotype require B cell-intrinsic IFN-γR signaling, suggesting that IFN-γR signaling regulates GC B cell tolerance to nuclear self-antigens. The IFN-γR deficiency, however, does not affect GC, Tfh cell, or Ab responses against T cell-dependent foreign antigens, indicating that IFN-γR signaling regulates autoimmune, but not the foreign antigen-driven, GC and Tfh cell responses. Together, our data define a novel B cell-intrinsic IFN-γR signaling pathway specific to Spt-GC development and autoimmunity. This novel pathway can be targeted for future pharmacological intervention to treat systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip P Domeier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Sathi Babu Chodisetti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Chetna Soni
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Stephanie L Schell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Melinda J Elias
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Eric B Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Timothy K Cooper
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Daisuke Kitamura
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 162 0825 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ziaur S M Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
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Domeier PP, Chodisetti SB, Soni C, Schell SL, Elias MJ, Kitamura D, Rahman Z. Interferon-γ receptor and STAT1 signaling in B cells are central to spontaneous germinal center formation and autoimmunity. The Journal of Immunology 2016. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.47.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), spontaneously developed germinal centers (Spt-GCs) harbor AutoAb-producing B cells that promote disease, but the mechanisms that control Spt-GC development are not clear. Here we report that B cell-intrinsic IFNγR and STAT1 signaling are essential for Spt-GC formation. The IFNγR deficiency, however, does not significantly affect foreign Ag-induced GC and Tfh responses, suggesting that two distinct mechanisms regulate foreign-Ag vs Spt-GC responses. We also demonstrate that IFNγR-mediated STAT1 signaling drives T-bet expression, pro-GC gene expression and IFNγ production by B cells, which are critical for Spt-GC and Tfh development. To understand how IFNγ signaling regulates the Spt-GC response and associated AutoAb production in SLE, we utilized B6.Sle1b mice that harbor the lupus-prone NZM2410 strain-derived SLAM locus. B6.Sle1b mice exhibit elevated Spt-GC and follicular helper T cell (Tfh) responses that associate with impaired B cell selection in GCs. B6.Sle1b mice with B cell intrinsic IFNγR deficiency have significantly reduced Spt-GC and Tfh responses resulting in a markedly lower number of IgG-producing antibody forming cells and diminished IgG2c and IgG2b autoantibody titers compared to B6.Sle1b mice. Additionally, the proliferation and differentiation of DNA-reactive B cells into a GC B cell phenotype require B cell-intrinsic IFNγR signaling. Together, our data define a novel B cell-intrinsic IFNγR signaling pathway in Spt-GC development and autoimmunity.
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Rai PK, Chodisetti SB, Nadeem S, Maurya SK, Gowthaman U, Zeng W, Janmeja AK, Jackson DC, Agrewala JN. A novel therapeutic strategy of lipidated promiscuous peptide against Mycobacterium tuberculosis by eliciting Th1 and Th17 immunity of host. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23917. [PMID: 27052185 PMCID: PMC4823727 DOI: 10.1038/srep23917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regardless of the fact that potent drug-regimen is currently available, tuberculosis continues to kill 1.5 million people annually. Tuberculosis patients are not only inflicted by the trauma of disease but they also suffer from the harmful side-effects, immune suppression and drug resistance instigated by prolonged therapy. It is an exigency to introduce radical changes in the existing drug-regime and discover safer and better therapeutic measures. Hence, we designed a novel therapeutic strategy by reinforcing the efficacy of drugs to kill Mtb by concurrently boosting host immunity by L91. L91 is chimera of promiscuous epitope of Acr1 antigen of Mtb and TLR-2 agonist Pam2Cys. The adjunct therapy using drugs and L91 (D-L91) significantly declined the bacterial load in Mtb infected animals. The mechanism involved was through enhancement of IFN-γ+TNF-α+ polyfunctional Th1 cells and IL-17A+IFN-γ+ Th17 cells, enduring memory CD4 T cells and downregulation of PD-1. The down-regulation of PD-1 prevents CD4 T cells from undergoing exhaustion and improves their function against Mtb. Importantly, the immune response observed in animals could be replicated using T cells of tuberculosis patients on drug therapy. In future, D-L91 therapy can invigorate drugs potency to treat tuberculosis patients and reduce the dose and duration of drug-regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep K Rai
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Sajid Nadeem
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | - Weiguang Zeng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ashok K Janmeja
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - David C Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
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Sebastian Samuel J, Kumar D, Chodisetti SB, Agrewala JN, Singh B, Guptasarma P, Sarkar D. Probing protease sensitivity of recombinant human erythropoietin reveals α3-α4 inter-helical loop as a stability determinant. Proteins 2015. [PMID: 26214268 DOI: 10.1002/prot.24865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Although unglycosylated HuEpo is fully functional, it has very short serum half-life. However, the mechanism of in vivo clearance of human Epo (HuEpo) remains largely unknown. In this study, the relative importance of protease-sensitive sites of recombinant HuEpo (rHuEpo) has been investigated by analysis of structural data coupled with in vivo half-life measurements. Our results identify α3-α4 inter-helical loop region as a target site of lysosomal protease Cathepsin L. Consistent with previously-reported lysosomal degradation of HuEpo, these results for the first time identify cleavage sites of rHuEpo by specific lysosomal proteases. Furthermore, in agreement with the lowered exposure of the peptide backbone around the cleavage site, remarkably substitutions of residues with bulkier amino acids result in significantly improved in vivo stability. Together, these results have implications for the mechanism of in vivo clearance of the protein in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deepak Kumar
- CSIR- Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector-39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | | | - Javed N Agrewala
- CSIR- Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector-39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Balvinder Singh
- CSIR- Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector-39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Purnananda Guptasarma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research (IISER) Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Dibyendu Sarkar
- CSIR- Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector-39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
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25
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Wong EB, Soni C, Chan AY, Domeier PP, Shwetank, Abraham T, Limaye N, Khan TN, Elias MJ, Chodisetti SB, Wakeland EK, Rahman ZSM. B cell-intrinsic CD84 and Ly108 maintain germinal center B cell tolerance. J Immunol 2015; 194:4130-43. [PMID: 25801429 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1403023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Signaling lymphocyte activation molecules (SLAMs) play an integral role in immune regulation. Polymorphisms in the SLAM family receptors are implicated in human and mouse model of lupus disease. The lupus-associated, somatically mutated, and class-switched pathogenic autoantibodies are generated in spontaneously developed germinal centers (GCs) in secondary lymphoid organs. The role and mechanism of B cell-intrinsic expression of polymorphic SLAM receptors that affect B cell tolerance at the GC checkpoint are not clear. In this study, we generated several bacterial artificial chromosome-transgenic mice that overexpress C57BL/6 (B6) alleles of different SLAM family genes on an autoimmune-prone B6.Sle1b background. B6.Sle1b mice overexpressing B6-derived Ly108 and CD84 exhibit a significant reduction in the spontaneously developed GC response and autoantibody production compared with B6.Sle1b mice. These data suggest a prominent role for Sle1b-derived Ly108 and CD84 in altering the GC checkpoint. We further confirm that expression of lupus-associated CD84 and Ly108 specifically on GC B cells in B6.Sle1b mice is sufficient to break B cell tolerance, leading to an increase in autoantibody production. In addition, we observe that B6.Sle1b B cells have reduced BCR signaling and a lower frequency of B cell-T cell conjugates; the reverse is seen in B6.Sle1b mice overexpressing B6 alleles of CD84 and Ly108. Finally, we find a significant decrease in apoptotic GC B cells in B6.Sle1b mice compared with B6 controls. Our study establishes a central role for GC B cell-specific CD84 and Ly108 expression in maintaining B cell tolerance in GCs and in preventing autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric B Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Chetna Soni
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Alice Y Chan
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390; and
| | - Phillip P Domeier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Shwetank
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Thomas Abraham
- Department of Research Resources, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Nisha Limaye
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390; and
| | - Tahsin N Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Melinda J Elias
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Sathi Babu Chodisetti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Edward K Wakeland
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390; and
| | - Ziaur S M Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033;
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Chodisetti SB, Gowthaman U, Rai PK, Vidyarthi A, Khan N, Agrewala JN. Triggering through Toll-like receptor 2 limits chronically stimulated T-helper type 1 cells from undergoing exhaustion. J Infect Dis 2014; 211:486-96. [PMID: 25156558 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic infections result in T-cell exhaustion, a state of functional unresponsiveness. To control the infection, it is important to salvage the exhausted T cells. In this study, we delivered signals through Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2) to reinvigorate functionality in chronically activated T-helper type 1 (Th1) cells. This process significantly augmented the expression of T-bet, interferon γ, interleukin 2, and the antiapoptotic molecule Bcl-2, whereas it dampened the display of the exhaustion markers programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) and lymphocyte activation gene 3 (Lag-3). Additionally, TLR-2 signaling bolstered the ability of chronically stimulated Th1 cells to activate B cells. Finally, the results were substantiated by observing reduced lung pathology upon administration of TLR-2 agonist in the chronic infection model of tuberculosis. These data demonstrated the importance of TLR-2 in rescuing chronically activated Th1 cells from undergoing exhaustion. This study will pave a way for targeting TLR-2 in developing therapeutic strategies to treat chronic diseases involving loss of Th1 cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathi Babu Chodisetti
- Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Uthaman Gowthaman
- Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pradeep K Rai
- Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Aurobind Vidyarthi
- Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nargis Khan
- Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Javed N Agrewala
- Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh, India
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Mushtaq K, Chodisetti SB, Rai PK, Maurya SK, Amir M, Sheikh JA, Agrewala JN. Decision-making critical amino acids: role in designing peptide vaccines for eliciting Th1 and Th2 immune response. Amino Acids 2014; 46:1265-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1692-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Arya S, Sethi D, Singh S, Hade MD, Singh V, Raju P, Chodisetti SB, Verma D, Varshney GC, Agrewala JN, Dikshit KL. Truncated hemoglobin, HbN, is post-translationally modified in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and modulates host-pathogen interactions during intracellular infection. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:29987-99. [PMID: 23983123 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.507301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a phenomenally successful human pathogen having evolved mechanisms that allow it to survive within the hazardous environment of macrophages and establish long term, persistent infection in the host against the control of cell-mediated immunity. One such mechanism is mediated by the truncated hemoglobin, HbN, of Mtb that displays a potent O2-dependent nitric oxide dioxygenase activity and protects its host from the toxicity of macrophage-generated nitric oxide (NO). Here we demonstrate for the first time that HbN is post-translationally modified by glycosylation in Mtb and remains localized on the cell membrane and the cell wall. The glycan linkage in the HbN was identified as mannose. The elevated expression of HbN in Mtb and M. smegmatis facilitated their entry within the macrophages as compared with isogenic control cells, and mutation in the glycan linkage of HbN disrupted this effect. Additionally, HbN-expressing cells exhibited higher survival within the THP-1 and mouse peritoneal macrophages, simultaneously increasing the intracellular level of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α and suppressing the expression of co-stimulatory surface markers CD80 and CD86. These results, thus, suggest the involvement of HbN in modulating the host-pathogen interactions and immune system of the host apart from protecting the bacilli from nitrosative stress inside the activated macrophages, consequently driving cells toward increased infectivity and intracellular survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Arya
- From the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh 160036, India
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Chodisetti SB, Jain S, Agrewala J. Cooperation of CD86 signaling with TLR-2 in the activation of resting B cells: a novel BCR independent pathway of stimulating B cells (P1126). The Journal of Immunology 2013. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.64.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The molecules of adaptive and innate immunity cooperate with each other in inducing effective immune response. It is well established fact that B cells can be activated through BCR mediated signaling. Here, we report an alternative strategy of activating resting B cells (RB cells) through concurrent engagement of CD86 and Toll like receptor-2. Concomitant signaling through CD86 and TLR-2 significantly augmented the longevity and activation profile of RB cells. Further, these cells showed enhanced pinocytosis and receptor mediated endocytosis. Furthermore, these cells secreted high levels of IgM and IgG1 and showed better ratio of surface IgG/IgM. Moreover, this process of activation amplifies the population of marginal zone precursors, which connect innate and adaptive arms of immune response. There was also upregulation of set of genes involved in the B cell activation, proliferation, maturation and endocytosis. The data are well in agreement with the gene expression profiles and insinuates to further decipher the molecular mechanism behind this concurrence. An insight into the detailed mechanism may pave way to design vaccines based on this signaling strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shweta Jain
- 1Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Microbial technology, Chandigarh, India
- 2Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Javed Agrewala
- 1Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Microbial technology, Chandigarh, India
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30
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Jain S, Chodisetti SB, Agrewala JN. Combinatorial signaling through TLR-2 and CD86 augments activation and differentiation of resting B cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54392. [PMID: 23365665 PMCID: PMC3554778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells are an integral component in mounting humoral immune responses and they are also crucial in programming T cell mediated immunity. Usually, B cell activation is initiated by recognition of antigen through B cell receptor (BCR), followed by its processing and presentation to T cells. But very little is known about BCR independent activation of B cells. Now, there is an increasing body of evidence indicating the combinatorial effect of innate and adaptive immune components in modulating the functions of B cells. In this study, we demonstrate the activation of resting B cells (RB) by simultaneous involvement of Toll like Receptor-2 (TLR-2) and costimulatory molecule, CD86. Interestingly, these B cells exhibited significant level of activation and proliferation. Furthermore, this process of activation leads to the differentiation of RB cells, preferably into marginal zone precursors (CD19(+)IgD(hi)IgM(hi)CD21/35(hi)CD23(hi)) in a shorter time window and showed increased secretion of IgG isotype. These RB cells also showed enhanced antigen uptake capacity. These observations were also substantiated by microarray gene expression results, which strengthen the notion that combinatorial signaling through innate and adaptive immune components enhances B cell mediated immune response. Thus, the present study elucidates a novel BCR independent B cell activation mechanism that links TLR-2 and CD86. Hence signaling of TLRs in conjunction with costimulatory molecules will substantially help in bolstering humoral immune response, which can be extrapolated to formulate vaccination strategies for diseases involving B cell-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Jain
- Immunology Laboratory, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sathi Babu Chodisetti
- Immunology Laboratory, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Javed N. Agrewala
- Immunology Laboratory, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
- * E-mail:
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31
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Chodisetti SB, Rai PK, Gowthaman U, Pahari S, Agrewala JN. Potential T cell epitopes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that can instigate molecular mimicry against host: implications in autoimmune pathogenesis. BMC Immunol 2012; 13:13. [PMID: 22435930 PMCID: PMC3359254 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-13-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Molecular mimicry between microbial antigens and host-proteins is one of the etiological enigmas for the occurrence of autoimmune diseases. T cells that recognize cross-reactive epitopes may trigger autoimmune reactions. Intriguingly, autoimmune diseases have been reported to be prevalent in tuberculosis endemic populations. Further, association of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) has been implicated in different autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. Although, in silico analyses have identified a number of M. tuberculosis specific vaccine candidates, the analysis on prospective cross-reactive epitopes, that may elicit autoimmune response, has not been yet attempted. Here, we have employed bioinformatics tools to determine T cell epitopes of homologous antigenic regions between M. tuberculosis and human proteomes. Results Employing bioinformatics tools, we have identified potentially cross-reactive T cell epitopes restricted to predominant class I and II alleles of human leukocyte antigens (HLA). These are similar to peptides of mycobacterial proteins and considerable numbers of them are promiscuous. Some of the identified antigens corroborated with established autoimmune diseases linked with mycobacterial infection. Conclusions The present study reveals many target proteins and their putative T cell epitopes that might have significant application in understanding the molecular basis of possible T cell autoimmune reactions during M. tuberculosis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathi Babu Chodisetti
- Immunology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India
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Gowthaman U, Singh V, Zeng W, Jain S, Siddiqui KF, Chodisetti SB, Gurram RK, Parihar P, Gupta P, Gupta UD, Jackson DC, Agrewala JN. Promiscuous peptide of 16 kDa antigen linked to Pam2Cys protects against Mycobacterium tuberculosis by evoking enduring memory T-cell response. J Infect Dis 2011; 204:1328-38. [PMID: 21933875 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jir548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the main reasons considered for BCG failure in tuberculosis-endemic areas is impediment by environmental mycobacteria in its processing and generation of memory T-cell response. To overcome this problem, we developed a unique lipopeptide (L91) by linking the promiscuous peptide (sequence 91-110) of 16 kDa antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to Pam2Cys. L91 does not require extensive antigen processing and generates enduring Th1 memory response. This is evidenced by the fact that L91 significantly improved the activation, proliferation, and generation of protective T cells. Furthermore, L91 surmounts the barrier of major histocompatibility complex polymorphism and induces better protection than BCG. This peptide has self-adjuvanting properties and activates dendritic cells. Importantly, L91 activates T cells isolated from purified protein derivative-positive healthy volunteers that responded weakly to free peptide (F91). In essence, L91 can be a potent future vaccine candidate against tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uthaman Gowthaman
- Immunology and Cell Biology Division, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
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Jain S, Chodisetti SB, Agrewala JN. CD40 signaling synergizes with TLR-2 in the BCR independent activation of resting B cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20651. [PMID: 21674065 PMCID: PMC3107243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventionally, signaling through BCR initiates sequence of events necessary for activation and differentiation of B cells. We report an alternative approach, independent of BCR, for stimulating resting B (RB) cells, by involving TLR-2 and CD40 - molecules crucial for innate and adaptive immunity. CD40 triggering of TLR-2 stimulated RB cells significantly augments their activation, proliferation and differentiation. It also substantially ameliorates the calcium flux, antigen uptake capacity and ability of B cells to activate T cells. The survival of RB cells was improved and it increases the number of cells expressing activation induced deaminase (AID), signifying class switch recombination (CSR). Further, we also observed increased activation rate and decreased threshold period required for optimum stimulation of RB cells. These results corroborate well with microarray gene expression data. This study provides novel insights into coordination between the molecules of innate and adaptive immunity in activating B cells, in a BCR independent manner. This strategy can be exploited to design vaccines to bolster B cell activation and antigen presenting efficiency, leading to faster and better immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Jain
- Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sathi Babu Chodisetti
- Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Javed N. Agrewala
- Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh, India
- * E-mail: .
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