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Wang Q, Liu J, Zhong Y, Li D, Zhong Y, Ying H, Zhang T. A Fanca knockout mouse model reveals novel Fancd2 function. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 696:149454. [PMID: 38217981 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a genetically and clinically heterogenous inherited disorder. Clinically, Fanca subtype patients exhibited milder phenotypes compared to Fancd2 subtypes. Increasing evidence suggests that Fancd2 perform independent functions, but the detailed mechanisms are not well characterized. In this study, we developed a Fanca KO mice model in C57BL/6 background with ATG region deletion, then performed a detailed FA phenotypes characterization and analysis with Fanca KO mice and Fancd2 KO mice in the same congenic background. We found that both the Fanca KO and Fancd2 KO cause severe FA phenotypes in mice. However, Fanca KO mice exhibited milder FA phenotypes comparing to Fancd2 KO mice. Fanca KO mice showed higher embryonic and postnatal survival rate, less congenital eye defects in early development. At adult stage, Fanca KO mice showed increased HSC number and reconstitution function. Furthermore, we did RNA-seq study and identified differential expression of Dlk1 and Dlk1 pathway genes in Fanca KO and Fancd2 KO embryonic cells and adult HSCs. Finally, we revealed that Fancd2 was expressed and physically interact with Dlk1 in Fanca KO cells. Collectively, our findings suggested that Fancd2 has distinct functions in the absence of Fanca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Experimental Animal Research Center, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Experimental Animal Research Center, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yixinhe Zhong
- Experimental Animal Research Center, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongbo Li
- Experimental Animal Research Center, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yusen Zhong
- Experimental Animal Research Center, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Experimental Animals & Nonclinical Laboratory Studies, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huazhong Ying
- Experimental Animal Research Center, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Experimental Animals & Nonclinical Laboratory Studies, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Experimental Animal Research Center, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Experimental Animals & Nonclinical Laboratory Studies, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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2
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Wu L, Chatla S, Lin Q, Chowdhury FA, Geldenhuys W, Du W. Quinacrine-CASIN combination overcomes chemoresistance in human acute lymphoid leukemia. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6936. [PMID: 34836965 PMCID: PMC8626516 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27300-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance posts a major hurdle for treatment of acute leukemia. There is increasing evidence that prolonged and intensive chemotherapy often fails to eradicate leukemic stem cells, which are protected by the bone marrow niche and can induce relapse. Thus, new therapeutic approaches to overcome chemoresistance are urgently needed. By conducting an ex vivo small molecule screen, here we have identified Quinacrine (QC) as a sensitizer for Cytarabine (AraC) in treating acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We show that QC enhances AraC-mediated killing of ALL cells, and subsequently abrogates AraC resistance both in vitro and in an ALL-xenograft model. However, while combo AraC+QC treatment prolongs the survival of primary transplanted recipients, the combination exhibits limited efficacy in secondary transplanted recipients, consistent with the survival of niche-protected leukemia stem cells. Introduction of Cdc42 Activity Specific Inhibitor, CASIN, enhances the eradication of ALL leukemia stem cells by AraC+QC and prolongs the survival of both primary and secondary transplanted recipients without affecting normal long-term human hematopoiesis. Together, our findings identify a small-molecule regimen that sensitizes AraC-mediated leukemia eradication and provide a potential therapeutic approach for better ALL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Wu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Srinivas Chatla
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Qiqi Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Fabliha Ahmed Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Graduate Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Werner Geldenhuys
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Wei Du
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
- Molecular Pharmacology Graduate Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA.
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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3
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Demerdash Y, Kain B, Essers MAG, King KY. Yin and Yang: The dual effects of interferons on hematopoiesis. Exp Hematol 2021; 96:1-12. [PMID: 33571568 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interferons are an ancient and well-conserved group of inflammatory cytokines most famous for their role in viral immunity. A decade ago, we discovered that interferons also play an important role in the biology of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which are responsible for lifelong blood production. Though we have learned a great deal about the role of interferons on HSC quiescence, differentiation, and self-renewal, there remains some controversy regarding how interferons impact these stem cells, with differing conclusions depending on experimental models and clinical context. Here, we review the contradictory roles of Type 1 and 2 interferons in hematopoiesis. Specifically, we highlight the roles of interferons in embryonic and adult hematopoiesis, along with short-term and long-term adaptive and maladaptive responses to inflammation. We discuss experimental challenges in the study of these powerful yet short-lived cytokines and strategies to address those challenges. We further review the contribution by interferons to disease states including bone marrow failure and aplastic anemia as well as their therapeutic use to treat myeloproliferative neoplasms and viral infections, including SARS-CoV2. Understanding the opposing effects of interferons on hematopoiesis will elucidate immune responses and bone marrow failure syndromes, and future therapeutic approaches for patients undergoing HSC transplantation or fighting infectious diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Demerdash
- Division Inflammatory Stress in Stem Cells, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGMBH), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bailee Kain
- Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Marieke A G Essers
- Division Inflammatory Stress in Stem Cells, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGMBH), Heidelberg, Germany; DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katherine Y King
- Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Diseases and Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
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4
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Wu L, Li X, Lin Q, Chowdhury F, Mazumder MH, Du W. FANCD2 and HES1 suppress inflammation-induced PPARɣ to prevent haematopoietic stem cell exhaustion. Br J Haematol 2021; 192:652-663. [PMID: 33222180 PMCID: PMC7856217 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Fanconi anaemia protein FANCD2 suppresses PPARƔ to maintain haematopoietic stem cell's (HSC) function; however, the underlying mechanism is not known. Here we show that FANCD2 acts in concert with the Notch target HES1 to suppress inflammation-induced PPARƔ in HSC maintenance. Loss of HES1 exacerbates FANCD2-KO HSC defects. However, deletion of HES1 does not cause more severe inflammation-mediated HSC defects in FANCD2-KO mice, indicating that both FANCD2 and HES1 are required for limiting detrimental effects of inflammation on HSCs. Further analysis shows that both FANCD2 and HES1 are required for transcriptional repression of inflammation-activated PPARg promoter. Inflammation orchestrates an overlapping transcriptional programme in HSPCs deficient for FANCD2 and HES1, featuring upregulation of genes in fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and oxidative phosphorylation. Loss of FANCD2 or HES1 augments both basal and inflammation-primed FAO. Targeted inhibition of PPARƔ or the mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT1) reduces FAO and ameliorates HSC defects in inflammation-primed HSPCs deleted for FANCD2 or HES1 or both. Finally, depletion of PPARg or CPT1 restores quiescence in these mutant HSCs under inflammatory stress. Our results suggest that this novel FANCD2/HES1/PPARƔ axis may constitute a key component of immunometabolic regulation, connecting inflammation, cellular metabolism and HSC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University
| | - Qiqi Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University
| | - Fabliha Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University
| | - Md H. Mazumder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University
- Alexander B. Osborn Hematopoietic Malignancy and Transplantation Program, West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Morgantown, WV
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
- Genome Stability Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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5
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Abad E, Samino S, Grodzicki RL, Pagano G, Trifuoggi M, Graifer D, Potesil D, Zdrahal Z, Yanes O, Lyakhovich A. Identification of metabolic changes leading to cancer susceptibility in Fanconi anemia cells. Cancer Lett 2020; 503:185-196. [PMID: 33316348 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a chromosomal instability disorder of bone marrow associated with aplastic anemia, congenital abnormalities and a high risk of malignancies. The identification of more than two dozen FA genes has revealed a plethora of interacting proteins that are mainly involved in repair of DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs). Other important findings associated with FA are inflammation, oxidative stress response, mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy. In this work, we performed quantitative proteomic and metabolomic analyses on defective FA cells and identified a number of metabolic abnormalities associated with cancer. In particular, an increased de novo purine biosynthesis, a high concentration of fumarate, and an accumulation of purinosomal clusters were found. This was in parallel with decreased OXPHOS and altered glycolysis. On the whole, our results indicate an association between the need for nitrogenous bases upon impaired DDR in FA cells with a subsequent increase in purine metabolism and a potential role in oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etna Abad
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Giovanni Pagano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II Naples University, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Trifuoggi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II Naples University, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | | | - David Potesil
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Zdrahal
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Oscar Yanes
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Electronic Engineering, IISPV, Tarragona 43007, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Alex Lyakhovich
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, 630117, Russia; Vall D'Hebron Institut de Recerca, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
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6
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Zipporah E B, Patra B, Govarthanan K, Yadav R, Mohan S, Shyamsunder P, Verma RS. Defective cell proliferation is an attribute of overexpressed Notch1 receptor and impaired autophagy in Fanconi Anemia. Genomics 2020; 112:4628-4639. [PMID: 32800766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Fanconi Anemia (FA) is an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome caused by mutation in FA pathway proteins, involved in Interstrand Cross Link (ICL) repair. FA cells exhibit in vitro proliferation arrest due to accumulated DNA damage, hence understanding the rescue mechanism that renders proliferation advantage is required. Gene expression profiling performed in FA patients Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) revealed a wide array of dysregulated biological processes. Functional enrichment and gene clustering analysis showed crippled autophagy process and escalated Notch signalling pathway in FA clinical samples and cell lines. Notch pathway mediators overexpression were reverted in FANCA mutant cells when treated with Rapamycin, an autophagy inducer. Additionally, Rapamycin stabilized cell viability after treatment with the DNA damaging agent, MitomycinC (MMC) and enhanced cell proliferation genes expression in FANCA mutant cells. Inherently FANCA mutant cells express impaired autophagy; thus activation of autophagy channelizes Notch signalling cascade and sustains cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binita Zipporah E
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Bamadeb Patra
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Kavitha Govarthanan
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Rajesh Yadav
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sheila Mohan
- Apollo Speciality hospital, 320 Padma complex, Anna Salai, Chennai 600 035, India; Registry for Fanconi Anemia in India (REFAIN), India
| | - Pavithra Shyamsunder
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Rama Shanker Verma
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamilnadu, India.
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7
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Gulati GS, Zukowska M, Noh JJ, Zhang A, Wesche DJ, Sinha R, George BM, Weissman IL, Szade K. Neogenin-1 distinguishes between myeloid-biased and balanced Hoxb5+ mouse long-term hematopoietic stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:25115-25125. [PMID: 31754028 PMCID: PMC6911217 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1911024116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) self-renew and generate all blood cells. Recent studies with single cell transplants and lineage tracing suggest that adult HSCs are diverse in their reconstitution and lineage potentials. However, prospective isolation of these subpopulations has remained challenging. Here, we identify Neogenin-1 (NEO1) as a unique surface marker on a fraction of mouse HSCs labeled with Hoxb5, a specific reporter of long-term HSCs (LT-HSCs). We show that NEO1+Hoxb5+ LT-HSCs expand with age and respond to myeloablative stress in young mice while NEO1-Hoxb5+ LT-HSCs exhibit no significant change in number. Furthermore, NEO1+Hoxb5+ LT-HSCs are more often in the G2/S cell cycle phase compared to NEO1-Hoxb5+ LT-HSCs in both young and old bone marrow. Upon serial transplantation, NEO1+Hoxb5+ LT-HSCs exhibit myeloid-biased differentiation and reduced reconstitution while NEO1-Hoxb5+ LT-HSCs are lineage-balanced and stably reconstitute recipients. Gene expression analysis reveals erythroid and myeloid priming in the NEO1+ fraction and association of quiescence and self-renewal-related transcription factors with NEO1- LT-HSCs. Finally, transplanted NEO1+Hoxb5+ LT-HSCs rarely generate NEO1-Hoxb5+ LT-HSCs while NEO1-Hoxb5+ LT-HSCs repopulate both LT-HSC fractions. This supports a model in which dormant, balanced NEO1-Hoxb5+ LT-HSCs can hierarchically precede active, myeloid-biased NEO1+Hoxb5+ LT-HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunsagar S Gulati
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Monika Zukowska
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joseph J Noh
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Allison Zhang
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Daniel J Wesche
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Rahul Sinha
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Benson M George
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Irving L Weissman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305;
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Krzysztof Szade
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305;
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
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8
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Chatla S, Du W, Wilson AF, Meetei AR, Pang Q. Fancd2-deficient hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells depend on augmented mitochondrial translation for survival and proliferation. Stem Cell Res 2019; 40:101550. [PMID: 31472450 PMCID: PMC6907690 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2019.101550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the Fanconi anemia (FA) protein family are involved in multiple cellular processes including response to DNA damage and oxidative stress. Here we show that a major FA protein, Fancd2, plays a role in mitochondrial biosynthesis through regulation of mitochondrial translation. Fancd2 interacts with Atad3 and Tufm, which are among the most frequently identified components of the mitochondrial nucleoid complex essential for mitochondrion biosynthesis. Deletion of Fancd2 in mouse hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) leads to increase in mitochondrial number, and enzyme activity of mitochondrion-encoded respiratory complexes. Fancd2 deficiency increases mitochondrial protein synthesis and induces mitonuclear protein imbalance. Furthermore, Fancd2-deficient HSPCs show increased mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. By using a cell-free assay with mitochondria isolated from WT and Fancd2-KO HSPCs, we demonstrate that the increased mitochondrial protein synthesis observed in Fancd2-KO HSPCs was directly linked to augmented mitochondrial translation. Finally, Fancd2-deficient HSPCs are selectively sensitive to mitochondrial translation inhibition and depend on augmented mitochondrial translation for survival and proliferation. Collectively, these results suggest that Fancd2 restricts mitochondrial activity through regulation of mitochondrial translation, and that augmented mitochondrial translation and mitochondrial respiration may contribute to HSC defect and bone marrow failure in FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Chatla
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States of America.
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States of America.
| | - Andrew F Wilson
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States of America.
| | - Amom Ruhikanta Meetei
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States of America.
| | - Qishen Pang
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States of America.
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9
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Li Y, Li X, Cole A, McLaughlin S, Du W. Icariin improves Fanconi anemia hematopoietic stem cell function through SIRT6-mediated NF-kappa B inhibition. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:367-376. [PMID: 29355456 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1426413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Icariin (ICA) is a flavonoid glucoside derived from the Epimedium plant genus, which has potent regenerative properties and is used in western medicine to treat impotence. Recently, ICA has generated great interest in improving hepatic stellate cell function and cardiac rejuvenation. However, how this natural component functions in hematopoiesis remains unexplored. Here we have examined the role of ICA on hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) using the cancer-prone disease model of Fanconi anemia (FA), an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome with extremely high risk of leukemic predisposition. We show that ICA reverses the less quiescent status of HSCs deficient for the Fanca or Fancd2 gene, and improves the ability of these mutant stem cells to form colony formation units (CFU) in vitro and reconstitutes hematopoiesis in transplanted recipients. Further analysis reveals that ICA upregulates enzyme activity of the chromatin binding protein SIRT6 in Fanca-/- and Fancd2-/- HSCs, both of which have an intrinsic low SIRT6 activity. Furthermore, forced expression of SIRT6 blocks the natural decline of quiescent HSCs in Fanca-/- or Fancd2-/- mice and improves the repopulating capacity of these mutant HSCs in irradiated recipients. Mechanistically, ICA enhances SIRT6-mediated H3K9 deacetylation on the promoter of NF-κB and represses the expression of NF-κB target genes. Together, our findings indicate that ICA improves the function of HSCs by stimulating SIRT6 activity and contributes to the regenerative effect of ICA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Li
- a Institue for Brain Research and Rehabilitation , South China Normal University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xue Li
- a Institue for Brain Research and Rehabilitation , South China Normal University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Allison Cole
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , West Virginia University School of Pharmacy , Morgantown , WV 26506
| | - Sarah McLaughlin
- c Animal Models and Imaging Facility , West Virginia University , Morgantown , WV 26506
| | - Wei Du
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , West Virginia University School of Pharmacy , Morgantown , WV 26506.,d Alexander B. Osborn Hematopoietic Malignancy and Transplantation Program , West Virginia University Cancer Institute , Morgantown , WV 26506
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10
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Carrero D, Soria-Valles C, López-Otín C. Hallmarks of progeroid syndromes: lessons from mice and reprogrammed cells. Dis Model Mech 2017; 9:719-35. [PMID: 27482812 PMCID: PMC4958309 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.024711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is a process that inevitably affects most living organisms and involves the accumulation of macromolecular damage, genomic instability and loss of heterochromatin. Together, these alterations lead to a decline in stem cell function and to a reduced capability to regenerate tissue. In recent years, several genetic pathways and biochemical mechanisms that contribute to physiological ageing have been described, but further research is needed to better characterize this complex biological process. Because premature ageing (progeroid) syndromes, including progeria, mimic many of the characteristics of human ageing, research into these conditions has proven to be very useful not only to identify the underlying causal mechanisms and identify treatments for these pathologies, but also for the study of physiological ageing. In this Review, we summarize the main cellular and animal models used in progeria research, with an emphasis on patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell models, and define a series of molecular and cellular hallmarks that characterize progeroid syndromes and parallel physiological ageing. Finally, we describe the therapeutic strategies being investigated for the treatment of progeroid syndromes, and their main limitations. Summary: This Review defines the molecular and cellular hallmarks of progeroid syndromes according to the main cellular and animal models, and discusses the therapeutic strategies developed to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dido Carrero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
| | - Clara Soria-Valles
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
| | - Carlos López-Otín
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
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11
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Battelino N, Writzl K, Bratanič N, Irving MD, Novljan G. End-Stage Renal Disease in an Infant With Hajdu-Cheney Syndrome. Ther Apher Dial 2017; 20:318-21. [PMID: 27312922 DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.12444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hajdu-Cheney syndrome (HJCYS) is a rare, autosomal dominant, skeletal disorder caused by mutations in the NOTCH2 signaling pathway for which genetic testing has recently become available. Renal abnormalities are associated in at least 10% of cases. We present an 8-year-old Caucasian boy, born with multiple dysmorphic features consistent with HJCYS. Imaging of the urinary tract revealed bilateral cystic dysplastic kidneys with associated vesicoureteral reflux. Renal function has been impaired since birth and deteriorated progressively to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) by the age of two and a half years, when peritoneal dialysis was initiated and only recently renal transplantation was performed. Additional congenital abnormalities and multisystem involvement in HJCYS further complicated management, and he developed refractory anemia. Molecular diagnosis was confirmed by identification of a truncating mutation in exon 34 of NOTCH2. Although, renal abnormalities are considered an integral part of the HJCYS, published reports on ESRD are scarce. In those few published cases, where ESRD was recognized, renal failure developed either in late adolescence or adulthood. This is the first report of early ESRD occurring in a child. Patients with HJCYS may need chronic renal replacement therapy even in early childhood. The management of these children can be challenging given the multisystemic manifestations of HJCYS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Battelino
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Karin Writzl
- Institutes of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nevenka Bratanič
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Melita D Irving
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London School of Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Gregor Novljan
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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12
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Caravia XM, Roiz-Valle D, Morán-Álvarez A, López-Otín C. Functional relevance of miRNAs in premature ageing. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 168:10-19. [PMID: 28502819 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is a complex biological process characterized by the progressive loss of biological fitness due to the accumulation of macromolecular and cellular damage that affects most living organisms. Moreover, ageing is an important risk factor for many pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, and cancer. However, the ageing rate can be modulated by genetic, nutritional, and pharmacological factors, highlighting the concept of "ageing plasticity". Progeroid syndromes are a group of rare genetic diseases that resemble many characteristics of physiological ageing. Accordingly, studies on these diseases have been very useful for gaining mechanistic insights in ageing biology. In recent years, a great effort has been made in ageing research and several works have confirmed that geromiRs, the growing subgroup of miRNAs implicated in ageing, are able to modulate organismal lifespan. However, very little is still known about the impact of miRNA in premature ageing. In this review, we will address the functional relevance of this class of small non-coding RNAs in the regulation of the hallmarks of progeroid syndromes. In addition, we will discuss the potential strategies for managing progeria based on geromiR modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xurde M Caravia
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - David Roiz-Valle
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alba Morán-Álvarez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carlos López-Otín
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Spain.
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13
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Rps14 haploinsufficiency causes a block in erythroid differentiation mediated by S100A8 and S100A9. Nat Med 2016; 22:288-97. [PMID: 26878232 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Impaired erythropoiesis in the deletion 5q (del(5q)) subtype of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) has been linked to heterozygous deletion of RPS14, which encodes the ribosomal protein small subunit 14. We generated mice with conditional inactivation of Rps14 and demonstrated an erythroid differentiation defect that is dependent on the tumor suppressor protein p53 (encoded by Trp53 in mice) and is characterized by apoptosis at the transition from polychromatic to orthochromatic erythroblasts. This defect resulted in age-dependent progressive anemia, megakaryocyte dysplasia and loss of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) quiescence. As assessed by quantitative proteomics, mutant erythroblasts expressed higher levels of proteins involved in innate immune signaling, notably the heterodimeric S100 calcium-binding proteins S100a8 and S100a9. S100a8--whose expression was increased in mutant erythroblasts, monocytes and macrophages--is functionally involved in the erythroid defect caused by the Rps14 deletion, as addition of recombinant S100a8 was sufficient to induce a differentiation defect in wild-type erythroid cells, and genetic inactivation of S100a8 expression rescued the erythroid differentiation defect of Rps14-haploinsufficient HSCs. Our data link Rps14 haploinsufficiency in del(5q) MDS to activation of the innate immune system and induction of S100A8-S100A9 expression, leading to a p53-dependent erythroid differentiation defect.
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14
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Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a genetic disorder associated with bone marrow (BM) failure and leukemia. Recent studies demonstrate variable immune defects in FA. However, the cause for FA immunodeficiency is unknown. Here we report that deletion of Fanca or Fancd2 dysregulates the suppressive activity of regulatory T cells (Tregs), shown functionally as exacerbation of graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) in mice. Recipient mice of Fanca(-/-) or Fancd2(-/-) BM chimeras exhibited severe acute GVHD after allogeneic BM transplantation (BMT). T cells from Fanca(-/-) or Fancd2(-/-) mice induced higher GVHD lethality than those from wild-type (WT) littermates. FA Tregs possessed lower proliferative suppression potential compared with WT Tregs, as demonstrated by in vitro proliferation assay and BMT. Analysis of CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs indicated that loss of Fanca or Fancd2 dysregulated Foxp3 target gene expression. Additionally, CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs of Fanca(-/-) or Fancd2(-/-) mice were less efficient in suppressing the production of GVHD-associated inflammatory cytokines. Consistently, aberrant NF-κB activity was observed in infiltrated T cells from FA GVHD mice. Conditional deletion of p65 in FA Tregs decreased GVHD mortality. Our study uncovers an essential role for FA proteins in maintaining Treg homeostasis, possibly explaining, at least in part, the immune deficiency reported in some FA patients.
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15
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Csermely P, Hódsági J, Korcsmáros T, Módos D, Perez-Lopez ÁR, Szalay K, Veres DV, Lenti K, Wu LY, Zhang XS. Cancer stem cells display extremely large evolvability: alternating plastic and rigid networks as a potential Mechanism: network models, novel therapeutic target strategies, and the contributions of hypoxia, inflammation and cellular senescence. Semin Cancer Biol 2014; 30:42-51. [PMID: 24412105 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is increasingly perceived as a systems-level, network phenomenon. The major trend of malignant transformation can be described as a two-phase process, where an initial increase of network plasticity is followed by a decrease of plasticity at late stages of tumor development. The fluctuating intensity of stress factors, like hypoxia, inflammation and the either cooperative or hostile interactions of tumor inter-cellular networks, all increase the adaptation potential of cancer cells. This may lead to the bypass of cellular senescence, and to the development of cancer stem cells. We propose that the central tenet of cancer stem cell definition lies exactly in the indefinability of cancer stem cells. Actual properties of cancer stem cells depend on the individual "stress-history" of the given tumor. Cancer stem cells are characterized by an extremely large evolvability (i.e. a capacity to generate heritable phenotypic variation), which corresponds well with the defining hallmarks of cancer stem cells: the possession of the capacity to self-renew and to repeatedly re-build the heterogeneous lineages of cancer cells that comprise a tumor in new environments. Cancer stem cells represent a cell population, which is adapted to adapt. We argue that the high evolvability of cancer stem cells is helped by their repeated transitions between plastic (proliferative, symmetrically dividing) and rigid (quiescent, asymmetrically dividing, often more invasive) phenotypes having plastic and rigid networks. Thus, cancer stem cells reverse and replay cancer development multiple times. We describe network models potentially explaining cancer stem cell-like behavior. Finally, we propose novel strategies including combination therapies and multi-target drugs to overcome the Nietzschean dilemma of cancer stem cell targeting: "what does not kill me makes me stronger".
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Csermely
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, P.O. Box 260, H-1444 Budapest 8, Hungary.
| | - János Hódsági
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, P.O. Box 260, H-1444 Budapest 8, Hungary
| | - Tamás Korcsmáros
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. s. 1C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dezső Módos
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. s. 1C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; Semmelweis University, Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Vas u. 17, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Áron R Perez-Lopez
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, P.O. Box 260, H-1444 Budapest 8, Hungary
| | - Kristóf Szalay
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, P.O. Box 260, H-1444 Budapest 8, Hungary
| | - Dániel V Veres
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, P.O. Box 260, H-1444 Budapest 8, Hungary
| | - Katalin Lenti
- Semmelweis University, Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Vas u. 17, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ling-Yun Wu
- Institute of Applied Mathematics, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 55, Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiang-Sun Zhang
- Institute of Applied Mathematics, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 55, Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing 100190, China
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