1
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Höppner S, Schröder B, Fluhrer R. Structure and function of SPP/SPPL proteases: insights from biochemical evidence and predictive modeling. FEBS J 2023; 290:5456-5474. [PMID: 37786993 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
More than 20 years ago, signal peptide peptidase (SPP) and its homologues, the signal peptide peptidase-like (SPPL) proteases have been identified based on their sequence similarity to presenilins, a related family of intramembrane aspartyl proteases. Other than those for the presenilins, no high-resolution structures for the SPP/SPPL proteases are available. Despite this limitation, over the years bioinformatical and biochemical data have accumulated, which altogether have provided a picture of the overall structure and topology of these proteases, their localization in the cell, the process of substrate recognition, their cleavage mechanism, and their function. Recently, the artificial intelligence-based structure prediction tool AlphaFold has added high-confidence models of the expected fold of SPP/SPPL proteases. In this review, we summarize known structural aspects of the SPP/SPPL family as well as their substrates. Of particular interest are the emerging substrate recognition and catalytic mechanisms that might lead to the prediction and identification of more potential substrates and deeper insight into physiological and pathophysiological roles of proteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Höppner
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, University of Augsburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Schröder
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Regina Fluhrer
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, University of Augsburg, Germany
- Center for Interdisciplinary Health Research, University of Augsburg, Germany
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2
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Meeuwsen MH, Wouters AK, Hagedoorn RS, Kester MGD, Remst DFG, van der Steen DM, de Ru A, van Veelen PA, Rossjohn J, Gras S, Falkenburg JHF, Heemskerk MHM. Cutting Edge: Unconventional CD8 + T Cell Recognition of a Naturally Occurring HLA-A*02:01-Restricted 20mer Epitope. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:1851-1856. [PMID: 35379743 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Unconventional HLA class I-restricted CD8+ T cell epitopes, longer than 10 aa, have been implicated to play a role in human immunity against viruses and cancer. T cell recognition of long peptides, centrally bulging from the HLA cleft, has been described previously. Alternatively, long peptides can contain a linear HLA-bound core peptide, with a N- or C-terminal peptide "tail" extending from the HLA peptide binding groove. The role of such a peptide "tail" in CD8+ T cell recognition remains unclear. In this study, we identified a 20mer peptide (FLPTPEELGLLGPPRPQVLA [FLP]) derived from the IL-27R subunit α gene restricted to HLA-A*02:01, for which we solved the crystal structure and demonstrated a long C-terminal "tail" extension. FLP-specific T cell clones demonstrated various recognition modes, some T cells recognized the FLP core peptide, while for other T cells the peptide tail was essential for recognition. These results demonstrate a crucial role for a C-terminal peptide tail in immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda H Meeuwsen
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands;
| | - Anne K Wouters
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Renate S Hagedoorn
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Michel G D Kester
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis F G Remst
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk M van der Steen
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Arnoud de Ru
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Peter A van Veelen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; and
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Gras
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; and
| | | | - Mirjam H M Heemskerk
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands;
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3
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Voogd L, Ruibal P, Ottenhoff TH, Joosten SA. Antigen presentation by MHC-E: a putative target for vaccination? Trends Immunol 2022; 43:355-365. [PMID: 35370095 PMCID: PMC9058203 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The essentially monomorphic human antigen presentation molecule HLA-E is an interesting candidate target to enable vaccination irrespective of genetic diversity. Predictive HLA-E peptide-binding motifs have been refined to facilitate HLA-E peptide discovery. HLA-E can accommodate structurally divergent peptides of both self and microbial origin. Intracellular processing and presentation pathways for peptides by HLA-E for T cell receptor (TCR) recognition remain to be elucidated. Recent studies show that, unlike canonical peptides, inhibition of the transporter associated with antigen presentation (TAP) is essential to allow HLA-E antigen presentation in cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and possibly also of other non-canonical peptides. We propose three alternative and TAP-independent MHC-E antigen-presentation pathways, including for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. These insights may help in designing potential HLA-E targeting vaccines against tumors and pathogens.
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4
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Wang S, Jaggi U, Tormanen K, Hirose S, Ghiasi H. Absence of signal peptide peptidase in peripheral sensory neurons affects latency-reactivation in HSV-1 ocularly infected mice. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010281. [PMID: 35100323 PMCID: PMC8830783 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that HSV-1 infectivity in vitro and in vivo requires HSV glycoprotein K (gK) binding to the ER signal peptide peptidase (SPP). Anterograde-retrograde transport via peripheral nerves between the site of infection (i.e., eye) and the site of latency (neurons) is a critical process to establish latency and subsequent viral reactivation. Given the essential role of neurons in HSV-1 latency-reactivation, we generated mice lacking SPP specifically in peripheral sensory neurons by crossing Advillin-Cre mice with SPPfl/fl mice. Expression of SPP mRNA and protein were significantly lower in neurons of Avil-SPP-/- mice than in control mice despite similar levels of HSV-1 replication in the eyes of Avil-SPP-/- mice and control mice. Viral transcript levels in isolated neurons of infected mice on days 2 and 5 post infection were lower than in control mice. Significantly less LAT, gB, and PD-1 expression was seen during latency in isolated neurons and total trigeminal ganglia (TG) of Avil-SPP-/- mice than in control mice. Finally, reduced latency and reduced T cell exhaustion in infected Avil-SPP-/- mice correlated with slower and no reactivation. Overall, our results suggest that blocking SPP expression in peripheral sensory neurons does not affect primary virus replication or eye disease but does reduce latency-reactivation. Thus, blocking of gK binding to SPP may be a useful tool to reduce latency-reactivation. HSV-1 gK and the ER protein SPP are both essential and highly conserved proteins. Their interaction is important for virus infectivity in vitro and in vivo. To evaluate the importance of gK binding to SPP in the peripheral nervous system, we generated SPP conditional knockout mice in peripheral nervous system using Advillin-Cre mice. The absence of SPP in peripheral nervous system significantly reduced latency-reactivation as well as T cell exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohui Wang
- Center for Neurobiology & Vaccine Development, Ophthalmology Research, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ujjaldeep Jaggi
- Center for Neurobiology & Vaccine Development, Ophthalmology Research, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Kati Tormanen
- Center for Neurobiology & Vaccine Development, Ophthalmology Research, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Satoshi Hirose
- Center for Neurobiology & Vaccine Development, Ophthalmology Research, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Homayon Ghiasi
- Center for Neurobiology & Vaccine Development, Ophthalmology Research, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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5
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Marijt KA, Griffioen L, Blijleven L, van der Burg SH, van Hall T. Cross-presentation of a TAP-independent signal peptide induces CD8 T immunity to escaped cancers but necessitates anchor replacement. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 71:289-300. [PMID: 34142235 PMCID: PMC8783882 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02984-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells frequently display defects in their antigen-processing pathway and thereby evade CD8 T cell immunity. We described a novel category of cancer antigens, named TEIPP, that emerge on cancers with functional loss of the peptide pump TAP. TEIPPs are non-mutated neoantigens despite their ‘self’ origin by virtue of their absence on normal tissues. Here, we describe the development of a synthetic long peptide (SLP) vaccine for the most immunogenic TEIPP antigen identified thus far, derived from the TAP-independent LRPAP1 signal sequence. LRPAP121–30-specific CD8 T cells were present in blood of all tested healthy donors as well as patients with non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma. SLPs with natural flanking, however, failed to be cross-presented by monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Since the C-terminus of LRPAP121–30 is an unconventional and weakly binding serine (S), we investigated if replacement of this anchor would result in efficient cross-presentation. Exchange into a valine (V) resulted in higher HLA-A2 binding affinity and enhanced T cell stimulation. Importantly, CD8 T cells isolated using the V-variant were able to bind tetramers with the natural S-variant and respond to TAP-deficient cancer cells. A functional screen with an array of N-terminal and C-terminal extended SLPs pointed at the 24-mer V-SLP, elongated at the N-terminus, as most optimal vaccine candidate. This SLP was efficiently cross-presented and consistently induced a strong polyclonal LRPAP121–30-specific CD8 T cells from the endogenous T cell repertoire. Thus, we designed a TEIPP SLP vaccine from the LRPAP1 signal sequence ready for validation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen A Marijt
- Department of Medical Oncology, C7-P, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Griffioen
- Department of Medical Oncology, C7-P, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Blijleven
- Department of Medical Oncology, C7-P, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd H van der Burg
- Department of Medical Oncology, C7-P, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thorbald van Hall
- Department of Medical Oncology, C7-P, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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6
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The nonclassical immune surveillance for ERAAP function. Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 70:105-111. [PMID: 34098489 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The peptide repertoire presented by MHC class I molecules on the cell surface is essential for the immune surveillance of intracellular pathogens and transformed cells. The generation of this peptide repertoire is critically dependent on the endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase associated with antigen processing (ERAAP). Loss of ERAAP function leads to the generation of a profoundly disrupted peptide repertoire including many novel and immunogenic peptides. Strikingly, a large fraction of these novel peptides on ERAAP-KO cells are presented by the nonclassical MHC Ib molecule, Qa-1b. One immunodominant Qa-1b-restricted novel peptide is recognized by a unique CD8+ T cell population showing features of both conventional cytotoxic T cells and unconventional innate-like T cells. While much remains to be uncovered, here we summarize the latest discoveries of our lab on the important immune surveillance of ERAAP function mediated by nonclassical MHC Ib molecules and their unusual cognate T cells.
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7
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de Waard AA, Verkerk T, Hoefakker K, van der Steen DM, Jongsma ML, Melamed Kadosh D, Bliss S, de Ru AH, Admon A, van Veelen PA, Griffioen M, Heemskerk MH, Spaapen RM. Healthy cells functionally present TAP-independent SSR1 peptides: implications for selection of clinically relevant antigens. iScience 2021; 24:102051. [PMID: 33554062 PMCID: PMC7847959 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors with an impaired transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) present several endoplasmic reticulum-derived self-antigens on HLA class I (HLA-I) which are absent on healthy cells. Selection of such TAP-independent antigens for T cell-based immunotherapy should include analysis of their expression on healthy cells to prevent therapy-induced adverse toxicities. However, it is unknown how the absence of clinically relevant antigens on healthy cells needs to be validated. Here, we monitored TAP-independent antigen presentation on various healthy cells after establishing a T cell tool recognizing a TAP-independent signal sequence receptor 1-derived antigen. We found that most but not all healthy cells present this antigen under normal and inflammatory conditions, indicating that TAP-independent antigen presentation is a variable phenomenon. Our data emphasize the necessity of extensive testing of a wide variety of healthy cell types to define clinically relevant TAP-independent antigens that can be safely targeted by immunotherapy. The ER-resident SSR1 holds an antigenic peptide that is processed independently of TAP TAP-independent peptide presentation is functional in healthy cell types TAP-independent SSR1-derived antigen presentation varies between healthy cells This exposes safety and efficacy risks of clinical TAP-independent peptide targeting
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonius A. de Waard
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, CX 1066, The Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, CX 1066, The Netherlands
| | - Tamara Verkerk
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, CX 1066, The Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, CX 1066, The Netherlands
| | - Kelly Hoefakker
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, CX 1066, The Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, CX 1066, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marlieke L.M. Jongsma
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, CX 1066, The Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, CX 1066, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, LUMC, Leiden, ZA 2333, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sophie Bliss
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, CX 1066, The Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, CX 1066, The Netherlands
| | - Arnoud H. de Ru
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, LUMC, Leiden, ZA 2333, The Netherlands
| | - Arie Admon
- Faculty of Biology, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Peter A. van Veelen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, LUMC, Leiden, ZA 2333, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Robbert M. Spaapen
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, CX 1066, The Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, CX 1066, The Netherlands
- Corresponding author
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8
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Papadopoulou AA, Fluhrer R. Signaling Functions of Intramembrane Aspartyl-Proteases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:591787. [PMID: 33381526 PMCID: PMC7768045 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.591787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Intramembrane proteolysis is more than a mechanism to "clean" the membranes from proteins no longer needed. By non-reversibly modifying transmembrane proteins, intramembrane cleaving proteases hold key roles in multiple signaling pathways and often distinguish physiological from pathological conditions. Signal peptide peptidase (SPP) and signal peptide peptidase-like proteases (SPPLs) recently have been associated with multiple functions in the field of signal transduction. SPP/SPPLs together with presenilins (PSs) are the only two families of intramembrane cleaving aspartyl proteases known in mammals. PS1 or PS2 comprise the catalytic center of the γ-secretase complex, which is well-studied in the context of Alzheimer's disease. The mammalian SPP/SPPL family of intramembrane cleaving proteases consists of five members: SPP and its homologous proteins SPPL2a, SPPL2b, SPPL2c, and SPPL3. Although these proteases were discovered due to their homology to PSs, it became evident in the past two decades that no physiological functions are shared between these two families. Based on studies in cell culture models various substrates of SPP/SPPL proteases have been identified in the past years and recently-developed mouse lines lacking individual members of this protease family, will help to further clarify the physiological functions of these proteases. In this review we concentrate on signaling roles of mammalian intramembrane cleaving aspartyl proteases. In particular, we will highlight the signaling roles of PS via its substrates NOTCH, VEGF, and others, mainly focusing on its involvement in vasculature. Delineating also signaling pathways that are affected and/or controlled by SPP/SPPL proteases. From SPP's participation in tumor progression and survival, to SPPL3's regulation of protein glycosylation and SPPL2c's control over cellular calcium stores, various crossovers between proteolytic activity of intramembrane proteases and cell signaling will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alkmini A. Papadopoulou
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Regina Fluhrer
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
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9
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Signal Peptide Peptidase-Type Proteases: Versatile Regulators with Functions Ranging from Limited Proteolysis to Protein Degradation. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:5063-5078. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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10
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Garrido G, Schrand B, Levay A, Rabasa A, Ferrantella A, Da Silva DM, D'Eramo F, Marijt KA, Zhang Z, Kwon D, Kortylewski M, Kast WM, Dudeja V, van Hall T, Gilboa E. Vaccination against Nonmutated Neoantigens Induced in Recurrent and Future Tumors. Cancer Immunol Res 2020; 8:856-868. [PMID: 32295785 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-20-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination of patients against neoantigens expressed in concurrent tumors, recurrent tumors, or tumors developing in individuals at risk of cancer is posing major challenges in terms of which antigens to target and is limited to patients expressing neoantigens in their tumors. Here, we describe a vaccination strategy against antigens that were induced in tumor cells by downregulation of the peptide transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP). Vaccination against TAP downregulation-induced antigens was more effective than vaccination against mutation-derived neoantigens, was devoid of measurable toxicity, and inhibited the growth of concurrent and future tumors in models of recurrence and premalignant disease. Human CD8+ T cells stimulated with TAPlow dendritic cells elicited a polyclonal T-cell response that recognized tumor cells with experimentally reduced TAP expression. Vaccination against TAP downregulation-induced antigens overcomes the main limitations of vaccinating against mostly unique tumor-resident neoantigens and could represent a simpler vaccination strategy that will be applicable to most patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Garrido
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Brett Schrand
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Agata Levay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ailem Rabasa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Anthony Ferrantella
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Diane M Da Silva
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Francesca D'Eramo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Koen A Marijt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Zhuoran Zhang
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Deukwoo Kwon
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Marcin Kortylewski
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - W Martin Kast
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Vikas Dudeja
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Thorbald van Hall
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Eli Gilboa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida. .,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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11
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Garrido G, Schrand B, Rabasa A, Levay A, D'Eramo F, Berezhnoy A, Modi S, Gefen T, Marijt K, Doorduijn E, Dudeja V, van Hall T, Gilboa E. Tumor-targeted silencing of the peptide transporter TAP induces potent antitumor immunity. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3773. [PMID: 31434881 PMCID: PMC6704146 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11728-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoantigen burden is a major determinant of tumor immunogenicity, underscored by recent clinical experience with checkpoint blockade therapy. Yet the majority of patients do not express, or express too few, neoantigens, and hence are less responsive to immune therapy. Here we describe an approach whereby a common set of new antigens are induced in tumor cells in situ by transient downregulation of the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP). Administration of TAP siRNA conjugated to a broad-range tumor-targeting nucleolin aptamer inhibited tumor growth in multiple tumor models without measurable toxicity, was comparatively effective to vaccination against prototypic mutation-generated neoantigens, potentiated the antitumor effect of PD-1 antibody or Flt3 ligand, and induced the presentation of a TAP-independent peptide in human tumor cells. Treatment with the chemically-synthesized nucleolin aptamer-TAP siRNA conjugate represents a broadly-applicable approach to increase the antigenicity of tumor lesions and thereby enhance the effectiveness of immune potentiating therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Garrido
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Brett Schrand
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ailem Rabasa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Agata Levay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Francesca D'Eramo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alexey Berezhnoy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Shrey Modi
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Tal Gefen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Koen Marijt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Elien Doorduijn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Vikas Dudeja
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Thorbald van Hall
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Eli Gilboa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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12
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Pinter N, Hach CA, Hampel M, Rekhter D, Zienkiewicz K, Feussner I, Poehlein A, Daniel R, Finkernagel F, Heimel K. Signal peptide peptidase activity connects the unfolded protein response to plant defense suppression by Ustilago maydis. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007734. [PMID: 30998787 PMCID: PMC6490947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The corn smut fungus Ustilago maydis requires the unfolded protein response (UPR) to maintain homeostasis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) during the biotrophic interaction with its host plant Zea mays (maize). Crosstalk between the UPR and pathways controlling pathogenic development is mediated by protein-protein interactions between the UPR regulator Cib1 and the developmental regulator Clp1. Cib1/Clp1 complex formation results in mutual modification of the connected regulatory networks thereby aligning fungal proliferation in planta, efficient effector secretion with increased ER stress tolerance and long-term UPR activation in planta. Here we address UPR-dependent gene expression and its modulation by Clp1 using combinatorial RNAseq/ChIPseq analyses. We show that increased ER stress resistance is connected to Clp1-dependent alterations of Cib1 phosphorylation, protein stability and UPR gene expression. Importantly, we identify by deletion screening of UPR core genes the signal peptide peptidase Spp1 as a novel key factor that is required for establishing a compatible biotrophic interaction between U. maydis and its host plant maize. Spp1 is dispensable for ER stress resistance and vegetative growth but requires catalytic activity to interfere with the plant defense, revealing a novel virulence specific function for signal peptide peptidases in a biotrophic fungal/plant interaction. Biotrophic pathogens establish compatible interactions with their host to cause disease. A critical step in this process is the suppression of plant defense responses by secreted effector proteins. In the maize infecting fungus Ustilago maydis expression of effector encoding genes is coordinately upregulated at defined stages of pathogenic development in so-called effector waves. Efficient secretion of the multitude of effectors relies on the unfolded protein response (UPR) to maintain homeostasis of the endoplasmic reticulum. Activation of the UPR is connected to the control of fungal proliferation through direct protein-protein interactions between the UPR regulator Cib1 and the developmental regulator Clp1. Here, we show that this interaction leads to functional modification of Cib1 and modulation of UPR gene expression to adapt the UPR for long-term activity in the plant. Within a core set of UPR regulated genes we identify the signal peptide peptidase Spp1 as a key factor for fungal virulence. We show that Spp1 requires its conserved catalytic activity to suppress the plant defense and cause disease. The virulence specific function of Spp1 does not involve pathways previously known to be associated with Spp1-like proteins or plant defense suppression, suggesting a novel role for Spp1 substrates in biotrophic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niko Pinter
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christina Andrea Hach
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Hampel
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dmitrij Rekhter
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Zienkiewicz
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anja Poehlein
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology & Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rolf Daniel
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology & Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Florian Finkernagel
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Marburg, Germany
| | - Kai Heimel
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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13
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Durgeau A, Virk Y, Gros G, Voilin E, Corgnac S, Djenidi F, Salmon J, Adam J, de Montpréville V, Validire P, Ferrone S, Chouaib S, Eggermont A, Soria JC, Lemonnier F, Tartour E, Chaput N, Besse B, Mami-Chouaib F. Human preprocalcitonin self-antigen generates TAP-dependent and -independent epitopes triggering optimised T-cell responses toward immune-escaped tumours. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5097. [PMID: 30504837 PMCID: PMC6269466 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07603-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumours often evade CD8 T-cell immunity by downregulating TAP. T-cell epitopes associated with impaired peptide processing are immunogenic non-mutated neoantigens that emerge during tumour immune evasion. The preprocalcitonin (ppCT)16-25 neoepitope belongs to this category of antigens. Here we show that most human lung tumours display altered expression of TAP and frequently express ppCT self-antigen. We also show that ppCT includes HLA-A2-restricted epitopes that are processed by TAP-independent and -dependent pathways. Processing occurs in either the endoplasmic reticulum, by signal peptidase and signal peptide peptidase, or in the cytosol after release of a signal peptide precursor or retrotranslocation of a procalcitonin substrate by endoplasmic-reticulum-associated degradation. Remarkably, ppCT peptide-based immunotherapy induces efficient T-cell responses toward antigen processing and presenting machinery-impaired tumours transplanted into HLA-A*0201-transgenic mice and in NOD-scid-Il2rγnull mice adoptively transferred with human PBMC. Thus, ppCT-specific T lymphocytes are promising effectors for treatment of tumours that have escaped immune recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Durgeau
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumour Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, EPHE, PSL, Fac. de Médecine, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France.,ElyssaMed, Paris Biotech Santé, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Yasemin Virk
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumour Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, EPHE, PSL, Fac. de Médecine, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Gwendoline Gros
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumour Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, EPHE, PSL, Fac. de Médecine, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Elodie Voilin
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumour Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, EPHE, PSL, Fac. de Médecine, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Stéphanie Corgnac
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumour Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, EPHE, PSL, Fac. de Médecine, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Fayçal Djenidi
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumour Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, EPHE, PSL, Fac. de Médecine, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Jérôme Salmon
- CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) UMR 8122, Gustave Roussy, Faculté de Médecine, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Julien Adam
- INSERM U 981, Gustave Roussy, Faculté de Médecine, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Vincent de Montpréville
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumour Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, EPHE, PSL, Fac. de Médecine, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France.,Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Centre Chirurgical Marie-Lannelongue, 92350, Le-Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Pierre Validire
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Salem Chouaib
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumour Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, EPHE, PSL, Fac. de Médecine, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France.,Thumbay Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, 4184, UAE
| | - Alexander Eggermont
- Cancer Institute, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Grand Paris, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Jean-Charles Soria
- Department of Drug Development (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - François Lemonnier
- Département Endocrinologie, Métabolisme et Diabète, Equipe Immunologie des Diabètes, INSERM U1016, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Eric Tartour
- INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service d'Immunologie Biologique, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Chaput
- Laboratory of Immunomonitoring in Oncology, and CNRS-UMS 3655 and INSERM-US23, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Faculté de Pharmacie, University Paris-Sud, F-92296, Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Benjamin Besse
- Département de Médecine, Gustave Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Fathia Mami-Chouaib
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumour Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, EPHE, PSL, Fac. de Médecine, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France.
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14
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Marijt KA, Blijleven L, Verdegaal EME, Kester MG, Kowalewski DJ, Rammensee HG, Stevanović S, Heemskerk MHM, van der Burg SH, van Hall T. Identification of non-mutated neoantigens presented by TAP-deficient tumors. J Exp Med 2018; 215:2325-2337. [PMID: 30115740 PMCID: PMC6122969 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20180577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A hybrid forward-reversed immunological screen is performed to identify 16 novel HLA-A2 presented cancer antigens. These peptides are selectively presented by immune-escaped cancer cells with defects in the peptide transporter TAP. In contrast to mutated neoantigens, these “self” neoantigens are universally presented across different cancer types. Most T cell–based immunotherapies of cancer depend on intact antigen presentation by HLA class I molecules (HLA-I). However, defects in the antigen-processing machinery can cause downregulation of HLA-I, rendering tumor cells resistant to CD8+ T cells. Previously, we demonstrated that a unique category of cancer antigens is selectively presented by tumor cells deficient for the peptide transporter TAP, enabling a specific attack of such tumors without causing immunopathology in mouse models. With a novel combinatorial screening approach, we now identify 16 antigens of this category in humans. These HLA-A*02:01 presented peptides do not derive from the mutanome of cancers, but are of “self” origin and therefore constitute universal neoantigens. Indeed, CD8+ T cells specific for the leader peptide of the ubiquitously expressed LRPAP1 protein recognized TAP-deficient, HLA-Ilow lymphomas, melanomas, and renal and colon carcinomas, but not healthy counterparts. In contrast to personalized mutanome-targeted therapies, these conserved neoantigens and their cognate receptors can be exploited for immune-escaped cancers across diverse histological origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen A Marijt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Laura Blijleven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Els M E Verdegaal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Michel G Kester
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Daniel J Kowalewski
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Rammensee
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Stevanović
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Sjoerd H van der Burg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Thorbald van Hall
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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15
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Marijt KA, Doorduijn EM, van Hall T. TEIPP antigens for T-cell based immunotherapy of immune-edited HLA class I low cancers. Mol Immunol 2018; 113:43-49. [PMID: 29627136 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
T-cell based immunotherapies through checkpoint blockade or adoptive transfer are effective treatments for a wide range of cancers like melanomas and lung carcinomas that harbor a high mutational load. The HLA class I and class II (HLA-I and HLA-II) presented neoantigens arise from genetic mutations in the cancerous cells and are ideal non-self targets for the T cell-based treatments. Although some cancer patients responded with complete regression, many others are irresponsive to checkpoint blockade treatments, or relapse after initial success. One of the mechanisms by which tumors evade T cell recognition is by acquiring deficiencies in the HLA-I antigen-processing pathway, leading to downregulation of HLA-I molecules at the cell surface and thereby creating an 'invisible' tumor phenotype. Interestingly, an alternative antigen repertoire arises on these HLA-Ilow cancer cells. We refer to this alternative antigen repertoire as TEIPP: T cell epitopes associated with impaired peptide processing. TEIPP antigens are curious non-mutated peptides from housekeeping proteins that are not presented in homeostasis. In this review, for the first time we recapitulate all our published work on TEIPP antigens, including our recent understanding of the CD8 T cell repertoire. We are convinced that TEIPP-directed T cells will be valuable resources to target immune-edited tumors that have acquired resistance to checkpoint blockade therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen A Marijt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elien M Doorduijn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thorbald van Hall
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands.
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16
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Hafstrand I, Doorduijn EM, Sun R, Talyzina A, Sluijter M, Pellegrino S, Sandalova T, Duru AD, van Hall T, Achour A. The Immunogenicity of a Proline-Substituted Altered Peptide Ligand toward the Cancer-Associated TEIPP Neoepitope Trh4 Is Unrelated to Complex Stability. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:2860-2868. [PMID: 29507106 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Human cancers frequently display defects in Ag processing and presentation allowing for immune evasion, and they therefore constitute a significant challenge for T cell-based immunotherapy. We have previously demonstrated that the antigenicity of tumor-associated Ags can be significantly enhanced through unconventional residue modifications as a novel tool for MHC class I (MHC-I)-based immunotherapy approaches. We have also previously identified a novel category of cancer neo-epitopes, that is, T cell epitopes associated with impaired peptide processing (TEIPP), that are selectively presented by MHC-I on cells lacking the peptide transporter TAP. In this study, we demonstrate that substitution of the nonanchoring position 3 into a proline residue of the first identified TEIPP peptide, the murine Trh4, results in significantly enhanced recognition by antitumor CTLs toward the wild-type epitope. Although higher immunogenicity has in most cases been associated with increased MHC/peptide complex stability, our results demonstrate that the overall stability of H-2Db in complex with the highly immunogenic altered peptide ligand Trh4-p3P is significantly reduced compared with wild-type H-2Db/Trh4. Comparison of the crystal structures of the H-2Db/Trh4-p3P and H-2Db/Trh4 complexes revealed that the conformation of the nonconventional methionine anchor residue p5M is altered, deleting its capacity to form adequate sulfur-π interactions with H-2Db residues, thus reducing the overall longevity of the complex. Collectively, our results indicate that vaccination with Thr4-p3P significantly enhances T cell recognition of targets presenting the wild-type TEIPP epitope and that higher immunogenicity is not necessarily directly related to MHC/peptide complex stability, opening for the possibility to design novel peptide vaccines with reduced MHC/peptide complex stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Hafstrand
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elien M Doorduijn
- Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Renhua Sun
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Talyzina
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marjolein Sluijter
- Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sara Pellegrino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, General and Organic Chemistry Section, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Tatyana Sandalova
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adil Doganay Duru
- Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314; and.,College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328
| | - Thorbald van Hall
- Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands;
| | - Adnane Achour
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden; .,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Durgeau A, Virk Y, Corgnac S, Mami-Chouaib F. Recent Advances in Targeting CD8 T-Cell Immunity for More Effective Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2018; 9:14. [PMID: 29403496 PMCID: PMC5786548 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in cancer treatment have emerged from new immunotherapies targeting T-cell inhibitory receptors, including cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen (CTLA)-4 and programmed cell death (PD)-1. In this context, anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies have demonstrated survival benefits in numerous cancers, including melanoma and non-small-cell lung carcinoma. PD-1-expressing CD8+ T lymphocytes appear to play a major role in the response to these immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) eliminate malignant cells through recognition by the T-cell receptor (TCR) of specific antigenic peptides presented on the surface of cancer cells by major histocompatibility complex class I/beta-2-microglobulin complexes, and through killing of target cells, mainly by releasing the content of secretory lysosomes containing perforin and granzyme B. T-cell adhesion molecules and, in particular, lymphocyte-function-associated antigen-1 and CD103 integrins, and their cognate ligands, respectively, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and E-cadherin, on target cells, are involved in strengthening the interaction between CTL and tumor cells. Tumor-specific CTL have been isolated from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of patients with varied cancers. TCRβ-chain gene usage indicated that CTL identified in vitro selectively expanded in vivo at the tumor site compared to autologous PBL. Moreover, functional studies indicated that these CTL mediate human leukocyte antigen class I-restricted cytotoxic activity toward autologous tumor cells. Several of them recognize truly tumor-specific antigens encoded by mutated genes, also known as neoantigens, which likely play a key role in antitumor CD8 T-cell immunity. Accordingly, it has been shown that the presence of T lymphocytes directed toward tumor neoantigens is associated with patient response to immunotherapies, including ICI, adoptive cell transfer, and dendritic cell-based vaccines. These tumor-specific mutation-derived antigens open up new perspectives for development of effective second-generation therapeutic cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Durgeau
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, EPHE, Fac. de Médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,ElyssaMed, Paris Biotech Santé, Paris, France
| | - Yasemin Virk
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, EPHE, Fac. de Médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Stéphanie Corgnac
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, EPHE, Fac. de Médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Fathia Mami-Chouaib
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, EPHE, Fac. de Médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
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18
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Embedded in the Membrane: How Lipids Confer Activity and Specificity to Intramembrane Proteases. J Membr Biol 2017; 251:369-378. [PMID: 29260282 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-017-0008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Proteases, sharp yet unforgivable tools of every cell, require tight regulation to ensure specific non-aberrant cleavages. The relatively recent discovered class of intramembrane proteases has gained increasing interest due to their involvement in important signaling pathways linking them to diseases including Alzheimer's disease and cancer. Despite tremendous efforts, their regulatory mechanisms have only started to unravel. There is evidence that the membrane composition itself can regulate intramembrane protease activity and specificity. In this review, we highlight the work on γ-secretase and rhomboid proteases and summarize several studies as to how different lipids impact on enzymatic activity.
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19
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Doorduijn EM, Sluijter M, Marijt KA, Querido BJ, van der Burg SH, van Hall T. T cells specific for a TAP-independent self-peptide remain naïve in tumor-bearing mice and are fully exploitable for therapy. Oncoimmunology 2017; 7:e1382793. [PMID: 29399388 PMCID: PMC5790395 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1382793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers frequently evade immune-recognition by lowering peptide:MHC-I complexes on their cell surface. Limited peptide supply due to TAP-deficiency results in such MHC-Ilow immune-escape variants. Previously, we reported on a category of TAP-independent self-peptides, called TEIPP, with selective presentation by these tumors. Here we demonstrate that in contrast to T cells specific for conventional tumor antigens, TEIPP-directed T cells remain naïve in mice bearing immune-escaped tumors. This unaffected state was caused by low levels of MHC-I on the tumors and the failure to cross-present low levels of antigenic protein by host APCs. Importantly, increased levels of MHC-I, antigen or co-stimulation resulted in potent activation of TEIPP-specific T cells via direct presentation. Genetic knockdown by CRISPR/Cas9 technology of the relevant MHC-I allele in tumor cells indeed abrogated T cell activation. Vaccine-mediated priming of TEIPP-specific T cells induced efficient homing to MHC-Ilow tumors and subsequently protected mice against outgrowth of their MHC-Ilow tumor. Thus, our data open up the search of TEIPP-specific T cells in cancer patients to explore their application against MHC-Ilow tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elien M Doorduijn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Sluijter
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Koen A Marijt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bianca J Querido
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd H van der Burg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Thorbald van Hall
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
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20
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Mentrup T, Fluhrer R, Schröder B. Latest emerging functions of SPP/SPPL intramembrane proteases. Eur J Cell Biol 2017; 96:372-382. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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21
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Doorduijn EM, Sluijter M, Salvatori DC, Silvestri S, Maas S, Arens R, Ossendorp F, van der Burg SH, van Hall T. CD4 + T Cell and NK Cell Interplay Key to Regression of MHC Class I low Tumors upon TLR7/8 Agonist Therapy. Cancer Immunol Res 2017. [PMID: 28637878 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-16-0334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
One of the next challenges in cancer immunotherapy is the resistance of tumors to T-cell-based treatments through loss of MHC class I. Here, we show that under these circumstances, the Toll-like receptor (TLR)-7/8 ligand imiquimod, but not the TLR3 ligand poly I:C or TLR9 ligand CpG, mediated an effective antitumor response. The rejection of these immune-escaped cancers was mediated by NK cells and CD4+ T cells, whereas activated CD8+ T cells were dispensable. Application of the innate immune stimulator at a distant site activated NK cells and thereby elicited tumor-specific T-cell responses in tumor-bearing mice. Mechanistically, imiquimod activated NK cells to kill tumor cells, resulting in release of tumor antigens and induction of tumor-specific CD4+ T cells. These T helper cells provoked a strong induction of CXCL9 and CXCL10 in the tumor environment. Simultaneously, imiquimod induced the expression of the cognate chemokine receptor CXCR3 on peripheral lymphocytes. This ignited intratumoral CD4+ T-cell infiltration and accumulation, which was critical for tumor rejection; CXCR3 blocking antibodies mitigated the clinical response. In the effector phase, NK cell recruitment to tumors and their activation depended on CD4+ T cells. Together, we have uncovered a potent immune axis of tumor-specific CD4+ T cells and NK cells that eliminates escaped MHC-Ilow tumors. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(8); 642-53. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elien M Doorduijn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Sluijter
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Daniela C Salvatori
- Central Laboratory Animal Facility, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Serenella Silvestri
- Central Laboratory Animal Facility, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia Maas
- Central Laboratory Animal Facility, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ramon Arens
- Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ferry Ossendorp
- Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd H van der Burg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Thorbald van Hall
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands.
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22
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Buaillon C, Guerrero NA, Cebrian I, Blanié S, Lopez J, Bassot E, Vasseur V, Santi-Rocca J, Blanchard N. MHC I presentation of Toxoplasma gondii immunodominant antigen does not require Sec22b and is regulated by antigen orientation at the vacuole membrane. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:1160-1170. [PMID: 28508576 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular Toxoplasma gondii parasite replicates within a parasitophorous vacuole (PV). T. gondii secretes proteins that remain soluble in the PV space, are inserted into PV membranes or are exported beyond the PV boundary. In addition to supporting T. gondii growth, these proteins can be processed and presented by MHC I for CD8+ T-cell recognition. Yet it is unclear whether membrane binding influences the processing pathways employed and if topology of membrane antigens impacts their MHC I presentation. Here we report that the MHC I pathways of soluble and membrane-bound antigens differ in their requirement for host ER recruitment. In contrast to the soluble SAG1-OVA model antigen, we find that presentation of the membrane-bound GRA6 is independent from the SNARE Sec22b, a key molecule for transfer of host endoplasmic reticulum components onto the PV. Using parasites modified to secrete a transmembrane antigen with opposite orientations, we further show that MHC I presentation is highly favored when the C-terminal epitope is exposed to the host cell cytosol, which corresponds to GRA6 natural orientation. Our data suggest that the biochemical properties of antigens released by intracellular pathogens critically guide their processing pathway and are valuable parameters to consider for vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Buaillon
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), INSERM, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Nestor A Guerrero
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), INSERM, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Ignacio Cebrian
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM)-CONICET/UNCuyo, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Sophie Blanié
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), INSERM, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jodie Lopez
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), INSERM, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Emilie Bassot
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), INSERM, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Virginie Vasseur
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), INSERM, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Julien Santi-Rocca
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), INSERM, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Blanchard
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), INSERM, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
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23
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Modular transcriptional repertoire and MicroRNA target analyses characterize genomic dysregulation in the thymus of Down syndrome infants. Oncotarget 2016; 7:7497-533. [PMID: 26848775 PMCID: PMC4884935 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Trisomy 21-driven transcriptional alterations in human thymus were characterized through gene coexpression network (GCN) and miRNA-target analyses. We used whole thymic tissue--obtained at heart surgery from Down syndrome (DS) and karyotipically normal subjects (CT)--and a network-based approach for GCN analysis that allows the identification of modular transcriptional repertoires (communities) and the interactions between all the system's constituents through community detection. Changes in the degree of connections observed for hierarchically important hubs/genes in CT and DS networks corresponded to community changes. Distinct communities of highly interconnected genes were topologically identified in these networks. The role of miRNAs in modulating the expression of highly connected genes in CT and DS was revealed through miRNA-target analysis. Trisomy 21 gene dysregulation in thymus may be depicted as the breakdown and altered reorganization of transcriptional modules. Leading networks acting in normal or disease states were identified. CT networks would depict the "canonical" way of thymus functioning. Conversely, DS networks represent a "non-canonical" way, i.e., thymic tissue adaptation under trisomy 21 genomic dysregulation. This adaptation is probably driven by epigenetic mechanisms acting at chromatin level and through the miRNA control of transcriptional programs involving the networks' high-hierarchy genes.
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24
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Tan Q, Ma S, Hu J, Chen X, Yu Y, Zang G, Tang Z. Role of tripeptidyl peptidase II in MHC class I antigen presentation: Biological characteristics, cellular crosstalk and signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:1954-1958. [PMID: 27829551 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tripeptidyl peptidase II (TPPII) is a multifunctional cytoplasmic serine protease. The main function of TPPII is to cleave proteasome-generated peptides into tripeptides, which can then be further degraded into free amino acids. Recent evidence suggests that TPPII plays an important role in epitope generation, but the mechanisms of TPPII in MHC class I antigen presentation remain unclear. Recent research has shed new light on the mechanisms and functions of TPPII in MHC class I antigen presentation. We therefore provide an updated review of the biological characteristics of TPPII and explore its role in MHC class I antigen presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanhui Tan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Siyuan Ma
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jianjun Hu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yongsheng Yu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Guoqing Zang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Zhenghao Tang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
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25
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Kranz LM, Birtel M, Hilscher L, Grunwitz C, Petschenka J, Vascotto F, Vormehr M, Voss RH, Kreiter S, Diken M. CIMT 2016: Mechanisms of efficacy in cancer immunotherapy - Report on the 14th Annual Meeting of the Association for Cancer Immunotherapy May 10-12 2016, Mainz, Germany. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 12:2805-2812. [PMID: 27435168 PMCID: PMC5137546 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1206677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lena M Kranz
- a TRON-Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH , Mainz , Germany.,b Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University , Mainz , Germany
| | - Matthias Birtel
- a TRON-Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH , Mainz , Germany.,b Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University , Mainz , Germany
| | - Lina Hilscher
- a TRON-Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH , Mainz , Germany
| | - Christian Grunwitz
- a TRON-Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH , Mainz , Germany.,c BioNTech RNA Pharmaceuticals GmbH , Mainz , Germany
| | - Jutta Petschenka
- a TRON-Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH , Mainz , Germany
| | - Fulvia Vascotto
- a TRON-Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH , Mainz , Germany
| | - Mathias Vormehr
- a TRON-Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH , Mainz , Germany.,c BioNTech RNA Pharmaceuticals GmbH , Mainz , Germany
| | - Ralf-Holger Voss
- a TRON-Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH , Mainz , Germany
| | - Sebastian Kreiter
- a TRON-Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH , Mainz , Germany
| | - Mustafa Diken
- a TRON-Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH , Mainz , Germany
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26
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Bunyamwera orthobunyavirus glycoprotein precursor is processed by cellular signal peptidase and signal peptide peptidase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:8825-30. [PMID: 27439867 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1603364113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The M genome segment of Bunyamwera virus (BUNV)-the prototype of both the Bunyaviridae family and the Orthobunyavirus genus-encodes the glycoprotein precursor (GPC) that is proteolytically cleaved to yield two viral structural glycoproteins, Gn and Gc, and a nonstructural protein, NSm. The cleavage mechanism of orthobunyavirus GPCs and the host proteases involved have not been clarified. In this study, we investigated the processing of BUNV GPC and found that both NSm and Gc proteins were cleaved at their own internal signal peptides (SPs), in which NSm domain I functions as SP(NSm) and NSm domain V as SP(Gc) Moreover, the domain I was further processed by a host intramembrane-cleaving protease, signal peptide peptidase, and is required for cell fusion activities. Meanwhile, the NSm domain V (SP(Gc)) remains integral to NSm, rendering the NSm topology as a two-membrane-spanning integral membrane protein. We defined the cleavage sites and boundaries between the processed proteins as follows: Gn, from residue 17-312 or nearby residues; NSm, 332-477; and Gc, 478-1433. Our data clarified the mechanism of the precursor cleavage process, which is important for our understanding of viral glycoprotein biogenesis in the genus Orthobunyavirus and thus presents a useful target for intervention strategies.
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27
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Wegner MS, Schiffmann S, Parnham MJ, Geisslinger G, Grösch S. The enigma of ceramide synthase regulation in mammalian cells. Prog Lipid Res 2016; 63:93-119. [PMID: 27180613 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ceramide synthases (CerS) are key enzymes in the lipid metabolism of eukaryotic cells. Their products, ceramides (Cer), are components of cellular membranes but also mediate signaling functions in physiological processes such as proliferation, skin barrier function and cerebellar development. In pathophysiological processes such as multiple sclerosis and tumor progression, ceramide levels are altered, which can be ascribed, partly, to dysregulation of CerS gene transcription. Most publications deal with the effects of altered ceramide levels on physiological and pathophysiological processes, but the regulation of the appropriate CerS is frequently not investigated. This is insufficient for the clarification of the role of ceramides, because most ceramide species are generated by at least two CerS. The mechanisms of CerS regulation are manifold and it seems that each CerS isoform is regulated individually. For this reason, we discuss the different CerS separately in this review. From transcriptional regulation to alteration of protein activity, the possibilities to influence CerS are diverse. Furthermore, CerS are influenced by a variety of molecules including hormones and lipids. Without claiming completeness, we provide a résumé of the regulatory mechanisms for each CerS in mammalian cells and how dysregulation of these mechanisms during physiological processes may lead to pathophysiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe-Susanna Wegner
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Johann- Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Susanne Schiffmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (TMP), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael John Parnham
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (TMP), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Johann- Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sabine Grösch
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Johann- Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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28
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van der Burg SH, Arens R, Ossendorp F, van Hall T, Melief CJM. Vaccines for established cancer: overcoming the challenges posed by immune evasion. Nat Rev Cancer 2016; 16:219-33. [PMID: 26965076 DOI: 10.1038/nrc.2016.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 497] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic vaccines preferentially stimulate T cells against tumour-specific epitopes that are created by DNA mutations or oncogenic viruses. In the setting of premalignant disease, carcinoma in situ or minimal residual disease, therapeutic vaccination can be clinically successful as monotherapy; however, in established cancers, therapeutic vaccines will require co-treatments to overcome immune evasion and to become fully effective. In this Review, we discuss the progress that has been made in overcoming immune evasion controlled by tumour cell-intrinsic factors and the tumour microenvironment. We summarize how therapeutic benefit can be maximized in patients with established cancers by improving vaccine design and by using vaccines to increase the effects of standard chemotherapies, to establish and/or maintain tumour-specific T cells that are re-energized by checkpoint blockade and other therapies, and to sustain the antitumour response of adoptively transferred T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramon Arens
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ferry Ossendorp
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Cornelis J M Melief
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
- ISA Pharmaceuticals, J. H. Oortweg 19, 2333 CH, Leiden, The Netherlands
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29
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Hafstrand I, Doorduijn EM, Duru AD, Buratto J, Oliveira CC, Sandalova T, van Hall T, Achour A. The MHC Class I Cancer-Associated Neoepitope Trh4 Linked with Impaired Peptide Processing Induces a Unique Noncanonical TCR Conformer. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:2327-34. [PMID: 26800871 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
MHC class I downregulation represents a significant challenge for successful T cell-based immunotherapy. T cell epitopes associated with impaired peptide processing (TEIPP) constitute a novel category of immunogenic Ags that are selectively presented on transporter associated with Ag processing-deficient cells. The TEIPP neoepitopes are CD8 T cell targets, derived from nonmutated self-proteins that might be exploited to prevent immune escape. In this study, the crystal structure of H-2D(b) in complex with the first identified TEIPP Ag (MCLRMTAVM) derived from the Trh4 protein has been determined to 2.25 Å resolution. In contrast to prototypic H-2D(b) peptides, Trh4 takes a noncanonical peptide-binding pattern with extensive sulfur-π interactions that contribute to the overall complex stability. Importantly, the noncanonical methionine at peptide position 5 acts as a main anchor, altering only the conformation of the H-2D(b) residues Y156 and H155 and thereby forming a unique MHC/peptide conformer that is essential for recognition by TEIPP-specific T cells. Substitution of peptide residues p2C and p5M to the conservative α-aminobutyric acid and norleucine, respectively, significantly reduced complex stability, without altering peptide conformation or T cell recognition. In contrast, substitution of p5M to a conventional asparagine abolished recognition by the H-2D(b)/Trh4-specific T cell clone LnB5. We anticipate that the H-2D(b)/Trh4 complex represents the first example, to our knowledge, of a broader repertoire of alternative MHC class I binders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Hafstrand
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, SE-10450 Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Elien M Doorduijn
- Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Adil Doganay Duru
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, SE-10450 Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Jeremie Buratto
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, SE-10450 Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | | | - Tatyana Sandalova
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, SE-10450 Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Thorbald van Hall
- Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Adnane Achour
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, SE-10450 Stockholm, Sweden; and
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30
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Doorduijn EM, Sluijter M, Querido BJ, Oliveira CC, Achour A, Ossendorp F, van der Burg SH, van Hall T. TAP-independent self-peptides enhance T cell recognition of immune-escaped tumors. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:784-94. [PMID: 26784543 DOI: 10.1172/jci83671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells frequently escape from CD8+ T cell recognition by abrogating MHC-I antigen presentation. Deficiency in processing components, like the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP), results in strongly decreased surface display of peptide/MHC-I complexes. We previously identified a class of hidden self-antigens known as T cell epitopes associated with impaired peptide processing (TEIPP), which emerge on tumor cells with such processing defects. In the present study, we analyzed thymus selection and peripheral behavior of T cells with specificity for the prototypic TEIPP antigen, the "self" TRH4 peptide/Db complex. TEIPP T cells were efficiently selected in the thymus, egressed with a naive phenotype, and could be exploited for immunotherapy against immune-escaped, TAP-deficient tumor cells expressing low levels of MHC-I (MHC-Ilo). In contrast, overt thymus deletion and functionally impaired TEIPP T cells were observed in mice deficient for TAP1 due to TEIPP antigen presentation on all body cells in these mice. Our results strongly support the concept that TEIPPs derive from ubiquitous, nonmutated self-antigens and constitute a class of immunogenic neoantigens that are unmasked during tumor immune evasion. These data suggest that TEIPP-specific CD8+ T cells are promising candidates in the treatment of tumors that have escaped from conventional immunotherapies.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 2
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/immunology
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Autoantigens/genetics
- Autoantigens/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Peptides/genetics
- Peptides/immunology
- Tumor Escape
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31
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Garrido F, Aptsiauri N, Doorduijn EM, Garcia Lora AM, van Hall T. The urgent need to recover MHC class I in cancers for effective immunotherapy. Curr Opin Immunol 2016; 39:44-51. [PMID: 26796069 PMCID: PMC5138279 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 415] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor immune escape compromises the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Loss of MHC class I expression is a frequent event in cancer cells. Three tumor phenotypes determine cancer fate: escape, rejection and dormancy. Recovery of MHC class I expression is required to improve cancer immunotherapy.
Immune escape strategies aimed to avoid T-cell recognition, including the loss of tumor MHC class I expression, are commonly found in malignant cells. Tumor immune escape has proven to have a negative effect on the clinical outcome of cancer immunotherapy, including treatment with antibodies blocking immune checkpoint molecules. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop novel approaches to overcome tumor immune evasion. MHC class I antigen presentation is often affected in human cancers and the capacity to induce upregulation of MHC class I cell surface expression is a critical step in the induction of tumor rejection. This review focuses on characterization of rejection, escape, and dormant profiles of tumors and its microenvironment with a special emphasis on the tumor MHC class I expression. We also discuss possible approaches to recover MHC class I expression on tumor cells harboring reversible/‘soft’ or irreversible/‘hard’ genetic lesions. Such MHC class I recovery approaches might well synergize with complementary forms of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Garrido
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Biologia Molecular III e Inmunologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, UGC de Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigacion Biosanitaria de Granada (IBS.Granada), Granada, Spain.
| | - Natalia Aptsiauri
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, UGC de Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigacion Biosanitaria de Granada (IBS.Granada), Granada, Spain
| | - Elien M Doorduijn
- Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Angel M Garcia Lora
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, UGC de Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigacion Biosanitaria de Granada (IBS.Granada), Granada, Spain
| | - Thorbald van Hall
- Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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32
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Oliveira CC, van Hall T. Alternative Antigen Processing for MHC Class I: Multiple Roads Lead to Rome. Front Immunol 2015; 6:298. [PMID: 26097483 PMCID: PMC4457021 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The well described conventional antigen-processing pathway is accountable for most peptides that end up in MHC class I molecules at the cell surface. These peptides experienced liberation by the proteasome and transport by the peptide transporter TAP. However, there are multiple roads that lead to Rome, illustrated by the increasing number of alternative processing pathways that have been reported during last years. Interestingly, TAP-deficient individuals do not succumb to viral infections, suggesting that CD8 T cell immunity is sufficiently supported by alternative TAP-independent processing pathways. To date, a diversity of viral and endogenous TAP-independent peptides have been identified in the grooves of different MHC class I alleles. Some of these peptides are not displayed by normal TAP-positive cells and we therefore called them TEIPP, for “T-cell epitopes associated with impaired peptide processing.” TEIPPs are hidden self-antigens, are derived from normal housekeeping proteins, and are processed via unconventional processing pathways. Per definition, TEIPPs are presented via TAP-independent pathways, but recent data suggest that part of this repertoire still depend on proteasome and metalloprotease activity. An exception is the C-terminal peptide of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-membrane-spanning ceramide synthase Trh4 that is surprisingly liberated by the signal peptide peptidase (SPP), the proteolytic enzyme involved in cleaving leader sequences. The intramembrane cleaving SPP is thereby an important contributor of TAP-independent peptides. Its family members, like the Alzheimer’s related presenilins, might contribute as well, according to our preliminary data. Finally, alternative peptide routing is an emerging field and includes processes like the unfolded protein response, the ER-associated degradation, and autophagy-associated vesicular pathways. These data convince us that there is a world to be discovered in the field of unconventional antigen processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia C Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Thorbald van Hall
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , Netherlands
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Oliveira CC, Sluijter M, Querido B, Ossendorp F, van der Burg SH, van Hall T. Dominant contribution of the proteasome and metalloproteinases to TAP-independent MHC-I peptide repertoire. Mol Immunol 2014; 62:129-36. [PMID: 24983205 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Tumors frequently display defects in the MHC-I antigen processing machinery, such as deficiency of the peptide transporter TAP. Interestingly, the residual peptide repertoire contains neo-antigens which are not presented by processing-proficient cells. We termed these immunogenic peptides TEIPP ('T-cell epitopes associated with impaired peptide processing') and were interested to unravel their TAP-independent processing pathways. With an array of chemical inhibitors we assessed the participation of numerous proteases to TAP-independent peptides and found that the previously described catalytic enzymes signal peptidase and furin contributed in a cell-type and MHC-I allele-specific way. In addition, a dominant role for the proteasome and metallopeptidases was observed. These findings raised the question how these proteasome products get access to MHC-I molecules. A novel TEIPP peptide-epitope that represented this intracellular route revealed that the lysosomal peptide transporter ABCB9 ('TAP-like') was dispensable for its presentation. Interestingly, prevention of endolysosomal vesicle acidification by bafilomycin enhanced the surface display of this TEIPP peptide, suggesting that this proteasome-dependent pathway intersects endolysosomes and that these antigens are merely destroyed there. In conclusion, the proteasome has a surprisingly dominant role in shaping the TAP-independent MHC-I peptide repertoire and some of these antigens might be targeted to the endocytic vesicular pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia C Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marjolein Sluijter
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca Querido
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ferry Ossendorp
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd H van der Burg
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thorbald van Hall
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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