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Dahmani M, Zhu JC, Cook JH, Riley SP. Anaphylatoxin signaling activates macrophages to control intracellular Rickettsia proliferation. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0253823. [PMID: 37855623 PMCID: PMC10714731 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02538-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Pathogenic Rickettsia species are extremely dangerous bacteria that grow within the cytoplasm of host mammalian cells. In most cases, these bacteria are able to overpower the host cell and grow within the protected environment of the cytoplasm. However, a dramatic conflict occurs when Rickettsia encounter innate immune cells; the bacteria can "win" by taking over the host, or the bacteria can "lose" if the host cell efficiently fights the infection. This manuscript examines how the immune complement system is able to detect the presence of Rickettsia and alert nearby cells. Byproducts of complement activation called anaphylatoxins are signals that "activate" innate immune cells to mount an aggressive defensive strategy. This study enhances our collective understanding of the innate immune reaction to intracellular bacteria and will contribute to future efforts at controlling these dangerous infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Dahmani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland-College Park, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Jinyi C. Zhu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland-College Park, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Jack H. Cook
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland-College Park, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Sean P. Riley
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland-College Park, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, College Park, Maryland, USA
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2
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Guo L, Yin X, Liu Q. Fecal microbiota transplantation reduces mouse mortality from Listeria monocytogenes infection. Microb Pathog 2023; 178:106036. [PMID: 36813004 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a food bacterium with strong pathogenicity which causes infections via the gastrointestinal tract. Mechanisms by which gut microbiota (GM) resist microbial infections have received little attention. Eight-week-old mice were orally inoculated with wild-type Lm EGD-e and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) employed. GM richness and diversity of infected mice changed rapidly within 24h. Firmicutes class decreased and Bacteroidetes, Tenericutes and Ruminococcaceae increased significantly. Coprococcus, Blautia and Eubacterium also increased on the 3rd day post-infection. Moreover, GM transplanted from healthy mice reduced mortality of infected mice by approximately 32%. FMT treatment decreased production of TNFα, IFN-γ, IL-1β and IL-6 relative to PBS treatment. In summary, FMT has potential as a treatment against Lm infection and may be used for bacterial resistance management. Further work is required to elucidate the key GM effector molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Guo
- Zaozhuang University, Shandong, 277160, China; School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | | | - Qing Liu
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
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3
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Zhu P, Ke ZR, Chen JX, Li SJ, Ma TL, Fan XL. Advances in mechanism and regulation of PANoptosis: Prospects in disease treatment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1120034. [PMID: 36845112 PMCID: PMC9948402 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1120034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PANoptosis, a new research hotspot at the moment, is a cell death pattern in which pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis all occur in the same cell population. In essence, PANoptosis is a highly coordinated and dynamically balanced programmed inflammatory cell death pathway that combines the main features of pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis. Many variables, such as infection, injury, or self-defect, may be involved in the occurrence of PANoptosis, with the assembly and activation of the PANoptosome being the most critical. PANoptosis has been linked to the development of multiple systemic diseases in the human body, including infectious diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammatory diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the process of occurrence, the regulatory mechanism of PANoptosis, and its relation to diseases. In this paper, we summarized the differences and relations between PANoptosis and the three types of programmed cell death, and emphatically expounded molecular mechanism and regulatory patterns of PANoptosis, with the expectation of facilitating the application of PANoptosis regulation in disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhu
- XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuo-Ran Ke
- XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing-Xian Chen
- XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shi-Jin Li
- School of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Tian-Liang Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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4
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Wang S, Wang G, Tang YD, Li S, Qin L, Wang M, Yang YB, Gottschalk M, Cai X. Streptococcus suis Serotype 2 Infection Induces Splenomegaly with Splenocyte Apoptosis. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0321022. [PMID: 36287014 PMCID: PMC9769541 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03210-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the damage to the important peripheral immune organ spleen caused by Streptococcus suis infection. In this study, we found that S. suis induced splenomegaly and lymphocyte disruption in spleens of mice. To explore the mechanism of splenic lesions induced by S. suis, we conducted further studies. The results showed that S. suis induced apoptosis in B cells, which is related to the cleavage of caspase-3 and caspase-8, but not the release of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). Thus, S. suis induced apoptosis in the spleen through caspase-dependent and AIF-independent pathways. Inflammation lesions induced in the spleen of infected mice were also investigated; we found macrophages increased in histopathological lesions of infected spleens from 12 h postinoculation to 7 days postinoculation (dpi), and the type of increased macrophages was M1 type by confocal microscopy, which can secrete proinflammatory cytokines. Meanwhile, inflammasome NLRP3 and caspase-1 were activated, and gasdermin D (GSDMD) was cleaved, which causes pyroptosis that may result in the release of numerous proinflammatory cytokines. What's more, the increase of p-JNK and p-p38 indicated that the MAPK pathway was also involved in the proinflammatory responses during S. suis infection, whereas anti-inflammatory responses in spleen were suppressed, with regulatory T cells (Tregs) upregulating at 1 dpi. Taken together, proinflammatory immune responses dominate in early infection, which induce splenomegaly and splenocyte apoptosis. This is the first report of mechanisms associated with S. suis-induced splenic lesions. IMPORTANCE Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is considered an emerging pathogen and represents a threat to humans and animals. The spleen is an important peripheral immune organ, and splenomegaly is a consequence of lesions and an important clinical indicator of S. suis infection. However, knowledge of the mechanisms underlying spleen lesions is still very limited. In the present work, we made the investigation to explain the phenomenon and the related immunomodulation in a mouse infection model. The obtained results show that inflammation contributes to splenomegaly, while apoptosis contributes to lymphocyte disruption in spleens. Related signaling pathways were discovered which have never been associated with S. suis-induced splenic injury. The new knowledge generated will help us better understand the mechanism of S. suis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Yan-Dong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Siqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Menghang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yong-Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xuehui Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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Corcoran JA, Napier BA. C3aR plays both sides in regulating resistance to bacterial infections. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010657. [PMID: 35925892 PMCID: PMC9352106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the complement pathway results in the production of bioactive C3a, a product of C3 cleavage, which interacts with membrane-bound receptor C3aR to regulate innate immune cell function and outcome of bacterial infection. Specifically, previous research has identified mechanistically distinct and cell type–specific roles for C3aR in regulating innate immune cell inflammatory state, antimicrobial killing capacity, and metabolism. Historically, the production of C3a has been relegated to the serum; however, recent studies have provided evidence that various cell types can produce intracellular C3a that stimulates intracellular C3aR. In light of these new results, it is imperative that we revisit previous studies regarding the role of C3aR in controlling bacterial infections and analyze these results in the context of both extracellular and intracellular C3a production and C3aR activation. Thus, this review will cover specific roles of C3aR in driving cell type–specific and tissue specific responses during bacterial infections and emphasize the contribution of the C3a–C3aR axis in regulating host resistance to bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse A. Corcoran
- Department of Biology and Center for Life in Extreme Environments, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Brooke A. Napier
- Department of Biology and Center for Life in Extreme Environments, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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6
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Torp MK, Ranheim T, Schjalm C, Hjorth M, Heiestad C, Dalen KT, Nilsson PH, Mollnes TE, Pischke SE, Lien E, Vaage J, Yndestad A, Stensløkken KO. Intracellular Complement Component 3 Attenuated Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in the Isolated Buffer-Perfused Mouse Heart and Is Associated With Improved Metabolic Homeostasis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:870811. [PMID: 35432387 PMCID: PMC9011808 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.870811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system is rapidly activated during myocardial infarction and blockade of extracellular complement system reduces infarct size. Intracellular complement, however, appears to be closely linked to metabolic pathways and its role in ischemia-reperfusion injury is unknown and may be different from complement activation in the circulation. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of intracellular complement in isolated, retrogradely buffer-perfused hearts and cardiac cells from adult male wild type mice (WT) and from adult male mice with knockout of complement component 3 (C3KO). Main findings: (i) Intracellular C3 protein was expressed in isolated cardiomyocytes and in whole hearts, (ii) after ischemia-reperfusion injury, C3KO hearts had larger infarct size (32 ± 9% in C3KO vs. 22 ± 7% in WT; p=0.008) and impaired post-ischemic relaxation compared to WT hearts, (iii) C3KO cardiomyocytes had lower basal oxidative respiration compared to WT cardiomyocytes, (iv) blocking mTOR decreased Akt phosphorylation in WT, but not in C3KO cardiomyocytes, (v) after ischemia, WT hearts had higher levels of ATP, but lower levels of both reduced and oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH and NAD+, respectively) compared to C3KO hearts. Conclusion: intracellular C3 protected the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury, possibly due to its role in metabolic pathways important for energy production and cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-K. Torp
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: M-K. Torp,
| | - T. Ranheim
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - C. Schjalm
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - M. Hjorth
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - C.M. Heiestad
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - K. T. Dalen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - P. H. Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Linnaeus Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, and the Department of Chemistry and Biomedicine, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - T. E. Mollnes
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Stiftelsen Kristian Gerhard Jebsen (K.G. Jebsen) Inflammation Research Center (IRC), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, and Faculty of Health Sciences, Stiftelsen Kristian Gerhard Jebsen (K.G. Jebsen) Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - S. E. Pischke
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research & Development, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - E. Lien
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Program in Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, UMass Medical School, Worchester, MA, United States
| | - J. Vaage
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research & Development, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - A. Yndestad
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - K-O. Stensløkken
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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7
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Xia X, Chen Y, Xu J, Yu C, Chen W. SRC-3 deficiency protects host from Listeria monocytogenes infection through increasing ROS production and decreasing lymphocyte apoptosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107625. [PMID: 33857803 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is the third major cause of death among food poisoning. Our previous studies have demonstrated that steroid receptor coactivator 3 (SRC-3) plays a critical protective role in host defense against extracellular bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Citrobacter rodentium. However, its role involved in intracellular bacterial pathogen infection remains unclear. Herein, we found that SRC-3-/- mice are more resistant to L. monocytogenes infection after tail intravenous injection with L. monocytogenes compared with wild-type mice. After infecting with L. monocytogenes, SRC-3-/- mice exhibited decreased mortality rate, decreased bacterial load, less body weight loss, less proinflammatory cytokines and less severe tissue damage compared with wild-type mice. SRC-3-/- mice produced more ROS and decreased L. monocytogenes-induced lymphocyte apoptosis. Mechanically, SRC-3-/- mice displayed decreased expressions of negative regulator of ROS (NRROS) and interferon (IFN)-β and its target genes such as Daxx, Mx1 and TRAIL associated with apoptosis. Taken together, SRC-3 deficiency can protect host from L. monocytogenes infection through increasing ROS production and decreasing lymphocyte apoptosis via affecting the expressions of NRROS and IFN-β.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chundong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Wenbo Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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More than a Pore: Nonlytic Antimicrobial Functions of Complement and Bacterial Strategies for Evasion. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2021; 85:85/1/e00177-20. [PMID: 33504655 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00177-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is an evolutionarily ancient defense mechanism against foreign substances. Consisting of three proteolytic activation pathways, complement converges on a common effector cascade terminating in the formation of a lytic pore on the target surface. The classical and lectin pathways are initiated by pattern recognition molecules binding to specific ligands, while the alternative pathway is constitutively active at low levels in circulation. Complement-mediated killing is essential for defense against many Gram-negative bacterial pathogens, and genetic deficiencies in complement can render individuals highly susceptible to infection, for example, invasive meningococcal disease. In contrast, Gram-positive bacteria are inherently resistant to the direct bactericidal activity of complement due to their thick layer of cell wall peptidoglycan. However, complement also serves diverse roles in immune defense against all bacteria by flagging them for opsonization and killing by professional phagocytes, synergizing with neutrophils, modulating inflammatory responses, regulating T cell development, and cross talk with coagulation cascades. In this review, we discuss newly appreciated roles for complement beyond direct membrane lysis, incorporate nonlytic roles of complement into immunological paradigms of host-pathogen interactions, and identify bacterial strategies for complement evasion.
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9
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Gao S, Cui Z, Zhao MH. The Complement C3a and C3a Receptor Pathway in Kidney Diseases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1875. [PMID: 32973774 PMCID: PMC7461857 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of some kidney diseases is closely associated with complement activation, where the C3a/C3a receptor (C3aR) might play a crucial role. C3a/C3aR has dual roles and may exert anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory effects depending on different cell types and diseases. In the kidneys, C3aR is primarily expressed on the tubular epithelium and less in glomerular podocytes. C3aR expression is enhanced and the levels of C3a in the plasma and urine are increased in kidney diseases of several types, and are associated with disease progression and severity. The C3a/C3aR pathway facilitates the progression of glomerular and tubulointerstitial diseases, while it has opposite effects on urinary tract infections. Clinical trials targeting C3a/C3aR in kidney diseases are lacking. Here, we reviewed the studies on the C3a/C3aR pathway in kidney disease, with the aim of understanding in-depth its controversial roles and its potential therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Gao
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Cui
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Hui Zhao
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
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10
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Shivshankar P, Fekry B, Eckel-Mahan K, Wetsel RA. Circadian Clock and Complement Immune System-Complementary Control of Physiology and Pathology? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:418. [PMID: 32923410 PMCID: PMC7456827 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian species contain an internal circadian (i.e., 24-h) clock that is synchronized to the day and night cycles. Large epidemiological studies, which are supported by carefully controlled studies in numerous species, support the idea that chronic disruption of our circadian cycles results in a number of health issues, including obesity and diabetes, defective immune response, and cancer. Here we focus specifically on the role of the complement immune system and its relationship to the internal circadian clock system. While still an incompletely understood area, there is evidence that dysregulated proinflammatory cytokines, complement factors, and oxidative stress can be induced by circadian disruption and that these may feed back into the oscillator at the level of circadian gene regulation. Such a feedback cycle may contribute to impaired host immune response against pathogenic insults. The complement immune system including its activated anaphylatoxins, C3a and C5a, not only facilitate innate and adaptive immune response in chemotaxis and phagocytosis, but they can also amplify chronic inflammation in the host organism. Consequent development of autoimmune disorders, and metabolic diseases associated with additional environmental insults that activate complement can in severe cases, lead to accelerated tissue dysfunction, fibrosis, and ultimately organ failure. Because several promising complement-targeted therapeutics to block uncontrolled complement activation and treat autoimmune diseases are in various phases of clinical trials, understanding fully the circadian properties of the complement system, and the reciprocal regulation by these two systems could greatly improve patient treatment in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Shivshankar
- Research Center for Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Baharan Fekry
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kristin Eckel-Mahan
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Rick A Wetsel
- Research Center for Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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11
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Zheng QY, Liang SJ, Xu F, Yang Y, Feng JL, Shen F, Zhong Y, Wu S, Shu Y, Sun DD, Xu GL. Complement component 3 prevents imiquimod-induced psoriatic skin inflammation by inhibiting apoptosis in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 85:106692. [PMID: 32535539 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Complement component 3 (C3), a pivotal molecule in the complement system, is an essential immune mediator in various diseases, including psoriasis. However, the mechanistic role of C3 in psoriasis pathology and development remains elusive. Here, we showed that C3 deficiency dramatically augmented imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation, characterized by greater epidermal hyperplasia, inflammatory cell infiltration, and inflammatory gene expression than those in wild-type counterparts. In addition, C3 deficiency promoted imiquimod-induced skin cell apoptosis and supported greater proportions of IFN-γ+ T cells in the inflamed tissues. Accordingly, C3 supplement in the C3 deficient mice reduced skin inflammation and cells apoptosis. Moreover, blocking apoptosis with Z-VAD-FMK, a broad caspase inhibitor, markedly attenuated imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation and IFN-γ+ T cell responses in C3-deficient mice. Collectively, our results suggest that C3 prevents imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation by inhibiting apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan-You Zheng
- Department of Urology, the 958th Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Department of Immunology, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shen-Ju Liang
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Immunology, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Jian-Li Feng
- Department of Urology, the 958th Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Fen Shen
- Department of Urology, the 958th Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yu Zhong
- Department of Urology, the 958th Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Department of Immunology, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shun Wu
- Department of Immunology, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yong Shu
- Department of Urology, the 958th Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Dao-Dong Sun
- Department of Urology, the 958th Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Gui-Lian Xu
- Department of Immunology, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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12
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Sartain S, Shubert S, Wu MF, Wang T, Martinez C. The alternative complement pathway activation product Ba as a marker for transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2020; 67:e28070. [PMID: 31774252 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) occurs after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and is characterized by microvascular thrombosis and end-organ injury particularly of the kidneys. TA-TMA is challenging to diagnose and treat, which can lead to long-term complications and death in patients with severe disease. Studies have shown that genetic abnormalities of the alternative complement pathway (AP) are associated with TA-TMA. We hypothesized that patients with TA-TMA may generate elevated levels of the AP activation product, Ba, compared with HSCT patients without TA-TMA. PROCEDURE We longitudinally measured plasma levels of complement activation products C3a, Ba, and C5a in 14 HSCT patients: 7 with TA-TMA and 7 without TA-TMA. We assessed renal function by calculating estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and correlated the extent of AP activation with renal dysfunction in both patient populations. RESULTS The median days from HSCT to study enrollment were 154 (39-237) in the TA-TMA group and 84 (39-253) in the HSCT group without TA-TMA. Median Ba levels (ng/mL) at enrollment were 1096.9 (826.5-1562.0) in the TA-TMA group and 725.7 (494.7-818.9) in the HSCT group without TA-TMA (P = 0.007). Over the study duration, Ba levels inversely correlated with eGFR. There were no differences in C3a, C5a, or sC5b9 levels between the two populations at any measured interval. CONCLUSIONS We conclude in this preliminary study that Ba protein may serve as a marker for TA-TMA, and furthermore, that components generated in the early phase of AP activation may be involved in the pathogenesis of renal endothelial injury in TA-TMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Sartain
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Stacey Shubert
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Meng-Fen Wu
- Biostatistics Shared Resource, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Tao Wang
- Biostatistics Shared Resource, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Caridad Martinez
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
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13
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Kulkarni HS, Elvington ML, Perng YC, Liszewski MK, Byers DE, Farkouh C, Yusen RD, Lenschow DJ, Brody SL, Atkinson JP. Intracellular C3 Protects Human Airway Epithelial Cells from Stress-associated Cell Death. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 60:144-157. [PMID: 30156437 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0405oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system provides host defense against pathogens and environmental stress. C3, the central component of complement, is present in the blood and increases in BAL fluid after injury. We recently discovered that C3 is taken up by certain cell types and cleaved intracellularly to C3a and C3b. C3a is required for CD4+ T-cell survival. These observations made us question whether complement operates at environmental interfaces, particularly in the respiratory tract. We found that airway epithelial cells (AECs, represented by both primary human tracheobronchial cells and BEAS-2B [cell line]) cultured in C3-free media were unique from other cell types in that they contained large intracellular stores of de novo synthesized C3. A fraction of this protein reduced ("storage form") but the remainder did not, consistent with it being pro-C3 ("precursor form"). These two forms of intracellular C3 were absent in CRISPR knockout-induced C3-deficient AECs and decreased with the use of C3 siRNA, indicating endogenous generation. Proinflammatory cytokine exposure increased both stored and secreted forms of C3. Furthermore, AECs took up C3 from exogenous sources, which mitigated stress-associated cell death (e.g., from oxidative stress or starvation). C3 stores were notably increased within AECs in lung tissues from individuals with different end-stage lung diseases. Thus, at-risk cells furnish C3 through biosynthesis and/or uptake to increase locally available C3 during inflammation, while intracellularly, these stores protect against certain inducers of cell death. These results establish the relevance of intracellular C3 to airway epithelial biology and suggest novel pathways for complement-mediated host protection in the airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrishikesh S Kulkarni
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and.,2 Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Michelle L Elvington
- 2 Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Yi-Chieh Perng
- 2 Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - M Kathryn Liszewski
- 2 Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Derek E Byers
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Christopher Farkouh
- 2 Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Roger D Yusen
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Deborah J Lenschow
- 2 Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - John P Atkinson
- 2 Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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14
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Muenstermann M, Strobel L, Klos A, Wetsel RA, Woodruff TM, Köhl J, Johswich KO. Distinct roles of the anaphylatoxin receptors C3aR, C5aR1 and C5aR2 in experimental meningococcal infections. Virulence 2019; 10:677-694. [PMID: 31274379 PMCID: PMC6650196 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2019.1640035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system is pivotal in the defense against invasive disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis (Nme, meningococcus), particularly via the membrane attack complex. Complement activation liberates the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a, which activate three distinct G-protein coupled receptors, C3aR, C5aR1 and C5aR2 (anaphylatoxin receptors, ATRs). We recently discovered that C5aR1 exacerbates the course of the disease, revealing a downside of complement in Nme sepsis. Here, we compared the roles of all three ATRs during mouse nasal colonization, intraperitoneal infection and human whole blood infection with Nme. Deficiency of complement or ATRs did not alter nasal colonization, but significantly affected invasive disease: Compared to WT mice, the disease was aggravated in C3ar-/- mice, whereas C5ar1-/- and C5ar2-/- mice showed increased resistance to meningococcal sepsis. Surprisingly, deletion of either of the ATRs resulted in lower cytokine/chemokine responses, irrespective of the different susceptibilities of the mice. This was similar in ex vivo human whole blood infection using ATR inhibitors. Neutrophil responses to Nme were reduced in C5ar1-/- mouse blood. Upon stimulation with C5a plus Nme, mouse macrophages displayed reduced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, when C5aR1 or C5aR2 were ablated or inhibited, suggesting that both C5a-receptors prime an initial macrophage response to Nme. Finally, in vivo blockade of C5aR1 alone (PMX205) or along with C5aR2 (A8Δ71-73) resulted in ameliorated disease, whereas neither antagonizing C3aR (SB290157) nor its activation with a "super-agonist" peptide (WWGKKYRASKLGLAR) demonstrated a benefit. Thus, C5aR1 and C5aR2 augment disease pathology and are interesting targets for treatment, whereas C3aR is protective in experimental meningococcal sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Muenstermann
- Institut für Hygiene und Mikrobiologie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lea Strobel
- Institut für Hygiene und Mikrobiologie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Klos
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Krankenhaushygiene, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rick A. Wetsel
- Institute of Molecular Medicine Center for Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Trent M. Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jörg Köhl
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kay O. Johswich
- Institut für Hygiene und Mikrobiologie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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15
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Mueller-Ortiz SL, Shivshankar P, Wetsel RA. The Second Receptor for C5a, C5aR2, Is Detrimental to Mice during Systemic Infection with Listeria monocytogenes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:2701-2711. [PMID: 31597707 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Infection with Listeria monocytogenes is acquired through ingestion of contaminated foods and may lead to systemic infection and possible death, with an overall 20% mortality rate. Our previous work using C5aR1-/- mice and C3aR-/- mice demonstrated that C5aR1 and C3aR both play powerful anti-inflammatory and prosurvival roles during systemic infection with L. monocytogenes In our current study, we have examined the role of the third anaphylatoxin receptor, C5aR2, in the host immune response to systemic L. monocytogenes infection. C5aR2-/- mice had significantly lower bacterial burdens in the spleens and livers on both day 1 and 3 postinfection compared with C5aR2+/+ mice. The decreased bacterial burdens in the C5aR2-/- mice correlated with less liver damage and with improved survival of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the spleen on day 3 postinfection compared with C5aR2+/+ mice. C5aR2-/- mice also produced significantly less G-CSF, IL-6, and MCP-1 in the serum, spleen, and liver on day 1 postinfection compared with C5aR2+/+ mice. C5aR2-/- and C5aR2+/+ mice produced similar amounts of IFN-γ in their spleens on day 1 postinfection. Purified naive splenocytes from C5aR2-/- mice produced significantly more IFN-γ and IL-12p70 during in vitro infection with L. monocytogenes compared with splenocytes from C5aR2+/+ mice in an NF-κB-dependent manner. Induction of IL-12 and IFN-γ early during infection with L. monocytogenes is protective to the host, and we believe this innate increased ability to produce more IL-12 and IFN-γ provided early protection to the C5aR2-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey L Mueller-Ortiz
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Research Center for Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030; and
| | - Pooja Shivshankar
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Research Center for Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030; and
| | - Rick A Wetsel
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Research Center for Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030; and .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
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16
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D'Orazio SEF. Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses during Listeria monocytogenes Infection. Microbiol Spectr 2019; 7:10.1128/microbiolspec.gpp3-0065-2019. [PMID: 31124430 PMCID: PMC11086964 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.gpp3-0065-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It could be argued that we understand the immune response to infection with Listeria monocytogenes better than the immunity elicited by any other bacteria. L. monocytogenes are Gram-positive bacteria that are genetically tractable and easy to cultivate in vitro, and the mouse model of intravenous (i.v.) inoculation is highly reproducible. For these reasons, immunologists frequently use the mouse model of systemic listeriosis to dissect the mechanisms used by mammalian hosts to recognize and respond to infection. This article provides an overview of what we have learned over the past few decades and is divided into three sections: "Innate Immunity" describes how the host initially detects the presence of L. monocytogenes and characterizes the soluble and cellular responses that occur during the first few days postinfection; "Adaptive Immunity" discusses the exquisitely specific T cell response that mediates complete clearance of infection and immunological memory; "Use of Attenuated Listeria as a Vaccine Vector" highlights the ways that investigators have exploited our extensive knowledge of anti-Listeria immunity to develop cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E F D'Orazio
- University of Kentucky, Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, Lexington, KY 40536-0298
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17
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Wu KY, Zhang T, Zhao GX, Ma N, Zhao SJ, Wang N, Wang JX, Li ZF, Zhou W, Li K. The C3a/C3aR axis mediates anti-inflammatory activity and protects against uropathogenic E coli-induced kidney injury in mice. Kidney Int 2019; 96:612-627. [PMID: 31133456 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Both the C3a/C3aR and C5a/C5aR1 axes are regarded as important pathways for inducing and regulating inflammatory responses. It is well documented that the C5a/C5aR1 axis is a potent inflammatory mediator in the pathogenesis of many clinic disorders. However, our understanding of the role of the C3a/C3aR axis in renal disorders remains limited. Contrary to the C5a/C5aR axis, we now show that the C3a/C3aR axis has a protective role in uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC)-induced renal injury. C3aR-/- mice were found to develop severe renal pathology compared to wild type mice, a pathology characterized by intense tissue damage and an increased bacterial load within the kidney. This was associated with an overwhelming production of pro-inflammatory mediators and increased neutrophil infiltration in the kidney. Bone marrow chimera experiments found that tissue damage and bacterial load were significantly reduced in C3aR-/- mice that received bone marrow from wild type mice, compared with that in mice re-populated with bone marrow from C3aR-/- mice. This supports a critical role for C3aR on myeloid cells in the pathological process. Pharmacological treatment of mice with a C3aR agonist reduced both the extent of tissue injury and bacterial load. Mechanistic analyses indicated that the C3a/C3aR axis downregulates the lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory responses in macrophages and facilitates the phagocytosis of UPEC by phagocytes. Thus, our findings clearly demonstrate a protective role of the C3a/C3aR axis in UPEC-induced renal injury, conferred by the suppression of pro-inflammatory responses and enhanced phagocytosis by macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Yi Wu
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guo-Xiu Zhao
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shu-Juan Zhao
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Na Wang
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jia-Xing Wang
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zong-Fang Li
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wuding Zhou
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, UK.
| | - Ke Li
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; National Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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18
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Zha H, Wang X, Zhu Y, Chen D, Han X, Yang F, Gao J, Hu C, Shu C, Feng Y, Tan Y, Zhang J, Li Y, Wan YY, Guo B, Zhu B. Intracellular Activation of Complement C3 Leads to PD-L1 Antibody Treatment Resistance by Modulating Tumor-Associated Macrophages. Cancer Immunol Res 2018; 7:193-207. [PMID: 30514794 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Complement aids in the construction of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Tumor cell-derived C3 has been previously reported, but whether and how it acts on antitumor immunity remains to be elucidated. Here, we describe a mechanism for tumor cell-derived C3 in suppressing antitumor immunity. Tumor cell-derived C3 was activated intracellularly, which results in generation of C3a. C3a modulated tumor-associated macrophages via C3a-C3aR-PI3Kγ signaling, thereby repressing antitumor immunity. Deletion of C3 in tumor cells that had high C3 expression enhanced efficacy of anti-PD-L1 treatment. Collectively, our results suggest tumor cell-derived C3 may be a useful target for cancer immunotherapy and that targeting C3 in tumor cells may enhance antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zha
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Diangang Chen
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Han
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jianbao Gao
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Hu
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Chi Shu
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yi Feng
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yulong Tan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Clinical Medicine Research Center and Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yisong Y Wan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North California
| | - Bo Guo
- Maternal and Child Health Research Institute, Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, P.R. China.
| | - Bo Zhu
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, P.R. China
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19
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Wang G, Liu Q, Guo L, Zeng H, Ding C, Zhang W, Xu D, Wang X, Qiu J, Dong Q, Fan Z, Zhang Q, Pan J. Gut Microbiota and Relevant Metabolites Analysis in Alcohol Dependent Mice. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1874. [PMID: 30158912 PMCID: PMC6104187 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol abuse is a major public health crisis. Relative evidences supported that the gut microbiota (GM) played an important role in central nervous system (CNS) function, and the composition of them had changed after alcohol drinking. We sought to explore the changes of GM in alcohol dependence. In our study, the GM of mice with alcohol administration was detected through analyzed 16S rRNA gene sequencing and the fecal metabolites were analyzed by LC-MS. The microbial diversity was significantly higher in the alcohol administration group, the abundance of phylum Firmicutes and its class Clostridiales were elevated, meanwhile the abundance of Lachnospiraceae, Alistipes, and Odoribacter showed significant differences among the three groups. Based on LC-MS results, bile acid, secondary bile acid, serotonin and taurine level had varying degrees of changes in alcohol model. From paraffin sections, tissue damage was observed in liver and colon. These findings provide direct evidence that alcohol intake affects the composition of GM, enable a better understanding of the function of GM in the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis, and give a new thought for alcohol addiction treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhao Wang
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Liu
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Liang Guo
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Haijuan Zeng
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengchao Ding
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wentong Zhang
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongpo Xu
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingxuan Qiu
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingli Dong
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziquan Fan
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Pan
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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20
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Complement links platelets to innate immunity. Semin Immunol 2018; 37:43-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Sartain SE, Turner NA, Moake JL. Brain microvascular endothelial cells exhibit lower activation of the alternative complement pathway than glomerular microvascular endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:7195-7208. [PMID: 29555686 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) and bone marrow transplantation-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) are associated with excessive activation of the alternative complement pathway (AP) and with severe renal, but rarely cerebral, microvascular damage. Here, we compared AP activation and regulation in human glomerular and brain microvascular endothelial cells (GMVECs and BMVECs, respectively) unstimulated or stimulated by the proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Compared with GMVECs and under both experimental conditions, BMVECs had increased gene expression of the AP-related genes C3, CFB, and C5 and decreased expression of CFD This was associated with increased expression in BMVECs (relative to GMVECs) of the genes for surface and soluble regulatory molecules (CD46, THBD, CD55, CFI, and CFH) suppressing formation of the AP C3 and C5 convertases. Of note, unlike GMVECs, BMVECs generated extremely low levels of C3a and C5a and displayed decreased activation of the AP (as measured by a lower percentage of Ba generation than GMVECs). Moreover, BMVECs exhibited increased function of CD141, mediating activation of the natural anticoagulant protein C, compared with GMVECs. We also found that the C3a receptor (C3aR) is present on both cell types and that TNF greatly increases C3AR1 expression in GMVECs, but only slightly in BMVECs. Higher AP activation and C3a generation in GMVECs than in BMVECs, coupled with an increase in C3aR production in TNF-stimulated GMVECs, provides a possible explanation for the predominance of renal damage, and the absence of cerebral injury, in individuals with episodes of aHUS and TA-TMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Sartain
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030.
| | - Nancy A Turner
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005
| | - Joel L Moake
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005
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22
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Lou J, Li X, Huang W, Liang J, Zheng M, Xu T, Lyu J, Li D, Xu Q, Jin X, Fu G, Wang D, Lu L. SNX10 promotes phagosome maturation in macrophages and protects mice against Listeria monocytogenes infection. Oncotarget 2017; 8:53935-53947. [PMID: 28903313 PMCID: PMC5589552 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes), which is a facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen that causes listeriosis, is widely used to study the mammalian immune response to infection. After phagocytosis by professional phagocytes, L. monocytogenes is initially contained within phagosomes, which mature into phagolysosomes, where the bacteria are degraded. Although phagocytosis and subsequent phagosome maturation is essential for the clearance of infectious microbial pathogens, the underlying regulatory mechanisms are still unclear. SNX10 (Sorting nexin 10) has the simplest structure of the SNX family and has been reported to regulate endosomal morphology, which might be crucial for macrophage function, including phagocytosis and digestion of pathogens, inflammatory response, and antigen presentation. Our results showed that SNX10 expression was upregulated following L. monocytogenes infection in macrophages. It was also revealed that SNX10 promoted phagosome maturation by recruiting the Mon1-Ccz1 complex to endosomes and phagosomes. As a result, SNX10 deficiency decreased the bacterial killing ability of macrophages, and SNX10-deficient mice showed increased susceptibility to L. monocytogenes infection in vivo. Thus, this study revealed an essential role of SNX10 in controlling bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lou
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiawei Li
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Liang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingzhu Zheng
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Lyu
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qin Xu
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuexiao Jin
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guotong Fu
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Di Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linrong Lu
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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23
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Recent progress in the understanding of complement activation and its role in tumor growth and anti-tumor therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:446-456. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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24
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Mueller-Ortiz SL, Calame DG, Shenoi N, Li YD, Wetsel RA. The Complement Anaphylatoxins C5a and C3a Suppress IFN-β Production in Response to Listeria monocytogenes by Inhibition of the Cyclic Dinucleotide-Activated Cytosolic Surveillance Pathway. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:3237-3244. [PMID: 28275134 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an intracellular Gram-positive bacterium that induces expression of type I IFNs (IFN-α/IFN-β) during infection. These cytokines are detrimental to the host during infection by priming leukocytes to undergo L. monocytogenes-mediated apoptosis. Our previous studies showed that C5aR1-/- and C3aR-/- mice are highly susceptible to L. monocytogenes infection as a result of increased IFN-β-mediated apoptosis of major leukocyte cell populations, including CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. However, the mechanisms by which C3a and C5a modulate IFN-β expression during L. monocytogenes infection were not examined in these initial investigations. Accordingly, we report in this article that C5a and C3a suppress IFN-β production in response to L. monocytogenes via cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP), a secondary messenger molecule of L. monocytogenes, in J774A.1 macrophage-like cells and in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). Moreover, C5a and C3a suppress IFN-β production by acting through their respective receptors, because no inhibition was seen in C5aR1-/- or C3aR-/- BMDCs, respectively. C5a and C3a suppress IFN-β production in a manner that is dependent on Bruton's tyrosine kinase, p38 MAPK, and TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), as demonstrated by the individual use of Bruton's tyrosine kinase, p38 MAPK, and TBK1 inhibitors. Pretreatment of cells with C5a and C3a reduced the expression of the IFN-β signaling molecules DDX41, STING, phosphorylated TBK1, and phosphorylated p38 MAPK in wild-type BMDCs following treatment with c-di-AMP. Collectively, these data demonstrate that C3a and C5a, via direct signaling through their specific receptors, suppress IFN-β expression by modulation of a distinct innate cytosolic surveillance pathway involving DDX41, STING, and other downstream molecular targets of L. monocytogenes-generated c-di-AMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey L Mueller-Ortiz
- Research Center for Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030; and
| | - Daniel G Calame
- Research Center for Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030; and
| | - Nancy Shenoi
- Research Center for Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030; and
| | - Yi-Dong Li
- Research Center for Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030; and
| | - Rick A Wetsel
- Research Center for Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030; and .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030
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25
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Hawksworth OA, Coulthard LG, Woodruff TM. Complement in the fundamental processes of the cell. Mol Immunol 2016; 84:17-25. [PMID: 27894513 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Once regarded solely as an activator of innate immunity, it is now clear that the complement system acts in an assortment of cells and tissues, with immunity only one facet of a diverse array of functions under the influence of the complement proteins. Throughout development, complement activity has now been demonstrated from early sperm-egg interactions in fertilisation, to regulation of epiboly and organogenesis, and later in refinement of cerebral synapses. Complement has also been shown to regulate homeostasis of adult tissues, controlling cell processes such as migration, survival, repair, and regeneration. Given the continuing emergence of such novel actions of complement, the existing research likely represents only a fraction of the myriad of functions of this complex family of proteins. This review is focussed on outlining the current knowledge of complement family members in the regulation of cell processes in non-immune systems. It is hoped this will spur research directed towards revealing more about the role of complement in these fundamental cell processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen A Hawksworth
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia; Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Liam G Coulthard
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Australia; Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Australia
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia.
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26
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Calame DG, Mueller-Ortiz SL, Wetsel RA. Innate and adaptive immunologic functions of complement in the host response to Listeria monocytogenes infection. Immunobiology 2016; 221:1407-1417. [PMID: 27476791 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a leading cause of foodborne-illness associated mortality that has attracted considerable attention in recent years due to several significant outbreaks. It has also served as a model organism for the study of intracellular pathogens. For these reasons the host response to L. monocytogenes has long been the subject of investigation. A potent innate and adaptive immune response is required for containment and clearance of L. monocytogenes. However, some elements of this response, such as type 1 interferons, can be detrimental to the host. Recent studies have revealed novel functions for the complement system, an ancient arm of innate immunity, in this process. Here we review the role of complement in the host response to L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Calame
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States; University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Stacey L Mueller-Ortiz
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Rick A Wetsel
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
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27
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Whole-genome sequencing of the endangered bovine species Gayal (Bos frontalis) provides new insights into its genetic features. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19787. [PMID: 26806430 PMCID: PMC4726396 DOI: 10.1038/srep19787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gayal (Bos frontalis) is a semi-wild and endangered bovine species that differs from domestic cattle (Bos taurus and Bos indicus), and its genetic background remains unclear. Here, we performed whole-genome sequencing of one Gayal for the first time, with one Red Angus cattle and one Japanese Black cattle as controls. In total, 97.8 Gb of sequencing reads were generated with an average 11.78-fold depth and >98.44% coverage of the reference sequence (UMD3.1). Numerous different variations were identified, 62.24% of the total single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) detected in Gayal were novel, and 16,901 breed-specific nonsynonymous SNPs (BS-nsSNPs) that might be associated with traits of interest in Gayal were further investigated. Moreover, the demographic history of bovine species was first analyzed, and two population expansions and two population bottlenecks were identified. The obvious differences among their population sizes supported that Gayal was not B. taurus. The phylogenic analysis suggested that Gayal was a hybrid descendant from crossing of male wild gaur and female domestic cattle. These discoveries will provide valuable genomic information regarding potential genomic markers that could predict traits of interest for breeding programs of these cattle breeds and may assist relevant departments with future conservation and utilization of Gayal.
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28
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29
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Applying complement therapeutics to rare diseases. Clin Immunol 2015; 161:225-40. [PMID: 26341313 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Around 350 million people worldwide suffer from rare diseases. These may have a genetic, infectious, or autoimmune basis, and several include an inflammatory component. Launching of effective treatments can be very challenging when there is a low disease prevalence and limited scientific insights into the disease mechanisms. As a key trigger of inflammatory processes, complement has been associated with a variety of diseases and has become an attractive therapeutic target for conditions involving inflammation. In view of the clinical experience acquired with drugs licensed for the treatment of rare diseases such as hereditary angioedema and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, growing evidence supports the safety and efficacy of complement therapeutics in restoring immune balance and preventing aggravation of clinical outcomes. This review provides an overview of the candidates currently in the pharmaceutical pipeline with potential to treat orphan diseases and discusses the molecular mechanisms triggered by complement involved with the disease pathogenesis.
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30
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Merle NS, Noe R, Halbwachs-Mecarelli L, Fremeaux-Bacchi V, Roumenina LT. Complement System Part II: Role in Immunity. Front Immunol 2015; 6:257. [PMID: 26074922 PMCID: PMC4443744 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 643] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system has been considered for a long time as a simple lytic cascade, aimed to kill bacteria infecting the host organism. Nowadays, this vision has changed and it is well accepted that complement is a complex innate immune surveillance system, playing a key role in host homeostasis, inflammation, and in the defense against pathogens. This review discusses recent advances in the understanding of the role of complement in physiology and pathology. It starts with a description of complement contribution to the normal physiology (homeostasis) of a healthy organism, including the silent clearance of apoptotic cells and maintenance of cell survival. In pathology, complement can be a friend or a foe. It acts as a friend in the defense against pathogens, by inducing opsonization and a direct killing by C5b–9 membrane attack complex and by triggering inflammatory responses with the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a. Opsonization plays also a major role in the mounting of an adaptive immune response, involving antigen presenting cells, T-, and B-lymphocytes. Nevertheless, it can be also an enemy, when pathogens hijack complement regulators to protect themselves from the immune system. Inadequate complement activation becomes a disease cause, as in atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, C3 glomerulopathies, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Age-related macular degeneration and cancer will be described as examples showing that complement contributes to a large variety of conditions, far exceeding the classical examples of diseases associated with complement deficiencies. Finally, we discuss complement as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas S Merle
- UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM , Paris , France ; UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France ; UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06 , Paris , France
| | - Remi Noe
- UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM , Paris , France ; UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France ; UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06 , Paris , France ; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) , Paris , France
| | - Lise Halbwachs-Mecarelli
- UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM , Paris , France ; UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France ; UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06 , Paris , France
| | - Veronique Fremeaux-Bacchi
- UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM , Paris , France ; UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France ; UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06 , Paris , France ; Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou , Paris , France
| | - Lubka T Roumenina
- UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM , Paris , France ; UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France ; UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06 , Paris , France
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31
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Piao C, Cai L, Qiu S, Jia L, Song W, Du J. Complement 5a Enhances Hepatic Metastases of Colon Cancer via Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1-mediated Inflammatory Cell Infiltration. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:10667-76. [PMID: 25739439 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.612622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Complement 5a (C5a), a potent immune mediator generated by complement activation, promotes tumor growth; however, its role in tumor metastasis remains unclear. We demonstrate that C5a contributes to tumor metastases by modulating tumor inflammation in hepatic metastases of colon cancer. Colon cancer cell lines generate C5a under serum-free conditions, and C5a levels increase over time in a murine syngeneic colon cancer hepatic metastasis model. Furthermore, in the absence of C5a receptor or upon pharmacological inhibition of C5a production with an anti-C5 monoclonal antibody, tumor metastasis is severely impaired. A lack of C5a receptor in colon cancer metastatic foci reduces the infiltration of macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells, and the role for C5a receptor on these cells were further verified by bone marrow transplantation experiments. Moreover, C5a signaling increases the expression of the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and the anti-inflammatory molecules arginase-1, interleukin 10, and transforming growth factor β, but is inversely correlated with the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules, which suggests a mechanism for the role of C5a in the inflammatory microenvironment required for tumor metastasis. Our results indicate a new and potentially promising therapeutic application of complement C5a inhibitor for the treatment of malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Piao
- From the Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029 and The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lun Cai
- From the Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029 and
| | - Shulan Qiu
- From the Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029 and
| | - Lixin Jia
- From the Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029 and
| | - Wenchao Song
- From the Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029 and
| | - Jie Du
- From the Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029 and The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
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32
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Calame DG, Mueller-Ortiz SL, Morales JE, Wetsel RA. The C5a anaphylatoxin receptor (C5aR1) protects against Listeria monocytogenes infection by inhibiting type 1 IFN expression. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:5099-107. [PMID: 25297874 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a major cause of mortality resulting from food poisoning in the United States. In mice, C5 has been genetically linked to host resistance to listeriosis. Despite this genetic association, it remains poorly understood how C5 and its activation products, C5a and C5b, confer host protection to this Gram-positive intracellular bacterium. In this article, we show in a systemic infection model that the major receptor for C5a, C5aR1, is required for a normal robust host immune response against L. monocytogenes. In comparison with wild-type mice, C5aR1(-/-) mice had reduced survival and increased bacterial burden in their livers and spleens. Infected C5aR1(-/-) mice exhibited a dramatic reduction in all major subsets of splenocytes, which was associated with elevated caspase-3 activity and increased TUNEL staining. Because type 1 IFN has been reported to impede the host response to L. monocytogenes through the promotion of splenocyte death, we examined the effect of C5aR1 on type 1 IFN expression in vivo. Indeed, serum levels of IFN-α and IFN-β were significantly elevated in L. monocytogenes-infected C5aR1(-/-) mice. Similarly, the expression of TRAIL, a type 1 IFN target gene and a proapoptotic factor, was elevated in NK cells isolated from infected C5aR1(-/-) mice. Treatment of C5aR1(-/-) mice with a type 1 IFNR blocking Ab resulted in near-complete rescue of L. monocytogenes-induced mortality. Thus, these findings reveal a critical role for C5aR1 in host defense against L. monocytogenes through the suppression of type 1 IFN expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Calame
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Research Center for Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030; M.D./Ph.D. Program, University of Texas Medical School at Houston/The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030; and
| | - Stacey L Mueller-Ortiz
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Research Center for Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - John E Morales
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Research Center for Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Rick A Wetsel
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Research Center for Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
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