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Moreno-Sanchez PM, Scafidi A, Salvato I. SUSD2-IL-2 receptor interaction hinders antitumoral CD8 + T-cell activity: Implications for cancer immunotherapy. Allergy 2023; 78:3035-3037. [PMID: 37401528 DOI: 10.1111/all.15804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar M Moreno-Sanchez
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Andrea Scafidi
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Ilaria Salvato
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
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2
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Leoni C, Bataclan M, Ito-Kureha T, Heissmeyer V, Monticelli S. The mRNA methyltransferase Mettl3 modulates cytokine mRNA stability and limits functional responses in mast cells. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3862. [PMID: 37386028 PMCID: PMC10310798 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39614-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are central players in allergy and asthma, and their dysregulated responses lead to reduced quality of life and life-threatening conditions such as anaphylaxis. The RNA modification N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has a prominent impact on immune cell functions, but its role in mast cells remains unexplored. Here, by optimizing tools to genetically manipulate primary mast cells, we reveal that the m6A mRNA methyltransferase complex modulates mast cell proliferation and survival. Depletion of the catalytic component Mettl3 exacerbates effector functions in response to IgE and antigen complexes, both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, deletion of Mettl3 or Mettl14, another component of the methyltransferase complex, lead to the enhanced expression of inflammatory cytokines. By focusing on one of the most affected mRNAs, namely the one encoding the cytokine IL-13, we find that it is methylated in activated mast cells, and that Mettl3 affects its transcript stability in an enzymatic activity-dependent manner, requiring consensus m6A sites in the Il13 3'-untranslated region. Overall, we reveal that the m6A machinery is essential in mast cells to sustain growth and to restrain inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Leoni
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - Marian Bataclan
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Taku Ito-Kureha
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Vigo Heissmeyer
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Research Unit Molecular Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Silvia Monticelli
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
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3
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Nazarova LS, Danilko KV, Malievsky VA, Karimov DO, Bakirov AB, Viktorova TV. Interaction Of Immune Response Mediator Genes In A Predisposition To Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. RUSSIAN OPEN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.15275/rusomj.2022.0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/objective — The goal of our study was to investigate the role of interaction between the polymorphic loci of immune response mediator genes (TNFA rs1800629, LTA rs909253, IL1B rs16944, IL2-IL21 rs6822844, IL2RA rs2104286, IL6 rs1800795, IL10 rs1800872, MIF rs755622, CTLA4 rs3087243, NFKB1 rs28362491, PTPN22 rs2476601, and PADI4 rs2240336) in the formation of a genetic predisposition to juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Material and Methods — The study involved 330 JIA patients and 342 volunteers from the Republic of Bashkortostan. Genotyping was conducted via the real-time polymerase chain reaction. The gene-gene interactions were studied using the multifactor dimensionality reduction algorithm. Results — In general analysis, the best model of gene-gene interaction in JIA was a combination of IL1B rs16944 – IL10 rs1800872 – NFKB1 rs28362491 – PADI4 rs2240336 polymorphic loci. However, after gender-based stratification the best results were obtained when examining the combinations of IL6 rs1800795 – PADI4 rs2240336 loci in girls and of IL10 rs1800872 – IL6 rs1800795 – IL2RA rs2104286 loci in boys. Within all of these models, the genotype combinations associated with both augmented and reduced JIA risks were identified (taking into account gender-specific differences). Conclusion — The results of our study implied that an important role in the formation of a predisposition to JIA is played by gene-gene interactions of IL1B rs16944, IL2RA rs2104286, IL6 rs1800795, IL10 rs1800872, NFKB1 rs28362491, and PADI4 rs2240336 polymorphic loci (taking into account gender-specific differences).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliia Sh. Nazarova
- Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology; Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | | | | | - Denis O. Karimov
- Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology, Ufa, Russia
| | - Akhat B. Bakirov
- Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology; Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
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4
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Thio CLP, Lai ACY, Ting YT, Chi PY, Chang YJ. The ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate mitigates ILC2-driven airway inflammation by regulating mast cell function. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111437. [PMID: 36170837 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketone bodies are increasingly understood to have regulatory effects on immune cell function, with β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) exerting a predominantly anti-inflammatory response. Dietary strategies to increase endogenous ketone body availability such as the ketogenic diet (KD) have recently been shown to alleviate inflammation of the respiratory tract. However, the role of BHB has not been addressed. Here, we observe that BHB suppresses group 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2)-mediated airway inflammation. Central to this are mast cells, which support ILC2 proliferation through interleukin-2 (IL-2). Suppression of the mast cell/IL-2 axis by BHB attenuates ILC2 proliferation and the ensuing type 2 cytokine response and immunopathology. Mechanistically, BHB directly inhibits mast cell function in part through GPR109A activation. Similar effects are achieved with either the KD or 1,3-butanediol. Our data reveal the protective role of BHB in ILC2-driven airway inflammation, which underscores the potential therapeutic value of ketone body supplementation for the management of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yu-Tse Ting
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei City 115, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Chi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei City 115, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Jen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei City 115, Taiwan; Institute of Translational Medicine and New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung City 404, Taiwan.
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5
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Yin Y, Bai Y, Olivera A, Metcalfe DD. Demonstration and implications of IL-3 upregulation of CD25 expression on human mast cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 149:1392-1401.e6. [PMID: 34506850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD25+ human mast cells (huMCs) have been reported in patients with monoclonal mast cell diseases and in rare association with inflammation. However, the regulation of CD25 expression on huMCs and the possible biologic consequences remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify conditions that would upregulate CD25 expression on huMCs and to explore possible functional implications. METHODS huMCs were cultured from peripheral blood progenitor cells over 6 to 8 weeks. Expression of CD25 was determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and soluble CD25 by ELISA. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) phosphorylation induced by IL-2 in huMCs, regulatory T (Treg) cells, or in cocultured huMCs and Treg cells was examined by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. RESULTS Addition of IL-3 to CD34+ progenitors at the initiation of huMC cultures in the presence of stem cell factor and IL-6 upregulated the expression of CD25 in developing huMCs and resulted in shedding of soluble CD25 into the media. Removal of IL-3 after the first week of culture did not affect subsequent expression of CD25. Furthermore, addition of IL-3 14 days after the initiation of the culture did not induce significant CD25 expression. Treatment with anti-IL-3 antibody or the Janus kinase inhibitor tofacitinib blocked IL-3-induced CD25 upregulation. Binding of IL-2 to CD25+ huMCs did not induce STAT5 phosphorylation. However, coincubation of Treg cells with CD25+ huMCs pretreated with IL-2 was sufficient to result in STAT5 phosphorylation in Treg cells. CONCLUSIONS IL-3 promotes CD25 expression and shedding by huMCs. Although CD25+ huMCs do not respond to IL-2, they bind IL-2 and may act as a reservoir of IL-2 to then activate lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhi Yin
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.
| | - Yun Bai
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Ana Olivera
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Dean D Metcalfe
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
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6
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Drube S, Müller S, Weber F, Wegner P, Böttcher‐Loschinski R, Gaestel M, Hutloff A, Kamradt T, Andreas N. IL-3 is essential for ICOS-L stabilization on mast cells, and sustains the IL-33-induced RORγt + T reg generation via enhanced IL-6 induction. Immunology 2021; 163:86-97. [PMID: 33427298 PMCID: PMC8044339 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-33 is a member of the IL-1 family. By binding to its receptor ST2 (IL-33R) on mast cells, IL-33 induces the MyD88-dependent activation of the TAK1-IKK2 signalling module resulting in activation of the MAP kinases p38, JNK1/2 and ERK1/2, and of NFκB. Depending on the kinases activated in these pathways, the IL-33-induced signalling is essential for production of IL-6 or IL-2. This was shown to control the dichotomy between RORγt+ and Helios+ Tregs , respectively. SCF, the ligand of c-Kit (CD117), can enhance these effects. Here, we show that IL-3, another growth factor for mast cells, is essential for the expression of ICOS-L on BMMCs, and costimulation with IL-3 potentiated the IL-33-induced IL-6 production similar to SCF. In contrast to the enhanced IL-2 production by SCF-induced modulation of the IL-33 signalling, IL-3 blocked the production of IL-2. Consequently, IL-3 shifted the IL-33-induced Treg dichotomy towards RORγt+ Tregs at the expense of RORγt- Helios+ Tregs . However, ICOS-L expression was downregulated by IL-33. In line with that, ICOS-L did not play any important role in the Treg modulation by IL-3/IL-33-activated mast cells. These findings demonstrate that different from the mast cell growth factor SCF, IL-3 can alter the IL-33-induced and mast cell-dependent regulation of Treg subpopulations by modulating mast cell-derived cytokine profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Drube
- Institut für ImmunologieUniversitätsklinikum JenaJenaGermany
| | - Sylvia Müller
- Institut für ImmunologieUniversitätsklinikum JenaJenaGermany
| | - Franziska Weber
- Institut für ImmunologieUniversitätsklinikum JenaJenaGermany
| | - Philine Wegner
- Institut für ImmunologieUniversitätsklinikum JenaJenaGermany
| | | | - Matthias Gaestel
- Institut für ZellbiochemieMedizinische Hochschule HannoverHannoverGermany
| | - Andreas Hutloff
- Institut für Immunologie und Institut für Klinische MolekularbiologieUniversitätsklinikum Schleswig‐HolsteinKielGermany
| | - Thomas Kamradt
- Institut für ImmunologieUniversitätsklinikum JenaJenaGermany
| | - Nico Andreas
- Institut für ImmunologieUniversitätsklinikum JenaJenaGermany
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7
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Culturing cells with mast cell phenotype and function: Comparison of peripheral blood and bone marrow as a source. J Immunol Methods 2021; 495:113061. [PMID: 33933470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2021.113061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on the mechanisms that govern mast cell (MC) functions are hindered by the difficulties in isolating sufficient numbers of these tissue-resident cells. Therefore, many research groups use cultured human MCs obtained out of progenitor cells. However, these culture methods significantly differ regarding primary source material, culture durations and conditions. Consequently, the finally obtained cells are likely to exhibit morphological, phenotypical and/or functional heterogeneity. OBJECTIVE To compare the phenotype and functionality of cells cultured from peripheral blood and bone marrow progenitor cells from patients with suspected clonal MC disease. These cells are designated as PBCMCs and BMCMCs, respectively. METHODS Twenty paired PBCMCs and BMCMCs cultures starting from CD34+ progenitor cells were compared. Cells were cultured for 4 weeks. Phenotyping included Giemsa and CD117 staining and flow cytometric staining for CD117, CD203c, FcεRI, MRGPRX2, CD300a, CD32, CD63 and CD25. Functional assessment included measurement of the up-regulation of CD63 after cross-linking of the high affinity receptor for IgE (FcεRI) with anti-FcεRI and ligation of MRGPRX2 with substance P. RESULTS PBCMCs and BMCMCs are phenotypically comparable. Functionally, after activation with anti-FcεRI and substance P, PBCMCs and BMCMCs show similar up-regulation of the lysosomal degranulation marker CD63. However, the yield of PBCMCs is higher than BMCMs and peripheral blood cultures are purer than bone marrow cultures. CONCLUSION PBCMCs are an attractive alternative to the more difficult to obtain BMCMCs for the exploration of the complex mechanisms that govern IgE- and MRGPRX2-dependent MC activation and degranulation. Unlike BMCMCs, PBCMCs are easily accessible and enable repetitive analyses.
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8
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FcεRI Signaling in the Modulation of Allergic Response: Role of Mast Cell-Derived Exosomes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155464. [PMID: 32751734 PMCID: PMC7432241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are immune cells that act as environment resident sentinels playing a crucial role in Th2-mediated immune responses, including allergic reactions. Distinguishing features of MCs are the presence of numerous cytoplasmic granules that encapsulate a wide array of preformed bio-active molecules and the constitutive expression of the high affinity receptor of IgE (FcεRI). Upon FcεRI engagement by means of IgE and multivalent antigens, aggregated receptors trigger biochemical pathways that ultimately lead to the release of granule-stored and newly synthesized pro-inflammatory mediators. Additionally, MCs are also able to release exosomes either constitutively or upon stimulation. Exosomes are nanosized vesicles of endocytic origin endowed with important immunoregulatory properties, and represent an additional way of intercellular communication. Interestingly, exosomes generated upon FcεRI engagement contain co-stimulatory and adhesion molecules, lipid mediators, and MC-specific proteases, as well as receptor subunits together with IgE and antigens. These findings support the notion that FcεRI signaling plays an important role in influencing the composition and functions of exosomes derived by MCs depending on their activation status.
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9
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Bendickova K, Fric J. Roles of IL-2 in bridging adaptive and innate immunity, and as a tool for cellular immunotherapy. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:427-437. [PMID: 32480431 PMCID: PMC7384134 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5mir0420-055r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-2 was initially characterized as a T cell growth factor in the 1970s, and has been studied intensively ever since. Decades of research have revealed multiple and diverse roles for this potent cytokine, indicating a unique linking role between adaptive and innate arms of the immune system. Here, we review the literature showing that IL-2 is expressed in a plethora of cell types across the immune system, where it has indispensable functions in orchestrating cellular interactions and shaping the nature and magnitude of immune responses. Emerging from the basic research that has revealed the molecular mechanisms and the complexity of the biologic actions of IL-2, several immunotherapeutic approaches have now focused on manipulating the levels of this cytokine in patients. These strategies range from inhibition of IL-2 to achieve immunosuppression, to the application of IL-2 as a vaccine adjuvant and in cancer therapies. This review will systematically summarize the major findings in the field and identify key areas requiring further research in order to realize the potential of IL-2 in the treatment of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Bendickova
- International Clinical Research CenterSt. Anne's University Hospital BrnoBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Jan Fric
- International Clinical Research CenterSt. Anne's University Hospital BrnoBrnoCzech Republic
- Institute of Hematology and Blood TransfusionPragueCzech Republic
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10
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Sockolosky JT, Trotta E, Parisi G, Picton L, Su LL, Le AC, Chhabra A, Silveria SL, George BM, King IC, Tiffany MR, Jude K, Sibener LV, Baker D, Shizuru JA, Ribas A, Bluestone JA, Garcia KC. Selective targeting of engineered T cells using orthogonal IL-2 cytokine-receptor complexes. Science 2018; 359:1037-1042. [PMID: 29496879 DOI: 10.1126/science.aar3246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a cytokine required for effector T cell expansion, survival, and function, especially for engineered T cells in adoptive cell immunotherapy, but its pleiotropy leads to simultaneous stimulation and suppression of immune responses as well as systemic toxicity, limiting its therapeutic use. We engineered IL-2 cytokine-receptor orthogonal (ortho) pairs that interact with one another, transmitting native IL-2 signals, but do not interact with their natural cytokine and receptor counterparts. Introduction of orthoIL-2Rβ into T cells enabled the selective cellular targeting of orthoIL-2 to engineered CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in vitro and in vivo, with limited off-target effects and negligible toxicity. OrthoIL-2 pairs were efficacious in a preclinical mouse cancer model of adoptive cell therapy and may therefore represent a synthetic approach to achieving selective potentiation of engineered cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan T Sockolosky
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Eleonora Trotta
- Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Giulia Parisi
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lora Picton
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Leon L Su
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alan C Le
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, and Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Akanksha Chhabra
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, and Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Stephanie L Silveria
- Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Benson M George
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, and Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Medical Scientist Training Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Indigo C King
- Department of Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Matthew R Tiffany
- Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kevin Jude
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Leah V Sibener
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Immunology Graduate Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Judith A Shizuru
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, and Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Antoni Ribas
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, 1 Letterman Drive, Suite D3500, San Francisco, CA 94129, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Bluestone
- Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, 1 Letterman Drive, Suite D3500, San Francisco, CA 94129, USA
| | - K Christopher Garcia
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. .,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, 1 Letterman Drive, Suite D3500, San Francisco, CA 94129, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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11
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Abstract
DNA methylation and specifically the DNA methyltransferase enzyme DNMT3A are involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of hematological diseases and in regulating the function of immune cells. Although altered DNA methylation patterns and mutations in DNMT3A correlate with mast cell proliferative disorders in humans, the role of DNA methylation in mast cell biology is not understood. By using mast cells lacking Dnmt3a, we found that this enzyme is involved in restraining mast cell responses to acute and chronic stimuli, both in vitro and in vivo. The exacerbated mast cell responses observed in the absence of Dnmt3a were recapitulated or enhanced by treatment with the demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine as well as by down-modulation of Dnmt1 expression, further supporting the role of DNA methylation in regulating mast cell activation. Mechanistically, these effects were in part mediated by the dysregulated expression of the scaffold protein IQGAP2, which is characterized by the ability to regulate a wide variety of biological processes. Altogether, our data demonstrate that DNMT3A and DNA methylation are key modulators of mast cell responsiveness to acute and chronic stimulation.
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12
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Montagner S, Leoni C, Emming S, Della Chiara G, Balestrieri C, Barozzi I, Piccolo V, Togher S, Ko M, Rao A, Natoli G, Monticelli S. TET2 Regulates Mast Cell Differentiation and Proliferation through Catalytic and Non-catalytic Activities. Cell Rep 2016; 15:1566-1579. [PMID: 27160912 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dioxygenases of the TET family impact genome functions by converting 5-methylcytosine (5mC) in DNA to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). Here, we identified TET2 as a crucial regulator of mast cell differentiation and proliferation. In the absence of TET2, mast cells showed disrupted gene expression and altered genome-wide 5hmC deposition, especially at enhancers and in the proximity of downregulated genes. Impaired differentiation of Tet2-ablated cells could be relieved or further exacerbated by modulating the activity of other TET family members, and mechanistically it could be linked to the dysregulated expression of C/EBP family transcription factors. Conversely, the marked increase in proliferation induced by the loss of TET2 could be rescued exclusively by re-expression of wild-type or catalytically inactive TET2. Our data indicate that, in the absence of TET2, mast cell differentiation is under the control of compensatory mechanisms mediated by other TET family members, while proliferation is strictly dependent on TET2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Montagner
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universita' della Svizzera italiana (USI), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Leoni
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universita' della Svizzera italiana (USI), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Emming
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universita' della Svizzera italiana (USI), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Della Chiara
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Balestrieri
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Iros Barozzi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Viviana Piccolo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Susan Togher
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Myunggon Ko
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, UNIST-gil 50, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Anjana Rao
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Gioacchino Natoli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Monticelli
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universita' della Svizzera italiana (USI), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
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