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Sun Y, Xu X, Wu T, Fukuda T, Isaji T, Morii S, Nakano M, Gu J. Core fucosylation within the Fc-FcγR degradation pathway promotes enhanced IgG levels via exogenous L-fucose. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107558. [PMID: 39002669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
α1,6-Fucosyltransferase (Fut8) is the enzyme responsible for catalyzing core fucosylation. Exogenous L-fucose upregulates fucosylation levels through the GDP-fucose salvage pathway. This study investigated the relationship between core fucosylation and immunoglobulin G (IgG) amounts in serum utilizing WT (Fut8+/+), Fut8 heterozygous knockout (Fut8+/-), and Fut8 knockout (Fut8-/-) mice. The IgG levels in serum were lower in Fut8+/- and Fut8-/- mice compared with Fut8+/+ mice. Exogenous L-fucose increased IgG levels in Fut8+/- mice, while the ratios of core fucosylated IgG versus total IgG showed no significant difference among Fut8+/+, Fut8+/-, and Fut8+/- mice treated with L-fucose. These ratios were determined by Western blot, lectin blot, and mass spectrometry analysis. Real-time PCR results demonstrated that mRNA levels of IgG Fc and neonatal Fc receptor, responsible for protecting IgG turnover, were similar among Fut8+/+, Fut8+/-, and Fut8+/- mice treated with L-fucose. In contrast, the expression levels of Fc-gamma receptor Ⅳ (FcγRⅣ), mainly expressed on macrophages and neutrophils, were increased in Fut8+/- mice compared to Fut8+/+ mice. The effect was reversed by administrating L-fucose, suggesting that core fucosylation primarily regulates the IgG levels through the Fc-FcγRⅣ degradation pathway. Consistently, IgG internalization and transcytosis were suppressed in FcγRⅣ-knockout cells while enhanced in Fut8-knockout cells. Furthermore, we assessed the expression levels of specific antibodies against ovalbumin and found they were downregulated in Fut8+/- mice, with potential recovery observed with L-fucose administration. These findings confirm that core fucosylation plays a vital role in regulating IgG levels in serum, which may provide insights into a novel mechanism in adaptive immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Sun
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Xing Xu
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tiangui Wu
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Fukuda
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tomoya Isaji
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Sayaka Morii
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Miyako Nakano
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Jianguo Gu
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
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Sobczak JM, Barkovska I, Balke I, Rothen DA, Mohsen MO, Skrastina D, Ogrina A, Martina B, Jansons J, Bogans J, Vogel M, Bachmann MF, Zeltins A. Identifying Key Drivers of Efficient B Cell Responses: On the Role of T Help, Antigen-Organization, and Toll-like Receptor Stimulation for Generating a Neutralizing Anti-Dengue Virus Response. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:661. [PMID: 38932390 PMCID: PMC11209419 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
T help (Th), stimulation of toll-like receptors (pathogen-associated molecular patterns, PAMPs), and antigen organization and repetitiveness (pathogen-associated structural patterns, PASPs) were shown numerous times to be important in driving B-cell and antibody responses. In this study, we dissected the individual contributions of these parameters using newly developed "Immune-tag" technology. As model antigens, we used eGFP and the third domain of the dengue virus 1 envelope protein (DV1 EDIII), the major target of virus-neutralizing antibodies. The respective proteins were expressed alone or genetically fused to the N-terminal fragment of the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) capsid protein-nCMV, rendering the antigens oligomeric. In a step-by-step manner, RNA was attached as a PAMP, and/or a universal Th-cell epitope was genetically added for additional Th. Finally, a PASP was added to the constructs by displaying the antigens highly organized and repetitively on the surface of CMV-derived virus-like particles (CuMV VLPs). Sera from immunized mice demonstrated that each component contributed stepwise to the immunogenicity of both proteins. All components combined in the CuMV VLP platform induced by far the highest antibody responses. In addition, the DV1 EDIII induced high levels of DENV-1-neutralizing antibodies only if displayed on VLPs. Thus, combining multiple cues typically associated with viruses results in optimal antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M. Sobczak
- Department of Immunology, University Clinic of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (D.A.R.); (M.O.M.); (M.V.); (M.F.B.)
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Irena Barkovska
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (I.B.); (I.B.); (D.S.); (A.O.); (J.J.); (J.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Ina Balke
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (I.B.); (I.B.); (D.S.); (A.O.); (J.J.); (J.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Dominik A. Rothen
- Department of Immunology, University Clinic of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (D.A.R.); (M.O.M.); (M.V.); (M.F.B.)
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mona O. Mohsen
- Department of Immunology, University Clinic of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (D.A.R.); (M.O.M.); (M.V.); (M.F.B.)
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dace Skrastina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (I.B.); (I.B.); (D.S.); (A.O.); (J.J.); (J.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Anete Ogrina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (I.B.); (I.B.); (D.S.); (A.O.); (J.J.); (J.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Byron Martina
- Artemis Bioservices, 2629 JD Delft, The Netherlands;
- Protinhi Therapeutics, 6534 AT Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Juris Jansons
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (I.B.); (I.B.); (D.S.); (A.O.); (J.J.); (J.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Janis Bogans
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (I.B.); (I.B.); (D.S.); (A.O.); (J.J.); (J.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Monique Vogel
- Department of Immunology, University Clinic of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (D.A.R.); (M.O.M.); (M.V.); (M.F.B.)
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin F. Bachmann
- Department of Immunology, University Clinic of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (D.A.R.); (M.O.M.); (M.V.); (M.F.B.)
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Andris Zeltins
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (I.B.); (I.B.); (D.S.); (A.O.); (J.J.); (J.B.); (A.Z.)
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3
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Gupta P, Sághy T, Bollmann M, Jin T, Ohlsson C, Carlsten H, Corciulo C, Engdahl C. Local Immune Activation and Age Impact on Humoral Immunity in Mice, with a Focus on IgG Sialylation. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:479. [PMID: 38793730 PMCID: PMC11125885 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Age alters the host's susceptibility to immune induction. Humoral immunity with circulating antibodies, particularly immunoglobulin G (IgG), plays an essential role in immune response. IgG glycosylation in the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region, including sialylation, is important in regulating the effector function by interacting with Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs). Glycosylation is fundamentally changed with age and inflammatory responses. We aimed to explore the regulation of humoral immunity by comparing responses to antigen-induced immune challenges in young and adult mice using a local antigen-induced arthritis mouse model. This study examines the differences in immune response between healthy and immune-challenged states across these groups. Our initial assessment of the arthritis model indicated that adult mice presented more severe knee swelling than their younger counterparts. In contrast, we found that neither histological assessment, bone mineral density, nor the number of osteoclasts differs. Our data revealed an age-associated but not immune challenge increase in total IgG; the only subtype affected by immune challenge was IgG1 and partially IgG3. Interestingly, the sialylation of IgG2b and IgG3 is affected by age and immune challenges but not stimulated further by immune challenges in adult mice. This suggests a shift in IgG towards a pro-inflammatory and potentially pathogenic state with age and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priti Gupta
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden; (P.G.); (T.S.); (M.B.); (T.J.); (H.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- SciLifeLab, University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tibor Sághy
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden; (P.G.); (T.S.); (M.B.); (T.J.); (H.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- SciLifeLab, University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Miriam Bollmann
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden; (P.G.); (T.S.); (M.B.); (T.J.); (H.C.)
- SciLifeLab, University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden; (P.G.); (T.S.); (M.B.); (T.J.); (H.C.)
- Department of Rheumatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Hans Carlsten
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden; (P.G.); (T.S.); (M.B.); (T.J.); (H.C.)
- Department of Rheumatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carmen Corciulo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Cecilia Engdahl
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden; (P.G.); (T.S.); (M.B.); (T.J.); (H.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- SciLifeLab, University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
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4
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Zimmermann J, van Haren SD, Diray-Arce J, Adriawan IR, Wørzner K, Krog RT, Guleed S, Hu T, Mortensen R, Dietrich J, Solbak SMØ, Levy O, Christensen D, Pedersen GK. Co-adjuvanting DDA/TDB liposomes with a TLR7 agonist allows for IgG2a/c class-switching in the absence of Th1 cells. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:189. [PMID: 38135685 PMCID: PMC10746746 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00781-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Class-switching to IgG2a/c in mice is a hallmark response to intracellular pathogens. T cells can promote class-switching and the predominant pathway for induction of IgG2a/c antibody responses has been suggested to be via stimulation from Th1 cells. We previously formulated CAF®01 (cationic liposomes containing dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA) and Trehalose-6,6-dibehenate (TDB)) with the lipidated TLR7/8 agonist 3M-052 (DDA/TDB/3M-052), which promoted robust Th1 immunity in newborn mice. When testing this adjuvant in adult mice using the recombinant Chlamydia trachomatis (C.t.) vaccine antigen CTH522, it similarly enhanced IgG2a/c responses compared to DDA/TDB, but surprisingly reduced the magnitude of the IFN-γ+Th1 response in a TLR7 agonist dose-dependent manner. Single-cell RNA-sequencing revealed that DDA/TDB/3M-052 liposomes initiated early transcription of class-switch regulating genes directly in pre-germinal center B cells. Mixed bone marrow chimeras further demonstrated that this adjuvant did not require Th1 cells for IgG2a/c switching, but rather facilitated TLR7-dependent T-bet programming directly in B cells. This study underlines that adjuvant-directed IgG2a/c class-switching in vivo can occur in the absence of T-cell help, via direct activation of TLR7 on B cells and positions DDA/TDB/3M-052 as a powerful adjuvant capable of eliciting type I-like immunity in B cells without strong induction of Th1 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Zimmermann
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simon D van Haren
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joann Diray-Arce
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Katharina Wørzner
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ricki T Krog
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Safia Guleed
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tu Hu
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Mortensen
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jes Dietrich
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara M Ø Solbak
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ofer Levy
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gabriel K Pedersen
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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5
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Pitiot A, Ferreira M, Parent C, Boisseau C, Cortes M, Bouvart L, Paget C, Heuzé-Vourc'h N, Sécher T. Mucosal administration of anti-bacterial antibodies provide long-term cross-protection against Pseudomonas aeruginosa respiratory infection. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:312-325. [PMID: 36990281 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial respiratory infections, either acute or chronic, are major threats to human health. Direct mucosal administration, through the airways, of therapeutic antibodies (Abs) offers a tremendous opportunity to benefit patients with respiratory infections. The mode of action of anti-infective Abs relies on pathogen neutralization and crystallizable fragment (Fc)-mediated recruitment of immune effectors to facilitate their elimination. Using a mouse model of acute pneumonia induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, we depicted the immunomodulatory mode of action of a neutralizing anti-bacterial Abs. Beyond the rapid and efficient containment of the primary infection, the Abs delivered through the airways harnessed genuine innate and adaptive immune responses to provide long-term protection, preventing secondary bacterial infection. In vitro antigen-presenting cells stimulation assay, as well as in vivo bacterial challenges and serum transfer experiments indicate an essential contribution of immune complexes with the Abs and pathogen in the induction of the sustained and protective anti-bacterial humoral response. Interestingly, the long-lasting response protected partially against secondary infections with heterologous P. aeruginosa strains. Overall, our findings suggest that Abs delivered mucosally promotes bacteria neutralization and provides protection against secondary infection. This opens novel perspectives for the development of anti-infective Abs delivered to the lung mucosa, to treat respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubin Pitiot
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France; Université de Tours, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Marion Ferreira
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France; Université de Tours, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Christelle Parent
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France; Université de Tours, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Chloé Boisseau
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France; Université de Tours, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Mélanie Cortes
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France; Université de Tours, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Laura Bouvart
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France; Université de Tours, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Christophe Paget
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France; Université de Tours, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Nathalie Heuzé-Vourc'h
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France; Université de Tours, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Thomas Sécher
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France; Université de Tours, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France.
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6
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Correa VA, Portilho AI, De Gaspari E. Immunological Effects of Dimethyldioctadecylammonium Bromide and Saponin as Adjuvants for Outer Membrane Vesicles from Neisseria meningitidis. Diseases 2022; 10:diseases10030046. [PMID: 35892740 PMCID: PMC9326571 DOI: 10.3390/diseases10030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The meningococcal disease is a global health threat, but is preventable through vaccination. Adjuvants improve meningococcal vaccines and are able to trigger different aspects of the immune response. The present work evaluated the immune response of mice against Neisseria meningitidis outer membrane vesicles (OMV) complexed with the adjuvants aluminium hydroxide (AH), via subcutaneous route; and dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA) or Saponin (Sap), via intranasal/subcutaneous routes. ELISA demonstrated that all adjuvants increased IgG titers after the booster dose, remaining elevated for 18 months. Additionally, adjuvants increased the avidity of the antibodies and the bactericidal titer: OMVs alone were bactericidal until 1:4 dilution but, when adjuvanted by Alum, DDA or Sap, it increased to 1/32. DDA and Sap increased all IgG isotypes, while AH improved IgG1 and IgG2a levels. Thus, Sap led to the recognition of more proteins in Immunoblot, followed by DDA and AH. Sap and AH induced higher IL-4 and IL-17 release, respectively. The use of adjuvants improved both cellular and humoral immune response, however, each adjuvant contributed to particular parameters. This demonstrates the importance of studying different adjuvant options and their suitability to stimulate different immune mechanisms, modulating the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Araujo Correa
- Immunology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 355, 11th Floor, Room 1116, Cerqueira César, São Paulo 01246-902, SP, Brazil; (V.A.C.); (A.I.P.)
- Graduate Program Interunits in Biotechnology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, São Paulo University, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, ICB Hall III, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Izeli Portilho
- Immunology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 355, 11th Floor, Room 1116, Cerqueira César, São Paulo 01246-902, SP, Brazil; (V.A.C.); (A.I.P.)
- Graduate Program Interunits in Biotechnology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, São Paulo University, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, ICB Hall III, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth De Gaspari
- Immunology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 355, 11th Floor, Room 1116, Cerqueira César, São Paulo 01246-902, SP, Brazil; (V.A.C.); (A.I.P.)
- Graduate Program Interunits in Biotechnology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, São Paulo University, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, ICB Hall III, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-3068-2898
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7
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Blanas A, Karsjens H, de Ligt A, Huijbers EJ, van Loon K, Denisov SS, Durukan C, Engbersen DJ, Groen J, Hennig S, Hackeng TM, van Beijnum JR, Griffioen AW. Vaccination with a bacterial peptide conjugated to SARS-CoV-2 RBD accelerates immunity and protects against COVID-19. iScience 2022; 25:104719. [PMID: 35813877 PMCID: PMC9252865 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor immunogenicity of critical epitopes can hamper vaccine efficacy. To boost immune recognition of non- or low-immunogenic antigens, we developed a vaccine platform based on the conjugation of a target protein to a chimeric designer peptide (CDP) of bacterial origin. Here, we exploited this immune Boost (iBoost) technology to enhance the immune response against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. Despite its fundamental role during viral infection, RBD is only moderately immunogenic. Immunization studies in mice showed that the conjugation of CDP to RBD induced superior immune responses compared to RBD alone. CDP-RBD elicited cross-reactive antibodies against the variants of concern Delta and Omicron. Furthermore, hamsters vaccinated with CDP-RBD developed potent neutralizing antibody responses and were fully protected from lung lesion formation upon challenge with SARS-CoV-2. In sum, we show that the iBoost conjugate vaccine technology provides a valuable tool for both quantitatively and qualitatively enhancing anti-viral immunity. An iBoost-based CDP-RBD conjugate vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 Induction of potent RBD-specific humoral and cellular responses CDP-RBD vaccination protects hamsters from lung lesion formation
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Blanas
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Haiko Karsjens
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aafke de Ligt
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth J.M. Huijbers
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karlijn van Loon
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stepan S. Denisov
- School for Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Canan Durukan
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jan Groen
- Intravacc, Institute for Translational Vaccinology, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Sven Hennig
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tilman M. Hackeng
- School for Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Arjan W. Griffioen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author
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8
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van Loon K, Huijbers EJM, de Haan JD, Griffioen AW. Cancer Vaccination against Extracellular Vimentin Efficiently Adjuvanted with Montanide ISA 720/CpG. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112593. [PMID: 35681575 PMCID: PMC9179438 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Vaccination against specific proteins in the tumor vasculature has already shown promising results in several preclinical studies. However, the efficacy of vaccination highly depends on the adjuvant used. This study aimed to assess the potential use of the biodegradable adjuvant Montanide ISA 720 in combination with our vaccine against extracellular vimentin, a protein specifically secreted by the tumor vasculature. Compared to the potent but toxic Freund’s adjuvant, Montanide showed a comparable immune response and tumor growth inhibition in a preclinical vaccination experiment in mice, especially when supplemented with the immune stimulatory molecule CpG. We also observed that vaccination reduced the blood vessel count and increased the infiltration of immune cells. We conclude that Montanide ISA 720 shows potential to be used as an adjuvant for vaccination against extracellular vimentin for future clinical studies in cancer patients. Abstract Extracellular vimentin is a specific marker of the tumor vasculature, where it is secreted by tumor endothelial cells. Vaccination with a conjugate vaccine targeting extracellular vimentin was previously shown to induce a potent humoral immune response and tumor growth inhibition in mice. These data were obtained by vaccination using the toxic Freund’s adjuvant (FA) and are therefore not directly translatable into the clinic. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the potential of the biodegradable Montanide ISA 720 adjuvant. We tested Montanide either alone (MN) or supplemented with CpG 1826 (MN-C). Both adjuvant compositions, as well as FA, resulted in a significant tumor growth inhibition and decreased vessel density in the B16F10 melanoma tumor model. Vaccination of mice with either FA or MN-C resulted in an equally potent humoral immune response towards vimentin, while the antibody titers obtained with MN alone were significantly lower compared to FA. Vaccination coincided with the infiltration of immune cells. The highest number of intratumoral immune cells was seen in tumors from the MN-C group. Therefore, we conclude that Montanide ISA 720 supplemented with CpG allows efficient vaccination against extracellular vimentin, which is a prerequisite for the transfer of the vaccine into the clinic.
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Chang X, Krenger P, Krueger CC, Zha L, Han J, Yermanos A, Roongta S, Mohsen MO, Oxenius A, Vogel M, Bachmann MF. TLR7 Signaling Shapes and Maintains Antibody Diversity Upon Virus-Like Particle Immunization. Front Immunol 2022; 12:827256. [PMID: 35126381 PMCID: PMC8807482 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.827256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are used in different marketed vaccines and are able to induce potent antibody responses. The innate pattern recognition receptors TLR7/8 recognize single stranded (ss) RNA naturally packaged into some VLPs and have been shown to enhance the production of IgG antibodies upon immunization. Here we demonstrate that, upon immunization with RNA-loaded bacteriophage-derived VLP Qβ, TLR7 signaling accelerates germinal center formation, promotes affinity/avidity maturation of VLP-specific IgG and isotype switching to IgG2b/2c. These findings extrapolated to antigens displayed on Qβ; as Fel d 1, the major cat allergen, chemically attached to Qβ also induced higher affinity/avidity IgG2b/2c antibodies in a TLR7-dependent fashion. Chimeric mice lacking TLR7-expression exclusively in B cells demonstrated that the enhanced IgG responses were driven by a B cell intrinsic mechanism. Importantly, deep sequencing of the BCR repertoire of antigen-specific B cells demonstrated higher diversity in mice with TLR7 signaling in B cells, suggesting that TLR7-signaling drives BCR repertoire development and diversity. Furthermore, the current data demonstrate that high levels of clonal diversity are reached early in the response and maintained by TLR7 signaling. In conclusion, TLR7 signaling enhances levels and quality of IgG antibodies, and this finding has major implications for vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Chang
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Krenger
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Caroline C. Krueger
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lisha Zha
- International Immunology Centre, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiami Han
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Yermanos
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Salony Roongta
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mona O. Mohsen
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Annette Oxenius
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Monique Vogel
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin F. Bachmann
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- International Immunology Centre, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Martin F. Bachmann,
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Madge HYR, Huang W, Gilmartin L, Rigau-Planella B, Hussein WM, Khalil ZG, Koirala P, Santiago VS, Capon RJ, Toth I, Stephenson RJ. Physical mixture of a cyclic lipopeptide vaccine induced high titres of opsonic IgG antibodies against group A streptococcus. Biomater Sci 2021; 10:281-293. [PMID: 34853841 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01333e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Untreated or reoccurring group A Streptococcus (GAS) infection can lead to a number of post-infection complications, including rheumatic heart disease. There is no licenced vaccine for the treatment or prevention of GAS infection. We identified that a cyclic decapeptide plays a significant positive influence on the adjuvant activity of several lipid-antigen mixtures. Here, three synthetic vaccine components were synthesised: (1) J8-PADRE represents the GAS B cell antigen (J8) conjugated to the universal T helper epitope (PADRE); (2) a synthetic toll like receptor 2 (TLR2) ligand based on a C16 alkyl chain lipid moiety; and (3) a cyclic carrier deca-peptide. Previously, through structure-immune activity investigations, it was observed that a physical mixture of these three components had significantly higher IgG immune responses when compared to a fully conjugated vaccine construct. Expanding the scope of this structure-activity investigation, we show that the presence of the cyclic peptide is required for the induction of a strong, balanced Th1/Th2 immune response when compared with lipid and antigen only, and cyclic lipopeptide plus B/T cell antigen physical mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison Y R Madge
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
| | - Wenbin Huang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
| | - Lachlan Gilmartin
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
| | - Berta Rigau-Planella
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
| | - Waleed M Hussein
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
| | - Zeinab G Khalil
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Prashamsa Koirala
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
| | - Viviene S Santiago
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Robert J Capon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Rachel J Stephenson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
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Zhu H, Rollier CS, Pollard AJ. Recent advances in lipopolysaccharide-based glycoconjugate vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 20:1515-1538. [PMID: 34550840 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1984889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The public health burden caused by pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria is increasingly prominent due to antimicrobial resistance. The surface carbohydrates are potential antigens for vaccines against Gram-negative bacteria. The enhanced immunogenicity of the O-specific polysaccharide (O-SP) moiety of LPS when coupled to a carrier protein may protect against bacterial pathogens. However, because of the toxic lipid A moiety and relatively high costs of O-SP isolation, LPS has not been a popular vaccine antigen until recently. AREAS COVERED In this review, we discuss the rationales for developing LPS-based glycoconjugate vaccines, principles of glycoconjugate-induced immunity, and highlight the recent developments and challenges faced by LPS-based glycoconjugate vaccines. EXPERT OPINION Advances in LPS harvesting, LPS chemical synthesis, and newer carrier proteins in the past decade have propelled LPS-based glycoconjugate vaccines toward further development, through to clinical evaluation. The development of LPS-based glycoconjugates offers a new horizon for vaccine prevention of Gram-negative bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henderson Zhu
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the National Institute for Health Research (Nihr) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Christine S Rollier
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the National Institute for Health Research (Nihr) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the National Institute for Health Research (Nihr) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
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12
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Viewing Legionella pneumophila Pathogenesis through an Immunological Lens. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:4321-4344. [PMID: 31351897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila is the causative agent of the severe pneumonia Legionnaires' disease. L. pneumophila is ubiquitously found in freshwater environments, where it replicates within free-living protozoa. Aerosolization of contaminated water supplies allows the bacteria to be inhaled into the human lung, where L. pneumophila can be phagocytosed by alveolar macrophages and replicate intracellularly. The Dot/Icm type IV secretion system (T4SS) is one of the key virulence factors required for intracellular bacterial replication and subsequent disease. The Dot/Icm apparatus translocates more than 300 effector proteins into the host cell cytosol. These effectors interfere with a variety of cellular processes, thus enabling the bacterium to evade phagosome-lysosome fusion and establish an endoplasmic reticulum-derived Legionella-containing vacuole, which facilitates bacterial replication. In turn, the immune system has evolved numerous strategies to recognize intracellular bacteria such as L. pneumophila, leading to potent inflammatory responses that aid in eliminating infection. This review aims to provide an overview of L. pneumophila pathogenesis in the context of the host immune response.
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13
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Weber SS, Stoycheva D, Nimmerjahn F, Oxenius A. Two sequential layers of antibody-mediated control of Legionella pneumophila infection. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:1415-1420. [PMID: 31074841 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Protective immunity against intracellular pathogens, including bacteria, usually relies on cellular immunity. However, antibodies are also implicated in mediating protection against intracellular bacteria. In case of airway infection with Legionella pneumophila (Lpn), the causative agent of Legionnaires' disease, pre-existing Lpn-specific antibodies were shown to afford protection within two days of infection. Here we dissected the early kinetics of Ab-mediated protection against airway Lpn infection and observed two kinetically and mechanistically distinct phases of protection by passively administered antibodies. Within the first hour of infection, Lpn-opsonizing antibodies provided almost 10-fold protection in an antibody Fc-dependent, but FcR-independent manner. Later on, by two days post infection, Lpn-specific Ab-mediated protection strictly involved FcγR, Syk kinase activity in alveolar macrophages and induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The findings presented here contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms of Ab-mediated control of Lpn infection in actively or passively immunized individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan S Weber
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Diana Stoycheva
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Institute of Genetics, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erwin-Rommelstr. 3, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Annette Oxenius
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zürich, Switzerland
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14
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Wieland A, Ahmed R. Fc Receptors in Antimicrobial Protection. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2019; 423:119-150. [DOI: 10.1007/82_2019_154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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15
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Legionella pneumophila is a facultative intracellular pathogen and an important cause of community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonia. This review focuses on the latest literature examining Legionella's virulence strategies and the mammalian host response. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies identify novel virulence strategies used by L. pneumophila and new aspects of the host immune response to this pathogen. Legionella prevents acidification of the phagosome by recruiting Rab1, a host protein. Legionella also blocks a conserved endoplasmic reticulum stress response. To access iron from host stores, L. pneumophila upregulates more regions allowing vacuolar colocalization N. In response to Legionella, the host cell may activate caspase-1, caspase-11 (mice) or caspase-4 (humans). Caspase-3 and apoptosis are activated by a secreted, bacterial effector. Infected cells send signals to their uninfected neighbors, allowing the elaboration of inflammatory cytokines in trans. Antibody subclasses provide robust protection against Legionella. SUMMARY L. pneumophila is a significant human pathogen that lives in amoebae in the environment but may opportunistically infect the alveolar macrophage. To maintain its intracellular lifestyle, Legionella extracts essential iron from the cell, blocks inflammatory responses and manipulates trafficking to avoid fusion with the lysosome. The mammalian host has counter strategies, which include the release of proinflammatory cytokines, the activation of caspases and antibody-mediated immunity.
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17
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Park B, Park G, Kim J, Lim SA, Lee KM. Innate immunity against Legionella pneumophila during pulmonary infections in mice. Arch Pharm Res 2017; 40:131-145. [PMID: 28063015 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0859-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila is an etiological agent of the severe pneumonia known as Legionnaires' disease (LD). This gram-negative bacterium is thought to replicate naturally in various freshwater amoebae, but also replicates in human alveolar macrophages. Inside host cells, legionella induce the production of non-endosomal replicative phagosomes by injecting effector proteins into the cytosol. Innate immune responses are first line defenses against legionella during early phases of infection, and distinguish between legionella and host cells using germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptors , NOD-like receptors, and RIG-I-like receptors, which sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns that are absent in host cells. During pulmonary legionella infections, various inflammatory cells such as macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer (NK) cells, large mononuclear cells, B cells, and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are recruited into infected lungs, and predominantly occupy interstitial areas to control legionella. During pulmonary legionella infections, the interplay between distinct cytokines and chemokines also modulates innate host responses to clear legionella from the lungs. Recognition by NK cell receptors triggers effector functions including secretion of cytokines and chemokines, and leads to lysis of target cells. Crosstalk between NK cells and dendritic cells, monocytes, and macrophages provides a major first-line defense against legionella infection, whereas activation of T and B cells resolves the infection and mounts legionella-specific memory in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonggoo Park
- Global Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1 Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-713, Korea
| | - Gayoung Park
- Global Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1 Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-713, Korea.,Department of Biomicrosystem Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Korea
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- Global Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1 Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-713, Korea
| | - Seon Ah Lim
- Global Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1 Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-713, Korea
| | - Kyung-Mi Lee
- Global Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1 Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-713, Korea.
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18
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Everman JL, Bermudez LE. Antibodies against invasive phenotype-specific antigens increase Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis translocation across a polarized epithelial cell model and enhance killing by bovine macrophages. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2015; 5:58. [PMID: 26301206 PMCID: PMC4528203 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2015.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Johne's disease, caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), is a severe chronic enteritis which affects large populations of ruminants globally. Prevention strategies to combat the spread of Johne's disease among cattle herds involve adhering to strict calving practices to ensure young susceptible animals do not come in contact with MAP-contaminated colostrum, milk, or fecal material. Unfortunately, the current vaccination options available are associated with high cost and suboptimal efficacy. To more successfully combat the spread of Johne's disease to young calves, an efficient method of protection is needed. In this study, we examined passive immunization as a mode of introducing protective antibodies against MAP to prevent the passage of the bacterium to young animals via colostrum and milk. Utilizing the infectious MAP phenotype developed after bacterial exposure to milk, we demonstrate that in vitro opsonization with serum from Johne's-positive cattle results in enhanced translocation across a bovine MDBK polarized epithelial cell monolayer. Furthermore, immune serum opsonization of MAP results in a rapid host cell-mediated killing by bovine macrophages in an oxidative-, nitrosative-, and extracellular DNA trap-independent manner. This study illustrates that antibody opsonization of MAP expressing an infectious phenotype leads to the killing of the bacterium during the initial stage of macrophage infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L. Everman
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science, Oregon State UniversityCorvallis, OR, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State UniversityCorvallis, OR, USA
| | - Luiz E. Bermudez
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science, Oregon State UniversityCorvallis, OR, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State UniversityCorvallis, OR, USA
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