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Yu J, Fu Y, Gao J, Zhang Q, Zhang N, Zhang Z, Jiang X, Chen C, Wen Z. Cathepsin C from extracellular histone-induced M1 alveolar macrophages promotes NETosis during lung ischemia-reperfusion injury. Redox Biol 2024; 74:103231. [PMID: 38861835 PMCID: PMC11209641 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is a severe form of acute lung injury resulting from lung ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R) in lung transplantation (LTx), associated with elevated post-transplant morbidity and mortality rates. Neutrophils infiltrating during reperfusion are identified as pivotal contributors to lung I/R injury by releasing excessive neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) via NETosis. While alveolar macrophages (AMs) are involved in regulating neutrophil chemotaxis and infiltration, their role in NETosis during lung I/R remains inadequately elucidated. Extracellular histones constitute the main structure of NETs and can activate AMs. In this study, we confirmed the significant involvement of extracellular histone-induced M1 phenotype of AMs (M1-AMs) in driving NETosis during lung I/R. Using secretome analysis, public protein databases, and transwell co-culture models of AMs and neutrophils, we identified Cathepsin C (CTSC) derived from AMs as a major mediator in NETosis. Further elucidating the molecular mechanisms, we found that CTSC induced NETosis through a pathway dependent on NADPH oxidase-mediated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). CTSC could significantly activate p38 MAPK, resulting in the phosphorylation of the NADPH oxidase subunit p47phox, thereby facilitating the trafficking of cytoplasmic subunits to the cell membrane and activating NADPH oxidase. Moreover, CTSC up-regulated and activated its substrate membrane proteinase 3 (mPR3), resulting in an increased release of NETosis-related inflammatory factors. Inhibiting CTSC revealed great potential in mitigating NETosis-related injury during lung I/R. These findings suggests that CTSC from AMs may be a crucial factor in mediating NETosis during lung I/R, and targeting CTSC inhition may represent a novel intervention for PGD in LTx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiameng Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zongmei Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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Luo H, Pan C, Wang L, Zheng L, Cao S, Hu X, Hu T, Zhao N, Shang Q, Wang J. Low TYROBP expression predicts poor prognosis in multiple myeloma. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:117. [PMID: 38549127 PMCID: PMC10979612 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03304-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common refractory hematologic cancer. Searching for new targets and prognostic markers for MM is significant. METHODS GSE39754, GSE6477 and GSE24080 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in MM versus healthy people from GSE39754 and GSE6477 were screened using limma package, and MM-related module genes were chosen with the use of Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and the two were intersected using ggVennDiagram for obtaining MM-related DEGs. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were carried out. Then, protein-protein interactions (PPI) analysis in String database was used to obtain hub genes, while prognosis was analyzed by survival package in GSE24080. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was adopted for evaluating diagnostic value of hub genes. Besides, univariable/multivariable Cox regression were employed to screen independent prognostic biomarkers. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to find possible mechanism. Finally, western-blotting and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) verify TYROBP expression within MM and healthy people. We performed cell adhesion and transwell assays for investigating TYROBP function in MM cell adhesion and migration. RESULTS Through differential analyses, 92 MM-related DEGs were obtained. 10 hub genes were identified by PPI and CytoHubba. Their diagnostic and prognostic significance was analyzed. Down-regulation of genes like TYROBP, ELANE, MNDA, and MPO related to dismal MM prognosis. Upon univariable/multivariable Cox regression, TYROBP independently predicted MM prognosis. GSEA pathway was enriched, indicating that TYROBP expression affected MM development via cell adhesion molecular pathway. Upon Western-blotting and RT-PCR assays, TYROBP expression among MM patients decreased relative to healthy donors. Cell adhesion and transwell migration assays revealed increased MM cell adhesion and decreased migration upon TYROBP up-regulation. CONCLUSION In summary, TYROBP is a potential prognostic marker for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Luo
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
- Department of Clinical Medical School, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Chengyun Pan
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
- Department of Clinical Medical School, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
- Department of Clinical Medical School, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Shuyun Cao
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
- Department of Clinical Medical School, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Xiuying Hu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Tianzhen Hu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Naiqin Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Qin Shang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Jishi Wang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China.
- Department of Clinical Medical School, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, 215006, China.
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3
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Liao F, Scozzi D, Zhou D, Maksimos M, Diedrich C, Cano M, Tague LK, Liu Z, Haspel JA, Leonard JM, Li W, Krupnick AS, Wong BW, Kreisel D, Azab AK, Gelman AE. Nanoparticle targeting of neutrophil glycolysis prevents lung ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Transplant 2024:S1600-6135(24)00238-7. [PMID: 38522826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2024.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Neutrophils exacerbate pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) resulting in poor short and long-term outcomes for lung transplant recipients. Glycolysis powers neutrophil activation, but it remains unclear if neutrophil-specific targeting of this pathway will inhibit IRI. Lipid nanoparticles containing the glycolysis flux inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) were conjugated to neutrophil-specific Ly6G antibodies (NP-Ly6G[2-DG]). Intravenously administered NP-Ly6G(2-DG) to mice exhibited high specificity for circulating neutrophils. NP-Ly6G(2-DG)-treated neutrophils were unable to adapt to hypoglycemic conditions of the lung airspace environment as evident by the loss of demand-induced glycolysis, reductions in glycogen and ATP content, and an increased vulnerability to apoptosis. NP-Ly6G(2-DG) treatment inhibited pulmonary IRI following hilar occlusion and orthotopic lung transplantation. IRI protection was associated with less airspace neutrophil extracellular trap generation, reduced intragraft neutrophilia, and enhanced alveolar macrophage efferocytotic clearance of neutrophils. Collectively, our data show that pharmacologically targeting glycolysis in neutrophils inhibits their activation and survival leading to reduced pulmonary IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyi Liao
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Davide Scozzi
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Dequan Zhou
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Mina Maksimos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Camila Diedrich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Marlene Cano
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Laneshia K Tague
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Zhyi Liu
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Haspel
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jennifer M Leonard
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Alexander S Krupnick
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian W Wong
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Abdel Kareem Azab
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
| | - Andrew E Gelman
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
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Komaru Y, Ning L, Lama C, Suresh A, Kefaloyianni E, Miller MJ, Herrlich A. Sterile kidney tissue injury induces neutrophil swarming in lung alveolar capillaries. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.27.582396. [PMID: 38464306 PMCID: PMC10925262 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.27.582396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Sterile tissue injury, such as by acute kidney injury, is common in the clinic and frequently associated with respiratory compromise and hypoxemia. We previously described signaling components released by the injured kidney that drive a remote inflammatory response in the lung. How this caused the resultant hypoxemia remained unclear. Here, we report that sterile kidney tissue injury induces rapid intravascular "neutrophil train" formation in lung capillaries, a novel form of neutrophil swarming. Rapid swarming is enhanced by decreased deformability of circulating neutrophils that impedes their lung capillary passage. Classical lung monocytes are required for neutrophil train formation and release CXCL2 to attract and retain stiffened neutrophils in lung capillaries which reduces capillary perfusion. We thus discovered a novel feature of kidney-lung crosstalk after sterile kidney tissue injury, capillary perfusion deficits that lead to reduced oxygenation despite proper alveolar function and ventilation, unlike in infectious inflammatory lung processes, such as bacterial pneumonia.
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Li Q, Nie H. Advances in lung ischemia/reperfusion injury: unraveling the role of innate immunity. Inflamm Res 2024; 73:393-405. [PMID: 38265687 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01844-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung ischemia/reperfusion injury (LIRI) is a common occurrence in clinical practice and represents a significant complication following pulmonary transplantation and various diseases. At the core of pulmonary ischemia/reperfusion injury lies sterile inflammation, where the innate immune response plays a pivotal role. This review aims to investigate recent advancements in comprehending the role of innate immunity in LIRI. METHODS A computer-based online search was performed using the PubMed database and Web of Science database for published articles concerning lung ischemia/reperfusion injury, cell death, damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs), innate immune cells, innate immunity, inflammation. RESULTS During the process of lung ischemia/reperfusion, cellular injury even death can occur. When cells are injured or undergo cell death, endogenous ligands known as DAMPs are released. These molecules can be recognized and bound by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), leading to the recruitment and activation of innate immune cells. Subsequently, a cascade of inflammatory responses is triggered, ultimately exacerbating pulmonary injury. These steps are complex and interrelated rather than being in a linear relationship. In recent years, significant progress has been made in understanding the immunological mechanisms of LIRI, involving novel types of cell death, the ability of receptors other than PRRs to recognize DAMPs, and a more detailed mechanism of action of innate immune cells in ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), laying the groundwork for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. CONCLUSIONS Various immune components of the innate immune system play critical roles in lung injury after ischemia/reperfusion. Preventing cell death and the release of DAMPs, interrupting DAMPs receptor interactions, disrupting intracellular inflammatory signaling pathways, and minimizing immune cell recruitment are essential for lung protection in LIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Hanxiang Nie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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6
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Farahnak K, Bai YZ, Yokoyama Y, Morkan DB, Liu Z, Amrute JM, De Filippis Falcon A, Terada Y, Liao F, Li W, Shepherd HM, Hachem RR, Puri V, Lavine KJ, Gelman AE, Bharat A, Kreisel D, Nava RG. B cells mediate lung ischemia/reperfusion injury by recruiting classical monocytes via synergistic B cell receptor/TLR4 signaling. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e170118. [PMID: 38488011 PMCID: PMC10940088 DOI: 10.1172/jci170118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion injury-mediated (IRI-mediated) primary graft dysfunction (PGD) adversely affects both short- and long-term outcomes after lung transplantation, a procedure that remains the only treatment option for patients suffering from end-stage respiratory failure. While B cells are known to regulate adaptive immune responses, their role in lung IRI is not well understood. Here, we demonstrated by intravital imaging that B cells are rapidly recruited to injured lungs, where they extravasate into the parenchyma. Using hilar clamping and transplant models, we observed that lung-infiltrating B cells produce the monocyte chemokine CCL7 in a TLR4-TRIF-dependent fashion, a critical step contributing to classical monocyte (CM) recruitment and subsequent neutrophil extravasation, resulting in worse lung function. We found that synergistic BCR-TLR4 activation on B cells is required for the recruitment of CMs to the injured lung. Finally, we corroborated our findings in reperfused human lungs, in which we observed a correlation between B cell infiltration and CM recruitment after transplantation. This study describes a role for B cells as critical orchestrators of lung IRI. As B cells can be depleted with currently available agents, our study provides a rationale for clinical trials investigating B cell-targeting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrew E. Gelman
- Department of Surgery
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ankit Bharat
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Department of Surgery
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
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7
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Bai YZ, Kopecky BJ, Lavine KJ, Kreisel D. Ferroptosis in the post-transplantation inflammatory response. Cell Immunol 2023; 393-394:104774. [PMID: 37839157 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Transplantation is a life-saving therapy for patients with end-stage organ disease. Successful outcomes after transplantation require mitigation of the post-transplant inflammatory response, limiting alloreactivity, and prevention of organ rejection. Traditional immunosuppressive regimens aim to dampen the adaptive immune response; however, recent studies have shown the feasibility and efficacy of targeting the innate immune response. Necroinflammation initiated by donor organ cell death is implicated as a critical mediator of primary graft dysfunction, acute rejection, and chronic rejection. Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death that triggers post-transplantation inflammation and drives the activation of both innate and adaptive immune cells. There is a growing acceptance of the clinical relevance of ferroptosis to solid organ transplantation. Modulating ferroptosis may be a potentially promising strategy to reduce complications after organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhu Bai
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Benjamin J Kopecky
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kory J Lavine
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
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8
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Li W, Shepherd HM, Terada Y, Shay AE, Bery AI, Gelman AE, Lavine KJ, Serhan CN, Kreisel D. Resolvin D1 prevents injurious neutrophil swarming in transplanted lungs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2302938120. [PMID: 37487095 PMCID: PMC10400944 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302938120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the primary cell type involved in lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), which remains a frequent and morbid complication after organ transplantation. Endogenous lipid mediators that become activated during acute inflammation-resolution have gained increasing recognition for their protective role(s) in promoting the restoration of homeostasis, but their influence on early immune responses following transplantation remains to be uncovered. Resolvin D1, 7S,8R,17S-trihydroxy-4Z,9E,11E,13Z,15E,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid (RvD1), is a potent stereoselective mediator that exhibits proresolving and anti-inflammatory actions in the setting of tissue injury. Here, using metabololipidomics, we demonstrate that endogenous proresolving mediators including RvD1 are increased in human and murine lung grafts immediately following transplantation. In mouse grafts, we observe lipid mediator class switching early after reperfusion. We use intravital two-photon microscopy to reveal that RvD1 treatment significantly limits early neutrophil infiltration and swarming, thereby ameliorating early graft dysfunction in transplanted syngeneic lungs subjected to severe IRI. Through integrated analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data of donor and recipient immune cells from lung grafts, we identify transcriptomic changes induced by RvD1. These results support a role for RvD1 as a potent modality for preventing early neutrophil-mediated tissue damage after lung IRI that may be therapeutic in the clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Li
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Hailey M. Shepherd
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Yuriko Terada
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Ashley E. Shay
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Amit I. Bery
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Andrew E. Gelman
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Kory J. Lavine
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Charles N. Serhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
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Chacon-Alberty L, Fernandez R, Jindra P, King M, Rosas I, Hochman-Mendez C, Loor G. Primary Graft Dysfunction in Lung Transplantation: A Review of Mechanisms and Future Applications. Transplantation 2023; 107:1687-1697. [PMID: 36650643 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Lung allograft recipients have worse survival than all other solid organ transplant recipients, largely because of primary graft dysfunction (PGD), a major form of acute lung injury affecting a third of lung recipients within the first 72 h after transplant. PGD is the clinical manifestation of ischemia-reperfusion injury and represents the predominate cause of early morbidity and mortality. Despite PGD's impact on lung transplant outcomes, no targeted therapies are currently available; hence, care remains supportive and largely ineffective. This review focuses on molecular and innate immune mechanisms of ischemia-reperfusion injury leading to PGD. We also discuss novel research aimed at discovering biomarkers that could better predict PGD and potential targeted interventions that may improve outcomes in lung transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramiro Fernandez
- Division of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Mechanical Circulatory Support, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Peter Jindra
- Division of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Mechanical Circulatory Support, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Madelyn King
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX
| | - Ivan Rosas
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | - Gabriel Loor
- Division of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Mechanical Circulatory Support, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Professional Staff, The Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX
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10
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He X, Li Z, Ye M, Zhao C, Wu S, Qin Y, Guo Y, Zhang L, Lin F. Near-infrared laser-irradiated upconversion nanoparticles with dexamethasone precise released for alleviating lung ischemia-reperfusion injury. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1176369. [PMID: 37214302 PMCID: PMC10196198 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1176369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Dexamethasone (DEX), as an important enduring-effect glucocorticoid (GC), holds great promise in the field of lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) comprehensive therapy owing to its immunomodulatory properties, such as inducing apoptosis and cell cycle distribution. However, its potent anti-inflammatory application is still restricted because of multiple internal physiologic barriers. Methods: Herein, we developed upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) coated with photosensitizer/capping agent/fluorescent probe-modified mesoporous silica (UCNPs@mSiO2[DEX]-Py/β-CD/FITC, USDPFs) for precise DEX release synergistic LIRI comprehensive therapy. The UCNPs were designed by covering an inert YOF:Yb shell on the YOF:Yb, Tm core to achieve high-intensity blue and red upconversion emission upon Near-Infrared (NIR) laser irradiation. Results: Under suitable compatibility conditions, the molecular structure of photosensitizer can be damaged along with capping agent shedding, which endowed USDPFs with an outstanding capability to carry out DEX release controlling and fluorescent indicator targeting. Furthermore, the hybrid encapsulating of DEX significantly increased utilization of nano-drugs, improving the water solubility and bioavailability, which was conducive to developing the anti-inflammatory performance of USDPFs in the complex clinical environment. Discussion: The response-controlled release of DEX in the intrapulmonary microenvironment can reduce normal cell damage, which can effectively avoid the side effects of nano-drugs in anti-inflammatory application. Meanwhile, the multi-wavelength of UCNPs endowed nano-drugs with the fluorescence emission imaging capacity in an intrapulmonary microenvironment, providing precise guidance for LIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing He
- Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Tissue & Organ Injury and Repair Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Basic Science and Prevention of Perioperative Organ Disfunction, Nanning, China
| | - Zhining Li
- Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Mengling Ye
- Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Tissue & Organ Injury and Repair Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Basic Science and Prevention of Perioperative Organ Disfunction, Nanning, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Tissue & Organ Injury and Repair Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Basic Science and Prevention of Perioperative Organ Disfunction, Nanning, China
| | - Siyi Wu
- Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Tissue & Organ Injury and Repair Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Basic Science and Prevention of Perioperative Organ Disfunction, Nanning, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Tissue & Organ Injury and Repair Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Basic Science and Prevention of Perioperative Organ Disfunction, Nanning, China
| | - Youyuan Guo
- Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Tissue & Organ Injury and Repair Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Basic Science and Prevention of Perioperative Organ Disfunction, Nanning, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Tissue & Organ Injury and Repair Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Basic Science and Prevention of Perioperative Organ Disfunction, Nanning, China
| | - Fei Lin
- Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Tissue & Organ Injury and Repair Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Basic Science and Prevention of Perioperative Organ Disfunction, Nanning, China
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11
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Wu J, Luo J, Cai H, Li C, Lei Z, Lu Y, Ni L, Cao J, Cheng B, Hu X. Expression Pattern and Molecular Mechanism of Oxidative Stress-Related Genes in Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:jcdd10020079. [PMID: 36826575 PMCID: PMC9961140 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10020079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The molecular mechanism of oxidative stress-related genes (OSRGs) in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) has not been fully elucidated. (2) Methods: Differential expression analysis, enrichment analysis, and PPI analysis were performed on the MIRI-related datasets GSE160516 and GSE61592 to find key pathways and hub genes. OSRGs were obtained from the Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB). The expression pattern and time changes of them were studied on the basis of their raw expression data. Corresponding online databases were used to predict miRNAs, transcription factors (TFs), and therapeutic drugs targeting common differentially expressed OSRGs. These identified OSRGs were further verified in the external dataset GSE4105 and H9C2 cell hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) model. (3) Results: A total of 134 DEGs of MIRI were identified which were enriched in the pathways of "immune response", "inflammatory response", "neutrophil chemotaxis", "phagosome", and "platelet activation". Six hub genes and 12 common differentially expressed OSRGs were identified. A total of 168 miRNAs, 41 TFs, and 21 therapeutic drugs were predicted targeting these OSRGs. Lastly, the expression trends of Aif1, Apoe, Arg1, Col1a1, Gpx7, and Hmox1 were confirmed in the external dataset and HR model. (4) Conclusions: Aif1, Apoe, Arg1, Col1a1, Gpx7, and Hmox1 may be involved in the oxidative stress mechanism of MIRI, and the intervention of these genes may be a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahe Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jingyi Luo
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Huanhuan Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chenze Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhe Lei
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lihua Ni
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jianlei Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Correspondence: (B.C.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiaorong Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Correspondence: (B.C.); (X.H.)
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12
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Shepherd HM, Gauthier JM, Terada Y, Li W, Krupnick AS, Gelman AE, Kreisel D. Updated Views on Neutrophil Responses in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Transplantation 2022; 106:2314-2324. [PMID: 35749228 PMCID: PMC9712152 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is an inevitable event during organ transplantation and represents a primary risk factor for the development of early graft dysfunction in lung, heart, liver, and kidney transplant recipients. Recent studies have implicated recipient neutrophils as key mediators of this process and also have found that early innate immune responses after transplantation can ultimately augment adaptive alloimmunity and affect late graft outcomes. Here, we discuss signaling pathways involved in neutrophil recruitment and activation after ischemia-mediated graft injury in solid organ transplantation with an emphasis on lung allografts, which have been the focus of recent studies. These findings suggest novel therapeutic interventions that target ischemia-reperfusion injury-mediated graft dysfunction in transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey M. Shepherd
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Jason M. Gauthier
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Yuriko Terada
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | | | - Andrew E. Gelman
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
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13
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Liu Y, Lu T, Liu Z, Ning W, Li S, Chen Y, Ge X, Guo C, Zheng Y, Wei X, Wang H. Six macrophage-associated genes in synovium constitute a novel diagnostic signature for osteoarthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:936606. [PMID: 35967352 PMCID: PMC9368762 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.936606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Synovial macrophages play important roles in the formation and progression of osteoarthritis (OA). This study aimed to explore the biological and clinical significance of macrophage-associated genes (MAGs) in OA. Methods The OA synovial gene expression profiles GSE89408 and GSE82107 were obtained from the GEO database. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) and GSEA were employed to decipher differences in immune infiltration and macrophage-associated biological pathways, respectively. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and machine learning were utilized to establish a macrophage-associated gene diagnostic signature (MAGDS). RT-qPCR was performed to test the expression of key MAGs in murine models. Results OA synovium presented high levels of immune infiltration and activation of macrophage-associated biological pathways. A total of 55 differentially expressed MAGs were identified. Using PPI analysis and machine learning, a MAGDS consisting of IL1B, C5AR1, FCGR2B, IL10, IL6, and TYROBP was established for OA diagnosis (AUC = 0.910) and molecular pathological evaluation. Patients with high MAGDS scores may possess higher levels of immune infiltration and expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), implying poor biological alterations. The diagnostic value of MAGDS was also validated in an external cohort (AUC = 0.886). The expression of key MAGs was validated in a murine model using RT-qPCR. Additionally, a competitive endogenous RNA network was constructed to reveal the potential posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms. Conclusions We developed and validated a MAGDS model with the ability to accurately diagnose and characterize biological alterations in OA. The six key MAGs may also be latent targets for immunoregulatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Liu
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Taoyuan Lu
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenhua Ning
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Siying Li
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanru Chen
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyong Ge
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chunguang Guo
- Department of Endovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Youyang Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangyang Wei
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Haiming Wang, ; Xiangyang Wei,
| | - Haiming Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Medical College of Zhengzhou University of Industrial technology, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Haiming Wang, ; Xiangyang Wei,
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14
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Ding Y, Li H, Xu L, Wang Y, Yang H. Identification and Validation of Prognostic Biomarkers Specifically Expressed in Macrophage in IgA Nephropathy Patients Based on Integrated Bioinformatics Analyses. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:884588. [PMID: 35601837 PMCID: PMC9117719 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.884588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common type of primary glomerulonephritis worldwide and a frequent cause of end-stage renal disease. The inflammation cascade due to the infiltration and activation of immune cells in glomeruli plays an essential role in the progression of IgAN. In this study, we aimed to identify hub genes involved in immune infiltration and explore potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in IgAN. Methods: We combined the single-cell and bulk transcriptome profiles of IgAN patients and controls with clinical data. Through single-cell analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, and differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis in the bulk profile, we identified cell-type-specific potential hub genes in IgAN. Real hub genes were extracted via validation analysis and clinical significance analysis of the correlation between the expression levels of genes and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in the external dataset. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed to predict the probable roles of the real hub genes in IgAN. Results: A total of eleven cell clusters were classified via single-cell analysis, among which macrophages showed a variable proportion between the IgAN and normal control samples. We recognized six functional co-expression gene modules through WGCNA, among which the black module was deemed an IgAN-related and immune-involving module via GO enrichment analysis. DEG analysis identified 45 potential hub genes from genes enriched in GO terms. A total of twenty-three potential hub genes were specifically expressed in macrophages. Furthermore, we validated the differential expression of the 23 potential hub genes in the external dataset and identified nine genes with prognostic significance as real hub genes, viz., CSF1R, CYBB, FPR3, GPR65, HCLS1, IL10RA, PLA2G7, TYROBP, and VSIG4. The real hub gens are thought to contribute to immune cell regulation, immunoreaction, and regulation of oxidative stress, cell proliferation, and material metabolism. Conclusion: In this study, we demonstrated that macrophages infiltrated the glomeruli and contributed to the inflammatory response in IgAN. Based on integrated bioinformatics analyses of single-cell and bulk transcriptome data, we highlighted nine genes as novel prognostic biomarkers, which may enable the development of innovative prognostic and therapeutic strategies for IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Ding
- Department of Nephrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Nephrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lichen Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yukun Wang
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiying Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Huiying Yang,
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15
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Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis and Verification of Gene Targets for Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2056630. [PMID: 35463067 PMCID: PMC9033367 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2056630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) has become a thorny and unsolved clinical problem. The pathological mechanisms of MIRI are intricate and unclear, so it is of great significance to explore potential hub genes and search for some natural products that exhibit potential therapeutic efficacy on MIRI via targeting the hub genes. Methods First, the differential expression genes (DEGs) from GSE58486, GSE108940, and GSE115568 were screened and integrated via a robust rank aggregation algorithm. Then, the hub genes were identified and verified by the functional experiment of the MIRI mice. Finally, natural products with protective effects against MIRI were retrieved, and molecular docking simulations between hub genes and natural products were performed. Results 230 integrated DEGs and 9 hub genes were identified. After verification, Emr1, Tyrobp, Itgb2, Fcgr2b, Cybb, and Fcer1g might be the most significant genes during MIRI. A total of 75 natural products were discovered. Most of them (especially araloside C, glycyrrhizic acid, ophiopogonin D, polyphyllin I, and punicalagin) showed good ability to bind the hub genes. Conclusions Emr1, Tyrobp, Itgb2, Fcgr2b, Cybb, and Fcer1g might be critical in the pathological process of MIRI, and the natural products (araloside C, glycyrrhizic acid, ophiopogonin D, polyphyllin I, and punicalagin) targeting these hub genes exhibited potential therapeutic efficacy on MIRI. Our findings provided new insights to explore the mechanism and treatments for MIRI and revealed new therapeutic targets for natural products with protective properties against MIRI.
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16
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Necroptosis triggers spatially restricted neutrophil-mediated vascular damage during lung ischemia reperfusion injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2111537119. [PMID: 35238643 PMCID: PMC8917381 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2111537119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravital imaging, oxidative lipidomics, and a transplant model were used to define mechanisms that regulate neutrophil recruitment into lungs during ischemia reperfusion injury, a clinically relevant form of sterile inflammation. We found that early neutrophil-mediated damage is largely confined to the subpleural vasculature, a process that is orchestrated by a spatially restricted distribution of nonclassical monocytes that produce chemokines following necroptosis of pulmonary cells. Neutrophils disrupt the integrity of subpleural capillaries, which is associated with impaired lung function. Neutrophil-mediated vascular leakage is dependent on TLR4 expression on vascular endothelium, NOX4 signaling, and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. Our research provides insights into mechanisms that regulate neutrophil recruitment during sterile lung inflammation and lays the foundation for developing new therapies. Ischemia reperfusion injury represents a common pathological condition that is triggered by the release of endogenous ligands. While neutrophils are known to play a critical role in its pathogenesis, the tissue-specific spatiotemporal regulation of ischemia-reperfusion injury is not understood. Here, using oxidative lipidomics and intravital imaging of transplanted mouse lungs that are subjected to severe ischemia reperfusion injury, we discovered that necroptosis, a nonapoptotic form of cell death, triggers the recruitment of neutrophils. During the initial stages of inflammation, neutrophils traffic predominantly to subpleural vessels, where their aggregation is directed by chemoattractants produced by nonclassical monocytes that are spatially restricted in this vascular compartment. Subsequent neutrophilic disruption of capillaries resulting in vascular leakage is associated with impaired graft function. We found that TLR4 signaling in vascular endothelial cells and downstream NADPH oxidase 4 expression mediate the arrest of neutrophils, a step upstream of their extravasation. Neutrophil extracellular traps formed in injured lungs and their disruption with DNase prevented vascular leakage and ameliorated primary graft dysfunction. Thus, we have uncovered mechanisms that regulate the initial recruitment of neutrophils to injured lungs, which result in selective damage to subpleural pulmonary vessels and primary graft dysfunction. Our findings could lead to the development of new therapeutics that protect lungs from ischemia reperfusion injury.
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17
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Snyder ME, Bondonese A, Craig A, Popescu I, Morrell MR, Myerburg MM, Iasella CJ, Lendermon E, Pilweski J, Johnson B, Kilaru S, Zhang Y, Trejo Bittar HE, Wang X, Sanchez PG, Lakkis F, McDyer J. Rate of recipient-derived alveolar macrophage development and major histocompatibility complex cross-decoration after lung transplantation in humans. Am J Transplant 2022; 22:574-587. [PMID: 34431221 PMCID: PMC9161707 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages (AM) play critical roles in lung tissue homeostasis, host defense, and modulating lung injury. The rate of AM turnover (donor AM replacement by circulating monocytes) after transplantation has been incompletely characterized. Furthermore, the anatomic pattern of recipient-derived lung macrophages repopulation has not been reported, nor has their ability to accumulate and present donor major histocompatibility complex (a process we refer to as MHC cross-decoration). We longitudinally characterized the myeloid content of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and biopsy specimens of lung transplant recipients and found a biphasic rate in AM turnover in the allograft, with a rapid turnover perioperatively, accelerated by both the type of induction immunosuppression and the presence of primary graft dysfunction. We found that recipient myeloid cells with cell surface AM phenotype repopulated the lung in a disorganized pattern, comprised mainly of large clusters of cells. Finally, we show that recipient AM take up and present donor peptide-MHC complexes yet are not able to independently induce an in vitro alloreactive response by circulating recipient T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E. Snyder
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Anna Bondonese
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew Craig
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Iulia Popescu
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew R. Morrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Carlo J. Iasella
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,Department of Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Joseph Pilweski
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Bruce Johnson
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Silpa Kilaru
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Xingan Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Pablo G. Sanchez
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Fadi Lakkis
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John McDyer
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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18
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NETosis in ischemic/reperfusion injuries: An organ-based review. Life Sci 2021; 290:120158. [PMID: 34822798 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular trap (NETosis), the web-like structures induced by neutrophil death, is an important inflammatory mechanism of the immune system leading to reactive oxygen species production/coagulopathy, endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, and ischemia. NETosis exerts its role through different mechanisms such as triggering Toll-like receptors, inflammatory cytokines, platelet aggregation, neutrophil activation/infiltration, and vascular impairment. NETosis plays a key role in the prognosis of coronary artery disease, ischemic injury of kidney, lung, gastrointestinal tract and skeletal muscles. In this review, we explored the molecular mechanisms involved in NETosis, and ischemic/reperfusion injuries in body organs.
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19
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Shepherd HM, Gauthier JM, Li W, Krupnick AS, Gelman AE, Kreisel D. Innate immunity in lung transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021; 40:562-568. [PMID: 34020867 PMCID: PMC10977655 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immune pathways early after pulmonary transplantation have been shown to cause primary graft dysfunction (PGD) and also predispose to late graft failure. Recent studies in animal models have elucidated critical mechanisms governing such innate immune responses. Here, we discuss pathways of inflammatory cell death, triggers for sterile and infectious inflammation, and signaling cascades that mediate lung injury early after transplantation. These studies highlight potential avenues for lung-specific therapies early following lung transplantation to dampen innate immune responses and improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey M Shepherd
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Jason M Gauthier
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Andrew E Gelman
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri.
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20
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Lu J, Peng Y, Huang R, Feng Z, Fan Y, Wang H, Zeng Z, Ji Y, Wang Y, Wang Z. Elevated TYROBP expression predicts poor prognosis and high tumor immune infiltration in patients with low-grade glioma. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:723. [PMID: 34162355 PMCID: PMC8220692 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08456-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tyrosine protein tyrosine kinase binding protein (TYROBP) binds non-covalently to activated receptors on the surface of various immune cells, and mediates signal transduction and cellular activation. It is dysregulated in various malignancies, although little is known regarding its role in low-grade glioma. The aim of this study is to explore the clinicopathological significance, prognostic value and immune signature of TYROBP expression in low-grade glioma (LGG). Methods The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between glioma samples and normal tissues were identified from two GEO microarray datasets using the limma package. The DEGs overlapping across both datasets were functionally annotated by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses. STRING database was used to establish the protein-protein interaction (PPI) of the DEGs. The PPI network was visualized by Cytoscape and cytoHubba, and the core module and hub genes were identified. The expression profile of TYROBP and patient survival were validated in the Oncomine, GEPIA2 and CGGA databases. The correlation between TYROBP expression and the clinicopathologic characteristics were evaluated. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA) were performed by R based on the LGG data from TCGA. The TIMER2.0 database was used to determine the correlation between TYROBP expression and tumor immune infiltrating cells in the LGG patients. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to determine the prognostic impact of clinicopathological factors via TCGA database. Results Sixty-two overlapping DEGs were identified in the 2 datasets, and were mainly enriched in the response to wounding, focal adhesion, GTPase activity and Parkinson disease pathways. TYROBP was identified through the PPI network and cytoHubba. TYROBP expression levels were significantly higher in the LGG tissues compared to the normal tissues, and was associated with worse prognosis and poor clinicopathological parameters. In addition, GSEA showed that TYROBP was positively correlated to neutrophil chemotaxis, macrophage activation, chemokine signaling pathway, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, and negatively associated with gamma aminobutyric acid signaling pathway, neurotransmitter transport, neuroactive ligand receptor intersection etc. TIMER2.0 and ssGSEA showed that TYROBP expression was significantly associated with the infiltration of neutrophils, macrophages, myeloid dendritic cells and monocytes. The infiltration of the M2 phenotype macrophages, cancer-associated fibroblasts and myeloid dendritic cells correlated to worse prognosis in LGG patients. Finally, multivariate analysis showed that elevated TYROBP expression is an independent risk factor for LGG. Conclusion TYROBP is dysregulated in LGG and correlates with immune infiltration. It is a potential therapeutic target and prognostic marker for LGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neuroscience, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuecheng Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neuroscience, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, People's Republic of China
| | - Rihong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neuroscience, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, People's Republic of China
| | - Zejia Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neuroscience, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongyang Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neuroscience, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, People's Republic of China
| | - Haojian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neuroscience, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaorong Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neuroscience, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxiang Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neuroscience, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yezhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neuroscience, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhaotao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neuroscience, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Natalini JG, Diamond JM. Primary Graft Dysfunction. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 42:368-379. [PMID: 34030200 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1728794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is a form of acute lung injury after transplantation characterized by hypoxemia and the development of alveolar infiltrates on chest radiograph that occurs within 72 hours of reperfusion. PGD is among the most common early complications following lung transplantation and significantly contributes to increased short-term morbidity and mortality. In addition, severe PGD has been associated with higher 90-day and 1-year mortality rates compared with absent or less severe PGD and is a significant risk factor for the subsequent development of chronic lung allograft dysfunction. The International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation released updated consensus guidelines in 2017, defining grade 3 PGD, the most severe form, by the presence of alveolar infiltrates and a ratio of PaO2:FiO2 less than 200. Multiple donor-related, recipient-related, and perioperative risk factors for PGD have been identified, many of which are potentially modifiable. Consistently identified risk factors include donor tobacco and alcohol use; increased recipient body mass index; recipient history of pulmonary hypertension, sarcoidosis, or pulmonary fibrosis; single lung transplantation; and use of cardiopulmonary bypass, among others. Several cellular pathways have been implicated in the pathogenesis of PGD, thus presenting several possible therapeutic targets for preventing and treating PGD. Notably, use of ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) has become more widespread and offers a potential platform to safely investigate novel PGD treatments while expanding the lung donor pool. Even in the presence of significantly prolonged ischemic times, EVLP has not been associated with an increased risk for PGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake G Natalini
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joshua M Diamond
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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22
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Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in the Transplanted Lung: A Literature Review. Transplant Direct 2021; 7:e652. [PMID: 33437867 PMCID: PMC7793349 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000001104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) and primary graft dysfunction are leading causes of morbidity and mortality among lung transplant recipients. Although extensive research endeavors have been undertaken, few preventative and therapeutic treatments have emerged for clinical use. Novel strategies are still needed to improve outcomes after lung transplantation. In this review, we discuss the underlying mechanisms of transplanted LIRI, potential modifiable targets, current practices, and areas of ongoing investigation to reduce LIRI and primary graft dysfunction in lung transplant recipients.
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23
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Wu P, Xiang T, Wang J, Lv R, Wu G. TYROBP is a potential prognostic biomarker of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:2588-2604. [PMID: 33015999 PMCID: PMC7714062 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) exhibits high recurrence and metastasis rates. Although target therapy has significantly improved the prognosis of some patients with ccRCC, the median survival rate remains poor. Thus, there remains a need for the identification of novel potential targets for diagnosis and therapy. Here, we screened differentially expressed genes between ccRCC and normal tissues through analyzing The Cancer Genome Atlas database. We identified 55 up‐regulated and 67 down‐regulated genes associated with poor prognosis. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis revealed that these genes were associated with glycometabolic process, complement and coagulation cascades. In addition, the eight down‐regulated genes (HRG, FABP1, ALDOB, PCK1, HAO2, CASR, PLG, and HMGCS2) and two up‐regulated genes (SERPINE1 and TYROBP) were filtered out. Finally, TYROBP was selected through repeated verification of various databases. High expression of TYROBP is associated with low survival rate in ccRCC, is closely related to immune cell infiltration and is coexpressed with Programmed cell death protein‐1(PD‐1) and Cytotoxic T lymphocyte‐associated antigen‐4(CTLA‐4). In conclusion, TYROBP may have potential for diagnosis and treatment of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, China
| | - Tingting Xiang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Liguang Rehabilitation Hospital of Dalian Development Zone, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Run Lv
- Anesthesiology Department, Dalian Medical University, China
| | - Guangzhen Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, China
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24
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Xiu MX, Liu ZT, Tang J. Screening and identification of key regulatory connections and immune cell infiltration characteristics for lung transplant rejection using mucosal biopsies. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 87:106827. [PMID: 32791489 PMCID: PMC7417178 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore key regulatory connections underlying lung transplant rejection. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between rejection and stable lung transplantation (LTx) samples were screened using R package limma, followed by functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction network construction. Subsequently, a global triple network, including miRNAs, mRNAs, and transcription factors (TFs), was constructed. Furthermore, immune cell infiltration characteristics were analyzed to investigate the molecular immunology of lung transplant rejection. Finally, potential drug-target interactions were generated. In brief, 739 DEGs were found between rejection and stable LTx samples. PTPRC, IL-6, ITGAM, CD86, TLR8, TYROBP, CXCL10, ITGB2, and CCR5 were defined as hub genes. Eight TFs, including STAT1, SPIB, NFKB1, SPI1, STAT5A, RUNX1, VENTX, and BATF, and five miRNAs, including miR-335-5p, miR-26b-5p, miR-124-3p, miR-1-3p, and miR-155-5p, were involved in regulating hub genes. The immune cell infiltration analysis revealed higher proportions of activated memory CD4 T cells, follicular helper T cells, γδ T cells, monocytes, M1 and M2 macrophages, and eosinophils in rejection samples, besides lower proportions of resting memory CD4 T cells, regulatory T cells, activated NK cells, M0 macrophages, and resting mast cells. This study provided a comprehensive perspective of the molecular co-regulatory network underlying lung transplant rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Xi Xiu
- Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Zu-Ting Liu
- Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Jian Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China.
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25
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Frye CC, Bery AI, Kreisel D, Kulkarni HS. Sterile inflammation in thoracic transplantation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:581-601. [PMID: 32803398 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03615-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The life-saving benefits of organ transplantation can be thwarted by allograft dysfunction due to both infectious and sterile inflammation post-surgery. Sterile inflammation can occur after necrotic cell death due to the release of endogenous ligands [such as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and alarmins], which perpetuate inflammation and ongoing cellular injury via various signaling cascades. Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a significant contributor to sterile inflammation after organ transplantation and is associated with detrimental short- and long-term outcomes. While the vicious cycle of sterile inflammation and cellular injury is remarkably consistent amongst different organs and even species, we have begun understanding its mechanistic basis only over the last few decades. This understanding has resulted in the developments of novel, yet non-specific therapies for mitigating IRI-induced graft damage, albeit with moderate results. Thus, further understanding of the mechanisms underlying sterile inflammation after transplantation is critical for identifying personalized therapies to prevent or interrupt this vicious cycle and mitigating allograft dysfunction. In this review, we identify common and distinct pathways of post-transplant sterile inflammation across both heart and lung transplantation that can potentially be targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Corbin Frye
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Amit I Bery
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Avenue, Campus Box 8052, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Hrishikesh S Kulkarni
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Avenue, Campus Box 8052, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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26
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Kopecky BJ, Frye C, Terada Y, Balsara KR, Kreisel D, Lavine KJ. Role of donor macrophages after heart and lung transplantation. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:1225-1235. [PMID: 31850651 PMCID: PMC7202685 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Since the 1960s, heart and lung transplantation has remained the optimal therapy for patients with end-stage disease, extending and improving quality of life for thousands of individuals annually. Expanding donor organ availability and immunologic compatibility is a priority to help meet the clinical demand for organ transplant. While effective, current immunosuppression is imperfect as it lacks specificity and imposes unintended adverse effects such as opportunistic infections and malignancy that limit the health and longevity of transplant recipients. In this review, we focus on donor macrophages as a new target to achieve allograft tolerance. Donor organ-directed therapies have the potential to improve allograft survival while minimizing patient harm related to global suppression of recipient immune responses. Topics highlighted include the role of ontogenically distinct donor macrophage populations in ischemia-reperfusion injury and rejection, including their interaction with allograft-infiltrating recipient immune cells and potential therapeutic approaches. Ultimately, a better understanding of how donor intrinsic immunity influences allograft acceptance and survival will provide new opportunities to improve the outcomes of transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Frye
- Department of Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Yuriko Terada
- Department of Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Keki R. Balsara
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Department of Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Kory J. Lavine
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri
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27
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Tanaka S, Gauthier JM, Fuchs A, Li W, Tong AY, Harrison MS, Higashikubo R, Terada Y, Hachem RR, Ruiz-Perez D, Ritter JH, Cella M, Colonna M, Turnbull IR, Krupnick AS, Gelman AE, Kreisel D. IL-22 is required for the induction of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue in tolerant lung allografts. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:1251-1261. [PMID: 31721409 PMCID: PMC7183893 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Long-term survival after lung transplantation remains profoundly limited by graft rejection. Recent work has shown that bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT), characterized by the development of peripheral nodal addressin (PNAd)-expressing high endothelial venules and enriched in B and Foxp3+ T cells, is important for the maintenance of allograft tolerance. Mechanisms underlying BALT induction in tolerant pulmonary allografts, however, remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the development of PNAd-expressing high endothelial venules within intragraft lymphoid follicles and the recruitment of B cells, but not Foxp3+ cells depends on IL-22. We identify graft-infiltrating gamma-delta (γδ) T cells and Type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) as important producers of IL-22. Reconstitution of IL-22 at late time points through retransplantation into wildtype hosts mediates B cell recruitment into lymphoid follicles within the allograft, resulting in a significant increase in their size, but does not induce PNAd expression. Our work has identified cellular and molecular requirements for the induction of BALT in pulmonary allografts during tolerance induction and may provide a platform for the development of new therapies for lung transplant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satona Tanaka
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Jason M. Gauthier
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Anja Fuchs
- Section of Acute and Critical Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Wenjun Li
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Alice Y. Tong
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - M. Shea Harrison
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Ryuji Higashikubo
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Yuriko Terada
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Ramsey R. Hachem
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Daniel Ruiz-Perez
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Jon H. Ritter
- Division of Experimental Surgery, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Cella
- Division of Experimental Surgery, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Colonna
- Division of Experimental Surgery, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isaiah R. Turnbull
- Section of Acute and Critical Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Alexander S. Krupnick
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Andrew E. Gelman
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri
- Division of Experimental Surgery, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri
- Division of Experimental Surgery, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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28
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Ueki H, Wang IH, Zhao D, Gunzer M, Kawaoka Y. Multicolor two-photon imaging of in vivo cellular pathophysiology upon influenza virus infection using the two-photon IMPRESS. Nat Protoc 2020; 15:1041-1065. [PMID: 31996843 PMCID: PMC7086515 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-019-0275-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In vivo two-photon imaging is a valuable technique for studies of viral pathogenesis and host responses to infection in vivo. In this protocol, we describe a methodology for analyzing influenza virus-infected lung in vivo by two-photon imaging microscopy. We describe the surgical procedure, how to stabilize the lung, and an approach to analyzing the data. Further, we provide a database of fluorescent dyes, antibodies, and reporter mouse lines that can be used in combination with a reporter influenza virus (Color-flu) for multicolor analysis. Setup of this model typically takes ~30 min and enables the observation of influenza virus-infected lungs for >4 h during the acute phase of the inflammation and at least 1 h in the lethal phase. This imaging system, which we termed two-photon IMPRESS (imaging pathophysiology research system), is broadly applicable to analyses of other respiratory pathogens and reveals disease progression at the cellular level in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ueki
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - I-Hsuan Wang
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dongming Zhao
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Matthias Gunzer
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
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29
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Charles EJ, Chordia MD, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Mehaffey JH, Glover DK, Dimastromatteo J, Chancellor WZ, Sharma AK, Kron IL, Pan D, Laubach VE. SPECT imaging of lung ischemia-reperfusion injury using [ 99mTc]cFLFLF for molecular targeting of formyl peptide receptor 1. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L304-L313. [PMID: 31800262 PMCID: PMC7052676 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00220.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation, a consequence of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. IRI involves acute inflammation and innate immune cell activation, leading to rapid infiltration of neutrophils. Formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) expressed by phagocytic leukocytes plays an important role in neutrophil function. The cell surface expression of FPR1 is rapidly and robustly upregulated on neutrophils in response to inflammatory stimuli. Thus, we hypothesized that use of [99mTc]cFLFLF, a selective FPR1 peptide ligand, would permit in vivo neutrophil labeling and noninvasive imaging of IRI using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). A murine model of left lung IRI was utilized. Lung function, neutrophil infiltration, and SPECT imaging were assessed after 1 h of ischemia and 2, 12, or 24 h of reperfusion. [99mTc]cFLFLF was injected 2 h before SPECT. Signal intensity by SPECT and total probe uptake by gamma counts were 3.9- and 2.3-fold higher, respectively, in left lungs after ischemia and 2 h of reperfusion versus sham. These values significantly decreased with longer reperfusion times, correlating with resolution of IRI as shown by improved lung function and decreased neutrophil infiltration. SPECT results were confirmed using Cy7-cFLFLF-based fluorescence imaging of lungs. Immunofluorescence microscopy confirmed cFLFLF binding primarily to activated neutrophils. These results demonstrate that [99mTc]cFLFLF SPECT enables noninvasive detection of lung IRI and permits monitoring of resolution of injury over time. Clinical application of [99mTc]cFLFLF SPECT may permit diagnosis of lung IRI for timely intervention to improve outcomes after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J. Charles
- 1Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Mahendra D. Chordia
- 2Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Yunge Zhao
- 1Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Yi Zhang
- 5Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - J. Hunter Mehaffey
- 1Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - David K. Glover
- 3Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Julien Dimastromatteo
- 4Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - W. Zachary Chancellor
- 1Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Ashish K. Sharma
- 1Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Irving L. Kron
- 1Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Dongfeng Pan
- 2Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Victor E. Laubach
- 1Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
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30
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Scozzi D, Ibrahim M, Liao F, Lin X, Hsiao HM, Hachem R, Tague LK, Ricci A, Kulkarni HS, Huang HJ, Sugimoto S, Krupnick AS, Kreisel D, Gelman AE. Mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns released by lung transplants are associated with primary graft dysfunction. Am J Transplant 2019; 19:1464-1477. [PMID: 30582269 PMCID: PMC6482093 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is a major limitation in short- and long-term lung transplant survival. Recent work has shown that mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (mtDAMPs) can promote solid organ injury, but whether they contribute to PGD severity remains unclear. We quantitated circulating plasma mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in 62 patients, before lung transplantation and shortly after arrival to the intensive care unit. Although all recipients released mtDNA, high levels were associated with severe PGD development. In a mouse orthotopic lung transplant model of PGD, we detected airway cell-free damaged mitochondria and mtDNA in the peripheral circulation. Pharmacologic inhibition or genetic deletion of formylated peptide receptor 1 (FPR1), a chemotaxis sensor for N-formylated peptides released by damaged mitochondria, inhibited graft injury. An analysis of intragraft neutrophil-trafficking patterns reveals that FPR1 enhances neutrophil transepithelial migration and retention within airways but does not control extravasation. Using donor lungs that express a mitochondria-targeted reporter protein, we also show that FPR1-mediated neutrophil trafficking is coupled with the engulfment of damaged mitochondria, which in turn triggers reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced pulmonary edema. Therefore, our data demonstrate an association between mtDAMP release and PGD development and suggest that neutrophil trafficking and effector responses to damaged mitochondria are drivers of graft damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Scozzi
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Clinical & Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mohsen Ibrahim
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department Medical-Surgical Science & Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fuyi Liao
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Xue Lin
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Hsi-Min Hsiao
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ramsey Hachem
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Laneshia K Tague
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Alberto Ricci
- Department of Clinical & Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Hrishikesh S Kulkarni
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Howard J Huang
- Houston Methodist J. C. Walter Jr. Transplant Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Seiichiro Sugimoto
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Alexander S Krupnick
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Andrew E Gelman
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department Medical-Surgical Science & Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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31
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Diagnosis, Pathophysiology and Experimental Models of Chronic Lung Allograft Rejection. Transplantation 2019; 102:1459-1466. [PMID: 29683998 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic rejection is the Achilles heel of modern lung transplantation, characterized by a slow, progressive decline in allograft function. Clinically, this manifests as obstructive disease, restrictive disease, or a mixture of the 2 depending on the underlying pathology. The 2 major phenotypes of chronic rejection include bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome and restrictive allograft syndrome. The last decade of research has revealed that each of these phenotypes has a unique underlying pathophysiology which may require a distinct treatment regimen for optimal control. Insights into the intricate alloimmune pathways contributing to chronic rejection have been gained from both large and small animal models, suggesting directions for future research. In this review, we explore the pathological hallmarks of chronic rejection, recent insights gained from both clinical and basic science research, and the current state of animal models of chronic lung rejection.
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32
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Li W, Gauthier JM, Higashikubo R, Hsiao HM, Tanaka S, Vuong L, Ritter JH, Tong AY, Wong BW, Hachem RR, Puri V, Bharat A, Krupnick AS, Hsieh CS, Baldwin WM, Kelly FL, Palmer SM, Gelman AE, Kreisel D. Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue-resident Foxp3+ T lymphocytes prevent antibody-mediated lung rejection. J Clin Invest 2018; 129:556-568. [PMID: 30561386 DOI: 10.1172/jci122083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is a principal cause of acute and chronic failure of lung allografts. However, mechanisms mediating this oftentimes fatal complication are poorly understood. Here, we show that Foxp3+ T cells formed aggregates in rejection-free human lung grafts and accumulated within induced bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) of tolerant mouse lungs. Using a retransplantation model, we show that selective depletion of graft-resident Foxp3+ T lymphocytes resulted in the generation of donor-specific antibodies (DSA) and AMR, which was associated with complement deposition and destruction of airway epithelium. AMR was dependent on graft infiltration by B and T cells. Depletion of graft-resident Foxp3+ T lymphocytes resulted in prolonged interactions between B and CD4+ T cells within transplanted lungs, which was dependent on CXCR5-CXCL13. Blockade of CXCL13 as well as inhibition of the CD40 ligand and the ICOS ligand suppressed DSA production and prevented AMR. Thus, we have shown that regulatory Foxp3+ T cells residing within BALT of tolerant pulmonary allografts function to suppress B cell activation, a finding that challenges the prevailing view that regulation of humoral responses occurs peripherally. As pulmonary AMR is largely refractory to current immunosuppression, our findings provide a platform for developing therapies that target local immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ramsey R Hachem
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Ankit Bharat
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alexander S Krupnick
- Department of Surgery, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Chyi S Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - William M Baldwin
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Francine L Kelly
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Scott M Palmer
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andrew E Gelman
- Department of Surgery.,Department of Pathology & Immunology, and
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Department of Surgery.,Department of Pathology & Immunology, and
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33
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Looney MR, Headley MB. Live imaging of the pulmonary immune environment. Cell Immunol 2018; 350:103862. [PMID: 30336937 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The lung represents a unique immune environment. The primary function of the lung is to enable gas exchange by facilitating the transfer of oxygen into and carbon dioxide out of the blood. However, as a direct byproduct of this process the lung is also constantly exposed to particles, allergens, and pathogens alongside air itself. Due to this, the pulmonary immune system exists in a fine balance between quiescence and inflammation, deviations from which can lead to a failure in respiratory function. A rich history exists attempting to define the critical features of lung immunity, and most recently advances in intravital microscopy have enabled the visualization of intercellular immune dynamics in both steady-state and a variety of disease conditions. In this review, we will summarize a variety of approaches to intravital lung imaging as well as how its application has advanced our understanding of normal lung function as well as disease states such as pulmonary metastasis, asthma, and lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Looney
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mark B Headley
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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Sharma AK, Charles EJ, Zhao Y, Narahari AK, Baderdinni PK, Good ME, Lorenz UM, Kron IL, Bayliss DA, Ravichandran KS, Isakson BE, Laubach VE. Pannexin-1 channels on endothelial cells mediate vascular inflammation during lung ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 315:L301-L312. [PMID: 29745255 PMCID: PMC6139659 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00004.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury (IRI), which involves inflammation, vascular permeability, and edema, remains a major challenge after lung transplantation. Pannexin-1 (Panx1) channels modulate cellular ATP release during inflammation. This study tests the hypothesis that endothelial Panx1 is a key mediator of vascular inflammation and edema after I/R and that IRI can be blocked by Panx1 antagonism. A murine hilar ligation model of IRI was used whereby left lungs underwent 1 h of ischemia and 2 h of reperfusion. Treatment of wild-type mice with Panx1 inhibitors (carbenoxolone or probenecid) significantly attenuated I/R-induced pulmonary dysfunction, edema, cytokine production, and neutrophil infiltration versus vehicle-treated mice. In addition, VE-Cad-CreERT2+/Panx1fl/fl mice (tamoxifen-inducible deletion of Panx1 in vascular endothelium) treated with tamoxifen were significantly protected from IRI (reduced dysfunction, endothelial permeability, edema, proinflammatory cytokines, and neutrophil infiltration) versus vehicle-treated mice. Furthermore, extracellular ATP levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is Panx1-mediated after I/R as it was markedly attenuated by Panx1 antagonism in wild-type mice and by endothelial-specific Panx1 deficiency. Panx1 gene expression in lungs after I/R was also significantly elevated compared with sham. In vitro experiments demonstrated that TNF-α and/or hypoxia-reoxygenation induced ATP release from lung microvascular endothelial cells, which was attenuated by Panx1 inhibitors. This study is the first, to our knowledge, to demonstrate that endothelial Panx1 plays a key role in mediating vascular permeability, inflammation, edema, leukocyte infiltration, and lung dysfunction after I/R. Pharmacological antagonism of Panx1 activity may be a novel therapeutic strategy to prevent IRI and primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish K Sharma
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Eric J Charles
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Yunge Zhao
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Adishesh K Narahari
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Pranav K Baderdinni
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Miranda E Good
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Ulrike M Lorenz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer, University of Virginia School of Medicine , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Irving L Kron
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Douglas A Bayliss
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Kodi S Ravichandran
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer, University of Virginia School of Medicine , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Victor E Laubach
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine , Charlottesville, Virginia
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35
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Hsiao HM, Fernandez R, Tanaka S, Li W, Spahn JH, Chiu S, Akbarpour M, Ruiz-Perez D, Wu Q, Turam C, Scozzi D, Takahashi T, Luehmann HP, Puri V, Budinger GS, Krupnick AS, Misharin AV, Lavine KJ, Liu Y, Gelman AE, Bharat A, Kreisel D. Spleen-derived classical monocytes mediate lung ischemia-reperfusion injury through IL-1β. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:2833-2847. [PMID: 29781811 PMCID: PMC6025976 DOI: 10.1172/jci98436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury, a form of sterile inflammation, is the leading risk factor for both short-term mortality following pulmonary transplantation and chronic lung allograft dysfunction. While it is well recognized that neutrophils are critical mediators of acute lung injury, processes that guide their entry into pulmonary tissue are not well understood. Here, we found that CCR2+ classical monocytes are necessary and sufficient for mediating extravasation of neutrophils into pulmonary tissue during ischemia-reperfusion injury following hilar clamping or lung transplantation. The classical monocytes were mobilized from the host spleen, and splenectomy attenuated the recruitment of classical monocytes as well as the entry of neutrophils into injured lung tissue, which was associated with improved graft function. Neutrophil extravasation was mediated by MyD88-dependent IL-1β production by graft-infiltrating classical monocytes, which downregulated the expression of the tight junction-associated protein ZO-2 in pulmonary vascular endothelial cells. Thus, we have uncovered a crucial role for classical monocytes, mobilized from the spleen, in mediating neutrophil extravasation, with potential implications for targeting of recipient classical monocytes to ameliorate pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion injury in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Min Hsiao
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ramiro Fernandez
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Satona Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jessica H. Spahn
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Stephen Chiu
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mahzad Akbarpour
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel Ruiz-Perez
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Cem Turam
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Davide Scozzi
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Takahashi
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Hannah P. Luehmann
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Varun Puri
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Yongjian Liu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Andrew E. Gelman
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ankit Bharat
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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36
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Zheng Z, Chiu S, Akbarpour M, Sun H, Reyfman PA, Anekalla KR, Abdala-Valencia H, Edgren D, Li W, Kreisel D, Korobova FV, Fernandez R, McQuattie-Pimentel A, Zhang ZJ, Perlman H, Misharin AV, Scott Budinger GR, Bharat A. Donor pulmonary intravascular nonclassical monocytes recruit recipient neutrophils and mediate primary lung allograft dysfunction. Sci Transl Med 2018; 9:9/394/eaal4508. [PMID: 28615357 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aal4508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Primary graft dysfunction is the predominant driver of mortality and graft loss after lung transplantation. Recruitment of neutrophils as a result of ischemia-reperfusion injury is thought to cause primary graft dysfunction; however, the mechanisms that regulate neutrophil influx into the injured lung are incompletely understood. We found that donor-derived intravascular nonclassical monocytes (NCMs) are retained in human and murine donor lungs used in transplantation and can be visualized at sites of endothelial injury after reperfusion. When NCMs in the donor lungs were depleted, either pharmacologically or genetically, neutrophil influx and lung graft injury were attenuated in both allogeneic and syngeneic models. Similar protection was observed when the patrolling function of donor NCMs was impaired by deletion of the fractalkine receptor CX3CR1. Unbiased transcriptomic profiling revealed up-regulation of MyD88 pathway genes and a key neutrophil chemoattractant, CXCL2, in donor-derived NCMs after reperfusion. Reconstitution of NCM-depleted donor lungs with wild-type but not MyD88-deficient NCMs rescued neutrophil migration. Donor NCMs, through MyD88 signaling, were responsible for CXCL2 production in the allograft and neutralization of CXCL2 attenuated neutrophil influx. These findings suggest that therapies to deplete or inhibit NCMs in donor lung might ameliorate primary graft dysfunction with minimal toxicity to the recipient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikun Zheng
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Stephen Chiu
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Mahzad Akbarpour
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Haiying Sun
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Paul A Reyfman
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Kishore R Anekalla
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Hiam Abdala-Valencia
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Daphne Edgren
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Farida V Korobova
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ramiro Fernandez
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | | | - Zheng J Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Harris Perlman
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Alexander V Misharin
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - G R Scott Budinger
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ankit Bharat
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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37
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Takahashi T, Hsiao HM, Tanaka S, Li W, Higashikubo R, Scozzi D, Bharat A, Ritter JH, Krupnick AS, Gelman AE, Kreisel D. PD-1 expression on CD8 + T cells regulates their differentiation within lung allografts and is critical for tolerance induction. Am J Transplant 2018; 18:216-225. [PMID: 28730633 PMCID: PMC5739961 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Immunological requirements for rejection and tolerance induction differ between various organs. While memory CD8+ T cells are considered a barrier to immunosuppression-mediated acceptance of most tissues and organs, tolerance induction after lung transplantation is critically dependent on central memory CD8+ T lymphocytes. Here we demonstrate that costimulation blockade-mediated tolerance after lung transplantation is dependent on programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) expression on CD8+ T cells. In the absence of PD-1 expression, CD8+ T cells form prolonged interactions with graft-infiltrating CD11c+ cells; their differentiation is skewed towards an effector memory phenotype and grafts are rejected acutely. These findings extend the notion that requirements for tolerance induction after lung transplantation differ from other organs. Thus, immunosuppressive strategies for lung transplant recipients need to be tailored based on the unique immunological properties of this organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Takahashi
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - HM Hsiao
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - S Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - W Li
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - R Higashikubo
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - D Scozzi
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - A Bharat
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University
| | - JH Ritter
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - AS Krupnick
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia
| | - AE Gelman
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis,Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - D Kreisel
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis,Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis,Corresponding author: Daniel Kreisel, M.D., Ph.D., Professor of Surgery, Pathology & Immunology, Campus Box 8234, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, Tel: (314) 362-6021, Fax: (314) 367-8459,
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38
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Abstract
Primary graft dysfunction is a form of acute injury after lung transplantation that is associated with significant short- and long-term morbidity and mortality. Multiple mechanisms contribute to the pathogenesis of primary graft dysfunction, including ischemia reperfusion injury, epithelial cell death, endothelial cell dysfunction, innate immune activation, oxidative stress, and release of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. This article reviews the epidemiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, prevention, and treatment of primary graft dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Porteous
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - James C Lee
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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39
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Role of monocytes and macrophages in regulating immune response following lung transplantation. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2017; 21:239-45. [PMID: 26977996 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000000313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Advances in the field of monocyte and macrophage biology have dramatically changed our understanding of their role during homeostasis and inflammation. Here we review the role of these important innate immune effectors in the lung during inflammatory challenges including lung transplantation. RECENT FINDINGS Neutrophil extravasation into lung tissue and the alveolar space have been shown to be pathogenic during acute lung injury as well as primary graft dysfunction following lung transplantation. Recent advances in lung immunology have demonstrated the remarkable plasticity of both monocytes and macrophages and demonstrated their importance as mediators of neutrophil recruitment and transendothelial migration during inflammation. SUMMARY Monocytes and macrophages are emerging as key players in mediating both the pathogen response and sterile lung inflammation, including that arising from barotrauma and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Ongoing studies will establish the mechanisms by which these monocytes and macrophages initiate a variety of immune response that lay the fundamental basis of injury response in the lung.
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40
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Lungs are extremely susceptible to injury, and despite advances in surgical management and immunosuppression, outcomes for lung transplantation are the worst of any solid organ transplant. The success of lung transplantation is limited by high rates of primary graft dysfunction because of ischemia-reperfusion injury characterized by robust inflammation, alveolar damage, and vascular permeability. This review will summarize major mechanisms of lung ischemia-reperfusion injury with a focus on the most recent findings in this area. RECENT FINDINGS Over the past 18 months, numerous studies have described strategies to limit lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in experimental settings, which often reveal mechanistic insight. Many of these strategies involved the use of various antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, mesenchymal stem cells, and ventilation with gaseous molecules. Further advancements have been achieved in understanding mechanisms of innate immune cell activation, neutrophil infiltration, endothelial barrier dysfunction, and oxidative stress responses. SUMMARY Methods for prevention of primary graft dysfunction after lung transplant are urgently needed, and understanding mechanisms of ischemia-reperfusion injury is critical for the development of novel and effective therapeutic approaches. In doing so, both acute and chronic outcomes of lung transplant recipients will be significantly improved.
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41
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Gelman AE, Fisher AJ, Huang HJ, Baz MA, Shaver CM, Egan TM, Mulligan MS. Report of the ISHLT Working Group on Primary Lung Graft Dysfunction Part III: Mechanisms: A 2016 Consensus Group Statement of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017; 36:1114-1120. [PMID: 28818404 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Gelman
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
| | - Andrew J Fisher
- Institute of Transplantation, Freeman Hospital and Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Howard J Huang
- Annette C. and Harold C. Simmons Transplant Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Maher A Baz
- Departments of Medicine and Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Ciara M Shaver
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Thomas M Egan
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Micheal S Mulligan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
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42
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Diamond JM, Cantu E, Porteous M, Suzuki Y, Meyer KC, Lederer D, Milewski RK, Arcasoy S, D’Ovidio F, Bacchetta M, Sonett JR, Singh G, Costa J, Tobias JW, Rodriguez H, Van Deerlin VM, Olthoff KM, Shaked A, Chang BL, Christie JD. Peripheral Blood Gene Expression Changes Associated With Primary Graft Dysfunction After Lung Transplantation. Am J Transplant 2017; 17:1770-1777. [PMID: 28117940 PMCID: PMC5489369 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Recipient responses to primary graft dysfunction (PGD) after lung transplantation may have important implications to the fate of the allograft. We therefore evaluated longitudinal differences in peripheral blood gene expression in subjects with PGD. RNA expression was measured throughout the first transplant year in 106 subjects enrolled in the Clinical Trials in Organ Transplantation-03 study using a panel of 100 hypothesis-driven genes. PGD was defined as grade 3 in the first 72 posttransplant hours. Eighteen genes were differentially expressed over the first year based on PGD development, with significant representation from innate and adaptive immunity genes, with most differences identified very early after transplant. Sixteen genes were overexpressed in the blood of patients with PGD compared to those without PGD within 7 days of allograft reperfusion, with most transcripts encoding innate immune/inflammasome-related proteins, including genes previously associated with PGD. Thirteen genes were underexpressed in patients with PGD compared to those without PGD within 7 days of transplant, highlighted by T cell and adaptive immune regulation genes. Differences in gene expression present within 2 h of reperfusion and persist for days after transplant. Future investigation will focus on the long-term implications of these gene expression differences on the outcome of the allograft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M. Diamond
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Edward Cantu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mary Porteous
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Yoshikazu Suzuki
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Keith C. Meyer
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - David Lederer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Rita K. Milewski
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Selim Arcasoy
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Frank D’Ovidio
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Matthew Bacchetta
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Joshua R. Sonett
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Gopal Singh
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Joseph Costa
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - John W. Tobias
- Penn Molecular Profiling Facility, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Hetty Rodriguez
- Penn Molecular Profiling Facility, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Vivianna M. Van Deerlin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kim M. Olthoff
- Penn Transplant Institute, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Abraham Shaked
- Penn Transplant Institute, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Bao-Li Chang
- Penn Transplant Institute, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jason D. Christie
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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43
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Lama VN, Belperio JA, Christie JD, El-Chemaly S, Fishbein MC, Gelman AE, Hancock WW, Keshavjee S, Kreisel D, Laubach VE, Looney MR, McDyer JF, Mohanakumar T, Shilling RA, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Wilkes DS, Eu JP, Nicolls MR. Models of Lung Transplant Research: a consensus statement from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute workshop. JCI Insight 2017; 2:93121. [PMID: 28469087 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.93121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung transplantation, a cure for a number of end-stage lung diseases, continues to have the worst long-term outcomes when compared with other solid organ transplants. Preclinical modeling of the most common and serious lung transplantation complications are essential to better understand and mitigate the pathophysiological processes that lead to these complications. Various animal and in vitro models of lung transplant complications now exist and each of these models has unique strengths. However, significant issues, such as the required technical expertise as well as the robustness and clinical usefulness of these models, remain to be overcome or clarified. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) convened a workshop in March 2016 to review the state of preclinical science addressing the three most important complications of lung transplantation: primary graft dysfunction (PGD), acute rejection (AR), and chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). In addition, the participants of the workshop were tasked to make consensus recommendations on the best use of these complimentary models to close our knowledge gaps in PGD, AR, and CLAD. Their reviews and recommendations are summarized in this report. Furthermore, the participants outlined opportunities to collaborate and directions to accelerate research using these preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibha N Lama
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - John A Belperio
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jason D Christie
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Souheil El-Chemaly
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael C Fishbein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Andrew E Gelman
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Wayne W Hancock
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shaf Keshavjee
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Victor E Laubach
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Mark R Looney
- Department of Medicine, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - John F McDyer
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Rebecca A Shilling
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari
- Departments of Pediatrics, and Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - David S Wilkes
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Jerry P Eu
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark R Nicolls
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine/VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Stanford, California, USA
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44
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Hsiao HM, Scozzi D, Gauthier JM, Kreisel D. Mechanisms of graft rejection after lung transplantation. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2017; 22:29-35. [PMID: 27861263 PMCID: PMC5443682 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000000371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To date, outcomes after lung transplantation are far worse than after transplantation of other solid organs. New insights into mechanisms that contribute to graft rejection and tolerance after lung transplantation remain of great interest. This review examines the recent literature on the role of innate and adaptive immunity in shaping the fate of lung grafts. RECENT FINDINGS Innate and adaptive immune cells orchestrate allograft rejection after transplantation. Innate immune cells such as neutrophils are recruited to the lung graft early after reperfusion and subsequently promote allograft rejection. Although it is widely recognized that CD4 T lymphocytes in concert with CD8 T cells promote graft rejection, regulatory Foxp3 CD4 T, central memory CD8 T cells, and natural killer cells can facilitate tolerance. SUMMARY This review highlights interactions between innate and adaptive immune pathways and how they contribute to lung allograft rejection. These findings lay a foundation for the design of new therapeutic strategies that target both innate and adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Min Hsiao
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Davide Scozzi
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Jason M. Gauthier
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
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Fiole D, Tournier JN. Intravital microscopy of the lung: minimizing invasiveness. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2016; 9:868-878. [PMID: 26846880 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201500246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In vivo microscopy has recently become a gold standard in lung immunology studies involving small animals, largely benefiting from the democratization of multiphoton microscopy allowing for deep tissue imaging. This technology represents currently our only way of exploring the lungs and inferring what happens in human respiratory medicine. The interest of lung in vivo microscopy essentially relies upon its relevance as a study model, fulfilling physiological requirements in comparison with in vitro and ex vivo experiments. However, strategies developed in order to overcome movements of the thorax caused by breathing and heartbeats remain the chief drawback of the technique and a major source of invasiveness. In this context, minimizing invasiveness is an unavoidable prerequisite for any improvement of lung in vivo microscopy. This review puts into perspective the main techniques enabling lung in vivo microscopy, providing pros and cons regarding invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fiole
- Unité Interactions Hôte-Agents pathogènes, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge cedex, 91223, France.
- Human Histopathology and Animal Models, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du docteur Roux, Paris, 75725, France.
| | - Jean-Nicolas Tournier
- Unité Interactions Hôte-Agents pathogènes, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge cedex, 91223, France
- Laboratoire Pathogénie des Toxi-Infections Bactériennes, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du docteur Roux, Paris, 75725, France
- Ecole du Val-de-Grâce, 1 place Alphonse Laveran, Paris, 75230, France
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Li W, Hsiao HM, Higashikubo R, Saunders BT, Bharat A, Goldstein DR, Krupnick AS, Gelman AE, Lavine KJ, Kreisel D. Heart-resident CCR2 + macrophages promote neutrophil extravasation through TLR9/MyD88/CXCL5 signaling. JCI Insight 2016; 1:87315. [PMID: 27536731 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.87315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that maladaptive innate immune responses to sterile tissue injury represent a fundamental mechanism of disease pathogenesis. In the context of cardiac ischemia reperfusion injury, neutrophils enter inflamed heart tissue, where they play an important role in potentiating tissue damage and contributing to contractile dysfunction. The precise mechanisms that govern how neutrophils are recruited to and enter the injured heart are incompletely understood. Using a model of cardiac transplant-mediated ischemia reperfusion injury and intravital 2-photon imaging of beating mouse hearts, we determined that tissue-resident CCR2+ monocyte-derived macrophages are essential mediators of neutrophil recruitment into ischemic myocardial tissue. Our studies revealed that neutrophil extravasation is mediated by a TLR9/MyD88/CXCL5 pathway. Intravital 2-photon imaging demonstrated that CXCL2 and CXCL5 play critical and nonredundant roles in guiding neutrophil adhesion and crawling, respectively. Together, these findings uncover a specific role for a tissue-resident monocyte-derived macrophage subset in sterile tissue inflammation and support the evolving concept that macrophage ontogeny is an important determinant of function. Furthermore, our results provide the framework for targeting of cell-specific signaling pathways in myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Brian T Saunders
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ankit Bharat
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel R Goldstein
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute for Gerontology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alexander S Krupnick
- Department of Surgery and.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Andrew E Gelman
- Department of Surgery and.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kory J Lavine
- Department of Medicine, Washington University of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Department of Surgery and.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Porteous MK, Diamond JM, Christie JD. Primary graft dysfunction: lessons learned about the first 72 h after lung transplantation. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2015; 20:506-14. [PMID: 26262465 PMCID: PMC4624097 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000000232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In 2005, the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation published a standardized definition of primary graft dysfunction (PGD), facilitating new knowledge on this form of acute lung injury that occurs within 72 h of lung transplantation. PGD continues to be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This article will summarize the current literature on the epidemiology of PGD, pathogenesis, risk factors, and preventive and treatment strategies. RECENT FINDINGS Since 2011, several manuscripts have been published that provide insight into the clinical risk factors and pathogenesis of PGD. In addition, several transplant centers have explored preventive and treatment strategies for PGD, including the use of extracorporeal strategies. More recently, results from several trials assessing the role of extracorporeal lung perfusion may allow for much-needed expansion of the donor pool, without raising PGD rates. SUMMARY This article will highlight the current state of the science regarding PGD, focusing on recent advances, and set a framework for future preventive and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Porteous
- aDepartment of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA bCenter for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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