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Michailidou D, Giaglis S, Dale GL. The platelet-mitochondria nexus in autoimmune and musculoskeletal diseases. Clin Immunol 2024; 267:110350. [PMID: 39218194 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Platelets are crucial for thrombosis and hemostasis. Importantly, they contain mitochondria that are responsible for energy generation and therefore vital for platelet survival and activation. Activated platelets can release mitochondria that may be free or encapsulated in platelet extracellular vesicles (EVs). Extruded mitochondria are a well-known source of mitochondrial DNA, and mitochondrial antigens that can be targeted by autoantibodies forming immune complexes (IC). Interaction of IC with the platelet cell surface FcγRIIA receptor results in platelet activation and release of platelet granule components. In this review, we summarize how platelets and mitochondria may contribute to the pathogenesis of different autoimmune and musculoskeletal diseases. Targeting key drivers of mitochondrial extrusion may ultimately lead to urgently needed targeted pharmacological interventions for treating inflammation and thrombotic diathesis, and halting organ damage in some of these rheumatological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despina Michailidou
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Oklahoma City VA Health Care System, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Stavros Giaglis
- Laboratory for Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - George L Dale
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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2
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Pei X, Liu L, Wang J, Guo C, Li Q, Li J, Ren Q, Ma R, Zheng Y, Zhang Y, Liu L, Zheng D, Wang P, Jiang P, Feng X, Jiang E, Wang Y, Feng S. Exosomal secreted SCIMP regulates communication between macrophages and neutrophils in pneumonia. Nat Commun 2024; 15:691. [PMID: 38263143 PMCID: PMC10805922 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44714-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In pneumonia, the deficient or delayed pathogen clearance can lead to pathogen proliferation and subsequent overactive immune responses, inducing acute lung injury (ALI). While screening human genome coding genes using our peripheral blood cell chemotactic platform, we unexpectedly find SLP adaptor and CSK interacting membrane protein (SCIMP), a protein with neutrophil chemotactic activity secreted during ALI. However, the specific role of SCIMP in ALI remains unclear. In this study, we investigate the secretion of SCIMP in exosomes (SCIMPexo) by macrophages after bacterial stimulation, both in vitro and in vivo. We observe a significant increase in the levels of SCIMPexo in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum of pneumonia patients. We also find that bronchial perfusion with SCIMPexo or SCIMP N-terminal peptides increases the survival rate of the ALI model. This occurs due to the chemoattraction and activation of peripheral neutrophils dependent on formyl peptide receptor 1/2 (FPR1/2). Conversely, exosome suppressors and FPR1/2 antagonists decrease the survival rate in the lethal ALI model. Scimp-deficient and Fpr1/2-deficient mice also have lower survival rates and shorter survival times than wild-type mice. However, bronchial perfusion of SCIMP rescues Scimp-deficient mice but not Fpr1/2-deficient mice. Collectively, our findings suggest that the macrophage-SCIMP-FPRs-neutrophil axis plays a vital role in the innate immune process underlying ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, P. R. China.
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, P. R. China.
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, P. R. China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, P. R. China
| | - Jieru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, P. R. China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, P. R. China
| | - Changyuan Guo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, P. R. China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, P. R. China
| | - Qian Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, P. R. China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, P. R. China
| | - Runzhi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, P. R. China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Li Liu
- Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
| | - Danfeng Zheng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Pingzhang Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, P. R. China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, P. R. China
| | - Erlie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, P. R. China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China.
| | - Sizhou Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, P. R. China.
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, P. R. China.
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3
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Mormile I, Tuccillo F, Della Casa F, D’Aiuto V, Montuori N, De Rosa M, Napolitano F, de Paulis A, Rossi FW. The Benefits of Water from Nitrodi's Spring: The In Vitro Studies Leading the Potential Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13685. [PMID: 37761993 PMCID: PMC10531131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products (water, plants, and minerals) have been studied for diverse applications in health and disease. Since there has been a growing interest in the introduction of thermal water as a clinical complementary approach in the treatment of low-grade inflammation and stress-related conditions, this review focuses on the oldest spa in the world: Nitrodi's spring. Substantial studies in the 1960s showed that both the internal and external use of Nitrodi's water yielded several benefits in physiological processes and in treating certain disorders, mainly allergic and autoimmune inflammatory conditions. More recently, a novel interest in Nitrodi's water has prompted researchers to further explore the effects of this water and shed light on the molecular mechanisms sustaining its therapeutic efficacy. In different epithelial cell models, Nitrodi's water had strong promotional effects on proliferation, cell migration, cell viability, and fibroblast to myofibroblast transition, all of which essential for wound healing and tissue remodeling. Moreover, Nitrodi's water exhibited anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties through the inhibition of ROS production and protein S-nitrosylation. Here, we have collected the clinical and basic data on Nitrodi's water and reviewed articles that have discussed its use as a potential treatment for several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and age-related skin deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Mormile
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.M.); (F.D.C.); (N.M.); (A.d.P.); (F.W.R.)
| | - Fabiana Tuccillo
- Department of Law, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Francesca Della Casa
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.M.); (F.D.C.); (N.M.); (A.d.P.); (F.W.R.)
| | - Valentina D’Aiuto
- Post-Graduate Program in Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Nunzia Montuori
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.M.); (F.D.C.); (N.M.); (A.d.P.); (F.W.R.)
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), WAO Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marina De Rosa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Filomena Napolitano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.M.); (F.D.C.); (N.M.); (A.d.P.); (F.W.R.)
| | - Amato de Paulis
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.M.); (F.D.C.); (N.M.); (A.d.P.); (F.W.R.)
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), WAO Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Wanda Rossi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.M.); (F.D.C.); (N.M.); (A.d.P.); (F.W.R.)
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), WAO Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Napolitano F, Giudice V, Selleri C, Montuori N. Plasminogen System in the Pathophysiology of Sepsis: Upcoming Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12376. [PMID: 37569751 PMCID: PMC10418678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe hemostatic disturbances and impaired fibrinolysis occur in sepsis. In the most serious cases, the dysregulation of fibrinolysis contributes to septic shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and death. Therefore, an analysis of circulating concentrations of pro- and anti-fibrinolytic mediators could be a winning strategy in both the diagnosis and the treatment of sepsis. However, the optimal cutoff value, the timing of the measurements, and their combination with coagulation indicators should be further investigated. The purpose of this review is to summarize all relevant publications regarding the role of the main components of the plasminogen activation system (PAS) in the pathophysiology of sepsis. In addition, the clinical value of PAS-associated biomarkers in the diagnosis and the outcomes of patients with septic syndrome will be explored. In particular, experimental and clinical trials performed in emergency departments highlight the validity of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) as a predictive and prognostic biomarker in patients with sepsis. The measurements of PAI-I may also be useful, as its increase is an early manifestation of sepsis and may precede the development of thrombocytopenia. The upcoming years will undoubtedly see progress in the use of PAS-associated laboratory parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Napolitano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Valentina Giudice
- Hematology and Transplant Center, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy; (V.G.); (C.S.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Carmine Selleri
- Hematology and Transplant Center, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy; (V.G.); (C.S.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Nunzia Montuori
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), WAO Center of Excellence, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy
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Napolitano F, Postiglione L, Mormile I, Barrella V, de Paulis A, Montuori N, Rossi FW. Water from Nitrodi’s Spring Induces Dermal Fibroblast and Keratinocyte Activation, Thus Promoting Wound Repair in the Skin: An In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065357. [PMID: 36982430 PMCID: PMC10049109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The Romans knew of Nitrodi’s spring on the island of Ischia more than 2000 years ago. Although the health benefits attributed to Nitrodi’s water are numerous, the underlying mechanisms are still not understood. In this study, we aim to analyze the physicochemical properties and biological effects of Nitrodi’s water on human dermal fibroblasts to determine whether the water exerts in vitro effects that could be relevant to skin wound healing. The results obtained from the study indicate that Nitrodi’s water exerts strong promotional effects on dermal fibroblast viability and a significant stimulatory activity on cell migration. Nitrodi’s water induces alpha-SMA expression in dermal fibroblasts, thus promoting their transition to myofibroblast-protein ECM deposition. Furthermore, Nitrodi’s water reduces intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which play an important role in human skin aging and dermal damage. Unsurprisingly, Nitrodi’s water has significant stimulatory effects on the cell proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes and inhibits the basal ROS production but enhances their response to the oxidative stress caused by external stimuli. Our results will contribute to the development of human clinical trials and further in vitro studies to identify inorganic and/or organic compounds responsible for pharmacological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Napolitano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.N.); (L.P.); (I.M.); (A.d.P.); (N.M.)
| | - Loredana Postiglione
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.N.); (L.P.); (I.M.); (A.d.P.); (N.M.)
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), WAO Center of Excellence, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Mormile
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.N.); (L.P.); (I.M.); (A.d.P.); (N.M.)
| | | | - Amato de Paulis
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.N.); (L.P.); (I.M.); (A.d.P.); (N.M.)
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), WAO Center of Excellence, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzia Montuori
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.N.); (L.P.); (I.M.); (A.d.P.); (N.M.)
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), WAO Center of Excellence, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Wanda Rossi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.N.); (L.P.); (I.M.); (A.d.P.); (N.M.)
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), WAO Center of Excellence, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-746-3175
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Ling SA, Mao BP, Lu JQ, Li SH, Liao X, Liu HW. The activation of FPR3/PKA/Rap1/ERK1/2 and FPR3/p-IκB/NF-κB axis in fibroblasts promote capsular contracture after rhinoplasty. Tissue Cell 2023; 80:101999. [PMID: 36527787 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Capsular contracture may occur after rhinoplasty due to rejection of silicone implants by the immune system. Our previous high-throughput sequencing of RNA in nasal capsular contracture tissue revealed that FPR3 was significantly increased in grade IV capsular contracture tissue, compared with grade II. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to elucidate the effect and specific mechanism of FPR3 on capsular formation and contracture following rhinoplasty. METHODS Using the GeneMANIA Database, the genes involved with FPR3 expression were searched, and the Gene Ontology analysis was performed to annotate the biological functions of the aforementioned genes. The mRNA and protein expressions of related genes in fibroblasts and capsular contracture tissues were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemical staining. CCK-8 was used to determine the viability of cells. The migration capacity of fibroblasts was assessed using a wound healing assay. ELISA was used to detect levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6. RESULTS After rhinoplasty, the expression of FPR3 in the capsular tissue increased in proportion to the degree of contracture. By activating the PKA/Rap1/ERK1/2 axis, overexpression of FPR3 can significantly increase the cell viability of fibroblasts and promote their transformation into myofibroblasts. Moreover, FPR3 phosphorylates IκB to decrease NF-κB inhibition, thereby promoting the synthesis and release of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6. CONCLUSION FPR3 is a crucial molecule that causes capsular development and contracture following rhinoplasty. In the future, local suppression of FPR3 may be an effective treatment for relieving capsular contracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-An Ling
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Institute of New Technology of Plastic Surgery of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510630, PR China
| | - Bei-Ping Mao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Institute of New Technology of Plastic Surgery of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510630, PR China
| | - Jin-Qiang Lu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Institute of New Technology of Plastic Surgery of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510630, PR China
| | - Sheng-Hong Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Institute of New Technology of Plastic Surgery of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510630, PR China
| | - Xuan Liao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Institute of New Technology of Plastic Surgery of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510630, PR China.
| | - Hong-Wei Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Institute of New Technology of Plastic Surgery of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510630, PR China.
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7
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Ma H, Guo X, Wang Z, Han M, Liu H. Therapeutic potential of WKYMVm in diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:986963. [PMID: 36120322 PMCID: PMC9479759 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.986963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthetic hexapeptide WKYMVm, screened from a synthetic peptide library, has been identified as an agonist of FPRs with the strongest activating effect on FPR2. WKYMVm plays an anti-inflammatory role in most inflammatory diseases by increasing the chemotaxis of phagocytes and regulating the secretion of inflammatory factors. WKYMVm can inhibit or promote the progression of different types of tumors, which depends on the regulation of WKYMVm on various components such as immune cells, inflammatory factors, chemokines, and tumor epithelial cells. Another major function of WKYMVm is to promote angiogenesis, which is reflected in its therapeutic value in ischemic diseases, wound healing and bone repair. In addition to the above functions, this paper also reviews the effects of WKYMVm on fibrosis, insulin resistance, osteolytic diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. By summarizing related studies, this review can increase people’s comprehensive understanding of WKYMVm, promote its broad and in-depth research, and help to exert its therapeutic value as soon as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoming Guo
- Department of Endoscopy, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- Department of Endoscopy, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Mei Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Liu, , Mei Han,
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Liu, , Mei Han,
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8
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Napolitano F, Montuori N. Role of Plasminogen Activation System in Platelet Pathophysiology: Emerging Concepts for Translational Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116065. [PMID: 35682744 PMCID: PMC9181697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, platelets have been exclusively considered for their procoagulant and antifibrinolytic effects during normal activation of hemostasis. Effectively, activated platelets secrete coagulation factors, expose phosphatidylserine, and promote thrombin and fibrin production. In addition to procoagulant activities, platelets confer resistance of thrombi to fibrinolysis by inducing clot retraction of the fibrin network and release of huge amounts of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, which is the major physiologic inhibitor of the fibrinolytic cascade. However, the discovery of multiple relations with the fibrinolytic system, also termed Plasminogen Activation System (PAS), has introduced new perspectives on the platelet role in fibrinolysis. Indeed, the activated membrane surface of platelets provides binding sites on which fibrinolytic enzymes can be activated. This review discusses the evidence of the profibrinolytic properties of platelets through the description of PAS components and related proteins that are contained in or bind to platelets. Our analyses of literature data lead to the conclusion that in the initial phase of the hemostatic process, antifibrinolytic effects prevail over profibrinolytic activity, but at later stages, platelets might enhance fibrinolysis through the engagement of PAS components. A better understanding of spatial and temporal characteristics of platelet-mediated fibrinolysis during normal hemostasis could improve therapeutic options for bleeding and thrombotic disorders.
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9
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Kuley R, Stultz RD, Duvvuri B, Wang T, Fritzler MJ, Hesselstrand R, Nelson JL, Lood C. N-Formyl Methionine Peptide-Mediated Neutrophil Activation in Systemic Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2022; 12:785275. [PMID: 35069556 PMCID: PMC8766990 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.785275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exaggerated neutrophil activation and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are reported in systemic sclerosis (SSc) but its involvement in SSc pathogenesis is not clear. In the present study we assessed markers of neutrophil activation and NET formation in SSc patients in relation to markers of inflammation and disease phenotype. Factors promoting neutrophil activation in SSc remain largely unknown. Among the neutrophil activating factors, mitochondrial-derived N-formyl methionine (fMet) has been reported in several autoinflammatory conditions. The aim of the current study is to assess whether SSc patients have elevated levels of fMet and the role of fMet in neutrophil-mediated inflammation on SSc pathogenesis. Markers of neutrophil activation (calprotectin, NETs) and levels of fMet were analyzed in plasma from two SSc cohorts (n=80 and n=20, respectively) using ELISA. Neutrophil activation assays were performed in presence or absence of formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) inhibitor cyclosporin H. Elevated levels of calprotectin and NETs were observed in SSc patients as compared to healthy controls (p<0.0001) associating with SSc clinical disease characteristics. Further, SSc patients had elevated levels of circulating fMet as compared to healthy controls (p<0.0001). Consistent with a role for fMet-mediated neutrophil activation, fMet levels correlated with levels of calprotectin and NETs (r=0.34, p=0.002; r=0.29, p<0.01 respectively). Additionally, plasma samples from SSc patients with high levels of fMet induced de novo neutrophil activation through FPR1-dependent mechanisms. Our data for the first time implicates an important role for the mitochondrial component fMet in promoting neutrophil-mediated inflammation in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runa Kuley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Ryan D Stultz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Bhargavi Duvvuri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Marvin J Fritzler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Roger Hesselstrand
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund University, Section of Rheumatology, Lund, Sweden
| | - J Lee Nelson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Christian Lood
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Kraus RF, Gruber MA. Neutrophils-From Bone Marrow to First-Line Defense of the Innate Immune System. Front Immunol 2022; 12:767175. [PMID: 35003081 PMCID: PMC8732951 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.767175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils (polymorphonuclear cells; PMNs) form a first line of defense against pathogens and are therefore an important component of the innate immune response. As a result of poorly controlled activation, however, PMNs can also mediate tissue damage in numerous diseases, often by increasing tissue inflammation and injury. According to current knowledge, PMNs are not only part of the pathogenesis of infectious and autoimmune diseases but also of conditions with disturbed tissue homeostasis such as trauma and shock. Scientific advances in the past two decades have changed the role of neutrophils from that of solely immune defense cells to cells that are responsible for the general integrity of the body, even in the absence of pathogens. To better understand PMN function in the human organism, our review outlines the role of PMNs within the innate immune system. This review provides an overview of the migration of PMNs from the vascular compartment to the target tissue as well as their chemotactic processes and illuminates crucial neutrophil immune properties at the site of the lesion. The review is focused on the formation of chemotactic gradients in interaction with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the influence of the ECM on PMN function. In addition, our review summarizes current knowledge about the phenomenon of bidirectional and reverse PMN migration, neutrophil microtubules, and the microtubule organizing center in PMN migration. As a conclusive feature, we review and discuss new findings about neutrophil behavior in cancer environment and tumor tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Felix Kraus
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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11
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Stimulation of the Migration and Expansion of Adult Mouse Neural Stem Cells by the FPR2-Specific Peptide WKYMVm. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111248. [PMID: 34833124 PMCID: PMC8622362 DOI: 10.3390/life11111248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are multipotent cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation into different nervous system cells. Mouse NSCs (mNSCs) are useful tools for studying neurogenesis and the therapeutic applications of neurodegenerative diseases in mammals. Formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2), expressed in the central nervous system and brain, is involved in the migration and differentiation of murine embryonic-derived NSCs. In this study, we explored the effect of FPR2 activation in adult mNSCs using the synthetic peptide Trp-Lys-Tyr-Met-Val-D-Met-NH2 (WKYMVm), an agonist of FPR2. After isolation of NSCs from the subventricular zone of the adult mouse brain, they were cultured in two culture systems—neurospheres or adherent monolayers—to demonstrate the expression of NSC markers and phenotypes. Under different conditions, mNSCs differentiated into neurons and glial cells such as astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes. Treatment with WKYMVm stimulated the chemotactic migration of mNSCs. Moreover, WKYMVm-treated mNSCs were found to promote proliferation; this result was confirmed by the expansion of mNSCs in Matrigel and the increase in the number of Ki67-positive cells. Incubation of mNSCs with WKYMVm in a supplement-free medium enhanced the survival rate of the mNSCs. Together, these results suggest that WKYMVm-induced activation of FPR2 stimulates cellular responses in adult NSCs.
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Napolitano F, Di Spigna G, Vargas M, Iacovazzo C, Pinchera B, Spalletti Cernia D, Ricciardone M, Covelli B, Servillo G, Gentile I, Postiglione L, Montuori N. Soluble Urokinase Receptor as a Promising Marker for Early Prediction of Outcome in COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients. J Clin Med 2021; 10:4914. [PMID: 34768433 PMCID: PMC8584815 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10214914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, has rapidly spread to become a global pandemic, putting a strain on health care systems. SARS-CoV-2 infection may be associated with mild symptoms or, in severe cases, lead patients to the intensive care unit (ICU) or death. The critically ill patients suffer from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis, thrombotic complications and multiple organ failure. For optimization of hospital resources, several molecular markers and algorithms have been evaluated in order to stratify COVID-19 patients, based on the risk of developing a mild, moderate, or severe disease. Here, we propose the soluble urokinase receptor (suPAR) as a serum biomarker of clinical severity and outcome in patients who are hospitalized with COVID-19. In patients with mild disease course, suPAR levels were increased as compared to healthy controls, but they were dramatically higher in severely ill patients. Since early identification of disease progression may facilitate the individual management of COVID-19 symptomatic patients and the time of admission to the ICU, we suggest paying more clinical attention on patients with high suPAR levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Napolitano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.N.); (G.D.S.); (D.S.C.); (M.R.); (B.C.); (L.P.)
| | - Gaetano Di Spigna
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.N.); (G.D.S.); (D.S.C.); (M.R.); (B.C.); (L.P.)
| | - Maria Vargas
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.V.); (C.I.); (G.S.)
| | - Carmine Iacovazzo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.V.); (C.I.); (G.S.)
| | - Biagio Pinchera
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery-Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (B.P.); (I.G.)
| | - Daniela Spalletti Cernia
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.N.); (G.D.S.); (D.S.C.); (M.R.); (B.C.); (L.P.)
| | - Margherita Ricciardone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.N.); (G.D.S.); (D.S.C.); (M.R.); (B.C.); (L.P.)
| | - Bianca Covelli
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.N.); (G.D.S.); (D.S.C.); (M.R.); (B.C.); (L.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Servillo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.V.); (C.I.); (G.S.)
| | - Ivan Gentile
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery-Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (B.P.); (I.G.)
| | - Loredana Postiglione
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.N.); (G.D.S.); (D.S.C.); (M.R.); (B.C.); (L.P.)
| | - Nunzia Montuori
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.N.); (G.D.S.); (D.S.C.); (M.R.); (B.C.); (L.P.)
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ANXA1 Contained in EVs Regulates Macrophage Polarization in Tumor Microenvironment and Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Progression and Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011018. [PMID: 34681678 PMCID: PMC8538745 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a dynamic system where nontumor and cancer cells intercommunicate through soluble factors and extracellular vesicles (EVs). The TME in pancreatic cancer (PC) is critical for its aggressiveness and the annexin A1 (ANXA1) has been identified as one of the oncogenic elements. Previously, we demonstrated that the autocrine/paracrine activities of extracellular ANXA1 depend on its presence in EVs. Here, we show that the complex ANXA1/EVs modulates the macrophage polarization further contributing to cancer progression. The EVs isolated from wild type (WT) and ANXA1 knock-out MIA PaCa-2 cells have been administrated to THP-1 macrophages finding that ANXA1 is crucial for the acquisition of a protumor M2 phenotype. The M2 macrophages activate endothelial cells and fibroblasts to induce angiogenesis and matrix degradation, respectively. We have also found a significantly increased presence of M2 macrophage in mice tumor and liver metastasis sections previously obtained by orthotopic xenografts with WT cells. Taken together, our data interestingly suggest the relevance of ANXA1 as potential diagnostic/prognostic and/or therapeutic PC marker.
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Busch L, Vieten S, Brödel S, Endres K, Bufe B. Emerging contributions of formyl peptide receptors to neurodegenerative diseases. Biol Chem 2021; 403:27-41. [PMID: 34505459 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a central element of many neurodegenerative diseases. Formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) can trigger several receptor-dependent signal transduction pathways that play a key role in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. They are chemotactic receptors that help to regulate pro- and anti-inflammatory responses in most mammals. FPRs are primarily expressed in the immune and nervous systems where they interact with a complex pattern of pathogen-derived and host-endogenous molecules. Mounting evidence points towards a contribution of FPRs - via neuropathological ligands such as Amyloid beta, and neuroprotective ligands such as Humanin, Lipoxin A4, and Annexin A1 - to multiple pathological aspects of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we aim to summarize the interplay of FPRs with neuropathological and neuroprotective ligands. Next, we depict their capability to trigger a number of ligand-dependent cell signaling pathways and their potential to interact with additional intracellular cofactors. Moreover, we highlight first studies, demonstrating that a pharmacological inhibition of FPRs helps to ameliorate neuroinflammation, which may pave the way towards novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Busch
- Department of Informatics and Microsystems Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, D-66482 Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Stefan Vieten
- Department of Informatics and Microsystems Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, D-66482 Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Susan Brödel
- Department of Informatics and Microsystems Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, D-66482 Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Kristina Endres
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernd Bufe
- Department of Informatics and Microsystems Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, D-66482 Zweibrücken, Germany
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Mormile I, Rossi FW, Prevete N, Granata F, Pucino V, de Paulis A. The N-Formyl Peptide Receptors and Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Dangerous Liaison or Confusing Relationship? Front Immunol 2021; 12:685214. [PMID: 34220836 PMCID: PMC8253054 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.685214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by a progressive symmetric inflammation of the joints resulting in bone erosion and cartilage destruction with a progressive loss of function and joint deformity. An increased number of findings support the role of innate immunity in RA: many innate immune mechanisms are responsible for producing several cytokines and chemokines involved in RA pathogenesis, such as Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) play a crucial role in modulating the activity of the innate arm of the immune response. We focused our attention over the years on the expression and functions of a specific class of PRR, namely formyl peptide receptors (FPRs), which exert a key function in both sustaining and resolving the inflammatory response, depending on the context and/or the agonist. We performed a broad review of the data available in the literature on the role of FPRs and their ligands in RA. Furthermore, we queried a publicly available database collecting data from 90 RA patients with different clinic features to evaluate the possible association between FPRs and clinic-pathologic parameters of RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Mormile
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Wanda Rossi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nella Prevete
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Francescopaolo Granata
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Pucino
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Amato de Paulis
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Mårtensson J, Sundqvist M, Manandhar A, Ieremias L, Zhang L, Ulven T, Xie X, Björkman L, Forsman H. The Two Formyl Peptide Receptors Differently Regulate GPR84-Mediated Neutrophil NADPH Oxidase Activity. J Innate Immun 2021; 13:242-256. [PMID: 33789297 DOI: 10.1159/000514887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils express the two formyl peptide receptors (FPR1 and FPR2) and the medium-chain fatty acid receptor GPR84. The FPRs are known to define a hierarchy among neutrophil G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), that is, the activated FPRs can either suppress or amplify GPCR responses. In this study, we investigated the position of GPR84 in the FPR-defined hierarchy regarding the activation of neutrophil nicotine adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, an enzyme system designed to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are important regulators in cell signaling and immune regulation. When resting neutrophils were activated by GPR84 agonists, a modest ROS release was induced. However, vast amounts of ROS were induced by these GPR84 agonists in FPR2-desensitized neutrophils, and the response was inhibited not only by a GPR84-specific antagonist but also by an FPR2-specific antagonist. This suggests that the amplified GPR84 agonist response is achieved through a reactivation of desensitized FPR2s. In addition, the GPR84-mediated FPR2 reactivation was independent of β-arrestin recruitment and sensitive to a protein phosphatase inhibitor. In contrast to FPR2-desensitized cells, FPR1 desensitization primarily resulted in a suppressed GPR84 agonist-induced ROS response, indicating a receptor hierarchical desensitization of GPR84 by FPR1-generated signals. In summary, our data show that the two FPRs in human neutrophils control the NADPH oxidase activity with concomitant ROS production by communicating with GPR84 through different mechanisms. While FPR1 desensitizes GPR84 and by that suppresses the release of ROS induced by GPR84 agonists, amplified ROS release is achieved by GPR84 agonists through reactivation of the desensitized FPR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Mårtensson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martina Sundqvist
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Asmita Manandhar
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Loukas Ieremias
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Linjie Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Trond Ulven
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xin Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lena Björkman
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Huamei Forsman
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Novizio N, Belvedere R, Pessolano E, Tosco A, Porta A, Perretti M, Campiglia P, Filippelli A, Petrella A. Annexin A1 Released in Extracellular Vesicles by Pancreatic Cancer Cells Activates Components of the Tumor Microenvironment, through Interaction with the Formyl-Peptide Receptors. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122719. [PMID: 33353163 PMCID: PMC7767312 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most aggressive cancers in the world. Several extracellular factors are involved in its development and metastasis to distant organs. In PC, the protein Annexin A1 (ANXA1) appears to be overexpressed and may be identified as an oncogenic factor, also because it is a component in tumor-deriving extracellular vesicles (EVs). Indeed, these microvesicles are known to nourish the tumor microenvironment. Once we evaluated the autocrine role of ANXA1-containing EVs on PC MIA PaCa-2 cells and their pro-angiogenic action, we investigated the ANXA1 paracrine effect on stromal cells like fibroblasts and endothelial ones. Concerning the analysis of fibroblasts, cell migration/invasion, cytoskeleton remodeling, and the different expression of specific protein markers, all features of the cell switching into myofibroblasts, were assessed after administration of wild type more than ANXA1 Knock-Out EVs. Interestingly, we demonstrated a mechanism by which the ANXA1-EVs complex can stimulate the activation of formyl peptide receptors (FPRs), triggering mesenchymal switches and cell motility on both fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Therefore, we highlighted the importance of ANXA1/EVs-FPR axes in PC progression as a vehicle of intercommunication tumor cells-stroma, suggesting a specific potential prognostic/diagnostic role of ANXA1, whether in soluble form or even if EVs are captured in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzia Novizio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (N.N.); (R.B.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (A.P.); (P.C.)
| | - Raffaella Belvedere
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (N.N.); (R.B.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (A.P.); (P.C.)
| | - Emanuela Pessolano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (N.N.); (R.B.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (A.P.); (P.C.)
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK;
| | - Alessandra Tosco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (N.N.); (R.B.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (A.P.); (P.C.)
| | - Amalia Porta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (N.N.); (R.B.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (A.P.); (P.C.)
| | - Mauro Perretti
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK;
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (N.N.); (R.B.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (A.P.); (P.C.)
| | - Amelia Filippelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende 43, 84081 Baronissi, Italy;
| | - Antonello Petrella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (N.N.); (R.B.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (A.P.); (P.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-089-969-762; Fax: +39-089-969-602
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Leslie J, Millar BJ, del Carpio Pons A, Burgoyne RA, Frost JD, Barksby BS, Luli S, Scott J, Simpson AJ, Gauldie J, Murray LA, Finch DK, Carruthers AM, Ferguson J, Sleeman MA, Rider D, Howarth R, Fox C, Oakley F, Fisher AJ, Mann DA, Borthwick LA. FPR-1 is an important regulator of neutrophil recruitment and a tissue-specific driver of pulmonary fibrosis. JCI Insight 2020; 5:125937. [PMID: 32102985 PMCID: PMC7101152 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.125937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant inflammatory cells at the earliest stages of wound healing and play important roles in wound repair and fibrosis. Formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR-1) is abundantly expressed on neutrophils and has been shown to regulate their function, yet the importance of FPR-1 in fibrosis remains ill defined. FPR-1-deficient (fpr1-/-) mice were protected from bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis but developed renal and hepatic fibrosis normally. Mechanistically, we observed a failure to effectively recruit neutrophils to the lungs of fpr1-/- mice, whereas neutrophil recruitment was unaffected in the liver and kidney. Using an adoptive transfer model we demonstrated that the defect in neutrophil recruitment to the lung was intrinsic to the fpr1-/- neutrophils, as C57BL/6 neutrophils were recruited normally to the damaged lung in fpr1-/- mice. Finally, C57BL/6 mice in which neutrophils had been depleted were protected from pulmonary fibrosis. In conclusion, FPR-1 and FPR-1 ligands are required for effective neutrophil recruitment to the damaged lung. Failure to recruit neutrophils or depletion of neutrophils protects from pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jon Scott
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - A. John Simpson
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Interstitial Lung Disease Clinic, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jack Gauldie
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Saint Joseph’s Healthcare and Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrew J. Fisher
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group and
- Institute of Transplantation, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Swain SK, Chandra Dash U, Kanhar S, Sahoo AK. Ameliorative effects of Hydrolea zeylanica in streptozotocin-induced oxidative stress and metabolic changes in diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 247:112257. [PMID: 31589968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hydrolea zeylanica L. Vahl. (Hydroleaceae) is an aquatic medicinal plant used as leafy vegetable in some parts of India. In south Odisha and Hazaribag district of Jharkhand, India, decoction of leaves is used as household remedy for diabetes. To our knowledge, no prior studies have examined the antidiabetic activity of H. zeylanica to validate its ethnomedicinal claim. PURPOSE With this aim in mind, we examined the bioactivity of hydroalcohol fraction of leaves of H. zeylanica (HAHZ) in streptozotocin-induced oxidative stress in diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro antidiabetic and free radical scavenging activities of different fractions of H. zeylanica were performed. The most effective bioactive fraction e.g. HAHZ was considered for kinetic studies to understand the mode of inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase. To understand the chemical composition, GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS analysis of HAHZ were performed. To find out the molecular mechanism of action of HAHZ, streptozotocin-induced oxidative stress and metabolic changes in diabetic rats were studied. RESULTS HAHZ demonstrated significantly higher radical scavenging and antidiabetic activities. Kinetic analysis revealed that HAHZ inhibited α-glucosidase competitively, and α-amylase mixed competitively. To understand the chemical composition, GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS analysis of HAHZ identified 32 compounds and among which R-limonene (0.52%), perillartine (0.41%), N-formyl-L-lysine (1.49%), limonen-6-ol, pivalate (1.43%), lidocaine (1.70%) and gamolenic acid (2.80%) were reported to have antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. HAHZ-400 mg/kg showed significant (p < 0.001) improvement in serum markers (SGOT, SGPT, ALP, total bilirubin, total protein, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C) and oxidative markers (MDA, SOD, CAT, GSH) in serum, liver and pancreas at effective dose dependent manner. In histopathological observation, HAHZ-400 mg/kg showed marked improvement in restoring cellular architecture of liver and pancreas. CONCLUSION In diabetic rats, the improvement in glycemic control mechanism was achieved upon stimulating insulin secretion by R-limonene, perillartine, N-formyl-L-lysine, limonen-6-ol, pivalate, lidocaine and gamolenic acid of HAHZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar Swain
- Regional Plant Resource Centre, Medicinal & Aromatic Plant Division, Forest & Environment Department, Govt. of Odisha, Nayapalli, Bhubaneswar, 751015, India
| | - Umesh Chandra Dash
- Regional Plant Resource Centre, Medicinal & Aromatic Plant Division, Forest & Environment Department, Govt. of Odisha, Nayapalli, Bhubaneswar, 751015, India
| | - Satish Kanhar
- Regional Plant Resource Centre, Medicinal & Aromatic Plant Division, Forest & Environment Department, Govt. of Odisha, Nayapalli, Bhubaneswar, 751015, India
| | - Atish Kumar Sahoo
- Regional Plant Resource Centre, Medicinal & Aromatic Plant Division, Forest & Environment Department, Govt. of Odisha, Nayapalli, Bhubaneswar, 751015, India.
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Park GT, Kwon YW, Lee TW, Kwon SG, Ko HC, Kim MB, Kim JH. Formyl Peptide Receptor 2 Activation Ameliorates Dermal Fibrosis and Inflammation in Bleomycin-Induced Scleroderma. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2095. [PMID: 31552041 PMCID: PMC6733889 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis is a profibrotic autoimmune disease mediated by the dysregulation of extracellular matrix synthesis. Formyl peptide receptor 2 (Fpr2) is a G protein-coupled receptor that modulates inflammation and host defense by regulating the activation of inflammatory cells, such as macrophages. However, the role of Fpr2 in the development and therapy of scleroderma is still unclear. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of Fpr2 activation in the treatment of scleroderma fibrosis. We found that intradermal administration of WKYMVm, an Fpr2-specific agonist, alleviated bleomycin-induced scleroderma fibrosis in mice and decreased dermal thickness in scleroderma skin. WKYMVm-treated scleroderma skin tissues displayed reduced numbers of myofibroblasts expressing α-smooth muscle actin, Vimentin, and phosphorylated SMAD3. WKYMVm treatment attenuated macrophage infiltration in scleroderma skin and reduced the number of M2 macrophages. The therapeutic effects of WKYMVm in scleroderma-associated fibrosis and inflammation were completely abrogated in Fpr2 knockout mice. Moreover, WKYMVm treatment reduced the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ, in the scleroderma model of wild-type mice but not in Fpr2 knockout mice. These results suggest that WKYMVm-induced activation of Fpr2 leads to alleviation of fibrosis by stimulating immune resolution in systemic sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu Tae Park
- Department of Physiology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan-si, South Korea
| | - Yang Woo Kwon
- Department of Physiology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan-si, South Korea
| | - Tae Wook Lee
- Department of Physiology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan-si, South Korea
| | - Seong Gyu Kwon
- Department of Physiology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan-si, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Chang Ko
- Department of Dermatology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan-si, South Korea
| | - Moon Bum Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan-si, South Korea
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Department of Physiology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan-si, South Korea.,Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan-si, South Korea
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21
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Chemotactic Ligands that Activate G-Protein-Coupled Formylpeptide Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143426. [PMID: 31336833 PMCID: PMC6678346 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte infiltration is a hallmark of inflammatory responses. This process depends on the bacterial and host tissue-derived chemotactic factors interacting with G-protein-coupled seven-transmembrane receptors (GPCRs) expressed on the cell surface. Formylpeptide receptors (FPRs in human and Fprs in mice) belong to the family of chemoattractant GPCRs that are critical mediators of myeloid cell trafficking in microbial infection, inflammation, immune responses and cancer progression. Both murine Fprs and human FPRs participate in many patho-physiological processes due to their expression on a variety of cell types in addition to myeloid cells. FPR contribution to numerous pathologies is in part due to its capacity to interact with a plethora of structurally diverse chemotactic ligands. One of the murine Fpr members, Fpr2, and its endogenous agonist peptide, Cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP), control normal mouse colon epithelial growth, repair and protection against inflammation-associated tumorigenesis. Recent developments in FPR (Fpr) and ligand studies have greatly expanded the scope of these receptors and ligands in host homeostasis and disease conditions, therefore helping to establish these molecules as potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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22
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Bruni C, Frech T, Manetti M, Rossi FW, Furst DE, De Paulis A, Rivellese F, Guiducci S, Matucci-Cerinic M, Bellando-Randone S. Vascular Leaking, a Pivotal and Early Pathogenetic Event in Systemic Sclerosis: Should the Door Be Closed? Front Immunol 2018; 9:2045. [PMID: 30245695 PMCID: PMC6137210 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The early phase of systemic sclerosis (SSc) presents edema as one of the main features: this is clinically evident in the digital swelling (puffy fingers) as well as in the edematous skin infiltration of the early active diffuse subset. Other organs could be affected by this same disease process, such as the lung (with the appearance of ground glass opacities) and the heart (with edematous changes on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging). The genesis of tissue edema is tightly linked to pathological changes in the endothelium: various reports demonstrated the effect of transforming growth factor β, vascular endothelial growth factor and hypoxia-reperfusion damage with reactive oxygen species generation in altering vascular permeability and extravasation, in particular in SSc. This condition has an alteration in the glycocalyx thickness, reducing the protection of the vessel wall and causing non-fibrotic interstitial edema, a marker of vascular leak. Moreover, changes in the junctional adhesion molecule family and other adhesion molecules, such as ICAM and VCAM, are associated with an increased myeloid cells' extravasation in the skin and increased myofibroblasts transformation with further vascular leak and cellular migration. This mini-review examines current knowledge on determinants of vascular leak in SSc, shedding light on the role of vascular protection. This could enhance further studies in the light of drug development for early treatment, suggesting that the control of vascular leakage should be considered in the same way that vasodilation and inflammation reduction, as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosimo Bruni
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Tracy Frech
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Salt Lake Veterans Affair Medical Centre, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Mirko Manetti
- Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Wanda Rossi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), WAO Center of Excellence, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniel E. Furst
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Amato De Paulis
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), WAO Center of Excellence, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Felice Rivellese
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), WAO Center of Excellence, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Guiducci
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Division of Rheumatology and Scleroderma Unit, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Matucci-Cerinic
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Division of Rheumatology and Scleroderma Unit, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Bellando-Randone
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Division of Rheumatology and Scleroderma Unit, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
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23
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Targeting formyl peptide receptors to facilitate the resolution of inflammation. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 833:339-348. [PMID: 29935171 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) are G protein coupled receptors that recognize a broad range of structurally distinct pathogen and danger-associated molecular patterns and mediate host defense to infection and tissue injury. It became evident that the cellular distribution and biological functions of FPRs extend beyond myeloid cells and governing their activation and trafficking. In recent years, significant progress has been made to position FPRs at check points that control the resolution of inflammation, tissue repair and return to homeostasis. Accumulating data indicate a role for FPRs in an ever-increasing range of human diseases, including atherosclerosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, autoimmune diseases and cancer, in which dysregulated or defective resolution are increasingly recognized as critical component of the pathogenesis. This review summarizes recent advances on how FPRs recognize distinct ligands and integrate opposing cues to govern various responses and will discuss how this knowledge could be harnessed for developing novel therapeutic strategies to counter inflammation that underlies many human diseases.
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24
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Napolitano F, Rossi FW, Pesapane A, Varricchio S, Ilardi G, Mascolo M, Staibano S, Lavecchia A, Ragno P, Selleri C, Marone G, Matucci-Cerinic M, de Paulis A, Montuori N. N-Formyl Peptide Receptors Induce Radical Oxygen Production in Fibroblasts Derived From Systemic Sclerosis by Interacting With a Cleaved Form of Urokinase Receptor. Front Immunol 2018; 9:574. [PMID: 29670612 PMCID: PMC5893650 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis, alteration in the microvasculature and immunologic abnormalities. It has been hypothesized that an abnormal redox state could regulate the persistent fibrotic phenotype in SSc patients. N-Formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) are chemotactic receptors overexpressed in fibroblasts derived from SSc patients. In this study, we demonstrated that stimulation of FPRs promotes the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in skin fibroblasts. In fibroblast cells, ROS production was due to FPRs interaction with the urokinase receptor (uPAR) and to β1 integrin engagement. FPRs cross-talk with uPAR and integrins led to Rac1 and ERKs activation. FPRs stimulation increased gp91phox and p67phox expression as well as the direct interaction between GTP-Rac1 and p67phox, thus promoting assembly and activation of the NADPH oxidase complex. FPRs functions occur through interaction with a specific domain of uPAR (residues 88SRSRY92) that can be exposed on the cell membrane by protease-mediated receptor cleavage. Immunohistochemistry analysis with a specific anti-SRSRY antibody showed increased expression of uPAR in a cleaved form, which exposes the SRSRY sequence at its N-terminus (DIIDIII-uPAR88–92) in skin biopsies from SSc patients. As expected by the increased expression of both FPRs and DII-DIII-uPAR88-92, fibroblasts derived from SSc patients showed a significantly increase in ROS generation both at a basal level than after FPRs stimulation, as compared to fibroblasts from normal subjects. C37, a small molecule blocking the interaction between FPRs and uPAR, and selumetinib, a clinically approved MAPKK/ERK inhibitor, significantly inhibited FPRs-mediated ROS production in fibroblasts derived from SSc patients. Thus, FPRs, through the interaction with the uPA/uPAR system, can induce ROS generation in fibroblasts by activating the NADPH oxidase, playing a role in the alteration of the redox state observed in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Napolitano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Wanda Rossi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), WAO Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ada Pesapane
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Varricchio
- Department of Advanced Functional Sciences, Pathology Section, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Ilardi
- Department of Advanced Functional Sciences, Pathology Section, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Mascolo
- Department of Advanced Functional Sciences, Pathology Section, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Staibano
- Department of Advanced Functional Sciences, Pathology Section, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Lavecchia
- Department of Pharmacy, Drug Discovery Laboratory, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pia Ragno
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmine Selleri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), WAO Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Matucci-Cerinic
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Rheumatology AOUC, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Amato de Paulis
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), WAO Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzia Montuori
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), WAO Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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25
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Selleri C, Montuori N, Salvati A, Serio B, Pesapane A, Ricci P, Gorrasi A, Li Santi A, Hoyer-Hansen G, Ragno P. Involvement of urokinase receptor in the cross-talk between human hematopoietic stem cells and bone marrow microenvironment. Oncotarget 2018; 7:60206-60217. [PMID: 27517491 PMCID: PMC5312379 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in bone marrow (BM) and can be induced to mobilize into the circulation for transplantation. Homing and lodgement into BM of transplanted HSCs are the first critical steps in their engraftment and involve multiple interactions between HSCs and the BM microenvironment.uPAR is a three domain receptor (DIDIIDIII) which binds urokinase, vitronectin, integrins. uPAR can be cleaved and shed from the cell surface generating full-length and cleaved soluble forms (suPAR and DIIDIII-suPAR). DIIDIII-suPAR can bind fMLF receptors through the SRSRY sequence (residues 88-92).We previously reported the involvement of soluble uPAR in HSC mobilization. We now investigate its possible role in HSC homing and engraftment.We show similar levels of circulating full-length suPAR in healthy donors and in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients before and after the pre-transplant conditioning regimen. By contrast, levels of circulating DIIDIII-suPAR in AML patients are higher as compared to controls and significantly decrease after the conditioning.We found that suPAR and uPAR84-95, a uPAR-derived peptide which mimics active DIIDIII-suPAR, induce a significant increase in Long Term Culture (LTC)-Initiating Cells (ICs) and in the release of clonogenic progenitors from LTCs of CD34+ HSCs. Further, suPAR increases adhesion and survival of CD34+ KG1 AML cells, whereas uPAR84-95 increases their proliferation.Thus, circulating DIIDIII-suPAR, strongly increased in HSC mobilization, is indeed down-regulated by pre-transplant conditioning, probably to favour HSC homing. BM full-length suPAR and DIIDIII-suPAR may be involved in HSC lodgement within the BM by contributing to a suitable microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Selleri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Nunzia Montuori
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Salvati
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Bianca Serio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Ada Pesapane
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ricci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Anna Gorrasi
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Anna Li Santi
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Pia Ragno
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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26
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Bruni C, Cuomo G, Rossi FW, Praino E, Bellando-Randone S. Kidney involvement in systemic sclerosis: From pathogenesis to treatment. JOURNAL OF SCLERODERMA AND RELATED DISORDERS 2018; 3:43-52. [PMID: 35382123 PMCID: PMC8892882 DOI: 10.1177/2397198318758607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Among all possible systemic sclerosis internal organ complications, kidney involvement is frequently neglected or underestimated, except for the life-threatening scleroderma renal crisis. Fortunately, this severe clinical presentation is nowadays better controlled with available treatments, in particular angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and this has led to a reduction in its short- and longer-term mortality. Pathogenetic determinants are not well understood and many different other kidney involvements are possible in systemic sclerosis, including proteinuria, albuminuria, reduction of renal filtration, autoantibodies-related glomerulonephritis, and drug-related side effects. Different serological and radiological methods of evaluations are nowadays available, some representing promising diagnostic tool and prognostic outcome measure. Except for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in scleroderma renal crisis, no other treatment is currently recommended for treatment of kidney involvement in systemic sclerosis. For this reason, further studies are necessary to investigate its prognostic impact, in particular in combination with other systemic sclerosis-related internal organ manifestations. This review summarizes current available literature on kidney involvement in systemic sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosimo Bruni
- Department of Experimental and
Clinical Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence,
Florence - Italy
- Department of Geriatric Medicine,
Division of Rheumatology and Scleroderma Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero
Universitaria Careggi, Florence - Italy
| | - Giovanna Cuomo
- Department of Clinical and
Experimental Internal Medicine “F. Magrassi,” University of Study of
Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,” Naples - Italy
| | - Francesca W. Rossi
- Department of Translational
Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research
(CISI), WAO Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, Naples -
Italy
| | - Emanuela Praino
- Department of Emergency and Organ
Transplantation, Rheumatology Unit, University of Bari, Bari - Italy
| | - Silvia Bellando-Randone
- Department of Experimental and
Clinical Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence,
Florence - Italy
- Department of Geriatric Medicine,
Division of Rheumatology and Scleroderma Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero
Universitaria Careggi, Florence - Italy
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27
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Shen Z, Tang W, Guo J, Sun S. miR-483-5p plays a protective role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:193-200. [PMID: 28534971 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered microRNA (miRNA or miR) expression has been reported in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The present study aimed to identify the involvement of miRNAs in the pathophysiology of COPD and to explore the effects of various miRNAs with significant alteration on COPD in vitro. We conducted high‑throughput analysis of miRNAs (miRNA microarray) in lung samples from 10 COPD patients and 10 healthy persons with a validation experiment using quantitative (real‑time) polymerase chain reaction (real‑time PCR) panels. By analyzing 3,000 miRNAs in lung samples using a microarray, we identified 341 differentially expressed miRNAs (138 with high expression and 203 with low expression) in patients with COPD in comparison with the healthy controls. Then 15 high-expression candidates and 15 low-expression candidates with at least 2‑fold difference and P<0.05 were selected randomly to validate the changes in three independent experiments in vitro using real‑time PCR. The validation test showed a positive correlation with the microarray results. Then we chose miR‑483‑5p as our target. The effect of miR‑483‑5p on cell proliferation and expression of COPD-related proteins were detected using Cell Counting Kit 8 and western blot analysis, respectively. The results showed that miR‑483‑5p, which was significantly downregulated in COPD samples, abrogated the transforming growth factor‑β (TGF‑β)‑mediated decrease in cell proliferation, and increase in α‑smooth muscle actin (α‑SMA) and fibronectin expression in pulmonary epithelial and lung fibroblast cell lines, BEAS‑2B and HFL1. These findings suggest that miR‑483‑5p may play an important and protective role in patients with COPD and may serve as a useful biomarker and for early detection of COPD as well as a potential therapeutic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Shen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, Hunan 411100, P.R. China
| | - Wenxiang Tang
- Deparment of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Guo
- Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, Hunan 411100, P.R. China
| | - Shenghua Sun
- Deparment of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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28
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Rossi FW, Prevete N, Rivellese F, Lobasso A, Napolitano F, Granata F, Selleri C, de Paulis A. HIV-1 Nef promotes migration and chemokine synthesis of human basophils and mast cells through the interaction with CXCR4. Clin Mol Allergy 2016; 14:15. [PMID: 27822141 PMCID: PMC5088669 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-016-0052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Nef protein can be detected in plasma of HIV-1-infected patients and plays a role in the pathogenesis of HIV-1. Nef produced during the early stages of infection is fundamental in creating the ideal environment for viral replication, e.g. by reducing the ability of infected cells to induce an immune response. Aim Based on previous experience showing that both Tat and gp41 of HIV-1 are potent chemotactic factors for basophils and mast cells, and gp120 is a powerful stimulus for the release of histamine and cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13) from basophils, in this study we aimed to verify if the HIV Nef protein can exert some effects on basophils and mast cells purified from healthy volunteers through the interaction with the CXCL12 receptor, CXCR4. Methods Basophils purified from peripheral blood cells of 30 healthy volunteers and mast cells obtained from lung tissue of ten healthy volunteers were tested by flow cytometric analysis, chemotaxis and chemokine production by ELISA assays. Results Nef is a potent chemoattractant for basophils and lung mast cells obtained from healthy, HIV-1 and HIV-2 seronegative individuals. Incubation of basophils and mast cells with Nef induces the release of chemokines (CXCL8/IL-8 and CCL3/MIP-1α). The chemotactic activity of Nef on basophils and mast cells is mediated by the interaction with CXCR4 receptors, being blocked by preincubation of FcεRI+ cells with an anti-CXCR4 Ab. Stimulation with Nef or CXCL12/SDF-1α, a CXCR4 ligand, desensitizes basophils to a subsequent challenge with an autologous or heterologous stimulus. Conclusions These results indicate that Nef, a HIV-1-encoded α-chemokine homolog protein, plays a direct role in basophils and mast cell recruitment and activation at sites of HIV-1 replication, by promoting directional migration of human FcεRI+ cells and the release of chemokines from these cells. Together with our previous results, these data suggest that FcεRI+ cells contribute to the dysregulation of the immune system in HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Wanda Rossi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Nella Prevete
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Felice Rivellese
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy ; Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Antonio Lobasso
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Filomena Napolitano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francescopaolo Granata
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine Selleri
- Hematology Branch, Department of Medicine, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Amato de Paulis
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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29
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Mitsui H, Kiecker F, Shemer A, Cannizzaro MV, Wang CQF, Gulati N, Ohmatsu H, Shah KR, Gilleaudeau P, Sullivan-Whalen M, Cueto I, McNutt NS, Suárez-Fariñas M, Krueger JG. Discrimination of Dysplastic Nevi from Common Melanocytic Nevi by Cellular and Molecular Criteria. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:2030-2040. [PMID: 27377700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2015.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dysplastic nevi (DNs), also known as Clark's nevi or atypical moles, are distinguished from common melanocytic nevi by variegation in pigmentation and clinical appearance, as well as differences in tissue patterning. However, cellular and molecular differences between DNs and common melanocytic nevi are not completely understood. Using cDNA microarray, quantitative RT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry, we molecularly characterized DNs and analyzed the difference between DNs and common melanocytic nevi. A total of 111 probesets (91 annotated genes, fold change > 2.0 and false discovery rate < 0.25) were differentially expressed between the two lesions. An unexpected finding in DNs was altered differentiation and activation of epidermal keratinocytes with increased expression of hair follicle-related molecules (keratin 25, trichohyalin, ribonuclease, RNase A family, 7) and inflammation-related molecules (S100A7, S100A8) at both genomic and protein levels. The immune microenvironment of DNs was characterized by an increase of T helper type 1 (IFNγ) and T helper type 2 (IL13) cytokines as well as an upregulation of oncostatin M and CXCL1. DUSP3, which regulates cellular senescence, was identified as one of the disease discriminative genes between DNs and common melanocytic nevi by three independent statistical approaches and its altered expression was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The molecular and cellular changes in which the epidermal-melanin unit undergoes follicular differentiation as well as upregulation of defined cytokines could drive complex immune, epidermal, and pigmentary alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Mitsui
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Felix Kiecker
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Skin Cancer Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Avner Shemer
- Department of Dermatology, Tel-Hashomer Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Maria Vittoria Cannizzaro
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Claire Q F Wang
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nicholas Gulati
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hanako Ohmatsu
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kejal R Shah
- Texas Dermatology Associates, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Patricia Gilleaudeau
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mary Sullivan-Whalen
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Inna Cueto
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Neil Scott McNutt
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mayte Suárez-Fariñas
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA; Center for Clinical and Translational Science, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - James G Krueger
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA.
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Wanda Rossi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Nunzia Montuori
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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