2
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Lei L, Zhang X, Yang X, Su Y, Liu H, Yang H, Wang J, Zou Y, Wang X, Jiao A, Zhang C, Zheng H, Zhang J, Zhang D, Shi L, Zhou X, Sun C, Zhang B. A Genetic Model Reveals Biological Features of Neonatal CD4 Helper Cells Undergone Homeostasis in Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:659744. [PMID: 33777965 PMCID: PMC7991801 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.659744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cells are essential for regulating effective immune response to pathogens and immune balance. Recent studies have demonstrated the unique features of T cells in neonate mice, such as more sensitive to antigen response and preference toward T helper 2 (Th2) response and regulatory T cells (Tregs) differentiation. However, the biological characteristics of neonatal age-derived CD4+ T cells following homeostasis remain unclear. Here we utilized a lineage tracing model of TCRδ CreER R26 ZsGreen to mark neonatal- and adult-derived CD4+ T cells followed by a combination analysis of activation, proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Our results showed that neonatal CD4+ T cells had higher capacity of activation, proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation toward Th2 and T helper 17 (Th17) lineages, accompanied by a reduced potential for T helper 1 (Th1), T helper 9 (Th9), and Treg lineages. In contrast, tracked neonatal CD4+ T cells exhibited similar characters of above-mentioned of tracked adult cells in adult mice. Therefore, our data support a natural requirement for CD4+ T cells to acquire fully-equipped functional potentials of adult cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lei
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, China
| | - Xingzhe Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Kidney Transplantation, Nephropathy Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanhong Su
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Hang Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinli Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yujing Zou
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Anjun Jiao
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Cangang Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Huiqiang Zheng
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenming Sun
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, China
| | - Baojun Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, China
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3
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Smith NL, Patel RK, Reynaldi A, Grenier JK, Wang J, Watson NB, Nzingha K, Yee Mon KJ, Peng SA, Grimson A, Davenport MP, Rudd BD. Developmental Origin Governs CD8 + T Cell Fate Decisions during Infection. Cell 2018; 174:117-130.e14. [PMID: 29909981 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneity is a hallmark feature of the adaptive immune system in vertebrates. Following infection, naive T cells differentiate into various subsets of effector and memory T cells, which help to eliminate pathogens and maintain long-term immunity. The current model suggests there is a single lineage of naive T cells that give rise to different populations of effector and memory T cells depending on the type and amounts of stimulation they encounter during infection. Here, we have discovered that multiple sub-populations of cells exist in the naive CD8+ T cell pool that are distinguished by their developmental origin, unique transcriptional profiles, distinct chromatin landscapes, and different kinetics and phenotypes after microbial challenge. These data demonstrate that the naive CD8+ T cell pool is not as homogeneous as previously thought and offers a new framework for explaining the remarkable heterogeneity in the effector and memory T cell subsets that arise after infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norah L Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ravi K Patel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Arnold Reynaldi
- Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jennifer K Grenier
- RNA Sequencing Core, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jocelyn Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Neva B Watson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Kito Nzingha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Kristel J Yee Mon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Seth A Peng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Andrew Grimson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Miles P Davenport
- Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Brian D Rudd
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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4
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Knoop KA, Gustafsson JK, McDonald KG, Kulkarni DH, Coughlin PE, McCrate S, Kim D, Hsieh CS, Hogan SP, Elson CO, Tarr PI, Newberry RD. Microbial antigen encounter during a preweaning interval is critical for tolerance to gut bacteria. Sci Immunol 2017; 2:eaao1314. [PMID: 29246946 PMCID: PMC5759965 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aao1314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have a mutually beneficial relationship with the trillions of microorganisms inhabiting our gastrointestinal tract. However, maintaining this relationship requires recognizing these organisms as affable and restraining inflammatory responses to these organisms when encountered in hostile settings. How and when the immune system develops tolerance to our gut microbial members is not well understood. We identify a specific preweaning interval in which gut microbial antigens are encountered by the immune system to induce antigen-specific tolerance to gut bacteria. For some bacterial taxa, physiologic encounters with the immune system are restricted to this interval, despite abundance of these taxa in the gut lumen at later times outside this interval. Antigen-specific tolerance to gut bacteria induced during this preweaning interval is stable and maintained even if these taxa are encountered later in life in an inflammatory setting. However, inhibiting microbial antigen encounter during this interval or extending these encounters beyond the normal interval results in a failure to induce tolerance and robust antigen-specific effector responses to gut bacteria upon reencounter in an inflammatory setting. Thus, we have identified a defined preweaning interval critical for developing tolerance to gut bacteria and maintaining the mutually beneficial relationship with our gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Knoop
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jenny K Gustafsson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Keely G McDonald
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Devesha H Kulkarni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Paige E Coughlin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Stephanie McCrate
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dongyeon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chyi-Song Hsieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Simon P Hogan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Charles O Elson
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Phillip I Tarr
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rodney D Newberry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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6
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Carey AJ, Gracias DT, Thayer JL, Boesteanu AC, Kumova OK, Mueller YM, Hope JL, Fraietta JA, van Zessen DBH, Katsikis PD. Rapid Evolution of the CD8+ TCR Repertoire in Neonatal Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:2602-13. [PMID: 26873987 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there is little consensus regarding the most appropriate animal model to study acute infection and the virus-specific CD8(+) T cell (CTL) responses in neonates. TCRβ high-throughput sequencing in naive CTL of differently aged neonatal mice was performed, which demonstrated differential Vβ family gene usage. Using an acute influenza infection model, we examined the TCR repertoire of the CTL response in neonatal and adult mice infected with influenza type A virus. Three-day-old mice mounted a greatly reduced primary NP(366-374)-specific CTL response when compared with 7-d-old and adult mice, whereas secondary CTL responses were normal. Analysis of NP(366-374)-specific CTL TCR repertoire revealed different Vβ gene usage and greatly reduced public clonotypes in 3-d-old neonates. This could underlie the impaired CTL response in these neonates. To directly test this, we examined whether controlling the TCR would restore neonatal CTL responses. We performed adoptive transfers of both nontransgenic and TCR-transgenic OVA(257-264)-specific (OT-I) CD8(+) T cells into influenza-infected hosts, which revealed that naive neonatal and adult OT-I cells expand equally well in neonatal and adult hosts. In contrast, nontransgenic neonatal CD8(+) T cells when transferred into adults failed to expand. We further demonstrate that differences in TCR avidity may contribute to decreased expansion of the endogenous neonatal CTL. These studies highlight the rapid evolution of the neonatal TCR repertoire during the first week of life and show that impaired neonatal CTL immunity results from an immature TCR repertoire, rather than intrinsic signaling defects or a suppressive environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J Carey
- Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102; Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102;
| | - Donald T Gracias
- Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102
| | - Jillian L Thayer
- Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102
| | - Alina C Boesteanu
- Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102
| | - Ogan K Kumova
- Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102
| | - Yvonne M Mueller
- Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102; Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jennifer L Hope
- Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102; Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joseph A Fraietta
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - David B H van Zessen
- Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Bioinformatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter D Katsikis
- Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102; Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands;
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7
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Laudenbach M, Tucker AM, Runyon SP, Carroll FI, Pravetoni M. The frequency of early-activated hapten-specific B cell subsets predicts the efficacy of vaccines for nicotine dependence. Vaccine 2015; 33:6332-9. [PMID: 26409811 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic vaccines for nicotine addiction show pre-clinical efficacy. Yet, clinical evaluation of the first-generation nicotine vaccines did not meet expectations because only a subset of immunized subjects achieved effective serum antibody levels. Recent studies suggest that vaccine design affects B cell activation, and that the frequency of the hapten-specific B cell subsets contributes to vaccine efficacy against drugs of abuse. To extend this hypothesis to nicotine immunogens, we synthesized a novel hapten containing a carboxymethylureido group at the 2-position of the nicotine structure (2CMUNic) and compared its efficacy to the previously characterized 6CMUNic hapten. Haptens were conjugated to the keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) carrier protein, and evaluated for efficacy against nicotine in mice using the clinically approved alum adjuvant. Using a novel fluorescent antigen-based magnetic enrichment strategy paired with multicolor flow cytometry analysis, polyclonal hapten-specific B cell subsets were measured in mice immunized with either 6CMUNic-KLH or 2CMUNic-KLH. The 6CMUNic-KLH showed significantly greater efficacy than 2CMUNic-KLH on nicotine distribution to serum and to the brain. The 6CMUNic-KLH elicited higher anti-nicotine serum antibody titers, and greater expansion of hapten-specific B cells than 2CMUNic-KLH. Within the splenic polyclonal B cell population, a higher number of hapten-specific IgM(high) and germinal centre B cells predicted greater vaccine efficacy against nicotine distribution. These early pre-clinical findings suggest that hapten structure affects activation of B cells, and that variations in the frequency of early-activated hapten-specific B cell subsets underlie individual differences in vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Laudenbach
- Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, MN 55415, USA
| | - A M Tucker
- Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, MN 55415, USA
| | - S P Runyon
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - F I Carroll
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - M Pravetoni
- Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, MN 55415, USA; University of Minnesota Medical School, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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