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Knoop KA, McDonald KG, Coughlin PE, Kulkarni DH, Gustafsson JK, Rusconi B, John V, Ndao IM, Beigelman A, Good M, Warner BB, Elson CO, Hsieh CS, Hogan SP, Tarr PI, Newberry RD. Synchronization of mothers and offspring promotes tolerance and limits allergy. JCI Insight 2020; 5:137943. [PMID: 32759496 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.137943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic disorders, characterized by Th2 immune responses to environmental substances, are increasingly common in children in Western societies. Multiple studies indicate that breastfeeding, early complementary introduction of food allergens, and antibiotic avoidance in the first year of life reduces allergic outcomes in at-risk children. Why the benefit of these practices is restricted to early life is largely unknown. We identified a preweaning interval during which dietary antigens are assimilated by the colonic immune system. This interval is under maternal control via temporal changes in breast milk, coincides with an influx of naive T cells into the colon, and is followed by the development of a long-lived population of colonic peripherally derived Tregs (pTregs) that can be specific for dietary antigens encountered during this interval. Desynchronization of mothers and offspring produced durable deficits in these pTregs, impaired tolerance to dietary antigens introduced during and after this preweaning interval, and resulted in spontaneous Th2 responses. These effects could be rescued by pTregs from the periweaning colon or by Tregs generated in vitro using periweaning colonic antigen-presenting cells. These findings demonstrate that mothers and their offspring are synchronized for the development of a balanced immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Brigida Rusconi
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - I Malick Ndao
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Avraham Beigelman
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,The Kipper Institute of Allergy and Immunology, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Misty Good
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Barbara B Warner
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Charles O Elson
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Simon P Hogan
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Phillip I Tarr
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Knoop KA, Coughlin PE, Floyd AN, Ndao IM, Hall-Moore C, Shaikh N, Gasparrini AJ, Rusconi B, Escobedo M, Good M, Warner BB, Tarr PI, Newberry RD. Maternal activation of the EGFR prevents translocation of gut-residing pathogenic Escherichia coli in a model of late-onset neonatal sepsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:7941-7949. [PMID: 32179676 PMCID: PMC7148560 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1912022117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Late-onset sepsis (LOS) is a highly consequential complication of preterm birth and is defined by a positive blood culture obtained after 72 h of age. The causative bacteria can be found in patients' intestinal tracts days before dissemination, and cohort studies suggest reduced LOS risk in breastfed preterm infants through unknown mechanisms. Reduced concentrations of epidermal growth factor (EGF) of maternal origin within the intestinal tract of mice correlated to the translocation of a gut-resident human pathogen Escherichia coli, which spreads systemically and caused a rapid, fatal disease in pups. Translocation of Escherichia coli was associated with the formation of colonic goblet cell-associated antigen passages (GAPs), which translocate enteric bacteria across the intestinal epithelium. Thus, maternally derived EGF, and potentially other EGFR ligands, prevents dissemination of a gut-resident pathogen by inhibiting goblet cell-mediated bacterial translocation. Through manipulation of maternally derived EGF and alteration of the earliest gut defenses, we have developed an animal model of pathogen dissemination which recapitulates gut-origin neonatal LOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Knoop
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Paige E Coughlin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Alexandria N Floyd
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - I Malick Ndao
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Carla Hall-Moore
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Nurmohammad Shaikh
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Andrew J Gasparrini
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Brigida Rusconi
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Marilyn Escobedo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma School of Medicine, Oklahoma City, OK 73019
| | - Misty Good
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Barbara B Warner
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Phillip I Tarr
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Rodney D Newberry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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Knoop KA, Gustafsson JK, McDonald KG, Kulkarni DH, Coughlin PE, McCrate S, Kim D, Hsieh CS, Hogan SP, Elson CO, Tarr PI, Newberry RD. Microbial antigen encounter during a preweaning interval is critical for tolerance to gut bacteria. Sci Immunol 2017; 2:eaao1314. [PMID: 29246946 PMCID: PMC5759965 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aao1314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have a mutually beneficial relationship with the trillions of microorganisms inhabiting our gastrointestinal tract. However, maintaining this relationship requires recognizing these organisms as affable and restraining inflammatory responses to these organisms when encountered in hostile settings. How and when the immune system develops tolerance to our gut microbial members is not well understood. We identify a specific preweaning interval in which gut microbial antigens are encountered by the immune system to induce antigen-specific tolerance to gut bacteria. For some bacterial taxa, physiologic encounters with the immune system are restricted to this interval, despite abundance of these taxa in the gut lumen at later times outside this interval. Antigen-specific tolerance to gut bacteria induced during this preweaning interval is stable and maintained even if these taxa are encountered later in life in an inflammatory setting. However, inhibiting microbial antigen encounter during this interval or extending these encounters beyond the normal interval results in a failure to induce tolerance and robust antigen-specific effector responses to gut bacteria upon reencounter in an inflammatory setting. Thus, we have identified a defined preweaning interval critical for developing tolerance to gut bacteria and maintaining the mutually beneficial relationship with our gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Knoop
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jenny K Gustafsson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Keely G McDonald
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Devesha H Kulkarni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Paige E Coughlin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Stephanie McCrate
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dongyeon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chyi-Song Hsieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Simon P Hogan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Charles O Elson
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Phillip I Tarr
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rodney D Newberry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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