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Abu Khweek A, Joldrichsen MR, Kim E, Attia Z, Krause K, Daily K, Estfanous S, Hamilton K, Badr A, Anne MNK, Eltobgy M, Corps KN, Carafice C, Zhang X, Gavrilin MA, Boyaka PN, Amer AO. Caspase-11 regulates lung inflammation in response to house dust mites. Cell Immunol 2021; 370:104425. [PMID: 34800762 PMCID: PMC8714054 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is an inflammatory lung disorder characterized by mucus hypersecretion, cellular infiltration, and bronchial hyper-responsiveness. House dust mites (HDM) are the most prevalent cause of allergic sensitization. Canonical and noncanonical inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that assemble in response to pathogen or danger-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs or DAMPs). Murine caspase-11 engages the noncanonical inflammasome. We addressed the role of caspase-11 in mediating host responses to HDM and subsequent allergic inflammation using caspase-11-/- mice, which lack caspase-11 while express caspase-1. We found that HDM induce caspase-11 expression in vitro. The presence of IL-4 and IL-13 promote caspase-11 expression. Additionally, caspase-11-/- macrophages show reduced release of IL-6, IL-12, and KC, and express lower levels of costimulatory molecules (e.g., CD40, CD86 and MHCII) in response to HDM stimulation. Notably, HDM sensitization of caspase-11-/- mice resulted in similar levels of IgE responses and hypothermia in response to nasal HDM challenge compared to WT. However, analysis of cell numbers and cytokines in bronchiolar alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and histopathology of representative lung segments demonstrate altered inflammatory responses and reduced neutrophilia in the airways of the caspase-11-/- mice. These findings indicate that caspase-11 regulates airway inflammation in response to HDM exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Abu Khweek
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA; Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Birzeit University, West Bank, Palestine
| | - Marisa R Joldrichsen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Eunsoo Kim
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Zayed Attia
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Kathrin Krause
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Kylene Daily
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Shady Estfanous
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Kaitlin Hamilton
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Asmaa Badr
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Midhun N K Anne
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Mostafa Eltobgy
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Kara N Corps
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Cierra Carafice
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Mikhail A Gavrilin
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Prosper N Boyaka
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA; Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA.
| | - Amal O Amer
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA.
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Agnew A, Nulty C, Creagh EM. Regulation, Activation and Function of Caspase-11 during Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041506. [PMID: 33546173 PMCID: PMC7913190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Caspase-11 is a pro-inflammatory enzyme that is stringently regulated during its expression and activation. As caspase-11 is not constitutively expressed in cells, it requires a priming step for its upregulation, which occurs following the stimulation of pathogen and cytokine receptors. Once expressed, caspase-11 activation is triggered by its interaction with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria. Being an initiator caspase, activated caspase-11 functions primarily through its cleavage of key substrates. Gasdermin D (GSDMD) is the primary substrate of caspase-11, and the GSDMD cleavage fragment generated is responsible for the inflammatory form of cell death, pyroptosis, via its formation of pores in the plasma membrane. Thus, caspase-11 functions as an intracellular sensor for LPS and an immune effector. This review provides an overview of caspase-11—describing its structure and the transcriptional mechanisms that govern its expression, in addition to its activation, which is reported to be regulated by factors such as guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein, and oxidized phospholipids. We also discuss the functional outcomes of caspase-11 activation, which include the non-canonical inflammasome, modulation of actin dynamics, and the initiation of blood coagulation, highlighting the importance of inflammatory caspase-11 during infection and disease.
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Abu Khweek A, Amer AO. Pyroptotic and non-pyroptotic effector functions of caspase-11. Immunol Rev 2020; 297:39-52. [PMID: 32737894 PMCID: PMC7496135 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Innate immune cells, epithelial cells, and many other cell types are capable of detecting infection or tissue injury, thus mounting regulated immune response. Inflammasomes are highly sophisticated and effective orchestrators of innate immunity. These oligomerized multiprotein complexes are at the center of various innate immune pathways, including modulation of the cytoskeleton, production and maturation of cytokines, and control of bacterial growth and cell death. Inflammasome assembly often results in caspase‐1 activation, which is an inflammatory caspase that is involved in pyroptotic cell death and release of inflammatory cytokines in response to pathogen patterns and endogenous danger stimuli. However, the nature of stimuli and inflammasome components are diverse. Caspase‐1 activation mediated release of mature IL‐1β and IL‐18 in response to canonical stimuli initiated by NOD‐like receptor (NLR), and apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC). On the other hand, caspase‐11 delineates a non‐canonical inflammasome that promotes pyroptotic cell death and non‐pyroptotic functions in response to non‐canonical stimuli. Caspase‐11 in mice and its homologues in humans (caspase‐4/5) belong to caspase‐1 family of cysteine proteases, and play a role in inflammation. Knockout mice provided new genetic tools to study inflammatory caspases and revealed the role of caspase‐11 in mediating septic shock in response to lethal doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Recognition of LPS mediates caspase‐11 activation, which promotes a myriad of downstream effects that include pyroptotic and non‐pyroptotic effector functions. Therefore, the physiological functions of caspase‐11 are much broader than its previously established roles in apoptosis and cytokine maturation. Inflammation induced by exogenous or endogenous agents can be detrimental and, if excessive, can result in organ and tissue damage. Consequently, the existence of sophisticated mechanisms that tightly regulate the specificity and sensitivity of inflammasome pathways provides a fine‐tuning balance between adequate immune response and minimal tissue damage. In this review, we summarize effector functions of caspase‐11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Abu Khweek
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Birzeit University, West Bank, Palestine
| | - Amal O Amer
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Infectious Disease Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Caspase-11 Contributes to Oviduct Pathology during Genital Chlamydia Infection in Mice. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00262-19. [PMID: 31160363 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00262-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that caspase-1, but not its upstream activator, ASC, contributes to oviduct pathology during mouse genital Chlamydia muridarum infection. We hypothesized that this dichotomy is due to the inadvertent absence of caspase-11 in previously used caspase-1-deficient mice. To address this, we studied the independent contributions of caspase-1 and -11 during genital Chlamydia infection. Our results show that caspase-11 deficiency was sufficient to recapitulate the effect of the combined absence of both caspase-1 and caspase-11 on oviduct pathology. Further, mice that were deficient for both caspase-1 and -11 but that expressed caspase-11 as a transgene (essentially, caspase-1-deficient mice) had no significant difference in oviduct pathology from control mice. Caspase-11-deficient mice showed reduced dilation in both the oviducts and uterus. To determine the mechanism by which caspase-11-deficient mice developed reduced pathology, the chlamydial burden and immune cell infiltration were determined in the oviducts. In the caspase-11-deficient mice, we observed increased chlamydial burdens in the upper genital tract, which correlated with increased CD4 T cell recruitment, suggesting a contribution of caspase-11 in infection control. Additionally, there were significantly fewer neutrophils in the oviducts of caspase-11-deficient mice, supporting the observed decrease in the incidence of oviduct pathology. Therefore, caspase-11 activation contributes to pathogen control and oviduct disease independently of caspase-1 activation.
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Ziraldo C, Gong C, Kirschner DE, Linderman JJ. Strategic Priming with Multiple Antigens can Yield Memory Cell Phenotypes Optimized for Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A Computational Study. Front Microbiol 2016; 6:1477. [PMID: 26779136 PMCID: PMC4701940 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of an effective vaccine results in 9 million new cases of tuberculosis (TB) every year and 1.8 million deaths worldwide. Although many infants are vaccinated at birth with BCG (an attenuated M. bovis), this does not prevent infection or development of TB after childhood. Immune responses necessary for prevention of infection or disease are still unknown, making development of effective vaccines against TB challenging. Several new vaccines are ready for human clinical trials, but these trials are difficult and expensive; especially challenging is determining the appropriate cellular response necessary for protection. The magnitude of an immune response is likely key to generating a successful vaccine. Characteristics such as numbers of central memory (CM) and effector memory (EM) T cells responsive to a diverse set of epitopes are also correlated with protection. Promising vaccines against TB contain mycobacterial subunit antigens (Ag) present during both active and latent infection. We hypothesize that protection against different key immunodominant antigens could require a vaccine that produces different levels of EM and CM for each Ag-specific memory population. We created a computational model to explore EM and CM values, and their ratio, within what we term Memory Design Space. Our model captures events involved in T cell priming within lymph nodes and tracks their circulation through blood to peripheral tissues. We used the model to test whether multiple Ag-specific memory cell populations could be generated with distinct locations within Memory Design Space at a specific time point post vaccination. Boosting can further shift memory populations to memory cell ratios unreachable by initial priming events. By strategically varying antigen load, properties of cellular interactions within the LN, and delivery parameters (e.g., number of boosts) of multi-subunit vaccines, we can generate multiple Ag-specific memory populations that cover a wide range of Memory Design Space. Given a set of desired characteristics for Ag-specific memory populations, we can use our model as a tool to predict vaccine formulations that will generate those populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cordelia Ziraldo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann ArborMI, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann ArborMI, USA
| | - Chang Gong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann ArborMI, USA; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann ArborMI, USA
| | - Denise E Kirschner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor MI, USA
| | - Jennifer J Linderman
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, USA
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Caution K, Gavrilin MA, Tazi M, Kanneganti A, Layman D, Hoque S, Krause K, Amer AO. Caspase-11 and caspase-1 differentially modulate actin polymerization via RhoA and Slingshot proteins to promote bacterial clearance. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18479. [PMID: 26686473 PMCID: PMC4685268 DOI: 10.1038/srep18479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that include members of the NOD-like receptor family and caspase-1. Caspase-1 is required for the fusion of the Legionella vacuole with lysosomes. Caspase-11, independently of the inflammasome, also promotes phagolysosomal fusion. However, it is unclear how these proteases alter intracellular trafficking. Here, we show that caspase-11 and caspase-1 function in opposing manners to phosphorylate and dephosphorylate cofilin, respectively upon infection with Legionella. Caspase-11 targets cofilin via the RhoA GTPase, whereas caspase-1 engages the Slingshot phosphatase. The absence of either caspase-11 or caspase-1 maintains actin in the polymerized or depolymerized form, respectively and averts the fusion of pathogen-containing vacuoles with lysosomes. Therefore, caspase-11 and caspase-1 converge on the actin machinery with opposing effects to promote vesicular trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Caution
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Center for Microbial Interface Biology, Columbus OH 43210.,Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210
| | - Mikhail A Gavrilin
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210
| | - Mia Tazi
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Center for Microbial Interface Biology, Columbus OH 43210.,Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210
| | - Apurva Kanneganti
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Center for Microbial Interface Biology, Columbus OH 43210.,Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210
| | - Daniel Layman
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Center for Microbial Interface Biology, Columbus OH 43210.,Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210
| | - Sheshadri Hoque
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Center for Microbial Interface Biology, Columbus OH 43210.,Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210
| | - Kathrin Krause
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Center for Microbial Interface Biology, Columbus OH 43210.,Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210
| | - Amal O Amer
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Center for Microbial Interface Biology, Columbus OH 43210.,Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210
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