1
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Ueda Y, Higasa K, Kamioka Y, Kondo N, Horitani S, Ikeda Y, Bergmeier W, Fukui Y, Kinashi T. Rap1 organizes lymphocyte front-back polarity via RhoA signaling and talin1. iScience 2023; 26:107292. [PMID: 37520697 PMCID: PMC10374465 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphocyte trafficking requires fine-tuning of chemokine-mediated cell migration. This process depends on cytoskeletal dynamics and polarity, but its regulation remains elusive. We quantitatively measured cell polarity and revealed critical roles performed by integrin activator Rap1 in this process, independent of substrate adhesion. Rap1-deficient naive T cells exhibited impaired abilities to reorganize the actin cytoskeleton into pseudopods and actomyosin-rich uropods. Rap1-GTPase activating proteins (GAPs), Rasa3 and Sipa1, maintained an unpolarized shape; deletion of these GAPs spontaneously induced cell polarization, indicative of the polarizing effect of Rap1. Rap1 activation required F-actin scaffolds, and stimulated RhoA activation and actomyosin contractility at the rear. Furthermore, talin1 acted on Rap1 downstream effectors to promote actomyosin contractility in the uropod, which occurred independently of substrate adhesion and talin1 binding to integrins. These findings indicate that Rap1 signaling to RhoA and talin1 regulates chemokine-stimulated lymphocyte polarization and chemotaxis in a manner independent of adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Ueda
- The Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Koichiro Higasa
- The Department of Genome Analysis, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Yuji Kamioka
- The Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kondo
- The Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Horitani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ikeda
- The Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Wolfgang Bergmeier
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yoshinori Fukui
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kinashi
- The Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
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2
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Kunimura K, Akiyoshi S, Uruno T, Matsubara K, Sakata D, Morino K, Hirotani K, Fukui Y. DOCK2 regulates MRGPRX2/B2-mediated mast cell degranulation and drug-induced anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023:S0091-6749(23)00209-9. [PMID: 36804596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug-induced anaphylaxis is triggered by the direct stimulation of mast cells (MCs) via Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2; mouse ortholog MRGPRB2). However, the precise mechanism that links MRGPRX2/B2 to MC degranulation is poorly understood. Dedicator of cytokinesis 2 (DOCK2) is a Rac activator predominantly expressed in hematopoietic cells. Although DOCK2 regulates migration and activation of leukocytes, its role in MCs remains unknown. OBJECTIVE We aimed to elucidate whether-and if so, how-DOCK2 is involved in MRGPRX2/B2-mediated MC degranulation and anaphylaxis. METHODS Induction of drug-induced systemic and cutaneous anaphylaxis was compared between wild-type and DOCK2-deficient mice. In addition, genetic or pharmacologic inactivation of DOCK2 in human and murine MCs was used to reveal its role in MRGPRX2/B2-mediated signal transduction and degranulation. RESULTS Induction of MC degranulation and anaphylaxis by compound 48/80 and ciprofloxacin was severely attenuated in the absence of DOCK2. Although calcium influx and phosphorylation of several signaling molecules were unaffected, MRGPRB2-mediated Rac activation and phosphorylation of p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) were impaired in DOCK2-deficient MCs. Similar results were obtained when mice or MCs were treated with small-molecule inhibitors that bind to the catalytic domain of DOCK2 and inhibit Rac activation. CONCLUSION DOCK2 regulates MRGPRX2/B2-mediated MC degranulation through Rac activation and PAK1 phosphorylation, thereby indicating that the DOCK2-Rac-PAK1 axis could be a target for preventing drug-induced anaphylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazufumi Kunimura
- Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Division of Immunogenetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Sayaka Akiyoshi
- Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Division of Immunogenetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takehito Uruno
- Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Division of Immunogenetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Matsubara
- Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Division of Immunogenetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daiji Sakata
- Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Division of Immunogenetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Morino
- Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Division of Immunogenetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Hirotani
- Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Division of Immunogenetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fukui
- Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Division of Immunogenetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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3
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Kamnev A, Lacouture C, Fusaro M, Dupré L. Molecular Tuning of Actin Dynamics in Leukocyte Migration as Revealed by Immune-Related Actinopathies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:750537. [PMID: 34867982 PMCID: PMC8634686 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.750537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Motility is a crucial activity of immune cells allowing them to patrol tissues as they differentiate, sample or exchange information, and execute their effector functions. Although all immune cells are highly migratory, each subset is endowed with very distinct motility patterns in accordance with functional specification. Furthermore individual immune cell subsets adapt their motility behaviour to the surrounding tissue environment. This review focuses on how the generation and adaptation of diversified motility patterns in immune cells is sustained by actin cytoskeleton dynamics. In particular, we review the knowledge gained through the study of inborn errors of immunity (IEI) related to actin defects. Such pathologies are unique models that help us to uncover the contribution of individual actin regulators to the migration of immune cells in the context of their development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Kamnev
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claire Lacouture
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire De Physique Théorique, IRSAMC, Université De Toulouse (UPS), CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Mathieu Fusaro
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Loïc Dupré
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
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4
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Thelen F, Wissmann S, Ruef N, Stein JV. The Tec Kinase Itk Integrates Naïve T Cell Migration and In Vivo Homeostasis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:716405. [PMID: 34566971 PMCID: PMC8458560 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.716405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Naïve T cells (TN) constitutively recirculate through secondary lymphatic organs (SLOs), where they scan dendritic cells (DCs) for cognate peptide-loaded major histocompatibility complexes (pMHC). Continuous trafficking between SLOs not only enables rapid clonal selection but also ensures TN homeostasis by providing access to prosurvival signals from TCR, IL-7R, and the chemokine receptor CCR7. Inside the lymphoid tissue, CCR7-mediated TN motility is mainly driven by the Rac activator DOCK2, with a separate contribution by a phosphoinositide-3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ)-dependent pathway. Tec tyrosine kinases and the Rac activator Tiam1 constitute prominent downstream effectors of PI3K signaling. Yet, the precise role of Tec kinase versus Tiam1 signaling during CCR7-mediated TN migration and homeostasis remains incompletely understood. Here, we examined the function of the Tec family member interleukin-2-inducible T-cell kinase (Itk) and Tiam1 during TN migration in vitro and in vivo using intravital microscopy. Itk deficiency caused a mild decrease in CCR7-triggered TN migration, mirroring observations made with PI3Kγ;-/- T cells, while lack of Tiam1 did not affect TN motility. In silico modeling suggested that reduced migration in the absence of Itk does not result in a substantial decrease in the frequency of TN encounters with DCs within the lymphoid tissue. In contrast, Itk was important to maintain in vivo homeostasis of CD4+ TN, also in MHCII-deficient hosts. Taken together, our data suggest that Itk contributes to TN migration and survival by integrating chemokine receptor and TCR signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavian Thelen
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Zürich and University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Wissmann
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Nora Ruef
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jens V Stein
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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5
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Stolp B, Thelen F, Ficht X, Altenburger LM, Ruef N, Inavalli VVGK, Germann P, Page N, Moalli F, Raimondi A, Keyser KA, Seyed Jafari SM, Barone F, Dettmer MS, Merkler D, Iannacone M, Sharpe J, Schlapbach C, Fackler OT, Nägerl UV, Stein JV. Salivary gland macrophages and tissue-resident CD8 + T cells cooperate for homeostatic organ surveillance. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:5/46/eaaz4371. [PMID: 32245888 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aaz4371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that tissue macrophages and tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells (TRM) play important roles for pathogen sensing and rapid protection of barrier tissues. In contrast, the mechanisms by which these two cell types cooperate for homeostatic organ surveillance after clearance of infections is poorly understood. Here, we used intravital imaging to show that TRM dynamically followed tissue macrophage topology in noninflamed murine submandibular salivary glands (SMGs). Depletion of tissue macrophages interfered with SMG TRM motility and caused a reduction of interepithelial T cell crossing. In the absence of macrophages, SMG TRM failed to cluster in response to local inflammatory chemokines. A detailed analysis of the SMG microarchitecture uncovered discontinuous attachment of tissue macrophages to neighboring epithelial cells, with occasional macrophage protrusions bridging adjacent acini and ducts. When dissecting the molecular mechanisms that drive homeostatic SMG TRM motility, we found that these cells exhibit a wide range of migration modes: In addition to chemokine- and adhesion receptor-driven motility, resting SMG TRM displayed a remarkable capacity for autonomous motility in the absence of chemoattractants and adhesive ligands. Autonomous SMG TRM motility was mediated by friction and insertion of protrusions into gaps offered by the surrounding microenvironment. In sum, SMG TRM display a unique continuum of migration modes, which are supported in vivo by tissue macrophages to allow homeostatic patrolling of the complex SMG architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Stolp
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.,Department for Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Flavian Thelen
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Xenia Ficht
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lukas M Altenburger
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Nora Ruef
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - V V G Krishna Inavalli
- University of Bordeaux, 33700 Bordeaux, France.,Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5297, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Philipp Germann
- EMBL Barcelona, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08002 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicolas Page
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Clinical Pathology, University and University Hospitals of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Kirsten A Keyser
- Institute for Virology, OE5230, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - S Morteza Seyed Jafari
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Barone
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Doron Merkler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Clinical Pathology, University and University Hospitals of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - James Sharpe
- EMBL Barcelona, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08002 Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christoph Schlapbach
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Oliver T Fackler
- Department for Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - U Valentin Nägerl
- University of Bordeaux, 33700 Bordeaux, France.,Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5297, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jens V Stein
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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6
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Chen Y, Chen Y, Yin W, Han H, Miller H, Li J, Herrada AA, Kubo M, Sui Z, Gong Q, Liu C. The regulation of DOCK family proteins on T and B cells. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 109:383-394. [PMID: 32542827 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1mr0520-221rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The dedicator of cytokinesis (DOCK) family proteins consist of 11 members, each of which contains 2 domains, DOCK homology region (DHR)-1 and DHR-2, and as guanine nucleotide exchange factors, they mediate activation of small GTPases. Both DOCK2 and DOCK8 deficiencies in humans can cause severe combined immunodeficiency, but they have different characteristics. DOCK8 defect mainly causes high IgE, allergic disease, refractory skin virus infection, and increased incidence of malignant tumor, whereas DOCK2 defect mainly causes early-onset, invasive infection with less atopy and increased IgE. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms causing the disease remain unclear. This paper discusses the role of DOCK family proteins in regulating B and T cells, including development, survival, migration, activation, immune tolerance, and immune functions. Moreover, related signal pathways or molecule mechanisms are also described in this review. A greater understanding of DOCK family proteins and their regulation of lymphocyte functions may facilitate the development of new therapeutics for immunodeficient patients and improve their prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Chen
- The Second Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Wei Yin
- Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Han
- Department of Hematology of Liyuan Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heather Miller
- The Laboratory of Intracellular Parasites, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Jianrong Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Andres A Herrada
- Lymphatic and Inflammation Research Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Masato Kubo
- Laboratory for Cytokine Regulation, Center for Integrative Medical Science (IMS), RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Zhiwei Sui
- Division of Medical and Biological Measurement, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Gong
- Department of immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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7
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Stein JV, Ruef N. Regulation of global CD8 + T-cell positioning by the actomyosin cytoskeleton. Immunol Rev 2020; 289:232-249. [PMID: 30977193 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CD8+ T cells have evolved as one of the most motile mammalian cell types, designed to continuously scan peptide-major histocompatibility complexes class I on the surfaces of other cells. Chemoattractants and adhesion molecules direct CD8+ T-cell homing to and migration within secondary lymphoid organs, where these cells colocalize with antigen-presenting dendritic cells in confined tissue volumes. CD8+ T-cell activation induces a switch to infiltration of non-lymphoid tissue (NLT), which differ in their topology and biophysical properties from lymphoid tissue. Here, we provide a short overview on regulation of organism-wide trafficking patterns during naive T-cell recirculation and their switch to non-lymphoid tissue homing during activation. The migratory lifestyle of CD8+ T cells is regulated by their actomyosin cytoskeleton, which translates chemical signals from surface receptors into mechanical work. We explore how properties of the actomyosin cytoskeleton and its regulators affect CD8+ T cell function in lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissue, combining recent findings in the field of cell migration and actin network regulation with tissue anatomy. Finally, we hypothesize that under certain conditions, intrinsic regulation of actomyosin dynamics may render NLT CD8+ T-cell populations less dependent on input from extrinsic signals during tissue scanning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens V Stein
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Nora Ruef
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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8
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Kozlovski S, Atrakchi O, Feigelson SW, Shulman Z, Alon R. Stable contacts of naïve CD4 T cells with migratory dendritic cells are ICAM-1-dependent but dispensable for proliferation in vivo. Cell Adh Migr 2019; 13:315-321. [PMID: 31328672 PMCID: PMC6682365 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2019.1644857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
It is unclear if naïve T cells require dendritic cell ICAMs to proliferate inside lymph nodes. To check if and when CD4 lymphocytes use ICAMs on migratory DCs, wild-type and ICAM-1 and 2 double knock out bone marrow-derived DCs pulsed with saturating levels of an OT-II transgene-specific ovalbumin-derived peptide were co-transferred into skin-draining lymph nodes. Intravital imaging of OT-II lymphocytes entering these lymph nodes revealed that ICAM-1 and -2 deficient migratory DCs formed fewer stable conjugates with OT-II lymphocytes but promoted normal T cell proliferation. DC ICAMs were also not required for unstable TCR-dependent lymphocyte arrests on antigen presenting migratory DCs. Thus, rare antigen-stimulated ICAM-stabilized T-DC conjugates are dispensable for CD4 lymphocyte proliferation inside lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stav Kozlovski
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ofir Atrakchi
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sara W Feigelson
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ziv Shulman
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ronen Alon
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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9
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Sivapatham S, Ficht X, Barreto de Albuquerque J, Page N, Merkler D, Stein JV. Initial Viral Inoculum Determines Kinapse-and Synapse-Like T Cell Motility in Reactive Lymph Nodes. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2086. [PMID: 31552034 PMCID: PMC6743022 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell activation in lymphoid tissue occurs through interactions with cognate peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC)-presenting dendritic cells (DCs). Intravital imaging studies using ex vivo peptide-pulsed DCs have uncovered that cognate pMHC levels imprint a wide range of dynamic contacts between these two cell types. T cell-DC interactions vary between transient, "kinapse-like" contacts at low to moderate pMHC levels to immediate "synapse-like" arrest at DCs displaying high pMHC levels. To date, it remains unclear whether this pattern is recapitulated when the immune system faces a replicative agent, such as a virus, at low and high inoculum. Here, we locally administered low and high inoculum of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) in mice to follow activation parameters of Ag-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in draining lymph nodes (LNs) during the first 72 h post infection. We correlated these data with kinapse- and synapse-like motility patterns of Ag-specific T cells obtained by intravital imaging of draining LNs. Our data show that initial viral inoculum controls immediate synapse-like T cell arrest vs. continuous kinapse-like motility. This remains the case when the viral inoculum and thus the inflammatory microenvironment in draining LNs remains identical but cognate pMHC levels vary. Our data imply that the Ag-processing capacity of draining LNs is equipped to rapidly present high levels of cognate pMHC when antigenic material is abundant. Our findings further suggest that widespread T cell arrest during the first 72 h of an antimicrobial immune responses is not required to trigger proliferation. In sum, T cells adapt their scanning behavior according to available antigen levels during viral infections, with dynamic changes in motility occurring before detectable expression of early activation markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujana Sivapatham
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Xenia Ficht
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Nicolas Page
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Doron Merkler
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jens V Stein
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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10
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Wu M, Li L, Hamaker M, Small D, Duffield AS. FLT3-ITD cooperates with Rac1 to modulate the sensitivity of leukemic cells to chemotherapeutic agents via regulation of DNA repair pathways. Haematologica 2019; 104:2418-2428. [PMID: 30975911 PMCID: PMC6959181 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.208843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematologic neoplasm, and patients with an internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutation of the FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3) receptor gene have a poor prognosis. FLT3-ITD interacts with DOCK2, a G effector protein that activates Rac1/2. Previously, we showed that knockdown of DOCK2 leads to decreased survival of FLT3-ITD leukemic cells. We further investigated the mechanisms by which Rac1/DOCK2 activity affects cell survival and chemotherapeutic response in FLT3-ITD leukemic cells. Exogenous expression of FLT3-ITD led to increased Rac1 activity, reactive oxygen species, phosphorylated STAT5, DNA damage response factors and cytarabine resistance. Conversely, DOCK2 knockdown resulted in a decrease in these factors. Consistent with the reduction in DNA damage response factors, FLT3-ITD cells with DOCK2 knockdown exhibited significantly increased sensitivity to DNA damage response inhibitors. Moreover, in a mouse model of FLT3-ITD AML, animals treated with the CHK1 inhibitor MK8776 + cytarabine survived longer than those treated with cytarabine alone. These findings suggest that FLT3-ITD and Rac1 activity cooperatively modulate DNA repair activity, the addition of DNA damage response inhibitors to conventional chemotherapy may be useful in the treatment of FLT3-ITD AML, and inhibition of the Rac signaling pathways via DOCK2 may provide a novel and promising therapeutic target for FLT3-ITD AML.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Li
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Donald Small
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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11
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Lu M, Xu C, Zhang Q, Wu X, Tang L, Wang X, Wu J, Wu X. Inhibition of p21-activated kinase 1 attenuates the cardinal features of asthma through suppressing the lymph node homing of dendritic cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 154:464-473. [PMID: 29906467 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) trafficking from lung to the draining mediastinal lymph nodes (MLNs) is a key step for initiation of T cell responses in allergic asthma. In the present study, we investigate the role of DC-mediated airway inflammation after inhibition of p21-activated kinase-1 (PAK1), an effector of Rac and Cdc42 small GTPases, in the allergen-induced mouse models of asthma. Systemic administration of PAK1 specific inhibitor IPA-3 significantly attenuates not only the airway inflammation but also the airway hyperresponsiveness in a mouse model of ovalbumin-induced asthma. Specifically, intratracheal administration of low dosage of IPA-3 consistently decreases not only the airway inflammation but also the DC trafficking from lung to the MLNs. Importantly, intratracheal instillation of IPA-3-treated and ovalbumin-pulsed DCs behaves largely the same as that of either Rac inhibitor-treated and ovalbumin-pulsed DCs or Cdc42 inhibitor-treated and ovalbumin-pulsed DCs in attenuation of the airway inflammation in ovalbumin-challenged mice. Mechanistically, PAK1 is not involved in the maturation, apoptosis, antigen uptake, and T cell activation of cultured DCs, but PAK1 dose lie on the downstream of Rac and Cdc42 to regulate the DC migration toward the chemokine C-C motif chemokine ligand 19. Taken together, this study demonstrates that inhibition of PAK1 attenuates the cardinal features of asthma through suppressing the DC trafficking from lung to the MLN, and that interfere with DC trafficking by a PAK1 inhibitor thus holds great promise for the therapeutic intervention of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiping Lu
- Department of Allergy immunology and rheumatology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China.
| | - Chengyun Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of CFDA for Respiratory Drug Research, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of CFDA for Respiratory Drug Research, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiling Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Lanfang Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Xiangzhi Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Junsong Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Ximei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of CFDA for Respiratory Drug Research, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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