1
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Zhang Y, Zhou X. Targeting regulated cell death (RCD) in hematological malignancies: Recent advances and therapeutic potential. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116667. [PMID: 38703504 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD) is a form of cell death that can be regulated by numerous biomacromolecules. Accumulating evidence suggests that dysregulated expression and altered localization of related proteins in RCD promote the development of cancer. Targeting subroutines of RCD with pharmacological small-molecule compounds is becoming a promising therapeutic avenue for anti-tumor treatment, especially in hematological malignancies. Herein, we summarize the aberrant mechanisms of apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, PANoptosis, and ferroptosis in hematological malignancies. In particular, we focus on the relationship between cell death and tumorigenesis, anti-tumor immunotherapy, and drug resistance in hematological malignancies. Furthermore, we discuss the emerging therapeutic strategies targeting different RCD subroutines. This review aims to summarize the significance and potential mechanisms of RCD in hematological malignancies, along with the development and utilization of pertinent therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Xiangxiang Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, China; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 251006, China.
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2
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Joannou K, Baldwin TA. Destined for the intestine: thymic selection of TCRαβ CD8αα intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 213:67-75. [PMID: 37137518 PMCID: PMC10324546 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system is composed of a variety of different T-cell lineages distributed through both secondary lymphoid tissue and non-lymphoid tissue. The intestinal epithelium is a critical barrier surface that contains numerous intraepithelial lymphocytes that aid in maintaining homeostasis at that barrier. This review focuses on T-cell receptor αβ (TCRαβ) CD8αα intraepithelial lymphocytes, and how recent advances in the field clarify how this unique T-cell subset is selected, matures, and functions in the intestines. We consider how the available evidence reveals a story of ontogeny starting from agonist selection of T cells in the thymus and finishing through the specific signaling environment of the intestinal epithelium. We conclude with how this story raises further key questions about the development of different ontogenic waves of TCRαβ CD8αα IEL and their importance for intestinal epithelial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Joannou
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Troy A Baldwin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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3
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Niebuhr M, Bahreini F, Fähnrich A, Bomholt C, Bieber K, Schmidt E, Ibrahim S, Hammers CM, Kalies K. Analysis of T cell repertoires of CD45RO CD4 T cells in cohorts of patients with bullous pemphigoid: A pilot study. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1006941. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1006941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases develop over years - starting from a subclinical phenotype to clinically manifest autoimmune disease. The factors that drive this transition are ill-defined. To predict the turning point towards clinical disease and to intervene in the progress of autoimmune-mediated dysfunction, the establishment of new biomarkers is needed. Especially CD4 T cells are crucially involved in autoimmunity: first, during the initiation phase, because they lose their tolerance towards self-peptides, and second, by the subsequent ongoing presentation of self-peptides during the active autoimmune disease. Accordingly, changes in the degree of diversity of T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires in autoimmunity have been reported. These findings led to the hypothesis that transition from pre-disease to autoimmune disease is associated with an increase of abnormally expanded T cell clones that occupy large portions of the TCR repertoire. In this pilot study, we asked whether the ratio and the diversity of the TCR repertoires of circulating memory (CD45RO) and naïve (CD45RA) CD4 T cells could serve as a predictive factor for the development of autoimmunity. To find out, we analyzed the TCRβ repertoires of memory and naïve CD4 T cells in a small cohort of four gender- and age-matched elderly patients having the autoimmune blistering disease bullous pemphigoid or non-melanoma skin cancers. We found that the extent of clonal expansions in the TCRβ repertoires from the circulating memory and naïve CD4 populations did not differ between the patient groups. This result shows that the diversity of TCR repertoires from peripheral CD4 T cells does not reflect the manifestation of the skin-associated autoimmune disease BP and does not qualify as a prognostic factor. We propose that longitudinal TCR repertoire analysis of younger patients might be more informative.
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4
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Shanmuganad S, Hummel SA, Varghese V, Hildeman DA. Bcl-2 Is Necessary to Counteract Bim and Promote Survival of TCRαβ +CD8αα + Intraepithelial Lymphocyte Precursors in the Thymus. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:651-659. [PMID: 34996838 PMCID: PMC8982985 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The precursors of TCRαβ+CD8αα+ intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) arise in the thymus through a complex process of agonist selection. We and others have shown that the proapoptotic protein, Bim, is critical to limit the number of thymic IEL precursors (IELp), as loss of Bim at the CD4+CD8+ double-positive stage of development drastically increases IELp. The factors determining this cell death versus survival decision remain largely unknown. In this study, we used CD4CreBcl2f/f mice to define the role of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and CD4CreBcl2f/fBimf/f mice to determine the role of Bcl-2 in opposing Bim to promote survival of IELp. First, in wild-type mice, we defined distinct subpopulations within PD-1+CD122+ IELp, based on their expression of Runx3 and α4β7. Coexpression of α4β7 and Runx3 marked IELp that were most dependent upon Bcl-2 for survival. Importantly, the additional loss of Bim restored Runx3+α4β7+ IELp, showing that Bcl-2 antagonizes Bim to enable IELp survival. Further, the loss of thymic IELp in CD4CreBcl2f/f mice also led to a dramatic loss of IEL in the gut, and the additional loss of Bim restored gut IEL. The loss of gut IEL was due to both reduced seeding by IELp from the thymus as well as a requirement for Bcl-2 for peripheral IEL survival. Together, these findings highlight subset-specific and temporal roles for Bcl-2 in driving the survival of TCRαβ+CD8αα+ IEL and thymic IELp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila Shanmuganad
- Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH; and
| | - Sarah A Hummel
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Vivian Varghese
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - David A Hildeman
- Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH; and
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
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5
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Niebuhr M, Belde J, Fähnrich A, Serge A, Irla M, Ellebrecht CT, Hammers CM, Bieber K, Westermann J, Kalies K. Receptor repertoires of murine follicular T helper cells reveal a high clonal overlap in separate lymph nodes in autoimmunity. eLife 2021; 10:70053. [PMID: 34402793 PMCID: PMC8370764 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular T helper cells (Tfh) are a specialized subset of CD4 effector T cells that are crucial for germinal center (GC) reactions and for selecting B cells to undergo affinity maturation. Despite this central role for humoral immunity, only few data exist about their clonal distribution when multiple lymphoid organs are exposed to the same antigen (Ag) as it is the case in autoimmunity. Here, we used an autoantibody-mediated disease model of the skin and injected one auto-Ag into the two footpads of the same mouse and analyzed the T cell receptor (TCR)β sequences of Tfh located in GCs of both contralateral draining lymph nodes. We found that over 90% of the dominant GC-Tfh clonotypes were shared in both lymph nodes but only transiently. The initially dominant Tfh clonotypes especially declined after establishment of chronic disease while GC reaction and autoimmune disease continued. Our data demonstrates a dynamic behavior of Tfh clonotypes under autoimmune conditions and emphasizes the importance of the time point for distinguishing auto-Ag-specific Tfh clonotypes from potential bystander activated ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Niebuhr
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Julia Belde
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anke Fähnrich
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Arnauld Serge
- Laboratoire Adhésion et Inflammation, Inserm U1067 CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Magali Irla
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy (CIML), INSERM U1104, Aix-Marseille Université UM2, Marseille, France
| | - Christoph T Ellebrecht
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Christoph M Hammers
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katja Bieber
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Kathrin Kalies
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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6
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Collin R, Lombard-Vadnais F, Hillhouse EE, Lebel MÈ, Chabot-Roy G, Melichar HJ, Lesage S. MHC-Independent Thymic Selection of CD4 and CD8 Coreceptor Negative αβ T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:133-142. [PMID: 32434937 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly clear that unconventional T cell subsets, such as NKT, γδ T, mucosal-associated invariant T, and CD8αα T cells, each play distinct roles in the immune response. Subsets of these cell types can lack both CD4 and CD8 coreceptor expression. Beyond these known subsets, we identify CD4-CD8-TCRαβ+, double-negative (DN) T cells, in mouse secondary lymphoid organs. DN T cells are a unique unconventional thymic-derived T cell subset. In contrast to CD5high DN thymocytes that preferentially yield TCRαβ+ CD8αα intestinal lymphocytes, we find that mature CD5low DN thymocytes are precursors to peripheral DN T cells. Using reporter mouse strains, we show that DN T cells transit through the immature CD4+CD8+ (double-positive) thymocyte stage. Moreover, we provide evidence that DN T cells can differentiate in MHC-deficient mice. Our study demonstrates that MHC-independent thymic selection can yield DN T cells that are distinct from NKT, γδ T, mucosal-associated invariant T, and CD8αα T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne Collin
- Immunology-Oncology Section, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Félix Lombard-Vadnais
- Immunology-Oncology Section, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada; and
| | - Erin E Hillhouse
- Immunology-Oncology Section, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Lebel
- Immunology-Oncology Section, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Geneviève Chabot-Roy
- Immunology-Oncology Section, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Heather J Melichar
- Immunology-Oncology Section, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Sylvie Lesage
- Immunology-Oncology Section, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada; .,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
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7
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Li KP, Ladle BH, Kurtulus S, Sholl A, Shanmuganad S, Hildeman DA. T-cell receptor signal strength and epigenetic control of Bim predict memory CD8 + T-cell fate. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:1214-1224. [PMID: 31558776 PMCID: PMC7206134 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0410-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Most effector CD8+ T cells die, while some persist and become either "effector" (TEM) or "central" (TCM) memory T cells. Paradoxically, effector CD8+ T cells with greater memory potential have higher levels of the pro-apoptotic molecule Bim. Here, we report, using a novel Bim-mCherry knock-in mouse, that cells with high levels of Bim preferentially develop into TCM cells. Bim levels remained stable and were regulated by DNA methylation at the Bim promoter. Notably, high levels of Bcl-2 were required for Bimhi cells to survive. Using Nur77-GFP mice as an indicator of TCR signal strength, Nur77 levels correlated with Bim expression and Nur77hi cells also selectively developed into TCM cells. Altogether, these data show that Bim levels and TCR signal strength are predictive of TEM- vs. TCM-cell fate. Further, given the many other biologic functions of Bim, these mice will have broad utility beyond CD8+ T-cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Po Li
- Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Brian H Ladle
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1800 Orleans Street, The Charlotte R. Bloomberg Children's Center Building, 11th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Sema Kurtulus
- Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Allyson Sholl
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Sharmila Shanmuganad
- Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - David A Hildeman
- Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
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8
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Hojo MA, Masuda K, Hojo H, Nagahata Y, Yasuda K, Ohara D, Takeuchi Y, Hirota K, Suzuki Y, Kawamoto H, Kawaoka S. Identification of a genomic enhancer that enforces proper apoptosis induction in thymic negative selection. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2603. [PMID: 31197149 PMCID: PMC6565714 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10525-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During thymic negative selection, autoreactive thymocytes carrying T cell receptor (TCR) with overtly strong affinity to self-MHC/self-peptide are removed by Bim-dependent apoptosis, but how Bim is specifically regulated to link TCR activation and apoptosis induction is unclear. Here we identify a murine T cell-specific genomic enhancer EBAB (Bub1-Acoxl-Bim), whose deletion leads to accumulation of thymocytes expressing high affinity TCRs. Consistently, EBAB knockout mice have defective negative selection and fail to delete autoreactive thymocytes in various settings, with this defect accompanied by reduced Bim expression and apoptosis induction. By contrast, EBAB is dispensable for maintaining peripheral T cell homeostasis via Bim-dependent pathways. Our data thus implicate EBAB as an important, developmental stage-specific regulator of Bim expression and apoptosis induction to enforce thymic negative selection and suppress autoimmunity. Our study unravels a part of genomic enhancer codes that underlie complex and context-dependent gene regulation in TCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Arai Hojo
- Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan
- The Thomas N. Sato BioMEC-X Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Soraku-gun, Kyoto, 619-0237, Japan
| | - Kyoko Masuda
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hojo
- The Thomas N. Sato BioMEC-X Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Soraku-gun, Kyoto, 619-0237, Japan
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
- ERATO Sato Live Bio-forecasting Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Soraku-gun, Kyoto, 619-0237, Japan
| | - Yosuke Nagahata
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Keiko Yasuda
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Daiya Ohara
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takeuchi
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Keiji Hirota
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawamoto
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shinpei Kawaoka
- The Thomas N. Sato BioMEC-X Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Soraku-gun, Kyoto, 619-0237, Japan.
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
- ERATO Sato Live Bio-forecasting Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Soraku-gun, Kyoto, 619-0237, Japan.
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9
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Spetz J, Presser AG, Sarosiek KA. T Cells and Regulated Cell Death: Kill or Be Killed. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 342:27-71. [PMID: 30635093 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell death plays two major complementary roles in T cell biology: mediating the removal of cells that are targeted by T cells and the removal of T cells themselves. T cells serve as major actors in the adaptive immune response and function by selectively killing cells which are infected or dysfunctional. This feature is highly involved during homeostatic maintenance, and is relied upon and modulated in the context of cancer immunotherapy. The vital recognition and elimination of both autoreactive T cells and cells which are unable to recognize threats is a highly selective and regulated process. Moreover, detection of potential threats will result in the activation and expansion of T cells, which on resolution of the immune response will need to be eliminated. The culling of these T cells can be executed via a multitude of cell death pathways which are used in context-specific manners. Failure of these processes may result in an accumulation of misdirected or dysfunctional T cells, leading to complications such as autoimmunity or cancer. This review will focus on the role of cell death regulation in the maintenance of T cell homeostasis, as well as T cell-mediated elimination of infected or dysfunctional cells, and will summarize and discuss the current knowledge of the cellular mechanisms which are implicated in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Spetz
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Adam G Presser
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kristopher A Sarosiek
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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10
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Non-canonicaly recruited TCRαβCD8αα IELs recognize microbial antigens. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10848. [PMID: 30022086 PMCID: PMC6052027 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In the gut, various subsets of intraepithelial T cells (IELs) respond to self or non-self-antigens derived from the body, diet, commensal and pathogenic microbiota. Dominant subset of IELs in the small intestine are TCRαβCD8αα+ cells, which are derived from immature thymocytes that express self-reactive TCRs. Although most of TCRαβCD8αα+ IELs are thymus-derived, their repertoire adapts to microbial flora. Here, using high throughput TCR sequencing we examined how clonal diversity of TCRαβCD8αα+ IELs changes upon exposure to commensal-derived antigens. We found that fraction of CD8αα+ IELs and CD4+ T cells express identical αβTCRs and this overlap raised parallel to a surge in the diversity of microbial flora. We also found that an opportunistic pathogen (Staphylococcus aureus) isolated from mouse small intestine specifically activated CD8αα+ IELs and CD4+ derived T cell hybridomas suggesting that some of TCRαβCD8αα+ clones with microbial specificities have extrathymic origin. We also report that CD8ααCD4+ IELs and Foxp3CD4+ T cells from the small intestine shared many αβTCRs, regardless whether the later subset was isolated from Foxp3CNS1 sufficient or Foxp3CNS1 deficient mice that lacks peripherally-derived Tregs. Overall, our results imply that repertoire of TCRαβCD8αα+ in small intestine expends in situ in response to changes in microbial flora.
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11
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Textor J, Fähnrich A, Meinhardt M, Tune C, Klein S, Pagel R, König P, Kalies K, Westermann J. Deep Sequencing Reveals Transient Segregation of T Cell Repertoires in Splenic T Cell Zones during an Immune Response. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:350-358. [PMID: 29884700 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunological differences between hosts, such as diverse TCR repertoires, are widely credited for reducing the risk of pathogen spread and adaptation in a population. Within-host immunological diversity might likewise be important for robust pathogen control, but to what extent naive TCR repertoires differ across different locations in the same host is unclear. T cell zones (TCZs) in secondary lymphoid organs provide secluded microenvironmental niches. By harboring distinct TCRs, such niches could enhance within-host immunological diversity. In contrast, rapid T cell migration is expected to dilute such diversity. In this study, we combined tissue microdissection and deep sequencing of the TCR β-chain to examine the extent to which TCR repertoires differ between TCZs in murine spleens. In the absence of Ag, we found little evidence for differences between TCZs of the same spleen. Yet, 3 d after immunization with sheep RBCs, we observed a >10-fold rise in the number of clones that appeared to localize to individual zones. Remarkably, these differences largely disappeared at 4 d after immunization, when hallmarks of an ongoing immune response were still observed. These data suggest that in the absence of Ag, any repertoire differences observed between TCZs of the same host can largely be attributed to random clone distribution. Upon Ag challenge, TCR repertoires in TCZs first segregate and then homogenize within days. Such "transient mosaic" dynamics could be an important barrier for pathogen adaptation and spread during an immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Textor
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; and
| | - Anke Fähnrich
- Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Martin Meinhardt
- Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Cornelia Tune
- Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sebastian Klein
- Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rene Pagel
- Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Peter König
- Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kathrin Kalies
- Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jürgen Westermann
- Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
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12
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Audiger C, Lesage S. BIM determines the number of merocytic dendritic cells, a cell type that breaks immune tolerance. Immunol Cell Biol 2018; 96:1008-1017. [DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Audiger
- Department of Immunology-Oncology; Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital; Montreal QC H1T 2M4 Canada
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie; Université de Montréal; Montreal QC H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Sylvie Lesage
- Department of Immunology-Oncology; Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital; Montreal QC H1T 2M4 Canada
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie; Université de Montréal; Montreal QC H3C 3J7 Canada
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13
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Fähnrich A, Klein S, Sergé A, Nyhoegen C, Kombrink S, Möller S, Keller K, Westermann J, Kalies K. CD154 Costimulation Shifts the Local T-Cell Receptor Repertoire Not Only During Thymic Selection but Also During Peripheral T-Dependent Humoral Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1019. [PMID: 29867987 PMCID: PMC5966529 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CD154 is a transmembrane cytokine expressed transiently on activated CD4 T cells upon T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation that interacts with CD40 on antigen-presenting cells. The signaling via CD154:CD40 is essential for B-cell maturation and germinal center formation and also for the final differentiation of CD4 T cells during T-dependent humoral immune responses. Recent data demonstrate that CD154 is critically involved in the selection of T-cell clones during the negative selection process in the thymus. Whether CD154 signaling influences the TCR repertoire during peripheral T-dependent humoral immune responses has not yet been elucidated. To find out, we used CD154-deficient mice and assessed the global TCRβ repertoire in T-cell zones (TCZ) of spleens by high-throughput sequencing after induction of a Th2 response to the multiepitopic antigen sheep red blood cells. Qualitative and quantitative comparison of the splenic TCZ-specific TCRβ repertoires revealed that CD154 deficiency shifts the distribution of Vβ-Jβ genes after antigen exposure. This data led to the conclusion that costimulation via CD154:CD40 during the interaction of T cells with CD40-matured B cells contributes to the recruitment of T-cell clones into the immune response and thereby shapes the peripheral TCR repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Fähnrich
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Sebastian Klein
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Arnauld Sergé
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM) U1068 INSERM - UMR7258 CNRS - Institut Paoli Calmette, Aix-Marseille University, UM105, Marseille, France
| | | | - Sabrina Kombrink
- Institute of Mathematics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Steffen Möller
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock, Germany
| | - Karsten Keller
- Institute of Mathematics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | | | - Kathrin Kalies
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
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14
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Tsai F, Homan PJ, Agrawal H, Misharin AV, Abdala-Valencia H, Haines GK, Dominguez S, Bloomfield CL, Saber R, Chang A, Mohan C, Hutcheson J, Davidson A, Budinger GRS, Bouillet P, Dorfleutner A, Stehlik C, Winter DR, Cuda CM, Perlman H. Bim suppresses the development of SLE by limiting myeloid inflammatory responses. J Exp Med 2017; 214:3753-3773. [PMID: 29114065 PMCID: PMC5716039 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20170479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tsai et al. demonstrate that loss of Bim (BCL2L11) in myeloid cells in mice (LysMCreBimfl/fl) is sufficient to induce systemic autoimmunity. Kidney macrophages in LysMCreBimfl/fl mice possess a proinflammatory transcriptional signature and signal through TRIF to cause end-stage glomerulonephritis. The Bcl-2 family is considered the guardian of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. We demonstrate that Bim acts as a molecular rheostat by controlling macrophage function not only in lymphoid organs but also in end organs, thereby preventing the break in tolerance. Mice lacking Bim in myeloid cells (LysMCreBimfl/fl) develop a systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)–like disease that mirrors aged Bim−/− mice, including loss of marginal zone macrophages, splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, autoantibodies (including anti-DNA IgG), and a type I interferon signature. LysMCreBimfl/fl mice exhibit increased mortality attributed to glomerulonephritis (GN). Moreover, the toll-like receptor signaling adaptor protein TRIF (TIR-domain–containing adapter-inducing interferon-β) is essential for GN, but not systemic autoimmunity in LysMCreBimfl/fl mice. Bim-deleted kidney macrophages exhibit a novel transcriptional lupus signature that is conserved within the gene expression profiles from whole kidney biopsies of patients with SLE. Collectively, these data suggest that the Bim may be a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- FuNien Tsai
- Division of Rheumatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Philip J Homan
- Division of Rheumatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Alexander V Misharin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Hiam Abdala-Valencia
- Division of Rheumatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - G Kenneth Haines
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Salina Dominguez
- Division of Rheumatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Christina L Bloomfield
- Division of Rheumatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Rana Saber
- Division of Rheumatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Anthony Chang
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Chandra Mohan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | | | - Anne Davidson
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY
| | - G R Scott Budinger
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Philippe Bouillet
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrea Dorfleutner
- Division of Rheumatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Christian Stehlik
- Division of Rheumatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Deborah R Winter
- Division of Rheumatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Carla M Cuda
- Division of Rheumatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Harris Perlman
- Division of Rheumatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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15
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Li KP, Shanmuganad S, Carroll K, Katz JD, Jordan MB, Hildeman DA. Dying to protect: cell death and the control of T-cell homeostasis. Immunol Rev 2017; 277:21-43. [PMID: 28462527 PMCID: PMC5416827 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
T cells play a critical role in immune responses as they specifically recognize peptide/MHC complexes with their T-cell receptors and initiate adaptive immune responses. While T cells are critical for performing appropriate effector functions and maintaining immune memory, they also can cause autoimmunity or neoplasia if misdirected or dysregulated. Thus, T cells must be tightly regulated from their development onward. Maintenance of appropriate T-cell homeostasis is essential to promote protective immunity and limit autoimmunity and neoplasia. This review will focus on the role of cell death in maintenance of T-cell homeostasis and outline novel therapeutic strategies tailored to manipulate cell death to limit T-cell survival (eg, autoimmunity and transplantation) or enhance T-cell survival (eg, vaccination and immune deficiency).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Po Li
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Sharmila Shanmuganad
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Kaitlin Carroll
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Katz
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes Research Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Michael B. Jordan
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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