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Wang Z, Ou Q, Gao L. The increased cfRNA of TNFSF4 in peripheral blood at late gestation and preterm labor: its implication as a noninvasive biomarker for premature delivery. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1154025. [PMID: 37275889 PMCID: PMC10232964 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1154025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Given the important roles of immune tolerance and inflammation in both preterm and term labor, some inflammation-related genes could be related to the initiation of labor, even preterm labor. Inspection of cell-free RNA (cfRNA) engaged in inflammation in maternal blood may represent the varied gestational age and may have significant implications for the development of noninvasive diagnostics for preterm birth. Methods To identify potential biomarkers of preterm birth, we investigated the cfRNA and exosomal miRNA in the peripheral blood of pregnant women at different gestational ages that undergo term labor or preterm labor. 17 inflammatory initiation-related cfRNAs were screened by overlapping with the targets of decreasing miRNAs during gestation and highly expressed cfRNAs at late gestation in maternal blood. To reveal the origins and mechanisms of these screened cfRNAs, the datasets of single-cell RNA sequencing from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of pregnant women, the fetal lung, and the placenta across different gestational ages were analyzed. Results During late gestation, TNFSF4 expression increased exclusively in pro-inflammatory macrophages of maternal blood, whereas its receptor, TNFRSF4, increased expression in T cells from the decidua, which suggested the potential cell-cell communication of maternally-originated pro-inflammatory macrophages with the decidual T cells and contributed to the initiation of labor. Additionally, the cfRNA of TNFSF4 was also increased in preterm labor compared to term labor in the validation cohorts. The EIF2AK2 and TLR4 transcripts were increased in pro-inflammatory macrophages from both fetal lung and placenta but not in those from maternal mononuclear cells at late gestation, suggesting these cfRNAs are possibly derived from fetal tissues exclusively. Moreover, EIF2AK2 and TLR4 transcripts were found highly expressed in the pro-inflammatory macrophages from decidua as well, which suggested these specific fetal-origin macrophages may function at the maternal-fetal interface to stimulate uterine contractions, which have been implicated as the trigger of parturition and preterm labor. Discussion Taken together, our findings not only revealed the potential of peripheral TNFSF4 as a novel cfRNA biomarker for noninvasive testing of preterm labor but further illustrated how maternal and fetal signals coordinately modulate the inflammatory process at the maternal-fetal interface, causing the initiation of term or preterm labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingjian Ou
- Department of Ophthalmology of Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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2
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Stuckel AJ, Khare T, Bissonnette M, Khare S. Aberrant regulation of CXCR4 in cancer via deviant microRNA-targeted interactions. Epigenetics 2022; 17:2318-2331. [PMID: 36047714 PMCID: PMC9665135 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2022.2118947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
CXCR4 is involved in many facets of cancer, including being a major player in establishing metastasis. This is in part due to the deregulation of CXCR4, which can be attributed to many genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, including aberrant microRNA-CXCR4 interaction. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a type of small non-coding RNA that primarily targets the 3' UTR of mRNA transcripts, which in turn suppresses mRNA and subsequent protein expression. In this review, we reported and characterized the many aberrant miRNA-CXCR4 interactions that occur throughout human cancers. In particular, we reported known target sequences located on the 3' UTR of CXCR4 transcripts that tumour suppressor miRNAs bind and therefore regulate expression by. From these aberrant interactions, we also documented affected downstream genes/pathways and whether a particular tumour suppressor miRNA was reported as a prognostic marker in its respected cancer type. In addition, a limited number of cancer-causing miRNAs coined 'oncomirs' were reported and described in relation to CXCR4 regulation. Moreover, the mechanisms underlying both tumour suppressor and oncomir deregulations concerning CXCR4 expression were also explored. Furthermore, the miR-146a-CXCR4 axis was delineated in oncoviral infected endothelial cells in the context of virus-causing cancers. Lastly, miRNA-driven therapies and CXCR4 antagonist drugs were discussed as potential future treatment options in reported cancers pertaining to deregulated miRNA-CXCR4 interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei J. Stuckel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri65212, USA
| | - Tripti Khare
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri65212, USA
| | - Marc Bissonnette
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Il60637, USA
| | - Sharad Khare
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri65212, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri65201, USA
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3
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Zhao Y, Wei K, Chi H, Xia Z, Li X. IL-7: A promising adjuvant ensuring effective T cell responses and memory in combination with cancer vaccines? Front Immunol 2022; 13:1022808. [PMID: 36389666 PMCID: PMC9650235 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1022808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer vaccines exhibit specificity, effectiveness, and safety as an alternative immunotherapeutic strategy to struggle against malignant diseases, especially with the rapid development of mRNA cancer vaccines in recent years. However, how to maintain long-term immune memory after vaccination, especially T cells memory, to fulfill lasting surveillance against cancers, is still a challenging issue for researchers all over the world. IL-7 is critical for the development, maintenance, and proliferation of T lymphocytes, highlighting its potential role as an adjuvant in the development of cancer vaccines. Here, we summarized the IL-7/IL-7 receptor signaling in the development of T lymphocytes, the biological function of IL-7 in the maintenance and survival of T lymphocytes, the performance of IL-7 in pre-clinical and clinical trials of cancer vaccines, and the rationale to apply IL-7 as an adjuvant in cancer vaccine-based therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kongyuan Wei
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hao Chi
- Clinical Medical Collage, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhijia Xia
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Zhijia Xia, ; Xiaosong Li,
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Clinical Molecular Medicine Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhijia Xia, ; Xiaosong Li,
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4
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Li JX, Huang YY, Huang ZM, Cao XJ, Xie LM, Guo XG. Screening of potential hub genes involved in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis infection via bioinformatics analysis. Acta Trop 2022; 236:106645. [PMID: 36063903 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is the most common clinical form of leishmaniasis. Despite its low mortality, CL deserves further attention because its pathogenesis is currently no well-known or well-researched. METHODS We downloaded the gene expression datasets of GSE55664 and GSE63931 with respect to leishmaniasis from the Gene Expression Synthesis (GEO) database. Additionally, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the infection and control groups were identified by packages of R software. The Gene Ontology (GO) function, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) pathway were utilized for the biological functional analysis. Subsequently, we identified the top ten hub genes from protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks based on STRING and Cytoscape software. The hub genes were validated in GraphPad Prism 8.0 using the GSE162760 dataset. Further, CIBERSORT was used to evaluate the immune cell infiltration proportions between the CL infection samples and the control samples based on the GSE43880 and GSE55664 datasets. RESULTS The enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs were significantly involved in cell-mediated immune responses, such as leukocyte cell-cell adhesion and T-cell activation. STAT1, CCR7, CCR2, and CXCL10 were identified as hub genes with statistical significance. These hub genes showed close correlations with various immune cells, such as M1 cells and CD4-activated memory T-cells. CONCLUSIONS In our research, we used bioinformatics analysis to identify some molecular biomarkers and significant pathways in CL infection. These hub genes may provide new options for future diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xin Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, The First Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yuan-Yi Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, The First Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Ze-Min Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xun-Jie Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Li-Min Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xu-Guang Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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5
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Nengroo MA, Khan MA, Verma A, Datta D. Demystifying the CXCR4 conundrum in cancer biology: Beyond the surface signaling paradigm. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188790. [PMID: 36058380 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The oncogenic chemokine duo CXCR4-CXCL12/SDF-1 (C-X-C Receptor 4-C-X-C Ligand 12/ Stromal-derived factor 1) has been the topic of intense scientific disquisitions since Muller et al., in her ground-breaking research, described this axis as a critical determinant of organ-specific metastasis in breast cancer. Elevated CXCR4 levels correlate with distant metastases, poor prognosis, and unfavourable outcomes in most solid tumors. Therapeutic impediment of the axis in clinics with Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved inhibitors like AMD3100 or Plerixafor yield dubious results, contrary to pre-clinical developments. Clinical trials entailing inhibition of CXCR7 (C-X-C Receptor 7), another convicted chemokine receptor that exhibits affinity for CXCL12, reveal outcomes analogous to that of CXCR4-CXCL12 axis blockade. Of note, the cellular CXCR4 knockout phenotype varies largely from that of inhibitor treatments. These shaky findings pique great curiosity to delve further into the realm of this infamous chemokine receptor to provide a probable explanation. A multitude of recent reports suggests the presence of an increased intracellular CXCR4 pool in various cancers, both cytoplasmic and nuclear. This intracellular CXCR4 protein reserve seems active as it correlates with vital tumor attributes, viz. prognosis, aggressiveness, metastasis, and disease-free survival. Diminishing this entire intracellular CXCR4 load apart from the surface signals looks encouraging from a therapeutic point of view. Transcending beyond the classically accepted concept of ligand-mediated surface signaling, this review sheds new light on plausible associations of intracellularly compartmentalised CXCR4 with various aspects of tumorigenesis. Besides, this review also puts forward a comprehensive account of CXCR4 regulation in different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushtaq Ahmad Nengroo
- Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow-226031, India
| | - Muqtada Ali Khan
- Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow-226031, India
| | - Ayushi Verma
- Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow-226031, India
| | - Dipak Datta
- Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow-226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India.
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6
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Meyer A, Parmar PJ, Shahrara S. Significance of IL-7 and IL-7R in RA and autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev 2022; 21:103120. [PMID: 35595051 PMCID: PMC9987213 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
While physiological levels of IL-7 are essential for T cell proliferation, survival and co-stimulation, its escalated concentration has been associated with autoimmune diseases such as Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Expression of IL-7 and IL-7R in RA monocytes is linked to disease activity score and TNF transcription. TNF stimulation can modulate IL-7 secretion and IL-7R frequency in myeloid cells, however, only IL-7R transcription levels are downregulated in anti-TNF responsive patients. Elevated levels of IL-7 in RA synovial tissue and fluid are involved in attracting RA monocytes into the inflammatory joints and remodeling them into proinflammatory macrophages and mature osteoclasts. Further, IL-7 amplification of RA Th1 cell differentiation and IFNγ secretion, can directly prime myeloid IL-7R expression and thereby exacerbate IL-7-mediated joint inflammatory and erosive imprints. In parallel, IL-7 accentuates joint angiogenesis by expanding the production of proangiogenic factors from RA macrophages and endothelial cells. In preclinical models, blockade of IL-7 or IL-7R can effectively impair joint inflammation, osteoclast formation, and neovascularization primarily by impeding monocyte and endothelial cell infiltration as well as inhibition of pro-inflammatory macrophage and Th1/Th17 cell differentiation. In conclusion, disruption of IL-7/IL-7R signaling can uniquely intercept the crosstalk between RA myeloid and lymphoid cells in their ability to trigger neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Meyer
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, the University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Prashant J Parmar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, the University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shiva Shahrara
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, the University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA.
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7
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Wilfong EM, Bartkowiak T, Vowell KN, Westlake CS, Irish JM, Kendall PL, Crofford LJ, Bonami RH. High-Dimensional Analysis Reveals Distinct Endotypes in Patients With Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies. Front Immunol 2022; 13:756018. [PMID: 35371068 PMCID: PMC8964392 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.756018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are a rare clinically heterogeneous group of conditions affecting the skin, muscle, joint, and lung in various combinations. While myositis specific autoantibodies are well described, we postulate that broader immune endotypes exist in IIM spanning B cell, T cell, and monocyte compartments. This study aims to identify immune endotypes through detailed immunophenotyping of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in IIM patients compared to healthy controls. We collected PBMCs from 17 patients with a clinical diagnosis of inflammatory myositis and characterized the B, T, and myeloid cell subsets using mass cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF). Data were analyzed using a combination of the dimensionality reduction algorithm t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE), cluster identification, characterization, and regression (CITRUS), and marker enrichment modeling (MEM); supervised biaxial gating validated populations identified by these methods to be differentially abundant between groups. Using these approaches, we identified shared immunologic features across all IIM patients, despite different clinical features, as well as two distinct immune endotypes. All IIM patients had decreased surface expression of RP105/CD180 on B cells and a reduction in circulating CD3+CXCR3+ subsets relative to healthy controls. One IIM endotype featured CXCR4 upregulation across all cellular compartments. The second endotype was hallmarked by an increased frequency of CD19+CD21loCD11c+ and CD3+CD4+PD1+ subsets. The experimental and analytical methods we describe here are broadly applicable to studying other immune-mediated diseases (e.g., autoimmunity, immunodeficiency) or protective immune responses (e.g., infection, vaccination).
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Wilfong
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Human Immunology Discovery Initiative and Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Todd Bartkowiak
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Katherine N Vowell
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Camille S Westlake
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jonathan M Irish
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Human Immunology Discovery Initiative and Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Deparment of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Peggy L Kendall
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Deparment of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Leslie J Crofford
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Human Immunology Discovery Initiative and Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Deparment of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Rachel H Bonami
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Human Immunology Discovery Initiative and Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Deparment of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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8
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Huang J, Long Z, Jia R, Wang M, Zhu D, Liu M, Chen S, Zhao X, Yang Q, Wu Y, Zhang S, Tian B, Mao S, Ou X, Sun D, Gao Q, Cheng A. The Broad Immunomodulatory Effects of IL-7 and Its Application In Vaccines. Front Immunol 2021; 12:680442. [PMID: 34956167 PMCID: PMC8702497 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.680442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is produced by stromal cells, keratinocytes, and epithelial cells in host tissues or tumors and exerts a wide range of immune effects mediated by the IL-7 receptor (IL-7R). IL-7 is primarily involved in regulating the development of B cells, T cells, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells via the JAK-STAT, PI3K-Akt, and MAPK pathways. This cytokine participates in the early generation of lymphocyte subsets and maintain the survival of all lymphocyte subsets; in particular, IL-7 is essential for orchestrating the rearrangement of immunoglobulin genes and T-cell receptor genes in precursor B and T cells, respectively. In addition, IL-7 can aid the activation of immune cells in anti-virus and anti-tumor immunity and plays important roles in the restoration of immune function. These biological functions of IL-7 make it an important molecular adjuvant to improve vaccine efficacy as it can promote and extend systemic immune responses against pathogens by prolonging lymphocyte survival, enhancing effector cell activity, and increasing antigen-specific memory cell production. This review focuses on the biological function and mechanism of IL-7 and summarizes its contribution towards improved vaccine efficacy. We hope to provide a thorough overview of this cytokine and provide strategies for the development of the future vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Huang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiyao Long
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Tian
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sai Mao
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xumin Ou
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Di Sun
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qun Gao
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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9
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Glucocorticoid circadian rhythms in immune function. Semin Immunopathol 2021; 44:153-163. [PMID: 34580744 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-021-00889-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Adrenal glucocorticoid (GC) hormones are important regulators of energy metabolism, brain functions, and the immune system. Their release follows robust diurnal rhythms and GCs themselves serve as entrainment signals for circadian clocks in various tissues. In the clinics, synthetic GC analogues are widely used as immunosuppressive drugs. GC inhibitory effects on the immune system are well documented and include suppression of cytokines and increased immune cell death. However, the circadian dynamics of GC action are often neglected. Synthetic GC medications fail to mimic complex GC natural rhythms. Several recent publications have shown that endogenous GCs and their daily concentration rhythms prepare the immune system to face anticipated environmental threats. That includes migration patterns that direct specific cell population to organs and tissues best exemplified by the rhythmic expression of chemoattractants and their receptors. On the other hand, chronotherapeutic approaches may benefit the treatment of immunological diseases such as asthma. In this review, we summarise our current knowledge on the circadian regulation of GCs, their role in innate and adaptive immune functions and the implications for the clinics.
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Tumor-Associated Macrophage Promotes the Survival of Cancer Cells upon Docetaxel Chemotherapy via the CSF1/CSF1R-CXCL12/CXCR4 Axis in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050773. [PMID: 34069563 PMCID: PMC8161256 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is an advanced stage of prostate cancer that can progress rapidly even in patients treated with castration. Previously, we found that tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) can be recruited by CSF-1 secreted by docetaxel-treated prostate cancer cells and promote the survival of cancer cells in response to chemotherapy. The inhibition of CSF-1R can impede this effect and significantly prolong survival in xenograft mice. However, the actual mechanism of how TAM improves cancer cell survival still remains elusive and controversial. Here, for the first time, we found that the enhanced survival of cancer cells achieved by TAM was mainly mediated by CXCR4 activation from the increased secretion of CXCL12 from CSF-1 activated TAM. This finding helps to clarify the mechanism of chemoresistance for second-line chemotherapy using docetaxel, facilitating the development of novel drugs to overcome immune tolerance in castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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11
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Alvarez-Fernández C, Escribà-Garcia L, Caballero AC, Escudero-López E, Ujaldón-Miró C, Montserrat-Torres R, Pujol-Fernández P, Sierra J, Briones J. Memory stem T cells modified with a redesigned CD30-chimeric antigen receptor show an enhanced antitumor effect in Hodgkin lymphoma. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1268. [PMID: 33968404 PMCID: PMC8082716 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with mature T cells modified with a chimeric antigen receptor has demonstrated improved outcome for B‐cell malignancies. However, its application for others such as Hodgkin lymphoma remains a clinical challenge. CD30 antigen, expressed in Hodgkin lymphoma cells, is absent in most healthy tissues, representing an ideal target of ACT for this disease. Despite that, efficacy of CD30‐chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells for Hodgkin lymphoma remains modest. Here, we have developed and tested a novel CD30‐CAR T to improve efficacy of CD30‐CAR therapy, using a targeting epitope within the non‐cleavable part of CD30 receptor, and memory stem T cells (TSCM) to improve engraftment, persistence and antitumor activity. Methods TSCM‐like cultures were generated and expanded ex vivo and transduced at day 1 or 2 with a lentiviral vector encoding the CD30‐CAR. Therapeutic in vivo experiments were performed using NSG mice injected with L540 (sc) or L428 (iv) and treated with CD30‐CAR T cells when the tumor was established. Results CD30‐CAR TSCM‐like cells generated and expanded ex vivo, despite CD30 expression and fratricide killing of CD30+ CAR T cells, were not impaired by soluble CD30 and completely eradicated Hodgkin lymphoma in vivo, showing high persistence and long‐lasting immunity. In addition, highly enriched CD30‐CAR TSCM‐like products confer a survival advantage in vivo, in contrast to more differentiated CAR T cells, with higher tumor infiltration and enhanced antitumor effect. Conclusion This study supports the use of a refined CD30‐CAR T cells with highly enriched TSCM‐like products to improve clinical efficacy of CAR T for Hodgkin lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Alvarez-Fernández
- Hematology Service Hospital de la Santa Creu y Sant Pau Barcelona Spain.,Laboratory of Experimental Hematology-IIB Institut Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu y Sant Pau Barcelona Spain.,José Carreras Leukemia Research Institute Barcelona Spain
| | - Laura Escribà-Garcia
- Hematology Service Hospital de la Santa Creu y Sant Pau Barcelona Spain.,Laboratory of Experimental Hematology-IIB Institut Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu y Sant Pau Barcelona Spain.,José Carreras Leukemia Research Institute Barcelona Spain
| | - A C Caballero
- Hematology Service Hospital de la Santa Creu y Sant Pau Barcelona Spain.,Laboratory of Experimental Hematology-IIB Institut Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu y Sant Pau Barcelona Spain.,José Carreras Leukemia Research Institute Barcelona Spain.,Autonomous University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Eva Escudero-López
- Hematology Service Hospital de la Santa Creu y Sant Pau Barcelona Spain.,Laboratory of Experimental Hematology-IIB Institut Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu y Sant Pau Barcelona Spain.,José Carreras Leukemia Research Institute Barcelona Spain.,Autonomous University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Cristina Ujaldón-Miró
- Hematology Service Hospital de la Santa Creu y Sant Pau Barcelona Spain.,Laboratory of Experimental Hematology-IIB Institut Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu y Sant Pau Barcelona Spain.,José Carreras Leukemia Research Institute Barcelona Spain.,Autonomous University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Rosanna Montserrat-Torres
- Hematology Service Hospital de la Santa Creu y Sant Pau Barcelona Spain.,Laboratory of Experimental Hematology-IIB Institut Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu y Sant Pau Barcelona Spain.,José Carreras Leukemia Research Institute Barcelona Spain
| | - Paula Pujol-Fernández
- Hematology Service Hospital de la Santa Creu y Sant Pau Barcelona Spain.,Laboratory of Experimental Hematology-IIB Institut Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu y Sant Pau Barcelona Spain.,José Carreras Leukemia Research Institute Barcelona Spain
| | - Jorge Sierra
- Hematology Service Hospital de la Santa Creu y Sant Pau Barcelona Spain.,José Carreras Leukemia Research Institute Barcelona Spain.,Autonomous University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Javier Briones
- Hematology Service Hospital de la Santa Creu y Sant Pau Barcelona Spain.,Laboratory of Experimental Hematology-IIB Institut Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu y Sant Pau Barcelona Spain.,José Carreras Leukemia Research Institute Barcelona Spain.,Autonomous University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
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12
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Nakai A, Leach S, Suzuki K. Control of immune cell trafficking through inter-organ communication. Int Immunol 2021; 33:327-335. [PMID: 33751050 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is a cardinal feature of the immune system. Immune cell trafficking is orchestrated principally by chemokines and adhesion molecules, which guide the cells to the right place and at the right time to efficiently induce immune responses. Recent studies have demonstrated that signals from other organ systems influence the expression of and responsiveness to these guidance cues and consequentially immune cell migration. Neuronal inputs control entry and exit of immune cells to and from lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues. The circadian clock helps establish diurnal variations in immune cell distribution among tissues. Nutritional status also alters immune cell homing to the bone marrow. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about inter-organ control of immune cell trafficking and discuss the physiological and pathological significance of these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Nakai
- Laboratory of Immune Response Dynamics, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Immune Response Dynamics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sarah Leach
- Laboratory of Immune Response Dynamics, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Suzuki
- Laboratory of Immune Response Dynamics, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Immune Response Dynamics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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13
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Shimba A, Ikuta K. Control of immunity by glucocorticoids in health and disease. Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42:669-680. [PMID: 33219395 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00827-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Animals receive environmental stimuli from neural signals in order to produce hormones that control immune responses. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are a group of steroid hormones produced in the adrenal cortex and well-known mediators for the nervous and immune systems. GC secretion is induced by circadian rhythm and stress, and plasma GC levels are high at the active phase of animals and under stress condition. Clinically, GCs are used for allergies, autoimmunity, and chronic inflammation, because they have strong anti-inflammatory effects and induce the apoptosis of lymphocytes. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) acts as a transcription factor and represses the expression of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and prostaglandins by binding to its motif, glucocorticoid-response element, or to other transcription factors. In mice, GR suppresses the antigen-stimulated inflammation mediated by macrophages, dendritic cells, and epithelial cells, and impairs cytotoxic immune responses by downregulating interferon-γ production and inhibiting the development of type-1 helper T cells, CD8+ T cells, and natural killer cells. These immune inhibitory effects prevent lethality by excessive inflammation, but at the same time increase the susceptibility to infection and cancer. GCs can also activate the immune system. The circadian cycle of GC secretion controls the diurnal oscillations of the distribution and response of T cells, thus supporting T cell maintenance and effective immune protection against infection. Moreover, several reports have shown that GR has the potential to enhance the activities of Th2, Th17, and immunoglobulin-producing B cells. Stress has two different effects on immune responses: immune suppression to cause mortality by infection and cancer, and excessive immune activation to induce chronic inflammation and autoimmune disease. Consistently, stress-induced GCs strongly suppress cell-mediated immunity and cause viral infection and tumor development. They may also enhance the development of pathogenic helper T cells and cause tissue damage through neural and intestinal inflammation. Past studies have reported the positive and negative effects of GCs on the immune system. These opposing properties of GCs may regulate the immune balance between the responsiveness to antigens and excessive inflammation in steady-state and stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Shimba
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Koichi Ikuta
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
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14
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Shimba A, Ikuta K. Immune-enhancing effects of glucocorticoids in response to day-night cycles and stress. Int Immunol 2020; 32:703-708. [PMID: 32710629 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxaa048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental cues such as the day-night cycle or stressors trigger the production of glucocorticoids (GCs) by the adrenal cortex. GCs are well known for their anti-inflammatory effects that suppress the production of inflammatory cytokines and induce the apoptosis of lymphocytes. Recent studies in mice, however, have revealed pro-inflammatory effects. The diurnal oscillation of GCs induces the expression of IL-7 receptor α (IL-7Rα) and C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) at the active phase, which drives the diurnal homing of T cells into lymphoid organs. This accumulation of T cells at the active phase enhances T-cell priming against bacterial infection and antigen immunization, leading to an increase of effector CD8 T cells and antibody production. GCs induced by moderate stress trigger the homing of memory CD8 T cells into the bone marrow and support the maintenance and response of these cells. Thus, endogenous GCs have a self-defense function to enhance adaptive immune responses. By contrast, strong stress induces even higher GC levels and causes chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. Because GCs can enhance the differentiation and function of T-helper 2 (Th2) and Th17 cells, high stress-induced GC levels might enhance inflammation via Th17 cell differentiation. Overall, the positive and negative effects of GCs may regulate the balance between normal immune responses and susceptibility to infections and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Shimba
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.,Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Ikuta
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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15
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Shimba A, Ikuta K. Glucocorticoids Regulate Circadian Rhythm of Innate and Adaptive Immunity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2143. [PMID: 33072078 PMCID: PMC7533542 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals have evolved circadian rhythms to adapt to the 24-h day-night cycle. Circadian rhythms are controlled by molecular clocks in the brain and periphery, which is driven by clock genes. The circadian rhythm is propagated from the brain to the periphery by nerves and hormones. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are a class of steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex under the control of the circadian rhythm and the stress. GCs have both positive and negative effects on the immune system. Indeed, they are well known for their strong anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. Endogenous GCs inhibit the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines at the active phase of mice, regulating the circadian rhythm of tissue inflammation. In addition, GCs induce the rhythmic expression of IL-7R and CXCR4 on T cells, which supports T cell maintenance and homing to lymphoid tissues. Clock genes and adrenergic neural activity control the T cell migration and immune response. Taken together, circadian factors shape the diurnal oscillation of innate and adaptive immunity. Among them, GCs participate in the circadian rhythm of innate and adaptive immunity by positive and negative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Shimba
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Ikuta
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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16
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Urosevic J, Blasco MT, Llorente A, Bellmunt A, Berenguer-Llergo A, Guiu M, Cañellas A, Fernandez E, Burkov I, Clapés M, Cartanà M, Figueras-Puig C, Batlle E, Nebreda AR, Gomis RR. ERK1/2 Signaling Induces Upregulation of ANGPT2 and CXCR4 to Mediate Liver Metastasis in Colon Cancer. Cancer Res 2020; 80:4668-4680. [PMID: 32816905 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-4028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Carcinoma development in colorectal cancer is driven by genetic alterations in numerous signaling pathways. Alterations in the RAS-ERK1/2 pathway are associated with the shortest overall survival for patients after diagnosis of colorectal cancer metastatic disease, yet how RAS-ERK signaling regulates colorectal cancer metastasis remains unknown. In this study, we used an unbiased screening approach based on selection of highly liver metastatic colorectal cancer cells in vivo to determine genes associated with metastasis. From this, an ERK1/2-controlled metastatic gene set (EMGS) was defined. EMGS was associated with increased recurrence and reduced survival in patients with colorectal cancer tumors. Higher levels of EMGS expression were detected in the colorectal cancer subsets consensus molecular subtype (CMS)1 and CMS4. ANGPT2 and CXCR4, two genes within the EMGS, were subjected to gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies in several colorectal cancer cell lines and then tested in clinical samples. The RAS-ERK1/2 axis controlled expression of the cytokine ANGPT2 and the cytokine receptor CXCR4 in colorectal cancer cells, which facilitated development of liver but not lung metastases, suggesting that ANGPT2 and CXCR4 are important for metastatic outgrowth in the liver. CXCR4 controlled the expression of cytokines IL10 and CXCL1, providing evidence for a causal role of IL10 in supporting liver colonization. In summary, these studies demonstrate that amplification of ERK1/2 signaling in KRAS-mutated colorectal cancer cells affects the cytokine milieu of the tumors, possibly affecting tumor-stroma interactions and favoring liver metastasis formation. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings identify amplified ERK1/2 signaling in KRAS-mutated colorectal cancer cells as a driver of tumor-stroma interactions that favor formation of metastases in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Urosevic
- Cancer Science Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERONC, Spain
| | - María Teresa Blasco
- Cancer Science Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERONC, Spain
| | - Alicia Llorente
- Cancer Science Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Bellmunt
- Cancer Science Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Berenguer-Llergo
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Guiu
- Cancer Science Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrià Cañellas
- Cancer Science Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERONC, Spain
| | - Esther Fernandez
- Cancer Science Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ivan Burkov
- Cancer Science Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Clapés
- Cancer Science Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Cartanà
- Cancer Science Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Figueras-Puig
- Cancer Science Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Batlle
- Cancer Science Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERONC, Spain.,ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel R Nebreda
- Cancer Science Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger R Gomis
- Cancer Science Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain. .,CIBERONC, Spain.,ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain.,School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Zhang C, Jin H, Wang Y, Li C, Zhao X, Li Y, Shi W, Tian Y, Xu H, Tian D, Liu K, Jia J, Sun G, Zhang D. Critical role of OX40 in drug-induced acute liver injury. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:3183-3196. [PMID: 32133635 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The innate and adaptive immune systems both play important roles in drug-induced liver injury (DILI). However, the crosstalk between the innate and adaptive immunity in DILI is largely unknown. Extensive crosstalk is likely mandated by co-stimulatory interactions between these immune systems. OX40 is a co-stimulatory molecule, but whether it regulates the intrahepatic immune response in DILI remains unknown. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Acute liver injury was induced by paracetamol (acetaminophen), carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ), and d-galactosamine/LPS (GalN/LPS) in wild-type (WT) and Ox40 knockout (KO) mice, and disease progress was compared. KEY RESULTS Plasma OX40 levels were significantly increased and were augmented in intrahepatic CD4+ T cells after paracetamol, CCl4 , or GalN/LPS administration. Liver injury in Ox40-deficient mice was attenuated compared with that in WT mice. Compared with WT mice, hepatic infiltration of Th1 and Th17 cells and macrophages in Ox40 KO mice was reduced. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of Ox40 KO-CD4+ T cells to Rag1-/- mice resulted in alleviated liver injury compared with WT-CD4+ T-cell transfer, with reduced liver infiltration of macrophages and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. Moreover, OX40/Fc stimulation in vitro revealed that soluble OX40 enhanced the biological function of murine macrophages, including up-regulation of genes associated with inflammation and tissue infiltration. Finally, soluble OX40 levels were significantly elevated in DILI patients compared with healthy controls. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS OX40 is a key molecule that promotes both pro-inflammatory macrophage and CD4+ T-cell function, exacerbating paracetamol-induced liver injury. OX40 could serve as a diagnostic index and therapeutic target of DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunpan Zhang
- General Surgery Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Jin
- General Surgery Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Immunology Research Center, Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Changying Li
- General Surgery Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Immunology Research Center, Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyan Zhao
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanmeng Li
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Shi
- General Surgery Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Immunology Research Center, Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Tian
- General Surgery Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Immunology Research Center, Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hufeng Xu
- General Surgery Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Immunology Research Center, Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Tian
- General Surgery Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Immunology Research Center, Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Liu
- General Surgery Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Immunology Research Center, Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jidong Jia
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyong Sun
- General Surgery Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Immunology Research Center, Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- General Surgery Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Immunology Research Center, Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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18
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Najjar E, Staun-Ram E, Volkowich A, Miller A. Dimethyl fumarate promotes B cell-mediated anti-inflammatory cytokine profile in B and T cells, and inhibits immune cell migration in patients with MS. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 343:577230. [PMID: 32247228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dimethyl Fumarate (DMF), known for its mechanism of action targeting Nrf2 and related redox homeostasis, is an approved immunotherapy for patients with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS) in the relapsing form. We assessed how DMF modulates immune cell functions, namely the cytokine profile of co-cultured B and T cells, and the chemokine-mediated migration of immune cells. Following DMF therapy, LTα+, TNFα+ and IFNγ+ B cells were reduced while TGFβ and IL10 expression elevated. B cells from DMF-treated patients increased TGFβ and LTα expression on T cells, while DMF directly reduced TNFα+ and IFNγ+ T cells. CXCL12/CXCL13-mediated migration of B cells, Monocytes, CD4 and CD8 T cells was reduced, with altered CXCR5 and CXCR4 expression. Induction of regulatory B and T cells and reduced migration of immune cells may be part of the beneficial mechanism of DMF in PwMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiman Najjar
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Elsebeth Staun-Ram
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Neuroimmunology Unit & Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Anat Volkowich
- Neuroimmunology Unit & Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ariel Miller
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Neuroimmunology Unit & Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.
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19
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Hanieh H, Masuda K, Metwally H, Chalise JP, Mohamed M, Nyati KK, Standley DM, Li S, Higa M, Zaman MM, Kishimoto T. Arid5a stabilizes OX40 mRNA in murine CD4 + T cells by recognizing a stem-loop structure in its 3'UTR. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:593-604. [PMID: 29244194 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201747109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 5a (Arid5a) is an RNA-binding protein (RBP) required for autoimmunity via stabilization of interleukin-6 (Il6) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) mRNAs. However, the roles of Arid5a in Th17 cells and its association with autoimmunity remain unknown. Here, we show that the levels of Arid5a and OX40 are correlated in CD4+ T cells under Th17 conditions in an IL-6-dependent manner. Lack of Arid5a in T cells reduced OX40 expression levels and repressed IL-17 production in response to OX40 ligation. Arid5a stabilized OX40 mRNA by recognizing the alternative decay element (ADE)-like stem-loop (SL) in the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR). Interestingly, Arid5a impaired the RNA-destabilizing functions of Regnase-1 and Roquin-1 on OX40 ADE-like SL. In EAE, Arid5a-deficient mice exhibited resistance to EAE, with reduced OX40 expression in CD4+ T cells, and the number of CD4+ CD45+ T cells was decreased in CNS. Furthermore, ameliorated EAE was induced by adoptive transfer of Arid5a-/- encephalitogenic CD4+ T cells expressing less OX40 mRNA and producing less IL-17. In conclusion, our findings indicate that the Arid5a/OX40 axis in CD4+ T cells may have important implications in pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Hanieh
- Physiology Laboratory, Biological Sciences Department, King Faisal University, 31982, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia.,Laboratory of Immune Regulation, World Premier International-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuya Masuda
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, World Premier International-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hozaifa Metwally
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, World Premier International-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jaya P Chalise
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, World Premier International-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Maged Mohamed
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, King Faisal University, 31982, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia.,Pharmacognosy Department, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Kishan K Nyati
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, World Premier International-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daron M Standley
- Laboratory of System Immunology, World Premier International-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Songling Li
- Laboratory of System Immunology, World Premier International-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Higa
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, World Premier International-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mohammad M Zaman
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, World Premier International-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tadamitsu Kishimoto
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, World Premier International-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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20
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Glucocorticoids Drive Diurnal Oscillations in T Cell Distribution and Responses by Inducing Interleukin-7 Receptor and CXCR4. Immunity 2018; 48:286-298.e6. [PMID: 29396162 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones with strong anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects that are produced in a diurnal fashion. Although glucocorticoids have the potential to induce interleukin-7 receptor (IL-7R) expression in T cells, whether they control T cell homeostasis and responses at physiological concentrations remains unclear. We found that glucocorticoid receptor signaling induces IL-7R expression in mouse T cells by binding to an enhancer of the IL-7Rα locus, with a peak at midnight and a trough at midday. This diurnal induction of IL-7R supported the survival of T cells and their redistribution between lymph nodes, spleen, and blood by controlling expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4. In mice, T cell accumulation in the spleen at night enhanced immune responses against soluble antigens and systemic bacterial infection. Our results reveal the immunoenhancing role of glucocorticoids in adaptive immunity and provide insight into how immune function is regulated by the diurnal rhythm.
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21
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Ramonell KM, Zhang W, Hadley A, Chen CW, Fay KT, Lyons JD, Klingensmith NJ, McConnell KW, Coopersmith CM, Ford ML. CXCR4 blockade decreases CD4+ T cell exhaustion and improves survival in a murine model of polymicrobial sepsis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188882. [PMID: 29232699 PMCID: PMC5726761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a dysregulated systemic response to infection involving many inflammatory pathways and the induction of counter-regulatory anti-inflammatory processes that results in a state of immune incompetence and can lead to multi-organ failure. CXCR4 is a chemokine receptor that, following ligation by CXCL12, directs cells to bone marrow niches and also plays an important role in T cell cosignaling and formation of the immunological synapse. Here, we investigated the expression and function of CXCR4 in a murine model of polymicrobial sepsis. Results indicate that CXCR4 is selectively upregulated on naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and CD4+ central memory T cells following the induction of sepsis, and that CXCR4 antagonism resulted in a significant decrease in sepsis-induced mortality. We probed the mechanistic basis for these findings and found that CXCR4 antagonism significantly increased the number of peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T cells following sepsis. Moreover, mice treated with the CXCR4 antagonist contained fewer PD-1+ LAG-3+ 2B4+ cells, suggesting that blockade of CXCR4 mitigates CD4+ T cell exhaustion during sepsis. Taken together, these results characterize CXCR4 as an important pathway that modulates immune dysfunction and mortality following sepsis, which may hold promise as a target for future therapeutic intervention in septic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M Ramonell
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Wenxiao Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Annette Hadley
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ching-Wen Chen
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Katherine T Fay
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - John D Lyons
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Nathan J Klingensmith
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kevin W McConnell
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Craig M Coopersmith
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.,Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mandy L Ford
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.,Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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22
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Abstract
The tumour necrosis factor receptor OX40 (CD134) is activated by its cognate ligand OX40L (CD134L, CD252) and functions as a T cell co-stimulatory molecule. OX40-OX40L interactions have been proposed as a potential therapeutic target for treating autoimmunity. OX40 is expressed on activated T cells, and in the mouse at rest on regulatory T cells (Treg). OX40L is found on antigen-presenting cells, activated T cells and others including lymphoid tissue inducer cells, some endothelia and mast cells. Expression of both molecules is increased after antigen presentation occurs and also in response to multiple other pro-inflammatory factors including CD28 ligation, CD40L ligation and interferon-gamma signaling. Their interactions promote T cell survival, promote an effector T cell phenotype, promote T cell memory, tend to reduce regulatory function, increase effector cytokine production and enhance cell mobility. In some circumstances, OX40 agonism may be associated with increased tolerance, although timing with respect to antigenic stimulus is important. Further, recent work has suggested that OX40L blockade may be more effective than OX40 blockade in reducing autoimmunity. This article reviews the expression of OX40 and OX40L in health, the effects of their interactions and insights from their under- or over-expression. We then review OX40 and OX40L expression in human autoimmune disease, identified associations of variations in their genes (TNFRSF4 and TNFSF4, respectively) with autoimmunity, and data from animal models of human diseases. A rationale for blocking OX40-OX40L interaction in human autoimmunity is then presented along with commentary on the one trial of OX40L blockade in human disease conducted to date. Finally, we discuss potential problems with clinical use of OX40-OX40L directed pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwilym J Webb
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, B15 2TT, UK. .,National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Gideon M Hirschfield
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Peter J L Lane
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, B15 2TT, UK
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23
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Nandy SB, Lakshmanaswamy R. Cancer Stem Cells and Metastasis. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 151:137-176. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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24
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Fernando R, Atkins SJ, Smith TJ. Intersection of Chemokine and TSH Receptor Pathways in Human Fibrocytes: Emergence of CXCL-12/CXCR4 Cross Talk Potentially Relevant to Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy. Endocrinology 2016; 157:3779-3787. [PMID: 27471912 PMCID: PMC5045511 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Fibrocytes are monocyte progenitor cells that have been implicated in normal and pathological tissue remodeling. Among the prominent chemokine receptors expressed by these cells is CXC motif receptor 4 (CXCR4), which, with its cognate ligand CXCL motif ligand 12 (CXCL-12), directs fibrocytes to sites of fibrosis. Fibrocytes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, the ocular manifestation of Graves' disease (GD), by virtue of their unique accumulation as CD34+ orbital fibroblasts (OFs). Fibrocytes also express high levels of functional TSH receptor (TSHR). Here, we determined CXCL-12 and CXCR4 expression in fibrocytes and GD-OF and whether that pathway interacts with TSHR. CXCL-12 is highly expressed in GD-OF, whereas CXCR4 levels are dramatically higher in fibrocytes. Levels of these proteins are differentially regulated by TSH in a cell type-specific manner. Further, CXCL-12 enhances the induction by TSH of IL-6 in fibrocytes but attenuates this induction in GD-OF. In contrast, in pure CD34+ OF, the interplay between TSH and CXCL-12 reverts to that observed in fibrocytes. Our results indicate that CXCL-12 enhances TSH actions in fibrocytes but inhibits them in GD-OF, a dichotomy imposed by factors emanating from CD34- OF. They also suggest a potentially important modulatory role for CD34- OF in determining the factors that influence pathological TSHR signaling in the TAO orbit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshini Fernando
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
| | - Stephen J Atkins
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
| | - Terry J Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
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25
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Immunophenotyping of rheumatoid arthritis reveals a linkage between HLA-DRB1 genotype, CXCR4 expression on memory CD4(+) T cells, and disease activity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29338. [PMID: 27385284 PMCID: PMC4935954 DOI: 10.1038/srep29338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease that leads to destructive arthritis. Although the HLA class II locus is the strongest genetic risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis, the relationship between HLA class II alleles and lymphocyte activation remains unclear. We performed immunophenotyping of peripheral blood mononuclear cells on 91 HLA-DRB1-genotyped RA patients and 110 healthy donors. The frequency of memory CXCR4+CD4+ T cells, and not Th1 and Th17 cells, was significantly associated with disease severity by multiple linear regression analysis. RA patients with one or more susceptible HLA-DR haplotypes (shared epitope: SE) displayed a significantly higher frequency of memory CXCR4+CD4+ T cells. Moreover, the frequency of memory CXCR4+CD4+ T cells significantly correlated with the expression level of HLA-DR on B cells, which was elevated in RA patients with SE. In vitro analysis and transcriptomic pathway analysis suggested that the interaction between HLA-DR and T cell receptors is an important regulator of memory CXCR4+CD4+ T cells. Clinically, a higher frequency of memory CXCR4+CD4+ T cells predicted a better response to CTLA4-Ig. Memory CXCR4+CD4+ T cells may serve as a powerful biomarker for unraveling the linkage between HLA-DRB1 genotype and disease activity in RA.
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26
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Borrello I, Noonan KA. Marrow-Infiltrating Lymphocytes - Role in Biology and Cancer Therapy. Front Immunol 2016; 7:112. [PMID: 27066005 PMCID: PMC4812049 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The past several years have witnessed the acceptance of immunotherapy into the mainstream of therapies for patients with cancer. This has been driven by the clinical successes of antibodies to the checkpoint inhibitors, CTLA-4 and PD-1, capable of imparting long-term remissions in several solid tumors as well as Hodgkin’s lymphoma (1) and the therapeutic successes of adoptive T-cell transfer with chimeric antigen receptors (2) or modified T-cell receptors (3) that have mostly utilized peripheral T-cells. One emerging area of therapeutic T cell intervention has been the utilization of marrow-infiltrating lymphocytes (MILs) – a novel form of adoptive T-cell therapy. This approach was initially developed to increase the likelihood of a precursor T-cell population with an enhanced tumor specificity in bone marrow (BM)-derived malignancies. However, the unique attributes of BM T-cells and their interaction with their microenvironment provide significant rationale to utilize these cells therapeutically in diseases that extend beyond hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Borrello
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Kimberly A Noonan
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD , USA
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27
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CXCR4 expression on pathogenic T cells facilitates their bone marrow infiltration in a mouse model of aplastic anemia. Blood 2015; 125:2087-94. [PMID: 25647836 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-08-594796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aplastic anemia (AA) is a disease characterized by T-cell-mediated destruction of bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Physiologically, T cells migrate to the BM in response to chemokines, such as SDF-1α, the ligand for CXCR4. However, how T cells traffic to the BM in AA is poorly understood. CXCR4 is aberrantly expressed in immune-mediated diseases and its regulation by nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in cancer models is well documented. In this study, we show that CXCR4 is highly expressed on BM-infiltrating CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in a mouse model of AA. Inhibiting CXCR4 in AA mice, using CXCR4(-/-) splenocytes or AMD3100, significantly reduced BM infiltration of T cells. We also report that NF-κB occupancy at the CXCR4 promoter is enhanced in BM-infiltrating CD8(+) T cells of AA mice. Moreover, inhibiting NF-κB signaling in AA mice using Bay11 or dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin, or transferring p50(-/-) splenocytes, decreased CXCR4 expression on CD8(+) T cells, significantly reduced BM infiltration of T cells, and strongly attenuated disease symptoms. Remarkably, therapeutic administration of Bay11 significantly extended survival of AA mice. Overall, we demonstrate that CXCR4 mediates migration of pathogenic T cells to the BM in AA mice, and inhibiting NF-κB signaling may represent a novel therapeutic approach to treating AA.
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28
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Yuan A, Lee Y, Choi U, Moeckel G, Karihaloo A. Chemokine receptor Cxcr4 contributes to kidney fibrosis via multiple effectors. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 308:F459-72. [PMID: 25537742 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00146.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis is the final common pathway for virtually every type of chronic kidney disease and is a consequence of a prolonged healing response that follows tissue inflammation. Chronic kidney inflammation ultimately leads to progressive tissue injury and scarring/fibrosis. Several pathways have been implicated in the progression of kidney fibrosis. In the present study, we demonstrate that G protein-coupled chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor (CXCR)4 was significantly upregulated after renal injury and that sustained activation of Cxcr4 expression augmented the fibrotic response. We demonstrate that after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), both gene and protein expression of Cxcr4 were highly upregulated in tubular cells of the nephron. The increased Cxcr4 expression in tubules correlated with their increased dedifferentiated state, leading to increased mRNA expression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-α, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and concurrent loss of bone morphogenetic protein 7 (Bmp7). Ablation of tubular Cxcr4 attenuated UUO-mediated fibrotic responses, which correlated with a significant reduction in PDGF-α and TGF-β1 levels and preservation of Bmp7 expression after UUO. Furthermore, Cxcr4(+) immune cells infiltrated the obstructed kidney and further upregulate their Cxcr4 expression. Genetic ablation of Cxcr4 from macrophages was protective against UUO-induced fibrosis. There was also reduced total kidney TGF-β1, which correlated with reduced Smad activation and α-smooth muscle actin levels. We conclude that chronic high Cxcr4 expression in multiple effector cell types can contribute to the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis by altering their biological profile. This study uncovered a novel cross-talk between Cxcr4-TGF-β1 and Bmp7 pathways and may provide novel targets for interrupting the progression of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yashang Lee
- Department of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Uimook Choi
- Laboratory of Host Defense, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Gilbert Moeckel
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Anil Karihaloo
- Department of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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29
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Huang K, Kiefer C, Kamal A. Novel role for NFAT3 in ERK-mediated regulation of CXCR4. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115249. [PMID: 25514788 PMCID: PMC4267837 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The G-protein coupled chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor CXCR4 is linked to cancer, HIV, and WHIM (Warts, Hypogammaglobulinemia, Infections, and Myelokathexis) syndrome. While CXCR4 is reported to be overexpressed in multiple human cancer types and many hematological cancer cell lines, we have observed poor in vitro cell surface expression of CXCR4 in many solid tumor cell lines. We explore further the possible factors and pathways involved in regulating CXCR4 expression. Here, we showed that MEK-ERK signaling pathway and NFAT3 transcriptional factor plays a novel role in regulating CXCR4 expression. When cultured as 3D spheroids, HeyA8 ovarian tumor cells showed a dramatic increase in surface CXCR4 protein levels as well as mRNA transcripts. Furthermore, HeyA8 3D spheroids showed a decrease in phospho-ERK levels when compared to adherent cells. The treatment of adherent HeyA8 cells with an inhibitor of the MEK-ERK pathway, U0126, resulted in a significant increase in surface CXCR4 expression. Additional investigation using the PCR array assay comparing adherent to 3D spheroid showed a wide range of transcription factors being up-regulated, most notably a > 20 fold increase in NFAT3 transcription factor mRNA. Finally, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis showed that direct binding of NFAT3 on the CXCR4 promoter corresponds to increased CXCR4 expression in HeyA8 ovarian cell line. Taken together, our results suggest that high phospho-ERK levels and NFAT3 expression plays a novel role in regulating CXCR4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keven Huang
- Department of Oncology Research, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Christine Kiefer
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Adeela Kamal
- Department of Oncology Research, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
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30
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Konoplev S, Lin P, Yin CC, Lin E, Nogueras González GM, Kantarjian HM, Andreeff M, Medeiros LJ, Konopleva M. CXC chemokine receptor 4 expression, CXC chemokine receptor 4 activation, and wild-type nucleophosmin are independently associated with unfavorable prognosis in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2013; 13:686-92. [PMID: 24035716 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2013.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is activated by phosphorylation and essential for migration of hematopoietic precursors to bone marrow. CXCR4 overexpression predicts unfavorable prognosis in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Nucleophosmin (NPM1) mutation is the most frequent genetic abnormality in patients with AML and predicts a favorable prognosis. In vitro studies have suggested that mutant nucleophosmin (NPM) decreases CXCR4-mediated chemotaxis by downregulating CXCR4, thereby linking the NPM and CXCR4 pathways. PATIENTS AND METHODS In a group of 117 untreated adults with AML, we used immunohistochemistry to assess bone marrow specimens for CXCR4 and phosphorylated CXCR4 (pCXCR4) expression. All cases also were analyzed for NPM1 mutations using polymerase chain reaction-based methods. RESULTS CXCR4 expression was detected in 75 patients (64%), and pCXCR4 expression was detected in 31 patients (26%). NPM1 mutations were detected in 63 patients (54%). NPM1 mutations did not correlate with CXCR4 (P = .212) or pCXCR4 (P = .355) expression. The median 5-year overall survival was 27% (95% confidence interval, 19-36), with a median follow-up of 8 months (95% confidence interval, 6-15). In a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model, reduced overall and progression-free survival rates were associated with a history of antecedent hematologic disorder, failure to achieve complete remission, thrombocytopenia, unfavorable cytogenetics, CXCR4 expression, and wild-type NPM1. pCXCR4 expression was independently associated with shorter progression-free survival. CONCLUSIONS There is no correlation between NPM1 mutations and CXCR4 or pCXCR4 expression, suggesting that the CXCR4 and NPM pathways act independently in adult AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Konoplev
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
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31
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Colpitts SL, Stonier SW, Stoklasek TA, Root SH, Aguila HL, Schluns KS, Lefrançois L. Transcriptional regulation of IL-15 expression during hematopoiesis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:3017-24. [PMID: 23966624 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most commonly studied source of the cytokine IL-15. Using an IL-15 reporter transgenic mouse, we have recently shown previously unappreciated differences in the levels of IL-15 expressed by subsets of conventional DCs (CD8⁺ and CD8⁻). In this study, we show that IL-15 promoter activity was differentially regulated in subsets of hematopoietically derived cells with IL-15 expression largely limited to myeloid lineages. In contrast, mature cells of the lymphoid lineages expressed little to no IL-15 activity. Surprisingly, we discovered that hematopoietic stem cells (lineage⁻Sca-1⁺c-Kit⁺) expressed high levels of IL-15, suggesting that IL-15 expression was extinguished during lymphoid development. In the case of T cells, this downregulation was Notch-dependent and occurred in a stepwise pattern coincident with increasing maturation and commitment to a T cell fate. Finally, we further demonstrate that IL-15 expression was also controlled throughout DC development, with key regulatory activity of IL-15 production occurring at the pre-DC branch point, leading to the generation of both IL-15⁺CD8⁺ and IL-15(⁻/low)CD8⁻ DC subsets. Thus, IL-15 expression is coordinated with cellular fate in myeloid versus lymphoid immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L Colpitts
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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32
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Smith HA, Kang Y. Acute infection induces a metastatic niche: a double menace for cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:4547-9. [PMID: 23922303 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-1524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-derived factors can induce a premetastatic niche, yet little is known about how metastatic microenvironments are influenced by external insults, such as acute infections commonly seen in patients with cancer. New findings reveal increased metastasis to the lung after acute bacterial infection via the CXCR4/ubiquitin axis, suggesting new targets for antimetastasis therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heath A Smith
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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33
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Khan MA. Inflammation signals airway smooth muscle cell proliferation in asthma pathogenesis. Multidiscip Respir Med 2013; 8:11. [PMID: 23388501 PMCID: PMC3568740 DOI: 10.1186/2049-6958-8-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Airway inflammation stimulates proliferation of airway smooth muscle cell, which contributes to the development of hyperplasia and hypertrophy of smooth muscle cell. The increase in airway smooth muscle cell mass is believed to be due to an up-regulation of inflammatory mediators in the airway. It is now well recognized that chronic inflammation as well as airway hyper-responsiveness and remodeling of airway during inflammation, are crucial to asthma. Airway hyper-responsiveness is caused by increased cell proliferation or by hypertrophy of airway smooth muscle cell depending on the nature of the inflammatory stimulation. Airway smooth muscle cell proliferation in asthma is regulated by the proinflammatory cytokines including IL-1β and TNF-α. These proinflammatory cytokines have been shown to influence human airway smooth muscle cell proliferation in vitro, which is due to cyclooxygenase-2 expression, production of prostaglandin E2, and increased cAMP levels. Conclusions This review highlights the role of different proinflammatory cytokines in regulating airway smooth muscle cell growth and also focuses on regulation of differential gene expression in airway smooth muscle cell by growth factors and cytokines, also to bestow unique insight into the effects of conventional asthma therapies on airway smooth muscle cell proliferation and development of new therapeutic strategies to control asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Afzal Khan
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, VAPAHCS, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Building 101, Room B4-105, Palo Alto, California, 94304, USA.
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34
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Bugault F, Benati D, Mouthon L, Landires I, Rohrlich P, Pestre V, Thèze J, Lortholary O, Chakrabarti LA. Altered responses to homeostatic cytokines in patients with idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55570. [PMID: 23383227 PMCID: PMC3559496 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia (ICL) is a rare immune deficiency characterized by a protracted CD4(+) T cell loss of unknown etiology and by the occurrence of opportunistic infections similar to those seen in AIDS. We investigated whether a defect in responses to cytokines that control CD4(+) T cell homeostasis could play a role in ICL. Immunophenotype and signaling responses to interleukin-7 (IL-7), IL-2, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) were analyzed by flow cytometry in CD4(+) T cells from 15 ICL patients and 15 healthy blood donors. The induction of phospho-STAT5 after IL-7 stimulation was decreased in memory CD4(+) T cells of some ICL patients, which correlated with a decreased expression of the IL-7Rα receptor chain (R = 0.74, p<0.005) and with lower CD4(+) T cell counts (R = 0.69, p<0.005). IL-2 responses were also impaired, both in the Treg and conventional memory subsets. Decreased IL-2 responses correlated with decreased IL-7 responses (R = 0.75, p<0.005), pointing to combined defects that may significantly perturb CD4(+) T cell homeostasis in a subset of ICL patients. Unexpectedly, responses to the IL-7-related cytokine TSLP were increased in ICL patients, while they remained barely detectable in healthy controls. TSLP responses correlated inversely with IL-7 responses (R = -0.41; p<0.05), suggesting a cross-regulation between the two cytokine systems. In conclusion, IL-7 and IL-2 signaling are impaired in ICL, which may account for the loss of CD4(+) T cell homeostasis. Increased TSLP responses point to a compensatory homeostatic mechanism that may mitigate defects in γc cytokine responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Bugault
- Unité d'Immunogénétique Cellulaire, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Daniela Benati
- Unité d'Immunogénétique Cellulaire, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Luc Mouthon
- Université Paris Descartes, Pôle de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Ivan Landires
- Unité d'Immunogénétique Cellulaire, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Rohrlich
- INSERM U645, Besançon, France
- Université de Besançon, Besançon, France
- Service de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Vincent Pestre
- Université Paris Descartes, Pôle de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Jacques Thèze
- Unité d'Immunogénétique Cellulaire, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Lortholary
- Unité de Mycologie Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA 3012, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre d'Infectiologie Necker-Pasteur, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Lisa A. Chakrabarti
- Unité d'Immunogénétique Cellulaire, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Salgado FJ, Pérez-Díaz A, Villanueva NM, Lamas O, Arias P, Nogueira M. CD26: a negative selection marker for human Treg cells. Cytometry A 2012; 81:843-55. [PMID: 22949266 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A major obstacle hampering the therapeutic application of regulatory T (Treg) cells is the lack of suitable extracellular markers, which complicates their identification/isolation. Treg cells are normally isolated via CD25 (IL-2Rα) targeting, but this protein is also expressed by activated CD4(+) effector T (Teff) lymphocytes. Other extracellular (positive or negative) Treg selection markers (e.g., HLA-DR, CD127) are also nonspecific. CD26 is an extracellular peptidase whose high expression has been traditionally used as an indicator of immune activation and effector functions in T cells. Now, we provide flow cytometry data showing high levels of CD26 within CD4(+)CD25(-) or CD4(+)FoxP3(-/low) effector T (Teff) lymphocytes, but negative or low levels (CD26(-/low)) in Treg cells selected according to the CD4(+)CD25(high) or the CD4(+)FoxP3(high) phenotype. Unlike the negative marker CD127 (IL-7Rα), which is down modulated in CD4(+) Teff lymphocytes after TCR triggering, most of these cells upregulate CD26 and take a CD4(+)CD25(+/high) CD26(+) phenotype upon activation. In contrast, there is only a slight upregulation within Treg cells (CD4(+)CD25(high) CD26(-/low)). Thus, differences in CD26 levels between Treg and Teff subsets are stable, and assessment of this marker, in combination with others like CD25, FoxP3, or CD127, may be useful during the quantitative evaluation or the isolation of Treg cells in samples containing activated Teff lymphocytes (e.g., from patients with autoimmune/inflammatory diseases).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Salgado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology/CIBUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Coruña, España
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IL-7 induces expression and activation of integrin α4β7 promoting naive T-cell homing to the intestinal mucosa. Blood 2012; 120:2610-9. [PMID: 22896005 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-06-434779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is a nonredundant cytokine that plays a critical role in T-cell homeostasis and promotes immunologic reconstitution in lymphopenic hosts. Here, we show that IL-7, at doses that reflect suprahomeostatic concentrations achieved in lymphopenic hosts, is a potent and selective inducer of the gut-homing integrin α4β7 in human T cells, as documented both ex vivo and in vivo in patients enrolled in a clinical trial of IL-7 treatment. Induction of α4β7 by IL-7 occurs primarily in naive T cells and is associated with functional activation of the integrin, as indicated by increased binding activity for the specific α4β7 ligand, MAdCAM-1. The physiologic relevance of these findings was validated by the preferential homing of IL-7-treated naive human T cells to the intestinal compartment in humanized NOD/SCID/IL-2 receptor-γ(null) (NSG) mice. We also show that IL-7 triggers a peculiar activation program in naive T cells, characterized by the acquisition of memory-like phenotypic features and proliferation uncoupled from expression of classic T-cell activation markers. These findings provide a mechanism for the transient in vivo depletion of circulating T cells after IL-7 administration and suggest that intestinal homing and memory-like conversion of naive T cells are critical steps in the IL-7-driven immunologic reconstitution of lymphopenic hosts.
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Geldmacher C, Koup RA. Pathogen-specific T cell depletion and reactivation of opportunistic pathogens in HIV infection. Trends Immunol 2012; 33:207-14. [PMID: 22398371 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2012.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
During HIV infection, it is unclear why different opportunistic pathogens cause disease at different CD4 T cell count thresholds. Early work has shown that CD4 T cell depletion is influenced both by cellular activation status and expression of viral entry receptors. More recently, functional characteristics of the CD4 T cells, such as cytokine and chemokine production, have also been shown to influence cellular susceptibility to HIV. Here, we examine how functional differences in pathogen-specific CD4 T cells could lead to their differential loss during HIV infection. This may have implications for when different opportunistic infections occur, and a better understanding of the mechanisms for functional imprinting of antigen-specific T cells may lead to improvements in design of vaccines against HIV and opportunistic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christof Geldmacher
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany.
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Alfinito F, Ruggiero G, Sica M, Udhayachandran A, Rubino V, Della Pepa R, Palatucci AT, Annunziatella M, Notaro R, Risitano AM, Terrazzano G. Eculizumab treatment modifies the immune profile of PNH patients. Immunobiology 2011; 217:698-703. [PMID: 22206707 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2011.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Haemoglobinuria (PNH) is due to pathological expansion of a stem progenitor bearing a somatic mutation of PIG-A gene involved in the biosynthesis of the glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol (GPI) anchor. Numerous data suggest a role for immune-mediated mechanisms in the selection/expansion of GPI-defective clone. Haemolytic anaemia in PNH is dependent on the effect of complement against GPI-defective red cells. Eculizumab, an anti-C5 monoclonal antibody, is dramatically effective in controlling haemolysis and thrombosis, in reducing fatigue and in improving quality of life of patients. However, this therapy presents new challenges that need to be properly faced. Here, we report the decrease in B, Natural Killer (NK) and regulatory T cells (Treg), an altered cytokine profile of invariant-NKT cells (NKTi) and the increasing of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) receptor in PNH patients before the Eculizumab therapy. Treatment significantly affects some of these alterations: after Eculizumab, the number of B lymphocytes, the cytokine secretion of NKTi and CXCR4 expression on CD8 T cells became similar to healthy donors. No effects were observed on NK and Treg. The amplitude of the GPI-defective compartment remained unchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Alfinito
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Technologies, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
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Choi WT, Duggineni S, Xu Y, Huang Z, An J. Drug discovery research targeting the CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). J Med Chem 2011; 55:977-94. [PMID: 22085380 DOI: 10.1021/jm200568c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Won-Tak Choi
- Department of Pathology, The University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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Yoshida N, Kitayama D, Arima M, Sakamoto A, Inamine A, Watanabe-Takano H, Hatano M, Koike T, Tokuhisa T. CXCR4 expression on activated B cells is downregulated by CD63 and IL-21. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:2800-8. [PMID: 21270405 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CXCR4 expression is critical for localization of centroblasts in the dark zone of germinal centers (GCs), and centrocytes downregulate CXCR4 and thus leave the dark zone to reside in the light zone. However, mechanisms governing CXCR4 downregulation on centrocytes are not known. In this study, we show that the amount of intracellular CXCR4 in centroblasts was similar to that in centrocytes, suggesting differential control of CXCR4 protein expression in these GC B cells. Restimulation of activated B cells with IL-21, which is a major cytokine produced by T follicular helper cells, accelerated CXCR4 internalization by inducing endocytosis-related GRK6 expression. Although CXCR4 expression was downregulated on GC B cells by IL-21 stimulation, CXCR4(low) centrocytes developed in the spleens of IL-21R-deficient mice, suggesting other mechanisms for downregulation. The level of CD63 (which recruits CXCR4 to late endosome in CD4 T cells) in centrocytes was more than that in centroblasts and was strikingly elevated in activated Bcl6-deficient B cells. Bcl6, a transcriptional repressor, was detected on the chromatin of the CD63 gene in resting B cells, therefore CD63 is a molecular target of Bcl6. Downregulation of CD63 mRNA in activated Bcl6-deficient B cells by small interfering RNA upregulated CXCR4 expression on the B cells. Furthermore, addition of Bcl6 inhibitor to activated B cell cultures increased CD63 mRNA expression in (and downregulated CXCR4 expression on) those activated B cells. Thus, CXCR4 can be downregulated on activated B cells by IL-21-induced endocytosis and CD63-mediated endosomal recruitment, and these mechanisms may contribute to downregulation of CXCR4 on centrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuya Yoshida
- Department of Developmental Genetics, H2, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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Xie F, Wang Q, Chen Y, Gu Y, Mao H, Zeng W, Zhang X. Costimulatory molecule OX40/OX40L expression in ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive ductal carcinoma of breast: an immunohistochemistry-based pilot study. Pathol Res Pract 2010; 206:735-9. [PMID: 20634005 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2010.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2009] [Revised: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OX40, a membrane-bound member of the tumor-necrosis-factor-receptor (TNFR) superfamily, plays an important role in proliferation, survival and infiltration of activated T cells via binding to OX40L. Recent studies indicate that OX40/OX40L system mediates the adhesion and infiltration of adult T cell leukemia (ATL). Previously, we detected OX40 expression in breast carcinoma cell lines and tissues. The correlation of expression of OX40 and OX40L and clinical features in breast carcinogenesis, however, has not been well characterized. The expression of OX40 and OX40L in 107 invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCa), 9 ductal carcinomas in situ (DCIS), and 31 fibroadenomas from breast tissues and its relationship with the clinical features were determined using immunohistochemistry (peroxidase-conjugated polymer method, ChemMate™ Envision™ Detection kit). The positive immunostaining rates for OX40 in IDCa, DCIS and fibroadenomas from breast tissues were 85.0%, 66.7% and 38.7% respectively, showing a significant difference in OX40 expression among IDCa, DCIS and fibroadenoma of breast (z=5.206, P=0.001). Increased staining intensity of OX40 was associated with TNM stages (z=2.112, P=0.017). Meanwhile, a relation of OX40 expression with lymph node metastatic status in IDCa was found (P=0.041). The expression of OX40L did not show any obvious difference among IDCa, DCIS and fibroadenomas from breast tissues. OX40L expression was also not related to histopathological parameters in IDCa except for progesterone receptor (PR) being positive (P=0.005). However, a high coincidental positive rate for OX40 and OX40L was observed in biopsy samples with IDCa (P=0.017, Kappa=0.231). The present results suggest that high OX40 expression may be associated with malignant transformation, progression, invasion and metastasis in breast cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xie
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 181 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
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Idiopathic CD4+ T-cell lymphocytopenia is associated with impaired membrane expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4. Blood 2009; 115:3708-17. [PMID: 20038787 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-02-202796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic CD4(+) T-cell lymphocytopenia (ICL) is a rare acquired T-cell immunodeficiency of unknown pathogenic basis. Six adults with ICL who developed opportunistic infections were investigated using extensive immunophenotyping analysis and functional evaluation of the chemokine receptor CXCR4. For all 6 patients studied, a profound defect in CXCR4 expression was detected at the surface of CD4(+) T lymphocytes, in association with an abnormal intracellular accumulation of CXCR4 and of its natural ligand, the chemokine CXCL12. For all patients studied, CD4(+) T-cell chemotactic response toward CXCL12 was decreased, whereas sensitivity to CXCL8 was preserved. CXCR4 recovery after ligand-induced endocytosis was impaired in ICL CD4(+) T cells. Upon in vitro addition of interleukin-2 (IL-2), membrane expression of CXCR4 returned to normal levels in 5 of 6 patients, whereas intracellular accumulation of CXCR4 and CXCL12 disappeared. Upon therapeutic administration of IL-2, CD4(+) T-cell count and membrane CXCR4 expression and function improved over time in 3 of 4 patients treated. Therefore, our data indicate that ICL is associated with defective surface expression of CXCR4, which may be reversed by IL-2.
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Stoicov C, Li H, Cerny J, Houghton J. How the study of Helicobacter infection can contribute to the understanding of carcinoma development. Clin Microbiol Infect 2009; 15:813-22. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02965.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES CCR7, a chemokine receptor expressed at high levels on naive and central memory T cells, is essential for T-cell recirculation into secondary lymphoid organs. We investigated CCR7 expression and chemotactic function in patient T cells, to gain further insights into mechanisms of T-cell dysfunction in HIV infection. DESIGN AND METHODS CCR7 expression and function were measured in T-cell subsets of viremic patients (n = 15), efficiently treated patients (n = 12), and healthy blood donors (n = 14). A whole blood assay was developed to measure chemotaxis in unperturbed T cells with physiological chemokine receptor expression levels. RESULTS The proportion of CCR7hi T-cell subsets (naive and central memory) was decreased in HIV-infected patients, but the expression of CCR7 within T-cell subsets did not differ from that in healthy controls. In spite of preserved CCR7 expression, CCR7-dependent chemotactic responses were significantly decreased within most T-cell subsets from viremic patients, including naive, central memory, and effector memory CD4 T cells and naive, central memory, and effector CD8 T cells. The chemotaxis defect was only partially corrected in efficiently treated patients. Importantly, chemotaxis to CXCR4, another chemokine receptor involved in T-cell recirculation, was preserved or even increased in T-cell subsets of HIV-infected patients. CONCLUSION These findings provide evidence for an impairment of CCR7 function in patient T cells, which may have major consequences on T-cell recirculation. The fact that CXCR4 function was preserved points to a CCR7-specific functional defect rather than a general block in chemotaxis.
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Zhang Z, Zhong W, Hall MJ, Kurre P, Spencer D, Skinner A, O'Neill S, Xia Z, Rosenbaum JT. CXCR4 but not CXCR7 is mainly implicated in ocular leukocyte trafficking during ovalbumin-induced acute uveitis. Exp Eye Res 2009; 89:522-31. [PMID: 19524567 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2009.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2009] [Revised: 05/04/2009] [Accepted: 05/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Uveitis is an inflammatory ocular disease characterized by the infiltration of T lymphocytes and other leukocytes into the eye. The recruitment of these inflammatory cells from systemic vasculature to ocular tissue is a well-coordinated multistep process including rolling, firm adhesion and transmigration. CXCL12 (SDF-1alpha) is an endothelial cell-derived cytokine interacting with CXCR4 and CXCR7, two chemokine receptors mainly expressed in T cells, neutrophils and monocytes. Recent studies have shown that CXCR4, CXCR7 and their ligand, CXCL12, are important for the regulation of leukocyte mobilization and trafficking. However, it is unclear whether these two chemokine receptors are implicated in the pathogenesis of uveitis. In this study, we used DO11.10 mice, whose CD4+ T cells are genetically engineered to react with ovalbumin (OVA), to investigate the role of CXCR4 and CXCR7 in an animal model of uveitis. Intravital microscopy revealed that intravitreal OVA challenge of DO11.10 mice caused the infiltration of both T cells and neutrophils. The invasion of these inflammatory cells coincided with the detection of transcriptional up-regulation of CXCR4 and CXCR7 in the eye. In addition, both real-time-PCR and immunohistochemistry revealed an enhanced expression of endothelial CXCL12. Furthermore, intraperitoneal injection of AMD3100 (a specific CXCR4 antagonist) significantly attenuated OVA-induced uveitis and CXCL12-mediated transwell migration. In contrast, intraperitoneal administration of CXCR7 neutralizing antibody did not significantly alter ocular infiltration of inflammatory cells caused by OVA challenge. Our data suggest that CXCR4 but not CXCR7 plays a critical role in antigen-induced ocular inflammation by facilitating leukocyte infiltration. This study not only enhances our knowledge of the immunopathological mechanism of uveitis but also provides a novel rationale to target CXCR4 as an anti-inflammatory strategy to treat uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Vykhovanets EV, Shukla S, MacLennan GT, Vykhovanets OV, Bodner DR, Gupta S. Il-1 beta-induced post-transition effect of NF-kappaB provides time-dependent wave of signals for initial phase of intrapostatic inflammation. Prostate 2009; 69:633-43. [PMID: 19170127 PMCID: PMC2669895 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our previous findings have shown that systemic administration of interleukin (IL)-1 beta induces up-regulation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) in mouse prostate tissue that may be responsible for leukocyte extravasation into prostate stroma. It has been hypothesized that NF-kappaB plays a role in the development of prostatitis, and that NF-kappaB activation might provide chemoattractive signals for leukocyte extravasation in the prostate. METHODS IL-1 beta was administrated intravenously, alone or with dexamethasone (Dex), to separate groups of C57BL/6J mice. Expression of NF-kappaB, chemoattractant receptors, and IL-17F in the prostates of the two groups of mice at various time periods following treatment was evaluated and compared. RESULTS IL-1 beta administration up-regulated NF-kappaB/p65 activity in the mouse prostate. IL-1 beta administration promoted extravasation and accumulation of CD45+ mononuclear cells but not neutrophils in the mouse prostate stroma. IL-1 beta administration provided earlier (4 hr) CXCR1/IL-8RA receptor expression in mouse prostate as a first signal, inducing capillary homing, adhesion, and initial extravasation of mononuclear cells into the prostate tissue. IL-1 beta administration also induced relatively late (24 hr) up-regulation of VCAM1 in the endothelial cells of microvessels and of IL-17F in prostate epithelium and in stromal infiltrating leukocytes. Concomitant administration of Dex, a known NF-kappaB inhibitor, resulted in significantly down-regulated IL-1 beta-induced NF-kappaB/p65 activity, as well as reduced expression of chemokine receptors and IL-17F in mouse prostate tissue. CONCLUSION Systemic IL-1 beta administration induces NF-kappaB-responsive genes to promote aberrant NF-kappaB/p65 activity, which may be critical in the development of prostatitis through its role in the production of chemoattractant signals that promote extravasation and stromal accumulation of mononuclear cells (mainly by CXCR1/IL-8RA), and initiation of a new wave of pro-inflammatory signals favorable to chronic inflammation (mainly by IL-17F).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene V. Vykhovanets
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Case Medical Center & University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sanjeev Shukla
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Case Medical Center & University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Gregory T. MacLennan
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Case Medical Center & University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Olena V. Vykhovanets
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Case Medical Center & University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Donald R. Bodner
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Case Medical Center & University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Case Medical Center & University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio
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Limited efficiency of endogenous interleukin-7 levels in T cell reconstitution during HIV-1 infection: will exogenous interleukin-7 therapy work? AIDS 2009; 23:745-55. [PMID: 19318908 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0b013e3283298572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Di Rosa F. T-lymphocyte interaction with stromal, bone and hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow. Immunol Cell Biol 2008; 87:20-9. [PMID: 19030018 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2008.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mature T cells in the bone marrow (BM) are in constant exchange with the blood pool. Within the BM, T-cell recognition of antigen presented by dendritic cell (DC) can occur, nevertheless it is thought that BM T cells mostly receive non-antigenic signals by either stimulatory, for example, interleukin (IL)-7, IL-15, tumor necrosis factor family members, or inhibitory molecules, for example, transforming growth factor-beta. The net balance is in favor of T-cell proliferation. Indeed, the percentage of proliferating T cells is higher in the BM than in spleen and lymph nodes, both within CD4 and CD8 T cells. High numbers of memory T cells proliferate in the BM, as they preferentially home to the BM and have an increased turnover as compared with naive T cells. I propose here that the BM plays an essential role in maintaining normal peripheral T-lymphocyte numbers and antigen-specific memory for both CD4 and CD8 T cells. I also discuss BM T-cell contribution to the homeostasis of bone metabolism as well as of hematopoiesis. It emerges that BM T cells play unexpected roles in several diseases, for example AIDS and osteoporosis. A better knowledge on BM T cells has implications for currently used clinical interventions, for example, vaccination, BM transplantation, mesenchymal stem cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Di Rosa
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy.
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Shojaei F, Menendez P. Molecular profiling of candidate human hematopoietic stem cells derived from human embryonic stem cells. Exp Hematol 2008; 36:1436-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2008.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2008] [Revised: 05/05/2008] [Accepted: 06/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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