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Luo C, He S, Shi F, Zhou J, Shang L. The Role of TRAIL Signaling in Cancer: Searching for New Therapeutic Strategies. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:521. [PMID: 39056714 PMCID: PMC11274015 DOI: 10.3390/biology13070521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Cancer continues to pose a significant threat to global health, with its status as a leading cause of death remaining unchallenged. Within the realm of cancer research, the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) stands out as a critical player, having been identified in the 1990s as the tenth member of the TNF family. This review examines the pivotal role of TRAIL in cancer biology, focusing on its ability to induce apoptosis in malignant cells through both endogenous and exogenous pathways. We provide an in-depth analysis of TRAIL's intracellular signaling and intercellular communication, underscoring its potential as a selective anticancer agent. Additionally, the review explores TRAIL's capacity to reshape the tumor microenvironment, thereby influencing cancer progression and response to therapy. With an eye towards future developments, we discuss the prospects of harnessing TRAIL's capabilities for the creation of tailored, precision-based cancer treatments, aiming to enhance efficacy and improve patient survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Luo
- Department of Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders/Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (C.L.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (S.H.); (F.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of National Health Commission, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Shan He
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (S.H.); (F.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of National Health Commission, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (S.H.); (F.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of National Health Commission, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Department of Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders/Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (C.L.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (S.H.); (F.S.)
| | - Li Shang
- Department of Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders/Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (C.L.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (S.H.); (F.S.)
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Maji A, Paul A, Sarkar A, Nahar S, Bhowmik R, Samanta A, Nahata P, Ghosh B, Karmakar S, Kumar Maity T. Significance of TRAIL/Apo-2 ligand and its death receptors in apoptosis and necroptosis signalling: Implications for cancer-targeted therapeutics. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 221:116041. [PMID: 38316367 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The human immune defensesystem routinely expresses the tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), which is the most prevalent element for antitumor immunity. TRAIL associates with its death receptors (DRs), DR4 (TRAIL-R1), and DR5 (TRAIL-R2), in cancer cells to initiate the intracellular apoptosis cascade. Accordingly, numerous academic institutions and pharmaceutical companies havetried to exploreTRAIL's capacity to kill tumourcells by producing recombinant versions of it (rhTRAIL) or TRAIL receptor agonists (TRAs) [monoclonal antibody (mAb), synthetic and natural compounds, etc.] and molecules that sensitize TRAIL signalling pathway for therapeutic applications. Recently, several microRNAs (miRs) have been found to activate or inhibit death receptor signalling. Therefore, pharmacological regulation of these miRs may activate or resensitize the TRAIL DRs signal, and this is a novel approach for developing anticancer therapeutics. In this article, we will discuss TRAIL and its receptors and molecular pathways by which it induces various cell death events. We will unravel potential innovative applications of TRAIL-based therapeutics, and other investigated therapeutics targeting TRAIL-DRs and summarize the current preclinical pharmacological studies and clinical trials. Moreover, we will also emphasizea few situations where future efforts may be addressed to modulate the TRAIL signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avik Maji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata 700 032, India.
| | - Abhik Paul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata 700 032, India.
| | - Arnab Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata 700 032, India; Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Sourin Nahar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata 700 032, India.
| | - Rudranil Bhowmik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata 700 032, India; Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Ajeya Samanta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata 700 032, India.
| | - Pankaj Nahata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata 700 032, India.
| | - Balaram Ghosh
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad-500078, India.
| | - Sanmoy Karmakar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata 700 032, India; Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Tapan Kumar Maity
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata 700 032, India.
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Chandra J, Hasan N, Nasir N, Wahab S, Thanikachalam PV, Sahebkar A, Ahmad FJ, Kesharwani P. Nanotechnology-empowered strategies in treatment of skin cancer. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 235:116649. [PMID: 37451568 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
In current scenario skin cancer is a serious condition that has a significant impact on world health. Skin cancer is divided into two categories: melanoma skin cancer (MSC) and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Because of its significant psychosocial effects and need for significant investment in new technology and therapies, skin cancer is an illness of global health relevance. From the patient's perspective chemotherapy considered to be the most acceptable form of treatment. However, significant negatives of chemotherapy such as severe toxicities and drug resistance pose serious challenges to the treatment. The field of nanomedicine holds significant promise for enhancing the specificity of targeting neoplastic cells through the facilitation of targeted drug delivery to tumour cells. The integration of multiple therapeutic modalities to selectively address cancer-promoting or cell-maintaining pathways constitutes a fundamental aspect of cancer treatment. The use of mono-therapy remains prevalent in the treatment of various types of cancer, it is widely acknowledged in the academic community that this conventional approach is generally considered to be less efficacious compared to the combination treatment strategy. The employment of combination therapy in cancer treatment has become increasingly widespread due to its ability to produce synergistic anticancer effects, mitigate toxicity associated with drugs, and inhibit multi-drug resistance by means of diverse mechanisms. Nanotechnology based combination therapy represents a promising avenue for the development of efficacious therapies for skin cancer within the context of this endeavour. The objective of this article is to provide a description of distinct challenges for efficient delivery of drugs via skin. This article also provides a summary of the various nanotechnology based combinatorial therapy available for skin cancer with their recent advances. This review also focuses on current status of clinical trials of such therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Chandra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Nazeer Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Nazim Nasir
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushait, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shadma Wahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Punniyakoti Veeraveedu Thanikachalam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Saveetha College of Pharmacy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farhan Jalees Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India; Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
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Snajdauf M, Havlova K, Vachtenheim J, Ozaniak A, Lischke R, Bartunkova J, Smrz D, Strizova Z. The TRAIL in the Treatment of Human Cancer: An Update on Clinical Trials. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:628332. [PMID: 33791337 PMCID: PMC8006409 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.628332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
TRAIL (tumor-necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand, CD253) and its death receptors TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 selectively trigger the apoptotic cell death in tumor cells. For that reason, TRAIL has been extensively studied as a target of cancer therapy. In spite of the promising preclinical observations, the TRAIL–based therapies in humans have certain limitations. The two main therapeutic approaches are based on either an administration of TRAIL-receptor (TRAIL-R) agonists or a recombinant TRAIL. These approaches, however, seem to elicit a limited therapeutic efficacy, and only a few drugs have entered the phase II clinical trials. To deliver TRAIL-based therapies with higher anti-tumor potential several novel TRAIL-derivates and modifications have been designed. These novel drugs are, however, mostly preclinical, and many problems continue to be unraveled. We have reviewed the current status of all TRAIL-based monotherapies and combination therapies that have reached phase II and phase III clinical trials in humans. We have also aimed to introduce all novel approaches of TRAIL utilization in cancer treatment and discussed the most promising drugs which are likely to enter clinical trials in humans. To date, different strategies were introduced in order to activate anti-tumor immune responses with the aim of achieving the highest efficacy and minimal toxicity.In this review, we discuss the most promising TRAIL-based clinical trials and their therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Snajdauf
- Third Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Klara Havlova
- Department of Urology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiri Vachtenheim
- Third Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Andrej Ozaniak
- Third Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Robert Lischke
- Third Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jirina Bartunkova
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Daniel Smrz
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Zuzana Strizova
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia
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5
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Singh D, Tewari M, Singh S, Narayan G. Revisiting the role of TRAIL/TRAIL-R in cancer biology and therapy. Future Oncol 2021; 17:581-596. [PMID: 33401962 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), a member of the TNF superfamily, can induce apoptosis in cancer cells, sparing normal cells when bound to its associated death receptors (DR4/DR5). This unique mechanism makes TRAIL a potential anticancer therapeutic agent. However, clinical trials of recombinant TRAIL protein and TRAIL receptor agonist monoclonal antibodies have shown disappointing results due to its short half-life, poor pharmacokinetics and the resistance of the cancer cells. This review summarizes TRAIL-induced apoptotic and survival pathways as well as mechanisms leading to apoptotic resistance. Recent development of methods to overcome cancer cell resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis, such as protein modification, combination therapy and TRAIL-based gene therapy, appear promising. We also discuss the challenges and opportunities in the development of TRAIL-based therapies for the treatment of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Singh
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Mallika Tewari
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sunita Singh
- Department of Zoology, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Gopeshwar Narayan
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
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Walker KW, Foltz IN, Wang T, Salimi-Moosavi H, Bailis JM, Lee F, An P, Smith S, Bruno R, Wang Z. The serum protein transthyretin as a platform for dimerization and tetramerization of antibodies and Fab fragments to enable target clustering. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:10446-10455. [PMID: 32518163 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is an abundant homotetrameric serum protein and was selected here for engineering higher-valency molecules because of its compact size, simple structure, and natural propensity to tetramerize. To demonstrate this utility, we fused TTR to the C terminus of conatumumab, an antibody that targets tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 2, as heavy chains to form antibody dimers and Fab heavy chains to form Fab tetramers. Moreover, we used constant heavy domain 3 heterodimerization substitutions to create TTR-mediated conatumumab tetramers. The conatumumab-TTR fusions displayed substantially enhanced potency in cell-based assays, as well as in murine tumor xenograft models. We conclude that antibody-TTR fusions may provide a powerful platform for multimerizing antibody and Fab fragments to enhance the capabilities of human therapeutics that benefit from target clustering and higher-order antigen-binding valency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian N Foltz
- Amgen Research, Amgen British Columbia, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tina Wang
- Amgen Research, Amgen British Columbia, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Julie M Bailis
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Fei Lee
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Phillip An
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Stephen Smith
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Richele Bruno
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Zhulun Wang
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
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Yu J, Song Y, Tian W. How to select IgG subclasses in developing anti-tumor therapeutic antibodies. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:45. [PMID: 32370812 PMCID: PMC7201658 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00876-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The intact antibody of human immunoglobulin (IgG) is composed of the fragment for antigen binding (Fab) and the crystallizable fragment (Fc) for binding of Fcγ receptors. Among the four subclasses of human IgG (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4), which differ in their constant regions, particularly in their hinges and CH2 domains, IgG1 has the highest FcγR-binding affinity, followed by IgG3, IgG2, and IgG4. As a result, different subclasses have different effector functions such as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). Fcγ receptors include six subtypes (FcγRI, FcγRIIA, FcγRIIB, FcγRIIC, FcγRIIIA, FcγRIIIB) which differ in cellular distribution, binding affinity to Fc, and the resulting biological activity. Therefore, when developing anti-tumor therapeutic antibodies, including single-targeted antibodies, bi-specific antibodies (BsAbs), and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), many factors, such as target biology, cellular distribution of the targets, the environments of particular tumor types, as well as the proposed mechanism of action (MOA), must be taken into consideration. This review outlines fundamental strategies that are required to select IgG subclasses in developing anti-tumor therapeutic antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifeng Yu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China. .,Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Yongping Song
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Wenzhi Tian
- ImmuneOnco Biopharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Chen Y, Paluch M, Zorn JA, Rajan S, Leonard B, Estevez A, Brady J, Chiu H, Phung W, Famili A, Yan M, Ciferri C, Matsumoto ML, Lazar GA, Crowell S, Hass P, Agard NJ. Targeted IgMs agonize ocular targets with extended vitreal exposure. MAbs 2020; 12:1818436. [PMID: 32936727 PMCID: PMC7577241 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2020.1818436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of ocular disease is hindered by the presence of the blood-retinal barrier, which restricts access of systemic drugs to the eye. Intravitreal injections bypass this barrier, delivering high concentrations of drug to the targeted tissue. However, the recommended dosing interval for approved biologics is typically 6-12 weeks, and frequent travel to the physician's office poses a substantial burden for elderly patients with poor vision. Real-world data suggest that many patients are under-treated. Here, we investigate IgMs as a novel platform for treating ocular disease. We show that IgMs are well-suited to ocular administration due to moderate viscosity, long ocular exposure, and rapid systemic clearance. The complement-dependent cytotoxicity of IgMs can be readily removed with a P436G mutation, reducing safety liabilities. Furthermore, dodecavalent binding of IgM hexamers can potently activate pathways implicated in the treatment of progressive blindness, including the Tie2 receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathway for the treatment of diabetic macular edema, or the death receptor 4 tumor necrosis family receptor pathway for the treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration. Collectively, these data demonstrate the promise of IgMs as therapeutic agonists for treating progressive blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Chen
- Departments of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maciej Paluch
- Departments of Protein Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julie A. Zorn
- Departments of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sharmila Rajan
- Departments of Preclinical & Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brandon Leonard
- Departments of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alberto Estevez
- Departments of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John Brady
- Departments of Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Henry Chiu
- Departments of Biochemical and Cellular Physiology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wilson Phung
- Departments of Microchemistry Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Amin Famili
- Departments of Drug Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Minhong Yan
- Departments of Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Claudio Ciferri
- Departments of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Greg A. Lazar
- Departments of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Susan Crowell
- Departments of Preclinical & Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Phil Hass
- Departments of Protein Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Agard
- Departments of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
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Molecular Mode of Action of TRAIL Receptor Agonists-Common Principles and Their Translational Exploitation. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070954. [PMID: 31284696 PMCID: PMC6678900 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and its death receptors TRAILR1/death receptor 4 (DR4) and TRAILR2/DR5 trigger cell death in many cancer cells but rarely exert cytotoxic activity on non-transformed cells. Against this background, a variety of recombinant TRAIL variants and anti-TRAIL death receptor antibodies have been developed and tested in preclinical and clinical studies. Despite promising results from mice tumor models, TRAIL death receptor targeting has failed so far in clinical studies to show satisfying anti-tumor efficacy. These disappointing results can largely be explained by two issues: First, tumor cells can acquire TRAIL resistance by several mechanisms defining a need for combination therapies with appropriate sensitizing drugs. Second, there is now growing preclinical evidence that soluble TRAIL variants but also bivalent anti-TRAIL death receptor antibodies typically require oligomerization or plasma membrane anchoring to achieve maximum activity. This review discusses the need for oligomerization and plasma membrane attachment for the activity of TRAIL death receptor agonists in view of what is known about the molecular mechanisms of how TRAIL death receptors trigger intracellular cell death signaling. In particular, it will be highlighted which consequences this has for the development of next generation TRAIL death receptor agonists and their potential clinical application.
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Lee YR, Hwang E, Jang YJ. Involvement of p38 Activation and Mitochondria in Death of Human Leukemia Cells Induced by an Agonistic Human Monoclonal Antibody Fab Specific to TRAIL Receptor 1. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081967. [PMID: 31013630 PMCID: PMC6515105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces cancer cell death with minimal damage to normal cells; however, some cancer cells are resistant to TRAIL. TRAIL resistance may be overcome by agonistic antibodies to TRAIL receptors. In this study, we report the toxic effects of a novel recombinant agonistic human anti-TRAIL receptor 1 (DR4) monoclonal antibody Fab fragment, DR4-4, on various TRAIL-resistant and -sensitive cancer cell lines. The mechanisms of DR4-4 Fab-induced cell death in a human T cell leukemia cell line (Jurkat) were investigated using cell viability testing, immunoblotting, immunoassays, flow cytometry, and morphological observation. DR4-4 Fab-induced caspase-independent necrosis was observed to occur in Jurkat cells in association with p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, cellular FLICE (FADD-like IL-1β-converting enzyme)-inhibitory protein degradation, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production. Increased cytotoxic effects of DR4-4 Fab were observed in combination with TRAIL or γ-irradiation. Our results indicate that the novel DR4-4 Fab might overcome TRAIL-resistance and induce death in leukemia cells via cellular mechanisms different from those activated by TRAIL. DR4-4 Fab may have application as a potential therapeutic antibody fragment in single or combination therapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Ri Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
| | - Eunjoo Hwang
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
| | - Young-Ju Jang
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
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Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a member of the TNF superfamily that can initiate the apoptosis pathway by binding to its associated death receptors DR4 and DR5. The activation of the TRAIL pathway in inducing tumor-selective apoptosis leads to the development of TRAIL-based cancer therapies, which include recombinant forms of TRAIL, TRAIL receptor agonists, and other therapeutic agents. Importantly, TRAIL, DR4, and DR5 can all be induced by synthetic and natural agents that activate the TRAIL apoptosis pathway in cancer cells. Thus, understanding the regulation of the TRAIL apoptosis pathway can aid in the development of TRAIL-based therapies for the treatment of human cancer.
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Importance of TRAIL Molecular Anatomy in Receptor Oligomerization and Signaling. Implications for Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040444. [PMID: 30934872 PMCID: PMC6521207 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is able to activate the extrinsic apoptotic pathway upon binding to DR4/TRAIL-R1 and/or DR5/TRAIL-R2 receptors. Structural data indicate that TRAIL functions as a trimer that can engage three receptor molecules simultaneously, resulting in receptor trimerization and leading to conformational changes in TRAIL receptors. However, receptor conformational changes induced by the binding of TRAIL depend on the molecular form of this death ligand, and not always properly trigger the apoptotic cascade. In fact, TRAIL exhibits a much stronger pro-apoptotic activity when is found as a transmembrane protein than when it occurs as a soluble form and this enhanced biological activity is directly linked to its ability to cluster TRAIL receptors in supra-molecular structures. In this regard, cells involved in tumor immunosurveillance, such as activated human T cells, secrete endogenous TRAIL as a transmembrane protein associated with lipid microvesicles called exosomes upon T-cell reactivation. Consequently, it seems clear that a proper oligomerization of TRAIL receptors, which leads to a strong apoptotic signaling, is crucial for inducing apoptosis in cancer cells upon TRAIL treatment. In this review, the current knowledge of oligomerization status of TRAIL receptors is discussed as well as the implications for cancer treatment when using TRAIL-based therapies.
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Kholodenko RV, Kalinovsky DV, Doronin II, Ponomarev ED, Kholodenko IV. Antibody Fragments as Potential Biopharmaceuticals for Cancer Therapy: Success and Limitations. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:396-426. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170817152554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are an important class of therapeutic agents approved for the therapy of many types of malignancies. However, in certain cases applications of conventional mAbs have several limitations in anticancer immunotherapy. These limitations include insufficient efficacy and adverse effects. The antigen-binding fragments of antibodies have a considerable potential to overcome the disadvantages of conventional mAbs, such as poor penetration into solid tumors and Fc-mediated bystander activation of the immune system. Fragments of antibodies retain antigen specificity and part of functional properties of conventional mAbs and at the same time have much better penetration into the tumors and a greatly reduced level of adverse effects. Recent advantages in antibody engineering allowed to produce different types of antibody fragments with improved structure and properties for efficient elimination of tumor cells. These molecules opened up new perspectives for anticancer therapy. Here, we will overview the structural features of the various types of antibody fragments and their applications for anticancer therapy as separate molecules and as part of complex conjugates or structures. Mechanisms of antitumor action of antibody fragments as well as their advantages and disadvantages for clinical application will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman V. Kholodenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho- Maklaya St., 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Daniel V. Kalinovsky
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho- Maklaya St., 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Igor I. Doronin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho- Maklaya St., 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Eugene D. Ponomarev
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Brain, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong
| | - Irina V. Kholodenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho- Maklaya St., 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
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14
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Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies can mediate antitumor activity by multiple mechanisms. They can bind directly to tumor receptors resulting in tumor cell death, or can bind to soluble growth factors, angiogenic factors, or their cognate receptors blocking signals required for tumor cell growth or survival. Monoclonal antibodies, upon binding to tumor cell, can also engage the host's immune system to mediate immune-mediated destruction of the tumor. The Fc portion of the antibody is essential in engaging the host immune system by fixing complement resulting in complement-mediated cytotoxicity (CDC) of the tumor, or by engaging Fc receptors for IgG (FcγR) expressed by leukocytes leading to antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) or antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) of tumor cells. Antibodies whose Fc portion preferentially engage activating FcγRs have shown greater inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis. Monoclonal antibodies can also stimulate the immune system by binding to targets expressed on immune cells. These antibodies may stimulate antitumor immunity by antagonizing a negative regulatory signal, agonizing a costimulatory signal, or depleting immune cells that are inhibitory. The importance of Fc:FcγR interactions in antitumor therapy for each of these mechanisms have been demonstrated in both mouse models and clinical trials and will be the focus of this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Graziano
- Oncology Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - John J Engelhardt
- Oncology Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, Redwood City, CA, USA.
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15
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Naimi A, Movassaghpour AA, Hagh MF, Talebi M, Entezari A, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Solali S. TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) as the potential therapeutic target in hematological malignancies. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 98:566-576. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Dubuisson A, Micheau O. Antibodies and Derivatives Targeting DR4 and DR5 for Cancer Therapy. Antibodies (Basel) 2017; 6:E16. [PMID: 31548531 PMCID: PMC6698863 DOI: 10.3390/antib6040016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing therapeutics that induce apoptosis in cancer cells has become an increasingly attractive approach for the past 30 years. The discovery of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily members and more specifically TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), the only cytokine of the family capable of eradicating selectively cancer cells, led to the development of numerous TRAIL derivatives targeting death receptor 4 (DR4) and death receptor 5 (DR5) for cancer therapy. With a few exceptions, preliminary attempts to use recombinant TRAIL, agonistic antibodies, or derivatives to target TRAIL agonist receptors in the clinic have been fairly disappointing. Nonetheless, a tremendous effort, worldwide, is being put into the development of novel strategic options to target TRAIL receptors. Antibodies and derivatives allow for the design of novel and efficient agonists. We summarize and discuss here the advantages and drawbacks of the soar of TRAIL therapeutics, from the first developments to the next generation of agonistic products, with a particular insight on new concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Dubuisson
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, LNC UMR1231, F-21079 Dijon, France.
- CovalAb, Research Department, 11 Avenue Albert Einstein, 69100 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France.
- INSERM, UMR1231, Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, F-21079 Dijon, France.
| | - Olivier Micheau
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, LNC UMR1231, F-21079 Dijon, France.
- CovalAb, Research Department, 11 Avenue Albert Einstein, 69100 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France.
- INSERM, UMR1231, Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, F-21079 Dijon, France.
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17
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Enhancement of death receptor 4-mediated apoptosis and cytotoxicity in renal cell carcinoma cells by anisomycin. Anticancer Drugs 2017; 28:180-186. [PMID: 27879498 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most drug-resistant malignancies, and an effective therapy is lacking for metastatic RCC. Anisomycin is known to inhibit protein synthesis and induce ribotoxic stress. The aim of this study was to explore whether anisomycin enhances the cytotoxic effects of mapatumumab, a human agonistic monoclonal antibody specific for death receptor 4 (DR4), in human RCC cells. We examined the cytotoxicity of anisomycin alone and in combination with mapatumumab in human RCC cell lines and primary RCC cell cultures. RCC cells treated with anisomycin showed cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Anisomyin in combination with mapatumumab showed a synergistic effect not only in two human RCC cell lines but also in five primary RCC cell cultures. The synergy between anisomycin and mapatumumab for cytotoxicity was also observed for apoptosis. Interestingly, anisomycin significantly increased DR4 expression at both the mRNA and the protein level. Furthermore, the combination-induced cytotoxicity was significantly suppressed by a human recombinant DR4:Fc chimeric protein. The combination of anisomycin and mapatumumab also enhanced the activity of caspases 8 and 3, the downstream molecules of death receptors. These findings indicate that anisomycin sensitizes RCC cells to DR4-mediated apoptosis through the induction of DR4, suggesting that combinational treatment with anisomycin and mapatumumab might represent a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of RCC.
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18
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Prigozhina TB, Szafer F, Aronin A, Tzdaka K, Amsili S, Makdasi E, Shani N, Dranitzki Elhalel M. Fn14·TRAIL fusion protein is oligomerized by TWEAK into a superefficient TRAIL analog. Cancer Lett 2017; 400:99-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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19
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Naoum GE, Buchsbaum DJ, Tawadros F, Farooqi A, Arafat WO. Journey of TRAIL from Bench to Bedside and its Potential Role in Immuno-Oncology. Oncol Rev 2017; 11:332. [PMID: 28584572 PMCID: PMC5432952 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2017.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction of apoptosis in cancer cells has increasingly been the focus of many therapeutic approaches in oncology field. Since its identification as a TNF family member, TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) paved a new path in apoptosis inducing cancer therapies. Its selective ability to activate extrinsic and intrinsic cell death pathways in cancer cells only, independently from p53 mutations responsible for conventional therapeutics resistance, spotted TRAIL as a potent cancer apoptotic agent. Many recombinant preparations of TRAIL and death receptor targeting monoclonal antibodies have been developed and being tested pre-clinically and clinically both as a single agent and in combinations. Of note, the monoclonal antibodies were not the only type of antibodies developed to target TRAIL receptors. Recent technology has brought forth several single chain variable domains (scFv) designs fused recombinantly to TRAIL as well. Also, it is becoming progressively more understandable that field of nanotechnology has revolutionized cancer diagnosis and therapy. The recent breakthroughs in materials science and protein engineering have helped considerably in strategically loading drugs into nanoparticles or conjugating drugs to their surface. In this review we aim to comprehensively highlight the molecular knowledge of TRAIL in the context of its pathway, receptors and resistance factors. We also aim to review the clinical trials that have been done using TRAIL based therapies and to review various scFv designs, the arsenal of nano-carriers and molecules available to selectively target tumor cells with TRAIL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Waleed O. Arafat
- Alexandria Comprehensive Cancer Center, Alexandria, Egypt
- Univeristy of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
- University of Alexandria, Faculty of Medicine, Egypt
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20
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Arabpour M, Cool RH, Faber KN, Quax WJ, Haisma HJ. Receptor-specific TRAIL as a means to achieve targeted elimination of activated hepatic stellate cells. J Drug Target 2016; 25:360-369. [PMID: 27885847 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2016.1262867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are known to play a central role in liver fibrosis and their elimination is a crucial step toward the resolution and reversion of liver fibrosis. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a molecule that may contribute to the apoptotic removal of activated HSC through binding to its dedicated receptors. In the present study, we investigated the potential application of recombinant receptor-specific TRAIL proteins in the efficient elimination of activated HSCs. Our finding revealed differential contribution of TRAIL receptors among HSCs populations with activated hepatic stellate cells expresses more TRAIL receptors DR5. In vitro treatment of activated HSCs with DR5-specific or wild-type TRAIL variants induced a significant reduction in viability and extracellular matrix production, whereas no significant decrease in viability was associated with the treatment of cells by DR4-specific TRAIL. Our analysis indicate the successful application of the DR5 receptor-specific TRAIL variant in the targeted elimination of activated HSCs via interference with collagen production and simultaneous induction of apoptosis via activation of the caspase pathway. DR5 receptor-specific TRAIL may thus represent a new therapeutic compound for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Arabpour
- a Mivac Development , Arvid Wallgrens backe 20 , Gothenburg , Sweden.,b Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology , University of Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - Robbert H Cool
- b Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology , University of Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - Klaas Nico Faber
- c Department of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases , University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - Wim J Quax
- b Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology , University of Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - Hidde J Haisma
- b Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology , University of Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
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21
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Barnhart BC, Quigley M. Role of Fc-FcγR interactions in the antitumor activity of therapeutic antibodies. Immunol Cell Biol 2016; 95:340-346. [PMID: 27974746 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2016.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The use of antibody therapy for cancer has steadily increased in recent years and has become standard treatment for numerous tumor types. It is now appreciated that the clinical activity of these antibodies relies upon their specific interactions with Fc receptors in addition to the well-studied target-binding region. The interactions mediated by antibody Fc domains can strongly affect the functional outcome of antibody therapy. The Fc portion of an antibody defines its interaction with numerous immune cells and has become an intense area of research as selecting the optimal Fc can greatly enhance the activity as well as mechanism of action of therapeutic antibodies. Recent advances in antibody engineering have enabled the development of antibodies that have altered Fc receptor interactions to take advantage of these findings. Engineering the Fc can fulfill diverse functions such as enhancing effector function for killing of tumor cells or depletion of unwanted immune subsets, enhancing agonist receptor signaling on particular immune cells or eliminating interaction with Fc receptors to avoid cellular depletion or toxicity in normal tissues. This review highlights important data and studies examining the role of Fc-Fc receptor interactions in therapeutic antibodies with a considerations for the future of engineered antibody therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Quigley
- Immuno-Oncology Discovery Research, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
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22
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Wu Z, Zhan S, Fan W, Ding X, Wu X, Zhang W, Fu Y, Huang Y, Huang X, Chen R, Li M, Xu N, Zheng Y, Ding B. Peptide-Mediated Tumor Targeting by a Degradable Nano Gene Delivery Vector Based on Pluronic-Modified Polyethylenimine. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2016; 11:122. [PMID: 26932761 PMCID: PMC4773318 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1337-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is considered to be a promising non-viral gene delivery vector. To solve the toxicity versus efficacy and tumor-targeting challenges of PEI used as gene delivery vector, we constructed a novel non-viral vector DR5-TAT-modified Pluronic-PEI (Pluronic-PEI-DR5-TAT), which was based on the attachment of low-molecular-weight polyethylenimine (LMW-PEI) to the amphiphilic polymer Pluronic to prepare Pluronic-modified LMW-PEI (Pluronic-PEI). This was then conjugated to a multifunctional peptide containing a cell-penetrating peptide (TAT) and a synthetic peptide that would bind to DR5-a receptor that is overexpressed in cancer cells. The vector showed controlled degradation, favorable DNA condensation and protection performance. The Pluronic-PEI-DR5-TAT/DNA complexes at an N/P ratio of 15:1 were spherical nanoparticles of 122 ± 11.6 nm and a zeta potential of about 22 ± 2.8 mV. In vitro biological characterization results indicated that Pluronic-PEI-DR5-TAT/DNA complexes had a higher specificity for the DR5 receptor and were taken up more efficiently by tumor cells than normal cells, compared to complexes formed with PEI 25 kDa or Pluronic-PEI. Thus, the novel complexes showed much lower cytotoxicity to normal cells and higher gene transfection efficiency in tumor cells than that exhibited by PEI 25 kDa and Pluronic-PEI. In summary, our novel, degradable non-viral tumor-targeting vector is a promising candidate for use in gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyong Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiaxing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyu Zhan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Medical College of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, The 425th Hospital of PLA, Sanya, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueying Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghua Fu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Medical College of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueyan Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Medical College of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Medical College of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rubing Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Medical College of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Medical College of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningyin Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Medical College of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxia Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Medical College of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Baoyue Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Medical College of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Tummala S, Kumar MNS, Pindiprolu SK. Improved anti-tumor activity of oxaliplatin by encapsulating in anti-DR5 targeted gold nanoparticles. Drug Deliv 2016; 23:3505-3519. [DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2016.1199606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Tummala
- Department of Pharmacology, J.S.S. College of Pharmacy (off-Campus), J.S.S. University, Mysore, India
| | - M. N. Satish Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, J.S.S. College of Pharmacy (off-Campus), J.S.S. University, Mysore, India
| | - Sai Kiran Pindiprolu
- Department of Pharmacology, J.S.S. College of Pharmacy (off-Campus), J.S.S. University, Mysore, India
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24
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Overdijk MB, Jansen JHM, Nederend M, Lammerts van Bueren JJ, Groen RWJ, Parren PWHI, Leusen JHW, Boross P. The Therapeutic CD38 Monoclonal Antibody Daratumumab Induces Programmed Cell Death via Fcγ Receptor–Mediated Cross-Linking. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:807-13. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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25
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Brünker P, Wartha K, Friess T, Grau-Richards S, Waldhauer I, Koller CF, Weiser B, Majety M, Runza V, Niu H, Packman K, Feng N, Daouti S, Hosse RJ, Mössner E, Weber TG, Herting F, Scheuer W, Sade H, Shao C, Liu B, Wang P, Xu G, Vega-Harring S, Klein C, Bosslet K, Umaña P. RG7386, a Novel Tetravalent FAP-DR5 Antibody, Effectively Triggers FAP-Dependent, Avidity-Driven DR5 Hyperclustering and Tumor Cell Apoptosis. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:946-57. [PMID: 27037412 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated cellular apoptosis and resistance to cell death are hallmarks of neoplastic initiation and disease progression. Therefore, the development of agents that overcome apoptosis dysregulation in tumor cells is an attractive therapeutic approach. Activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway is strongly dependent on death receptor (DR) hyperclustering on the cell surface. However, strategies to activate DR5 or DR4 through agonistic antibodies have had only limited clinical success. To pursue an alternative approach for tumor-targeted induction of apoptosis, we engineered a bispecific antibody (BsAb), which simultaneously targets fibroblast-activation protein (FAP) on cancer-associated fibroblasts in tumor stroma and DR5 on tumor cells. We hypothesized that bivalent binding to both FAP and DR5 leads to avidity-driven hyperclustering of DR5 and subsequently strong induction of apoptosis in tumor cells but not in normal cells. Here, we show that RG7386, an optimized FAP-DR5 BsAb, triggers potent tumor cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo in preclinical tumor models with FAP-positive stroma. RG7386 antitumor efficacy was strictly FAP dependent, was independent of FcR cross-linking, and was superior to conventional DR5 antibodies. In combination with irinotecan or doxorubicin, FAP-DR5 treatment resulted in substantial tumor regression in patient-derived xenograft models. FAP-DR5 also demonstrated single-agent activity against FAP-expressing malignant cells, due to cross-binding of FAP and DR5 across tumor cells. Taken together, these data demonstrate that RG7386, a novel and potent antitumor agent in both mono- and combination therapies, overcomes limitations of previous DR5 antibodies and represents a promising approach to conquer tumor-associated resistance to apoptosis. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(5); 946-57. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Brünker
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Wartha
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Friess
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Grau-Richards
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Inja Waldhauer
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Ferrara Koller
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Weiser
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Meher Majety
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Valeria Runza
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Huifeng Niu
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center New York, New York, New York
| | - Kathryn Packman
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center New York, New York, New York
| | - Ningping Feng
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center New York, New York, New York
| | - Sherif Daouti
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center New York, New York, New York
| | - Ralf J Hosse
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Ekkehard Mössner
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Thomas G Weber
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Frank Herting
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Werner Scheuer
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Hadassah Sade
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Cuiying Shao
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Gary Xu
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Suzana Vega-Harring
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Christian Klein
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Bosslet
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Pablo Umaña
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.
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26
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Yuan CH, Filippova M, Krstenansky JL, Duerksen-Hughes PJ. Flavonol and imidazole derivatives block HPV16 E6 activities and reactivate apoptotic pathways in HPV⁺ cells. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:2060. [PMID: 26794656 PMCID: PMC5154303 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
High-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) cause nearly all cases of cervical cancer, as well as approximately 30% of head and neck cancers. HPV 16 E6, one of two major viral oncogenes, protects cells from apoptosis by binding to and accelerating the degradation of several proteins important in apoptotic signaling, including caspase 8 and p53. We proposed that blocking the interactions between HPV E6 and its partners using small molecules had the potential to re-sensitize HPV(+) cells to apoptosis. To test this idea, we screened libraries of small molecules for candidates that could block E6/caspase 8 binding and identified several candidates from different chemical classes. We tested hits for dose-dependency and specificity in vitro and for toxicity in a cell-based assay and then used this information to select the two best candidates for further testing: myricetin, a flavonol, and spinacine, an imidazole amino-acid derivative of histidine. Both compounds clearly inhibited the ability of E6 to bind in vitro to both caspase 8 and E6AP, the protein that mediates p53 degradation. In addition, both compounds were able to increase the level of caspase 8 and p53 in SiHa cervical cancer cells, resulting in an increase of caspase 3/7 activity. Finally, both myricetin and spinacine sensitized HPV(+) cervical and oral cancer cells, but not HPV(-) cervical and oral cancer cells, to apoptosis induced by the cancer-specific ligand TRAIL, as well as the chemotherapeutic agents doxorubicin and cisplatin. New therapies based on this work may improve treatment for HPV(+) cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-H Yuan
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11021 Campus Street, 101 Alumni Hall, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - M Filippova
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11021 Campus Street, 101 Alumni Hall, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - J L Krstenansky
- KGI School of Pharmacy, 535 Watson Drive, Claremont, CA 91711, USA
| | - P J Duerksen-Hughes
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11021 Campus Street, 101 Alumni Hall, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
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27
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Tamada T, Shinmi D, Ikeda M, Yonezawa Y, Kataoka S, Kuroki R, Mori E, Motoki K. TRAIL-R2 Superoligomerization Induced by Human Monoclonal Agonistic Antibody KMTR2. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17936. [PMID: 26672965 PMCID: PMC4682084 DOI: 10.1038/srep17936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The fully human monoclonal antibody KMTR2 acts as a strong direct agonist for tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2), which is capable of inducing apoptotic cell death without cross-linking. To investigate the mechanism of direct agonistic activity induced by KMTR2, the crystal structure of the extracellular region of TRAIL-R2 and a Fab fragment derived from KMTR2 (KMTR2-Fab) was determined to 2.1 Å resolution. Two KMTR2-Fabs assembled with the complementarity-determining region 2 of the light chain via two-fold crystallographic symmetry, suggesting that the KMTR2-Fab assembly tended to enhance TRAIL-R2 oligomerization. A single mutation at Asn53 to Arg located at the two-fold interface in the KMTR2 resulted in a loss of its apoptotic activity, although it retained its antigen-binding activity. These results indicate that the strong agonistic activity, such as apoptotic signaling and tumor regression, induced by KMTR2 is attributed to TRAIL-R2 superoligomerization induced by the interdimerization of KMTR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Tamada
- Quantum Beam Science Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4, Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shinmi
- Research Core Function Laboratories, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., 3-6-6, Asahi-machi, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8533, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ikeda
- Immunology &Allergy Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., 3-6-6, Asahi-machi, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8533, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yonezawa
- Quantum Beam Science Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4, Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Shiro Kataoka
- Business Development Department, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., 1-6-1, Ohtemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-8185, Japan
| | - Ryota Kuroki
- Quantum Beam Science Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4, Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Eiji Mori
- R&D Planning Department, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., 1-6-1, Ohtemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-8185, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Motoki
- Oncology Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., 3-6-6, Asahi-machi, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8533, Japan
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Yu R, Albarenque SM, Cool RH, Quax WJ, Mohr A, Zwacka RM. DR4 specific TRAIL variants are more efficacious than wild-type TRAIL in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 15:1658-66. [PMID: 25482930 DOI: 10.4161/15384047.2014.972183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Current treatment modalities for pancreatic carcinoma afford only modest survival benefits. TRAIL, as a potent and specific inducer of apoptosis in cancer cells, would be a promising new treatment option. However, since not all pancreatic cancer cells respond to TRAIL, further improvements and optimizations are still needed. One strategy to improve the effectiveness of TRAIL-based therapies is to specifically target one of the 2 cell death inducing TRAIL-receptors, TRAIL-R1 or TRAIL-R2 to overcome resistance. To this end, we designed constructs expressing soluble TRAIL (sTRAIL) variants that were rendered specific for either TRAIL-R1 or TRAIL-R2 by amino acid changes in the TRAIL ectodomain. When we expressed these constructs, including wild-type sTRAIL (sTRAIL(wt)), TRAIL-R1 (sTRAIL(DR4)) and TRAIL-R2 (sTRAIL(DR5)) specific variants, in 293 producer cells we found all to be readily expressed and secreted into the supernatant. These supernatants were subsequently transferred onto target cancer cells and apoptosis measured. We found that the TRAIL-R1 specific variant had higher apoptosis-inducing activity in human pancreatic carcinoma Colo357 cells as well as PancTu1 cells that were additionally sensitized by targeting of XIAP. Finally, we tested TRAIL-R1 specific recombinant TRAIL protein (rTRAIL(DR4)) on Colo357 xenografts in nude mice and found them to be more efficacious than rTRAIL(wt). Our results demonstrate the benefits of synthetic biological approaches and show that TRAIL-R1 specific variants can potentially enhance the therapeutic efficacy of TRAIL-based therapies in pancreatic cancer, suggesting that they can possibly become part of individualized and tumor specific combination treatments in the future.
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Key Words
- AML, Acute myeloid leukemia
- ANOVA, Analysis of variance between groups
- Apoptosis
- BSA, Bovine Serum Albumin
- Bcl-xL, B-cell lymphoma-extra large
- CMV, Cytomegalie virus
- CuZnSOD, Copper-Zinc Superoxide Dismutase
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
- DNA, Deoxyribonucleic acid
- DR4 specific TRAIL variant
- EGFP, Enhanced green fluorescent protein
- ELISA, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- FACS, Fluorescence-activated cell sorting
- FADD, Fas-associated protein with death domain
- FBS, Fetal bovine serum
- FIB, Fibrillin
- FLIP, FLICE-like inhibitory protein
- Furin CS, Furin cleavage site
- IFN-g, Interferon-gamma
- ILZ, Isoleucine zipper
- MSC, Mesenchymal stem cell
- NF-κB, Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- OPG, Osteoprogerin
- PBS, Phosphate buffered saline
- PCR, Polymerase chain reaction
- RANKL, Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand
- RNAi, RNA interference
- RPMI 1640 medium, Roswell Park Memorial Institute 1640 medium
- SDS, Sodium dodecyl sulphate
- SDS-PAGE, SDS-Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- SEM, Standard error of the mean
- TNF, Tumor necrosis factor
- TRAIL
- TRAIL receptor
- TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand
- TRAIL-R1/DR4, TRAIL-receptor 1/Death – receptor 4
- TRAIL-R2/DR5, TRAIL-receptor 2/ Death – receptor 5
- TRAIL-R3/DcR1, TRAIL-receptor 3/Decoy-receptor 1
- TRAIL-R4/DcR2, TRAIL-receptor 4/Decoy-receptor 2
- XIAP
- XIAP, X-linked Inhibitor of apoptosis protein
- pancreatic cancer
- rTRAIL, recombinant TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand
- sTRAIL, soluble TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand
- sh-sequence, short-hairpin sequence
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yu
- a National University of Ireland; Galway; National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science and Apoptosis Research Centre; Molecular Therapeutics Group ; Galway , Ireland
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Mohr A, Yu R, Zwacka RM. TRAIL-receptor preferences in pancreatic cancer cells revisited: Both TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 have a licence to kill. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:494. [PMID: 26138346 PMCID: PMC4489125 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1508-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TRAIL is a potent and specific inducer of apoptosis in tumour cells and therefore is a possible new cancer treatment. It triggers apoptosis by binding to its cognate, death-inducing receptors, TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2. In order to increase its activity, receptor-specific ligands and agonistic antibodies have been developed and some cancer types, including pancreatic cancer, have been reported to respond preferentially to TRAIL-R1 triggering. The aim of the present study was to examine an array of TRAIL-receptor specific variants on a number of pancreatic cancer cells and test the generality of the concept of TRAIL-R1 preference in these cells. METHODS TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 specific sTRAIL variants were designed and tested on a number of pancreatic cancer cells for their TRAIL-receptor preference. These sTRAIL variants were produced in HEK293 cells and were secreted into the medium. After having measured and normalised the different sTRAIL variant concentrations, they were applied to pancreatic and control cancer cells. Twenty-four hours later apoptosis was measured by DNA hypodiploidy assays. Furthermore, the specificities of the sTRAIL variants were validated in HCT116 cells that were silenced either for TRAIL-R1 or TRAIL-R2. RESULTS Our results show that some pancreatic cancer cells use TRAIL-R1 to induce cell death, whereas other pancreatic carcinoma cells such as AsPC-1 and BxPC-3 cells trigger apoptosis via TRAIL-R2. This observation extended to cells that were naturally TRAIL-resistant and had to be sensitised by silencing of XIAP (Panc1 cells). The measurement of TRAIL-receptor expression by FACS revealed no correlation between receptor preferences and the relative levels of TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 on the cellular surface. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that TRAIL-receptor preferences in pancreatic cancer cells are variable and that predictions according to cancer type are difficult and that determining factors to inform the optimal TRAIL-based treatments still have to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mohr
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Rui Yu
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, P.R. China.
| | - Ralf M Zwacka
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom.
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DiLillo DJ, Ravetch JV. Fc-Receptor Interactions Regulate Both Cytotoxic and Immunomodulatory Therapeutic Antibody Effector Functions. Cancer Immunol Res 2015; 3:704-13. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-15-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Trivedi R, Mishra DP. Trailing TRAIL Resistance: Novel Targets for TRAIL Sensitization in Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2015; 5:69. [PMID: 25883904 PMCID: PMC4382980 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs is the major hindrance in the successful cancer therapy. The tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family of ligands, which initiates apoptosis in cancer cells through interaction with the death receptors DR4 and DR5. TRAIL is perceived as an attractive chemotherapeutic agent as it specifically targets cancer cells while sparing the normal cells. However, TRAIL therapy has a major limitation as a large number of the cancer develop resistance toward TRAIL and escape from the destruction by the immune system. Therefore, elucidation of the molecular targets and signaling pathways responsible for TRAIL resistance is imperative for devising effective therapeutic strategies for TRAIL resistant cancers. Although, various molecular targets leading to TRAIL resistance are well-studied, recent studies have implicated that the contribution of some key cellular processes toward TRAIL resistance need to be fully elucidated. These processes primarily include aberrant protein synthesis, protein misfolding, ubiquitin regulated death receptor expression, metabolic pathways, epigenetic deregulation, and metastasis. Novel synthetic/natural compounds that could inhibit these defective cellular processes may restore the TRAIL sensitivity and combination therapies with such compounds may resensitize TRAIL resistant cancer cells toward TRAIL-induced apoptosis. In this review, we have summarized the key cellular processes associated with TRAIL resistance and their status as therapeutic targets for novel TRAIL-sensitizing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Trivedi
- Cell Death Research Laboratory, Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
| | - Durga Prasad Mishra
- Cell Death Research Laboratory, Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
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Peng X, Hughes EG, Moscato EH, Parsons TD, Dalmau J, Balice-Gordon RJ. Cellular plasticity induced by anti-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor encephalitis antibodies. Ann Neurol 2015; 77:381-98. [PMID: 25369168 PMCID: PMC4365686 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective Autoimmune-mediated anti–α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) encephalitis is a severe but treatment-responsive disorder with prominent short-term memory loss and seizures. The mechanisms by which patient antibodies affect synapses and neurons leading to symptoms are poorly understood. Methods The effects of patient antibodies on cultures of live rat hippocampal neurons were determined with immunostaining, Western blot, and electrophysiological analyses. Results We show that patient antibodies cause a selective decrease in the total surface amount and synaptic localization of GluA1- and GluA2-containing AMPARs, regardless of receptor subunit binding specificity, through increased internalization and degradation of surface AMPAR clusters. In contrast, patient antibodies do not alter the density of excitatory synapses, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) clusters, or cell viability. Commercially available AMPAR antibodies directed against extracellular epitopes do not result in a loss of surface and synaptic receptor clusters, suggesting specific effects of patient antibodies. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings of spontaneous miniature postsynaptic currents show that patient antibodies decrease AMPAR-mediated currents, but not NMDAR-mediated currents. Interestingly, several functional properties of neurons are also altered: inhibitory synaptic currents and vesicular γ-aminobutyric acid transporter (vGAT) staining intensity decrease, whereas the intrinsic excitability of neurons and short-interval firing increase. Interpretation These results establish that antibodies from patients with anti-AMPAR encephalitis selectively eliminate surface and synaptic AMPARs, resulting in a homeostatic decrease in inhibitory synaptic transmission and increased intrinsic excitability, which may contribute to the memory deficits and epilepsy that are prominent in patients with this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Peng
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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The tetravalent anti-DR5 antibody without cross-linking direct induces apoptosis of cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2014; 70:41-5. [PMID: 25776477 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand can induce apoptosis in many tumor cell lines. This apoptotic effect is mediated by interaction of TRAIL and its receptors, which include Death Receptor 4 (DR4) and Death Receptor 5 (DR5). Some antibodies to DR4 or DR5 do not have anti-tumor ability without cross-linking but exhibit anti-tumor ability in the presence of a cross-linking reagent. Here, we suggest that the tetravalent anti-DR5 antibody can induce apoptosis of cancer cells independent of cross-linking reagent. The single-chain variable fragment of the anti-DR5 antibody, HSA (human serum albumin) - p53 gene, comprising residues 490-513 of HSA and the tetramerization domain of human p53 were assembled into the tetravalent antibody by an overlapping PCR. Results of size exclusion HPLC indicated that the purified protein exhibited a major peak (tetramer) and a minor peak (dimer). MTT assay demonstrated the tetravalent antibody without cross-linking could inhibit survival of Jurkat and EC9706 cells in a dose-dependent manner while the monovalent antibody could not inhibit survival of Jurkat and EC9706 cells. IC50 of Jurkat cell was 3.2 mg/L and IC50 of EC9706 cell was 3.9 mg/L. Furthermore, the Annexin V/PI assay and the Hoechst 33258 staining showed that the tetravalent antibody could efficiently induce apoptosis of Jurkat and EC9706 cells. Therefore, the tetravalent anti-DR5 antibody can act as a direct agonistic antibody, and initiate efficient apoptotic independent of cross-linking reagent. Thus, the tetravalent anti-DR5 antibody will be a new kind of candidate for potential cancer therapeutics.
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Ahmed SMU, Wu X, Jin X, Zhang X, Togo Y, Suzuki T, Li Y, Kanematsu A, Nojima M, Yamamoto S, Sugimoto M, Kakehi Y. Synergistic induction of apoptosis by mapatumumab and anthracyclines in human bladder cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2014; 33:566-72. [PMID: 25483927 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) triggers apoptosis in a variety of tumor cells by engaging the death receptors 4 (DR4) and 5 (DR5). We investigated the effect of chemotherapeutic drugs on DR4-mediated apoptosis in human bladder cancer cells, using a human monoclonal agonistic antibody specific for DR4, mapatumumab. Cytotoxicity was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Synergy was assessed by isobolographic analysis. Treatment of human bladder cancer T24 cells with mapatumumab in combination with mitomycin C, vinblastine or gemcitabine did not overcome resistance to these agents. However, treatment with mapatumumab in combination with epirubicin (EPI) had a synergistic cytotoxic effect. Synergy was also obtained in KU7 and RT112 human bladder cancer cells. A synergistic effect was also observed with mapatumumab in combination with pirarubicin. The synergy obtained in cytotoxicity with mapatumumab and EPI was also achieved in apoptosis. EPI markedly increased DR4 expression in the bladder cancer cells at both the mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, the combination-induced cytotoxicity was significantly suppressed by the DR4:Fc chimeric protein. The combination of EPI and mapatumumab significantly activated the caspase cascade, including caspase-8, -9 and -3, which are the downstream molecules of death receptors. These findings indicate that EPI sensitizes bladder cancer cells to DR4-mediated apoptosis through induction of DR4 and activation of caspases, suggesting that the combination therapy of EPI and mapatumumab may be effective for bladder cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Minhaj Uddin Ahmed
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Xiuxian Wu
- Department of Urology, Hyogo Medical College, Nishinomiya City, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Xinghua Jin
- Department of Urology, Hyogo Medical College, Nishinomiya City, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Togo
- Department of Urology, Hyogo Medical College, Nishinomiya City, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Toru Suzuki
- Department of Urology, Hyogo Medical College, Nishinomiya City, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Yongnan Li
- Department of Urology, Hyogo Medical College, Nishinomiya City, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kanematsu
- Department of Urology, Hyogo Medical College, Nishinomiya City, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Mikio Nojima
- Department of Urology, Hyogo Medical College, Nishinomiya City, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Shingo Yamamoto
- Department of Urology, Hyogo Medical College, Nishinomiya City, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Mikio Sugimoto
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kakehi
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
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Pincetic A, Bournazos S, DiLillo DJ, Maamary J, Wang TT, Dahan R, Fiebiger BM, Ravetch JV. Type I and type II Fc receptors regulate innate and adaptive immunity. Nat Immunol 2014; 15:707-16. [PMID: 25045879 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies produced in response to a foreign antigen are characterized by polyclonality, not only in the diverse epitopes to which their variable domains bind but also in the various effector molecules to which their constant regions (Fc domains) engage. Thus, the antibody's Fc domain mediates diverse effector activities by engaging two distinct classes of Fc receptors (type I and type II) on the basis of the two dominant conformational states that the Fc domain may adopt. These conformational states are regulated by the differences among antibody subclasses in their amino acid sequence and by the complex, biantennary Fc-associated N-linked glycan. Here we discuss the diverse downstream proinflammatory, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory consequences of the engagement of type I and type II Fc receptors in the context of infectious, autoimmune, and neoplastic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Pincetic
- 1] The Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA. [2]
| | - Stylianos Bournazos
- 1] The Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA. [2]
| | - David J DiLillo
- 1] The Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA. [2]
| | - Jad Maamary
- The Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Taia T Wang
- The Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rony Dahan
- The Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey V Ravetch
- The Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
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van Roosmalen IAM, Quax WJ, Kruyt FAE. Two death-inducing human TRAIL receptors to target in cancer: similar or distinct regulation and function? Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 91:447-56. [PMID: 25150214 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The emergence during evolution of two tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptors, receptor-1/DR4 and -2/DR5, able to induce apoptosis has raised the question whether they differ in function and regulation, which is of key importance for selecting either DR4 or DR5 selective pro-apoptotic agents for cancer treatment. In this review we found practically no information regarding possible differences in DR4 and DR5 function based on structural differences. On the other hand, a panel of different DR4 or DR5 selective pro-apoptotic agonists have been developed that were explored for efficacy in different tumour types in a large number of studies. Leukemic cells appear mainly sensitive for DR4-induced apoptosis, contrasting the situation in other tumour types that show heterogeneity in receptor preference and, in some cases, a slight overall preference for DR5. Both receptors were found to mediate intracellular stress-induced apoptosis, although this is most frequently reported for DR5. Interestingly, DR5 was also found to transmit non-apoptotic signalling in resistant tumour cells and recently nuclear localization and a role in microRNA maturation has been described. DR4 expression is most heavily regulated by promoter methylation, intracellular trafficking and post-translational modifications. DR5 expression is predominantly regulated at the transcriptional level, which may reflect its ability to respond to cellular stressors. It will be important to further increase our understanding of the mechanisms determining TRAIL receptor preference in order to select the appropriate TRAIL receptor selective agonists for therapy, and to develop novel strategies to enhance apoptosis activation in tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid A M van Roosmalen
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim J Quax
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank A E Kruyt
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Graves JD, Kordich JJ, Huang TH, Piasecki J, Bush TL, Sullivan T, Foltz IN, Chang W, Douangpanya H, Dang T, O'Neill JW, Mallari R, Zhao X, Branstetter DG, Rossi JM, Long AM, Huang X, Holland PM. Apo2L/TRAIL and the death receptor 5 agonist antibody AMG 655 cooperate to promote receptor clustering and antitumor activity. Cancer Cell 2014; 26:177-89. [PMID: 25043603 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Death receptor agonist therapies have exhibited limited clinical benefit to date. Investigations into why Apo2L/TRAIL and AMG 655 preclinical data were not predictive of clinical response revealed that coadministration of Apo2L/TRAIL with AMG 655 leads to increased antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. The combination of Apo2L/TRAIL and AMG 655 results in enhanced signaling and can sensitize Apo2L/TRAIL-resistant cells. Structure determination of the Apo2L/TRAIL-DR5-AMG 655 ternary complex illustrates how higher order clustering of DR5 is achieved when both agents are combined. Enhanced agonism generated by combining Apo2L/TRAIL and AMG 655 provides insight into the limited efficacy observed in previous clinical trials and suggests testable hypotheses to reconsider death receptor agonism as a therapeutic strategy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Drug Synergism
- Humans
- Mice
- Models, Molecular
- Protein Multimerization
- Protein Structure, Quaternary
- Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/chemistry
- Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/chemistry
- TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/pharmacology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tzu-Hsuan Huang
- Therapeutic Innovation Unit, Amgen Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Julia Piasecki
- Therapeutic Innovation Unit, Amgen Inc., Seattle, WA 98119, USA
| | - Tammy L Bush
- Therapeutic Innovation Unit, Amgen Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Timothy Sullivan
- Therapeutic Innovation Unit, Amgen Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ian N Foltz
- Department of Biologic Discovery, Amgen British Columbia, Burnaby, BC V5A 1V7, Canada
| | - Wesley Chang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Thu Dang
- Therapeutic Innovation Unit, Amgen Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jason W O'Neill
- Department of Biologic Optimization, Amgen Inc., Seattle, WA 98119, USA
| | - Rommel Mallari
- Department of Molecular Structure and Characterization, Amgen, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Xiaoning Zhao
- Department of Molecular Structure and Characterization, Amgen, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | | | - John M Rossi
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Computational Biology, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Alexander M Long
- Department of Molecular Structure and Characterization, Amgen Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Molecular Structure and Characterization, Amgen Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Pamela M Holland
- Therapeutic Innovation Unit, Amgen Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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Tumor-necrosis-factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 818:167-80. [PMID: 25001536 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4471-6458-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The concept to exploit death receptors for cancer therapy is very attractive, since these cell surface receptors have a direct connection to the intracellular cell death machinery. Among the death receptor superfamily, the tumor-necrosis-factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptor/ligand system is of special interest. TRAIL receptor agonists have recently entered the stage of clinical evaluation for the treatment of human cancers. Further insights into the regulatory mechanisms of TRAIL signaling will help to better understand the determinants of TRAIL sensitivity versus resistance of human cancers.
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White AL, Beers SA, Cragg MS. FcγRIIB as a key determinant of agonistic antibody efficacy. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2014; 382:355-72. [PMID: 25116108 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-07911-0_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Fc gamma Receptor (FcγR) IIB (CD32B) is an immunoreceptor tyrosine inhibitory motif (ITIM)-bearing Fc receptor that is involved in abrogating the signalling and function delivered from other receptors; archetypally those arising from other, activatory, FcγR and from the B cell receptor (BCR) for antigen. In the context of immunotherapy, it has convincingly been shown to limit a variety of clinically important therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAb) such as rituximab and trastuzumab in preclinical models. However, recent exploration of so-called immunomodulatory mAb, for example agonist mAb directed against various members of the TNFR super-family, has cast new light on the ability of FcγRIIB to regulate immune responses and immunotherapy. These data, accumulated by several independent groups, have shown the seemingly paradoxical ability of FcγRIIB to augment or even be absolutely required for the activity of this class of mAb. In this review we highlight the key role of FcγRIIB in regulating agonistic mAb, detail the likely mechanism of action and propose new ways in which this information may be exploited therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann L White
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Antibody and Vaccine Group (MP88), Faculty of Medicine, Southampton University, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
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Micheau O, Shirley S, Dufour F. Death receptors as targets in cancer. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 169:1723-44. [PMID: 23638798 PMCID: PMC3753832 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Anti-tumour therapies based on the use pro-apoptotic receptor agonists, including TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) or monoclonal antibodies targeting TRAIL-R1 or TRAIL-R2, have been disappointing so far, despite clear evidence of clinical activity and lack of adverse events for the vast majority of these compounds, whether combined or not with conventional or targeted anti-cancer therapies. This brief review aims at discussing the possible reasons for the lack of apparent success of these therapeutic approaches and at providing hints in order to rationally design optimal protocols based on our current understanding of TRAIL signalling regulation or resistance for future clinical trials. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Emerging Therapeutic Aspects in Oncology. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2013.169.issue-8.
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White AL, Chan HTC, French RR, Beers SA, Cragg MS, Johnson PWM, Glennie MJ. FcγRΙΙB controls the potency of agonistic anti-TNFR mAbs. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2013; 62:941-8. [PMID: 23543215 PMCID: PMC11029075 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-013-1398-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Isotype plays a crucial role in therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) function, mediated in large part through differences in Fcγ receptor (FcγR) interaction. Monoclonal Abs such as rituximab and alemtuzumab, which bind target cells directly, are designed for efficient recruitment of immune effector cells through their activatory FcγR engagement to mediate maximal target cell killing. In this setting, binding to inhibitory FcγRIIB is thought to inhibit function, making mAbs with high activatory/inhibitory (A/I) FcγR binding ratios, such as mouse IgG2a and human IgG1, the first choice for this role. In contrast, exciting new data show that agonistic mAbs directed against the tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily member CD40 require interaction with FcγRIIB for in vivo function. Such ligation activates antigen-presenting cells, promotes myeloid and CTL responses and potentially stimulates effective anti-cancer immunity. It appears that the role of FcγRIIB is to mediate mAb hyper-crosslinking to allow CD40 downstream intracellular signalling. Previous work has shown that mAbs directed against other TNFR family members, Fas and death receptor 5 and probably death receptor 4, also require FcγRIIB hyper-crosslinking to promote target cell apoptosis, suggesting a common mechanism of action. In mouse models, IgG1 is optimal for these agents as it binds to FcγRIIB with tenfold higher affinity than IgG2a and hence has a relatively low A:I FcγR binding ratio. In contrast, human IgG isotypes have a universally low affinity for FcγRIIB, but in the case of human IgG1, engineering the Fc to increase its affinity for FcγRIIB can potentially overcome this problem. Thus, modifying the A/I binding ratio of human IgG Fc can be used to optimise different types of therapeutic activity by enhancing cytotoxic or hyper-crosslinking function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann L White
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, MP88, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton University Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 0XA, UK.
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den Hollander MW, Gietema JA, de Jong S, Walenkamp AM, Reyners AK, Oldenhuis CN, de Vries EG. Translating TRAIL-receptor targeting agents to the clinic. Cancer Lett 2013; 332:194-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Delivery of sTRAIL variants by MSCs in combination with cytotoxic drug treatment leads to p53-independent enhanced antitumor effects. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e503. [PMID: 23429289 PMCID: PMC3734822 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are able to infiltrate tumor tissues and thereby effectively deliver gene therapeutic payloads. Here, we engineered murine MSCs (mMSCs) to express a secreted form of the TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), which is a potent inducer of apoptosis in tumor cells, and tested these MSCs, termed MSC.sTRAIL, in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic drug treatment in colon cancer models. When we pretreated human colorectal cancer HCT116 cells with low doses of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and added MSC.sTRAIL, we found significantly increased apoptosis as compared with single-agent treatment. Moreover, HCT116 xenografts, which were cotreated with 5-FU and systemically delivered MSC.sTRAIL, went into remission. Noteworthy, this effect was protein 53 (p53) independent and was mediated by TRAIL-receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2) upregulation, demonstrating the applicability of this approach in p53-defective tumors. Consequently, when we generated MSCs that secreted TRAIL-R2-specific variants of soluble TRAIL (sTRAIL), we found that such engineered MSCs, labeled MSC.sTRAIL(DR5), had enhanced antitumor activity in combination with 5-FU when compared with MSC.sTRAIL. In contrast, TRAIL-resistant pancreatic carcinoma PancTu1 cells responded better to MSC.sTRAIL(DR4) when the antiapoptotic protein XIAP (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein) was silenced concomitantly. Taken together, our results demonstrate that TRAIL-receptor selective variants can potentially enhance the therapeutic efficacy of MSC-delivered TRAIL as part of individualized and tumor-specific combination treatments.
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Quintavalle C, Donnarumma E, Iaboni M, Roscigno G, Garofalo M, Romano G, Fiore D, De Marinis P, Croce CM, Condorelli G. Effect of miR-21 and miR-30b/c on TRAIL-induced apoptosis in glioma cells. Oncogene 2012; 32:4001-8. [PMID: 22964638 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most frequent brain tumor in adults and is the most lethal form of human cancer. Despite the improvements in treatments, survival of patients remains poor. To define novel pathways that regulate susceptibility to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in glioma, we have performed genome-wide expression profiling of microRNAs (miRs). We show that in TRAIL-resistant glioma cells, levels of different miRs are increased, and in particular, miR-30b/c and -21. We demonstrate that these miRs impair TRAIL-dependent apoptosis by inhibiting the expression of key functional proteins. T98G-sensitive cells treated with miR-21 or -30b/c become resistant to TRAIL. Furthermore, we demonstrate that miR-30b/c and miR-21 target respectively the 3' untranslated region of caspase-3 and TAp63 mRNAs, and that those proteins mediate some of the effects of miR-30 and -21 on TRAIL resistance, even in human glioblastoma primary cells and in lung cancer cells. In conclusion, we show that high expression levels of miR-21 and -30b/c are needed to maintain the TRAIL-resistant phenotype, thus making these miRs as promising therapeutic targets for TRAIL resistance in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Quintavalle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathology, 'Federico II' University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Li F, Ravetch JV. A general requirement for FcγRIIB co-engagement of agonistic anti-TNFR antibodies. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:3343-4. [PMID: 22918247 PMCID: PMC3466534 DOI: 10.4161/cc.21842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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Qiao C, Hu M, Guo L, Lv M, Lin Z, Geng J, Lang X, Li X, Li Y, Ma Y, Feng J, Shen B. Structural basis of LaDR5, a novel agonistic anti-death receptor 5 (DR5) monoclonal antibody, to inhibit DR5/TRAIL complex formation. BMC Immunol 2012; 13:40. [PMID: 22788777 PMCID: PMC3436762 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-13-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As a member of the TNF superfamily, TRAIL could induce human tumor cell apoptosis through its cognate death receptors DR4 or DR5, which can induce formation of the death inducing signaling complex (DISC) and activation of the membrane proximal caspases (caspase-8 or caspase-10) and mitochondrial pathway. Some monoclonal antibodies against DR4 or DR5 have been reported to have anti-tumor activity. Results In this study, we reported a novel mouse anti-human DR5 monoclonal antibody, named as LaDR5, which could compete with TRAIL to bind DR5 and induce the apoptosis of Jurkat cells in the absence of second cross-linking in vitro. Using computer-guided molecular modeling method, the 3-D structure of LaDR5 Fv fragment was constructed. According to the crystal structure of DR5, the 3-D complex structure of DR5 and LaDR5 was modeled using molecular docking method. Based on distance geometry method and intermolecular hydrogen bonding analysis, the key functional domain in DR5 was predicted and the DR5 mutants were designed. And then, three mutants of DR5 was expressed in prokaryotic system and purified by affinity chromatograph to determine the epitope of DR5 identified by LaDR5, which was consistent with the theoretical results of computer-aided analysis. Conclusions Our results demonstrated the specific epitope located in DR5 that plays a crucial role in antibody binding and even antineoplastic bioactivity. Meanwhile, revealed structural features of DR5 may be important to design or screen novel drugs agonist DR5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Qiao
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
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Apoptotic and antitumor activity of death receptor antibodies require inhibitory Fcγ receptor engagement. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:10966-71. [PMID: 22723355 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1208698109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
By virtue of their ability to induce apoptosis and regulate growth, differentiation, and cytokine responses, the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily members have emerged as attractive targets for anticancer therapeutics. Agonistic antibodies to apoptosis-inducing TNFRs, such as death receptor 5 (DR5), although displaying impressive activities against a variety of tumors in preclinical models, appear to be less active in clinical trials. We report that the in vivo apoptotic and antitumor activities of these antibodies have an absolute requirement for the coengagement of an inhibitory Fcγ receptor, FcγRIIB. Anti-DR5 antibodies of the type currently in clinical trials have weak FcγRIIB binding and thus are compromised in their proapoptotic and antitumor activities in both colon and breast carcinoma models. Enhancing FcγRIIB engagement increases apoptotic and antitumor potency. Our results demonstrate that Fc domain interactions are critical to the therapeutic activity of anti-DR5 antibodies and, together with previous reports on agonistic anti-CD40 antibodies, establish a common requirement for FcγRIIB coengagement for optimal biological effects of agonistic anti-TNFR antibodies.
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Delineation of apoptotic genes for synergistic apoptosis of lexatumumab and anthracyclines in human renal cell carcinoma cells by polymerase chain reaction array. Anticancer Drugs 2012; 23:445-54. [DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e32834fd796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ding B, Wu X, Fan W, Wu Z, Gao J, Zhang W, Ma L, Xiang W, Zhu Q, Liu J, Ding X, Gao S. Anti-DR5 monoclonal antibody-mediated DTIC-loaded nanoparticles combining chemotherapy and immunotherapy for malignant melanoma: target formulation development and in vitro anticancer activity. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:1991-2005. [PMID: 21976975 PMCID: PMC3181059 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s24094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The increased incidence of malignant melanoma in recent decades, along with its high mortality rate and pronounced resistance to therapy pose an enormous challenge. Novel therapeutic strategies, such as immunotherapy and targeted therapy, are urgently needed for melanoma. In this study, a new active targeting drug delivery system was constructed to combine chemotherapy and active specific immunotherapy. Methods The chemotherapeutic drug, dacarbazine (DTIC), that induces apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway which typically responds to severe DNA damage, was used as a model drug to prepare DTIC-loaded polylactic acid (PLA) nanoparticles (DTIC-NPs), which were covalently conjugated to a highly specific targeting functional TRAIL-receptor 2 (DR5) monoclonal antibody (mAb) that can contribute directly to cancer cell apoptosis or growth inhibition through the extrinsic pathway. Results Our in vitro experiments demonstrated that DTIC-PLA-DR5 mAb nanoparticles (DTIC-NPs-DR5 mAb) are an active targeting drug delivery system which can specifically target DR5-overexpressing malignant melanoma cells and become efficiently internalized. Most strikingly, compared with conventional DTIC-NPs, DTIC-NPs-DR5 mAb showed significantly enhanced cytotoxicity and increased cell apoptosis in DR5-positive malignant melanoma cells. Conclusion The DTIC-NPs-DR5 mAb described in this paper might be a potential formulation for targeting chemotherapy and immunotherapy to DR5-overexpressing metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyue Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai
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Li F, Ravetch JV. Inhibitory Fcγ receptor engagement drives adjuvant and anti-tumor activities of agonistic CD40 antibodies. Science 2011; 333:1030-4. [PMID: 21852502 DOI: 10.1126/science.1206954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CD40, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily, is expressed on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and is essential for immune activation. Although agonistic CD40 antibodies have been developed for immunotherapy, their clinical efficacy has been limited. We have found that coengagement of the Fc domain of agonistic CD40 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with the inhibitory Fcγ receptor FcγRIIB is required for immune activation. Direct comparison of mAbs to CD40 enhanced for activating FcγR binding, hence capable of cytotoxicity, or for inhibitory FcγRIIB binding, revealed that enhancing FcγRIIB binding conferred immunostimulatory activity and considerably greater anti-tumor responses. This unexpected requirement for FcγRIIB in enhancing CD40-mediated immune activation has direct implications for the design of agonistic antibodies to TNFR as therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fubin Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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