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Pan H, Ji Q, Zhao M, Zheng Z, Lu X, Feng Y, Gan L, Ye J, Wan J, Ye D. IL-12p40 deletion reduces M1 macrophage polarization and alleviates cardiac remodeling via regulating Th17 cells differentiation, but not γδT 17 cells, in TAC mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 974:176602. [PMID: 38677538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interleukin (IL) -12 p40 subunit is the common subunit of IL-12 and IL-23. It affects the immune inflammatory response, which may be closely related to cardiac remodeling. In this study, the regulatory effect of IL-12p40 knockout (KO) on cardiac remodeling was investigated, and the underlying mechanism was explored. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice were subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) to establish a model of cardiac remodeling. First, IL-12p40 was deleted to observe its effects on cardiac remodeling and cardiac inflammation, and the results showed that IL-12p40 deletion reduced both T helper 17 (Th17) and γδT17 cell differentiation, decreased proinflammatory macrophage differentiation, alleviated cardiac remodeling, and relieved cardiac dysfunction in TAC mice. Next, we explored whether IL-17 regulated TAC-induced cardiac remodeling, and the results showed that IL-17 neutralization alleviated proinflammatory macrophage differentiation and cardiac remodeling in IL-12p40 knockout mice and WT mice. Neutralization with cluster of differentiation 4 receptor (CD4) and γδ T-cell receptor (γδTCR) antibodies inhibited pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization and improved cardiac remodeling, and CD4 neutralizing antibody (NAb) had more significant effects. Finally, adoptive transfer of Th17 cells aggravated proinflammatory macrophage differentiation and cardiac remodeling in TAC-treated CD4 KO mice, while neutralization with the IL-12p40 antibody alleviated these pathological changes. CONCLUSION Mainly Th17 cells but not γδT17 cells secrete IL-17, which mediates IL-12p40, promotes the polarization of proinflammatory macrophages, and exacerbates cardiac remodeling in TAC mice. IL-12p40 may be a potential target for the prevention and treatment of cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Qingwei Ji
- People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530000, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zihui Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiyi Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yongqi Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Liren Gan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Di Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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2
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Atteih SE, Armbruster CR, Hilliam Y, Rapsinski GJ, Bhusal JK, Krainz LL, Gaston JR, DuPont M, Zemke AC, Alcorn JF, Moore JA, Cooper VS, Lee SE, Forno E, Bomberger JM. Effects of highly effective modulator therapy on the dynamics of the respiratory mucosal environment and inflammatory response in cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2024; 59:1266-1273. [PMID: 38353361 PMCID: PMC11058019 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the widespread initiation of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) has led to dramatic clinical improvements among persons with cystic fibrosis (pwCF), little is known about how ETI affects the respiratory mucosal inflammatory and physiochemical environment, or how these changes relate to lung function. METHODS We performed a prospective, longitudinal study of adults with CF and chronic rhinosinusitis (CF-CRS) followed at our CF center (n = 18). Endoscopic upper respiratory tract (paranasal sinus) aspirates from multiple visit dates, both pre- and post-ETI initiation, were collected and tested for cytokines, metals, pH, and lactate levels. Generalized estimating equations were used to identify relationships between ETI and upper respiratory tract (URT) biomarker levels, and between URT biomarkers and lung function or clinical sinus parameters. RESULTS ETI was associated with decreased upper respiratory mucosal cytokines B-cell activating factor (BAFF), IL-12p40, IL-32, IL-8, IL-22 and soluble tumor necrosis factor-1 (sTNFR1), and an increase in a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) and IL-19. ETI was also associated with decreased URT levels of copper, manganese, and zinc. In turn, lower URT levels of BAFF, IL-8, lactate, and potassium were each associated with ~1.5% to 4.3% improved forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), while higher levels of IFNγ, iron, and selenium were associated with ~2% to 10% higher FEV1. CONCLUSIONS Our observations suggest a dampening of inflammatory signals and restriction in microbial nutrients in the upper respiratory tract with ETI. These findings improve our understanding of how ETI impacts the mucosal environment in the respiratory tract, and may give insight into the improved infectious and inflammatory status and the resulting clinical improvements seen in pwCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar E. Atteih
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Catherine R. Armbruster
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Yasmin Hilliam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Glenn J. Rapsinski
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Junu Koirala Bhusal
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Leah L. Krainz
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jordan R. Gaston
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Matthew DuPont
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Anna C. Zemke
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John F. Alcorn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John A. Moore
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Vaughn S. Cooper
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Stella E. Lee
- Division of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Erick Forno
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Bomberger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
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3
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Tabeling C, González Calera CR, Lienau J, Höppner J, Tschernig T, Kershaw O, Gutbier B, Naujoks J, Herbert J, Opitz B, Gruber AD, Hocher B, Suttorp N, Heidecke H, Burmester GR, Riemekasten G, Siegert E, Kuebler WM, Witzenrath M. Endothelin B Receptor Immunodynamics in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Front Immunol 2022; 13:895501. [PMID: 35757687 PMCID: PMC9221837 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.895501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inflammation is a major pathological feature of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), particularly in the context of inflammatory conditions such as systemic sclerosis (SSc). The endothelin system and anti-endothelin A receptor (ETA) autoantibodies have been implicated in the pathogenesis of PAH, and endothelin receptor antagonists are routinely used treatments for PAH. However, immunological functions of the endothelin B receptor (ETB) remain obscure. Methods Serum levels of anti-ETB receptor autoantibodies were quantified in healthy donors and SSc patients with or without PAH. Age-dependent effects of overexpression of prepro-endothelin-1 or ETB deficiency on pulmonary inflammation and the cardiovascular system were studied in mice. Rescued ETB-deficient mice (ETB-/-) were used to prevent congenital Hirschsprung disease. The effects of pulmonary T-helper type 2 (Th2) inflammation on PAH-associated pathologies were analyzed in ETB-/- mice. Pulmonary vascular hemodynamics were investigated in isolated perfused mouse lungs. Hearts were assessed for right ventricular hypertrophy. Pulmonary inflammation and collagen deposition were assessed via lung microscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analyses. Results Anti-ETB autoantibody levels were elevated in patients with PAH secondary to SSc. Both overexpression of prepro-endothelin-1 and rescued ETB deficiency led to pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary vascular hyperresponsiveness, and right ventricular hypertrophy with accompanying lymphocytic alveolitis. Marked perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates were exclusively found in ETB-/- mice. Following induction of pulmonary Th2 inflammation, PAH-associated pathologies and perivascular collagen deposition were aggravated in ETB-/- mice. Conclusion This study provides evidence for an anti-inflammatory role of ETB. ETB seems to have protective effects on Th2-evoked pathologies of the cardiovascular system. Anti-ETB autoantibodies may modulate ETB-mediated immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Tabeling
- Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carla R González Calera
- Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jasmin Lienau
- Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jakob Höppner
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Tschernig
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Olivia Kershaw
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgitt Gutbier
- Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Naujoks
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Herbert
- Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bastian Opitz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim D Gruber
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Berthold Hocher
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University of Heidelberg, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany.,Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
| | - Norbert Suttorp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Partner Site Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Gerd-R Burmester
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Elise Siegert
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang M Kuebler
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Partner Site Charité, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany.,St. Michael's Hospital, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Departments of Physiology and Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Martin Witzenrath
- Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Partner Site Charité, Berlin, Germany
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4
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Pandey P, Al Rumaih Z, Kels MJT, Ng E, Kc R, Chaudhri G, Karupiah G. Targeting ectromelia virus and TNF/NF-κB or STAT3 signaling for effective treatment of viral pneumonia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2112725119. [PMID: 35177474 PMCID: PMC8872766 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2112725119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral causes of pneumonia pose constant threats to global public health, but there are no specific treatments currently available for the condition. Antivirals are ineffective when administered late after the onset of symptoms. Pneumonia is caused by an exaggerated inflammatory cytokine response to infection, but tissue necrosis and damage caused by virus also contribute to lung pathology. We hypothesized that viral pneumonia can be treated effectively if both virus and inflammation are simultaneously targeted. Combined treatment with the antiviral drug cidofovir and etanercept, which targets tumor necrosis factor (TNF), down-regulated nuclear factor kappa B-signaling and effectively reduced morbidity and mortality during respiratory ectromelia virus (ECTV) infection in mice even when treatment was initiated after onset of clinical signs. Treatment with cidofovir alone reduced viral load, but animals died from severe lung pathology. Treatment with etanercept had no effect on viral load but diminished levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines including TNF, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-12p40, TGF-β, and CCL5 and dampened activation of the STAT3 cytokine-signaling pathway, which transduces signals from multiple cytokines implicated in lung pathology. Consequently, combined treatment with a STAT3 inhibitor and cidofovir was effective in improving clinical disease and lung pathology in ECTV-infected mice. Thus, the simultaneous targeting of virus and a specific inflammatory cytokine or cytokine-signaling pathway is effective in the treatment of pneumonia. This approach might be applicable to pneumonia caused by emerging and re-emerging viruses, like seasonal and pandemic influenza A virus strains and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratikshya Pandey
- Viral Immunology and Immunopathology Group, Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Zahrah Al Rumaih
- Department of Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Ma Junaliah Tuazon Kels
- Department of Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Esther Ng
- Department of Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Rajendra Kc
- Viral Immunology and Immunopathology Group, Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Geeta Chaudhri
- Department of Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Gunasegaran Karupiah
- Viral Immunology and Immunopathology Group, Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia;
- Department of Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is one of the most common intestinal complications observed in inflammatory bowel disease, especially Crohn’s disease (CD). Intestinal fibrosis in CD is associated with chronic inflammation resulting from immunologic abnormalities and occurs as a form of tissue repair during the anti-inflammatory process. Various types of immune cells and mesenchymal cells, including myofibroblasts, are intricately involved in causing intestinal fibrosis. It is often difficult to treat intestinal fibrosis as intestinal stricture may develop despite treatment aimed at controlling inflammation. Detailed analysis of the pathogenesis of intestinal fibrosis is critical towards advancing the development of future therapeutic applications.
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6
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Yuan J, Li P, Pan H, Xu Q, Xu T, Li Y, Wei D, Mo Y, Zhang Q, Chen J, Ni C. miR-770-5p inhibits the activation of pulmonary fibroblasts and silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis through targeting TGFBR1. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 220:112372. [PMID: 34082245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Silicosis is a devastating interstitial lung disease arising from long-term exposure to inhalable silica. Regrettably, no therapy currently can effectively reverse the silica-induced fibrotic lesion. Emerging evidence has indicated that the dysregulation of microRNAs is involved in silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. The aim of this study is to explore the expression pattern and underlying mechanisms of miR-770-5p in silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Consistent with our previous miRNA microarray analysis, the results of qRT-PCR showed that miR-770-5p expression was downregulated in silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis in humans and animal models. Administration of miR-770-5p agomir significantly reduced the fibrotic lesions in the lungs of mice exposed to silica dust. MiR-770-5p also exhibited a dramatic reduction in TGF-β1-activated human pulmonary fibroblasts (MRC-5). Transfection of miR-770-5p mimics significantly decreased the viability, migration ability, and S/G0 phase distribution, as well as the expression of fibronectin, collagen I, and α-SMA in TGF-β1-treated MRC-5 cells. Transforming growth factor-β receptor 1 (TGFBR1) was confirmed as a direct target of regulation by miR-770-5p. The expression of TGFBR1 was significantly increased in pulmonary fibrosis. Knockdown of TGFBR1 blocked the transduction of the TGF-β1 signaling pathway and attenuated the activation of MRC-5 cells, while overexpression of TGFBR1 effectively restored the activation of MRC-5 cells inhibited by miR-770-5p. Together, our results demonstrated that miR-770-5p exerted an anti-fibrotic effect in silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis by targeting TGFBR1. Targeting miR-770-5p might provide a new therapeutic strategy to prevent the abnormal activation of pulmonary fibroblasts in silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Yuan
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Honghong Pan
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Tiantian Xu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Dong Wei
- The Transplant Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 214003, China
| | - Yiqun Mo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Qunwei Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Jingyu Chen
- The Transplant Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 214003, China
| | - Chunhui Ni
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
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7
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Toll-like receptor 4 regulates intestinal fibrosis via cytokine expression and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19867. [PMID: 33199767 PMCID: PMC7670421 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76880-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis induced by chronic and recurrent colitis, which is exacerbated by bowel stenosis, stricture, and obstruction, is challenging to treat. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) stimulates innate and acquired immunity in response to specific microbial components, but the role of TLR4 in intestinal fibrosis is largely unknown. We investigated its role in intestinal fibrosis using not only a murine fibrosis model but also human myofibroblasts and intestinal epithelial cells. Colon fibrosis was induced in TLR4-deficient (TLR4−/−) mice and its wild-type counterparts with 3% dextran sulfate sodium. Absence of TLR4 gene attenuated chronic inflammation and colonic macrophages infiltration; intestinal fibrosis and collagen deposition were suppressed. Also, the production of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-12p40, and transforming growth factor-β was reduced in TLR4-deficient peritoneal macrophages. TLR4 was silenced in CCD-18Co cells by small interfering RNA (siRNA), and matrix metalloproteinase-1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase, and collagen α1 expression was evaluated. Role of TLR4 in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was evaluated in HCT116 cells. Suppression of TLR4 transcription by siRNAs affected myofibroblasts activity, collagen synthesis, and EMT in the human cancer cell line. Thus, we suggest that TLR4 can be an essential mediator in intestinal chronic inflammation and fibrosis, indicating that TLR4 signaling is a potential therapeutic target for intestinal fibrosis.
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8
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Salum KCR, Castro MCS, Nani ÂSF, Kohlrausch FB. Is individual genetic susceptibility a link between silica exposure and development or severity of silicosis? A systematic review. Inhal Toxicol 2020; 32:375-387. [PMID: 33006295 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2020.1825569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silicosis is a lung disease of fibrotic nature resulting from the inhalation and deposition of dust containing crystalline silica. Subjects exposed to the same environmental factors may show distinct radiological manifestations, and since silicosis is known as a multifactorial disease, it is plausible that individual genetic susceptibility may play a role in the pathology. This review of the literature aims to provide an assessment of the present data on the genetic association studies in silicosis and describe the genes that potentially might influence silicosis susceptibility in silica-exposed individuals. METHODS We accessed the database of PubMed for articles published in English about interindividual genetic susceptibility to silicosis using terms related to the subject matter. RESULTS Following the evaluation process, 28 studies were included in this systematic review, including 23 original studies and 5 meta-analyses. CONCLUSIONS Regardless of the advances in the knowledge of the importance of gene variations in silicosis, more studies need to be performed, in particular, special polygenic and genome-wide investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaio Cezar Rodrigues Salum
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Marcos Cesar Santos Castro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil.,Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil.,Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiana Barzotto Kohlrausch
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
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9
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Muthumalage T, Lucas JH, Wang Q, Lamb T, McGraw MD, Rahman I. Pulmonary Toxicity and Inflammatory Response of E-Cigarette Vape Cartridges Containing Medium-Chain Triglycerides Oil and Vitamin E Acetate: Implications in the Pathogenesis of EVALI. TOXICS 2020; 8:toxics8030046. [PMID: 32605182 PMCID: PMC7560420 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, there has been an outbreak of a condition named e-cigarette or vaping products-associated lung injury (EVALI). The primary components of vaping products include tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), vitamin E acetate (VEA) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT), may be responsible for acute lung toxicity. Currently, little information is available on the physiological and biological effects of exposure to these products. We hypothesized that these CBD/counterfeit vape cartridges and their constituents (VEA and MCT) induce pulmonary toxicity, mediated by oxidative damage and inflammatory responses, leading to acute lung injury. We studied the potential mechanisms of CBD/counterfeit vape cartridge aerosol induced inflammatory response by evaluating the generation of reactive oxygen species by MCT, VEA, and cartridges and their effects on the inflammatory state of pulmonary epithelium and immune cells both in vitro and in vivo. Cells exposed to these aerosols generated reactive oxygen species, caused cytotoxicity, induced epithelial barrier dysfunction, and elicited an inflammatory response. Using a murine model, the parameters of acute toxicity to aerosol inhalation were assessed. Infiltration of neutrophils and lymphocytes was accompanied by significant increases in IL-6, eotaxin, and G-CSF in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). In mouse BALF, eicosanoid inflammatory mediators, leukotrienes, were significantly increased. Plasma from e-cig users also showed increased levels of hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETEs) and various eicosanoids. Exposure to CBD/counterfeit vape cartridge aerosols showed the most significant effects and toxicity compared to MCT and VEA. In addition, we determined SARS-CoV-2 related proteins and found no impact associated with aerosol exposures from these tested cartridges. Overall, this study demonstrates acute exposure to specific CBD/counterfeit vape cartridges induces in vitro cytotoxicity, barrier dysfunction, and inflammation and in vivo mouse exposure induces acute inflammation with elevated proinflammatory markers in the pathogenesis of EVALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thivanka Muthumalage
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (T.M.); (J.H.L.); (Q.W.); (T.L.)
| | - Joseph H. Lucas
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (T.M.); (J.H.L.); (Q.W.); (T.L.)
| | - Qixin Wang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (T.M.); (J.H.L.); (Q.W.); (T.L.)
| | - Thomas Lamb
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (T.M.); (J.H.L.); (Q.W.); (T.L.)
| | - Matthew D. McGraw
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (T.M.); (J.H.L.); (Q.W.); (T.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(585)-275-6911
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Muthumalage T, Lucas JH, Wang Q, Lamb T, McGraw MD, Rahman I. Pulmonary toxicity and inflammatory response of e-cigarettes containing medium-chain triglyceride oil and vitamin E acetate: Implications in the pathogenesis of EVALI but independent of SARS-COV-2 COVID-19 related proteins. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020. [PMID: 32587960 DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.14.151381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Recently, there has been an outbreak associated with the use of e-cigarette or vaping products, associated lung injury (EVALI). The primary components of vaping products, vitamin E acetate (VEA) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) may be responsible for acute lung toxicity. Currently, little information is available on the physiological and biological effects of exposure to these products. We hypothesized that these e-cig cartridges and their constituents (VEA and MCT) induce pulmonary toxicity, mediated by oxidative damage and inflammatory responses, leading to acute lung injury. We studied the potential mechanisms of cartridge aerosol induced inflammatory response by evaluating the generation of reactive oxygen species by MCT, VEA, and cartridges, and their effects on the inflammatory state of pulmonary epithelium and immune cells both in vitro and in vivo. Cells exposed to these aerosols generated reactive oxygen species, caused cytotoxicity, induced epithelial barrier dysfunction, and elicited an inflammatory response. Using a murine model, the parameters of acute toxicity to aerosol inhalation were assessed. Infiltration of neutrophils and lymphocytes was accompanied by significant increases in IL-6, eotaxin, and G-CSF in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). In mouse plasma, eicosanoid inflammatory mediators, leukotrienes, were significantly increased. Plasma from e-cig users also showed increased levels of hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETEs) and various eicosanoids. Exposure to e-cig cartridge aerosols showed the most significant effects and toxicity compared to MCT and VEA. In addition, we determined at SARS-COV-2 related proteins and found no impact associated with aerosol exposures from these tested cartridges. Overall, this study demonstrates acute exposure to specific e-cig cartridges induces in vitro cytotoxicity, barrier dysfunction, and inflammation and in vivo mouse exposure induces acute inflammation with elevated pro-inflammatory markers in the pathogenesis of EVALI.
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Sharma N, Dev R, Belenchia AM, Aroor AR, Whaley-Connell A, Pulakat L, Hans CP. Deficiency of IL12p40 (Interleukin 12 p40) Promotes Ang II (Angiotensin II)-Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:212-223. [PMID: 30580570 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective- Abdominal aortic aneurysm is caused by the accumulation of inflammatory cells in the aortic wall. Our recent studies demonstrated that inhibition of Notch signaling attenuates abdominal aortic aneurysm formation by shifting the macrophage balance towards anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype. Using IL12p40-/- (interleukin 12 p40) mice, we investigated the effects of M2-predominant macrophages on the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Approach and Results- Male (8-10 week-old) wild-type and IL12p40-/- mice (n=15) on C57BL/6 background were infused with Ang II (angiotensin II, 1000 ng/kg per minute) by implanting osmotic pumps subcutaneously for 28 days. In the IL12p40-/- mice, Ang II significantly increased the maximal intraluminal diameter (9/15) as determined by transabdominal ultrasound imaging. In addition, IL12p40-deletion significantly increased aortic stiffness in response to Ang II as measured by pulse wave velocity and atomic force microscopy. Histologically, IL12p40-/- mice exhibited increased maximal external diameter of aorta and aortic lesions associated with collagen deposition and increased elastin fragmentation compared with wild-type mice infused with Ang II. Mechanistically, IL12p40 deficiency by siRNA (small interfering RNA) augmented the Tgfβ2-mediated Mmp2 expression in wild-type bone marrow-derived macrophages without affecting the expression of Mmp9. No such effects of IL12p40 deficiency on MMP2/MMP9 was observed in human aortic smooth muscle cells or fibroblasts. Depletion of macrophages in IL12p40-/- mice by clodronate liposomes significantly decreased the maximal external diameter of aorta and aortic stiffness in response to Ang II as determined by imaging and atomic force microscopy. Conclusions- IL12p40 depletion promotes the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm, in part, by facilitating recruitment of M2-like macrophages and potentiating aortic stiffness and fibrosis mediated by Tgfβ2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neekun Sharma
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (N.S., R.D., A.M.B., L.P., C.P.H.), University of Missouri, Columbia.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (N.S., R.D., A.M.B., L.P., C.P.H.), University of Missouri, Columbia
| | - Rishabh Dev
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (N.S., R.D., A.M.B., L.P., C.P.H.), University of Missouri, Columbia.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (N.S., R.D., A.M.B., L.P., C.P.H.), University of Missouri, Columbia
| | - Anthony M Belenchia
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (N.S., R.D., A.M.B., L.P., C.P.H.), University of Missouri, Columbia.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (N.S., R.D., A.M.B., L.P., C.P.H.), University of Missouri, Columbia
| | - Annayya R Aroor
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (A.R.A., C.P.H.), University of Missouri, Columbia
| | - Adam Whaley-Connell
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital (A.W.-C.), University of Missouri, Columbia
| | - Lakshmi Pulakat
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (N.S., R.D., A.M.B., L.P., C.P.H.), University of Missouri, Columbia.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (N.S., R.D., A.M.B., L.P., C.P.H.), University of Missouri, Columbia
| | - Chetan P Hans
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (N.S., R.D., A.M.B., L.P., C.P.H.), University of Missouri, Columbia.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (A.R.A., C.P.H.), University of Missouri, Columbia.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (N.S., R.D., A.M.B., L.P., C.P.H.), University of Missouri, Columbia
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Development of experimental silicosis in inbred and outbred mice depends on instillation volume. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14190. [PMID: 31578388 PMCID: PMC6775097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50725-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
There is considerable variation in methods to induce experimental silicosis with the effects of dose and route of exposure being well documented. However, to what extent the volume of silica suspension alters the dispersion and severity of silicosis has not been adequately investigated. In this study, the optimal volume of a crystalline silica suspension required to obtain uniform distribution and greatest incidence and severity of silicosis was determined in inbred and outbred mice. Silica dispersal, detected by co-inspiration with India ink and polarized light microscopy, was highly dependent upon volume. Furthermore, although peribronchitis, perivasculitis, and increases in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cell numbers were detected a lower doses and volumes, significant alveolitis required exposure to 5 mg of silica in 50 μl. This dose and volume of transoral instillation led to a greater penetrance of silicosis in the genetically heterogeneous Diversity Outbred strain as well as greater alveolar inflammation typical of the silicosis in human disease. These findings underscore the critical importance of instillation volume on the induction, severity, and type of inflammatory pathology in experimental silicosis.
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Sato T, Shimosato T, Klinman DM. Silicosis and lung cancer: current perspectives. LUNG CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2018; 9:91-101. [PMID: 30498384 PMCID: PMC6207090 DOI: 10.2147/lctt.s156376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
"Silica" refers to crystalline particles formed by the combination of silicon with oxygen. Inhalation of silica particles promotes the development of pulmonary fibrosis that over prolonged periods increases the risk of lung cancer. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified crystalline silica as a human carcinogen in 1997. This categorization was questioned due to 1) the absence of dose-response findings, 2) the presence of confounding variables that complicated interpretation of the data and 3) potential selection bias for compensated silicosis. Yet, recent epidemiologic studies strongly support the conclusion that silica exposure increases the risk of lung cancer in humans independent of confounding factors including cigarette smoke. Based on this evidence, the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) lowered the occupational exposure limit for crystalline silica from 0.1 to 0.05 mg/m3 in 2013. Further supporting the human epidemiologic data, murine models show that chronic silicosis is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. In animals, the initial inflammation induced by silica exposure is followed by the development of an immunosuppressive microenvironment that supports the growth of lung tumors. This work will review our current knowledge of silica-associated lung cancers, highlighting how recent mechanistic insights support the use of cutting-edge approaches to diagnose and treat silica-related lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Sato
- Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimosato
- Department of Interdisciplinary Genome Sciences and Cell Metabolism, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Dennis M Klinman
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA,
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Goda SS, Khedr MA, Elshenawy SZ, Ibrahim TM, El-Araby HA, Sira MM. Preoperative Serum IL-12p40 Is a Potential Predictor of Kasai Portoenterostomy Outcome in Infants with Biliary Atresia. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2017; 2017:9089068. [PMID: 28588613 PMCID: PMC5447261 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9089068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The standard-of-care treatment for biliary atresia (BA) is surgical restoration of bile flow by Kasai portoenterostomy. We aimed to study serum interleukin- (IL-) 12p40, a natural antagonist for the proinflammatory IL-12p70, and its relation to surgical outcomes of BA. The study included 75 infants with neonatal cholestasis: BA group (n = 25), non-BA cholestasis group (n = 30), and neglected BA group (n = 20), in addition to thirty healthy neonates serving as controls. IL-12p40 was measured by ELISA in all individuals and a second assessment was performed 3 months postoperatively in the BA group. The surgical outcomes were classified as successful (bilirubin ≤ 2 mg/dl) or failed (bilirubin > 2 mg/dl). IL-12p40 was higher in BA compared to that in the non-BA and control groups (P values were 0.036 and <0.0001, resp.) but comparable to that in the neglected BA group. Preoperative IL-12p40 levels in BA patients were significantly higher in successful Kasai compared with failed Kasai and a cutoff level of 547.47 pg/ml could predict the successful outcome with 87.5% sensitivity and 82.4% specificity. Three-month postoperative IL-12p40 tended to decrease in both the successful and failed groups. In conclusion, preoperative serum IL-12p40 is a potential predictor of Kasai outcome. Serial postoperative measurements may anticipate the failure of an initially successful operation, hence the need for liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa Samy Goda
- 1Department of Pediatric Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Koom, Menoufia 32511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Khedr
- 1Department of Pediatric Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Koom, Menoufia 32511, Egypt
| | - Soha Zaki Elshenawy
- 2Department of Biochemistry, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Koom, Menoufia 32511, Egypt
| | - Tarek Mohamed Ibrahim
- 3Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Koom, Menoufia 32511, Egypt
| | - Hanaa Ahmed El-Araby
- 1Department of Pediatric Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Koom, Menoufia 32511, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Mohamed Sira
- 1Department of Pediatric Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Koom, Menoufia 32511, Egypt
- *Mostafa Mohamed Sira:
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15
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Cabrera S, Maciel M, Herrera I, Nava T, Vergara F, Gaxiola M, López-Otín C, Selman M, Pardo A. Essential role for the ATG4B protease and autophagy in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Autophagy 2016; 11:670-84. [PMID: 25906080 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1034409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a critical cellular homeostatic process that controls the turnover of damaged organelles and proteins. Impaired autophagic activity is involved in a number of diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis suggesting that altered autophagy may contribute to fibrogenesis. However, the specific role of autophagy in lung fibrosis is still undefined. In this study, we show for the first time, how autophagy disruption contributes to bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in vivo using an Atg4b-deficient mouse as a model. Atg4b-deficient mice displayed a significantly higher inflammatory response at 7 d after bleomycin treatment associated with increased neutrophilic infiltration and significant alterations in proinflammatory cytokines. Likewise, we found that Atg4b disruption resulted in augmented apoptosis affecting predominantly alveolar and bronchiolar epithelial cells. At 28 d post-bleomycin instillation Atg4b-deficient mice exhibited more extensive and severe fibrosis with increased collagen accumulation and deregulated extracellular matrix-related gene expression. Together, our findings indicate that the ATG4B protease and autophagy play a crucial role protecting epithelial cells against bleomycin-induced stress and apoptosis, and in the regulation of the inflammatory and fibrotic responses.
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Key Words
- ACTA2, actin, α 2, smooth muscle, aorta
- ATG3, autophagy-related 3
- ATG4B
- ATG4B, autophagy-related 4B
- ATG5, autophagy-related 5
- ATG7, autophagy-related 7
- ATG9B, autophagy-related 9B
- BAX, BCL2-associated X protein
- CASP3, caspase 3, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase
- CAV1, caveolin 1, caveolae protein, 22kDa
- CCL3, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3
- CXCL1, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (melanoma growth stimulating activity α)
- CXCR2, chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 2
- DRAM2, DNA-damage regulated autophagy modulator 2
- GFP-LC3B, green fluorescent protein-LC3B
- IFNG, interferon, gamma
- IL12B, interleukin 12B
- IL13, interleukin 13
- IPF, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
- MAP1LC3B/LC3B, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 β
- RELA, v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A
- SQSTM1, sequestosome 1
- TGFB1, transforming growth factor, β 1
- TGFBR2, transforming growth factor, β receptor II (70/80kDa)
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- TUBB4, tubulin, β 4, class IV
- WT, wild type
- autophagin-1
- autophagy
- cysteine peptidase
- epithelial cell
- idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
- lung fibrosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Cabrera
- a Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México ; Mexico DF , Mexico
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Lee SY, Jung YO, Kim DJ, Kang CM, Moon YM, Heo YJ, Oh HJ, Park SJ, Yang SH, Kwok SK, Ju JH, Park SH, Sung YC, Kim HY, Cho ML. IL-12p40 Homodimer Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Arthritis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:3001-10. [PMID: 26324771 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
IL-23 is the key cytokine that induces the expansion of Th17 cells. It is composed of p19 and p40 subunits of IL-12. The p40 subunit binds competitively to the receptor of IL-23 and blocks its activity. Our aim was to assess the preventive and therapeutic effect of the IL-12p40 homodimer (p40)2 subunit in autoimmune arthritis animal models. In the current study, using IL-1R antagonist-knockout mice and a collagen-induced arthritis model, we investigated the suppressive effect of (p40)2 on inflammatory arthritis. We demonstrated that the recombinant adenovirus-expressing mouse (p40)2 model prevented the development of arthritis when given before the onset of arthritis. It also decreased the arthritis index and joint erosions in the mouse model if transferred after arthritis was established. (p40)2 inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines and Ag-specific T cell proliferation. It also induced CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3 regulatory T (Treg) cells in vitro and in vivo, whereas the generation of retinoic acid receptor-related organ receptor γt and Th17 cells was suppressed. The induction of Treg cells and the suppression of Th17 cells were mediated via activated STAT5 and suppressed STAT3. Our data suggest that (p40)2 suppressed inflammatory arthritis successfully. This could be a useful therapeutic approach in autoimmune arthritis to regulate the Th17/Treg balance and IL-23 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Yeong Lee
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institutes of Medical Science, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Immune Network, Conversant Research Consortium in Immunologic Disease, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ok Jung
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kang-Nam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 150-950, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Doo-Jin Kim
- Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, World Class University, Pohang University of Science and Technology Biotechnology Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Min Kang
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institutes of Medical Science, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mee Moon
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institutes of Medical Science, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Immune Network, Conversant Research Consortium in Immunologic Disease, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jung Heo
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institutes of Medical Science, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jwa Oh
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institutes of Medical Science, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jeong Park
- Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, World Class University, Pohang University of Science and Technology Biotechnology Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hwan Yang
- Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, World Class University, Pohang University of Science and Technology Biotechnology Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ki Kwok
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institutes of Medical Science, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyeon Ju
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institutes of Medical Science, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Park
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institutes of Medical Science, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chul Sung
- Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, World Class University, Pohang University of Science and Technology Biotechnology Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Youn Kim
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institutes of Medical Science, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea;
| | - Mi-La Cho
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institutes of Medical Science, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Immune Network, Conversant Research Consortium in Immunologic Disease, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea;
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Abdi K, Singh NJ. Making many from few: IL-12p40 as a model for the combinatorial assembly of heterodimeric cytokines. Cytokine 2015; 76:53-7. [PMID: 26242928 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
How dendritic cells (DCs) gather information from the local milieu at a site of infection or injury and communicate this to influence adaptive immunity is not well understood. We and others have reported that soon after microbial encounter, DCs secrete the p40 subunit of IL-12, by itself, in a monomeric form. Based on recent data that this p40 monomer subsequently associates with p35 released from other cells to generate functional IL-12, we proposed that p40 can function as a DC-derived probe which samples the composition of the local milieu by looking for other binding partners. In this opinion, we discuss how such a sampling function might generate an elaborate combinatorial "code" of heterodimeric cytokines, capable of conveying location-specific information to cells downstream of DC activation, including NK and T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Abdi
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Twinbrook II 12441 Parklawn Dr., Rockville, MD 20852, United States
| | - Nevil J Singh
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W Baltimore St, HSF1, Room 380, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States.
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Uncoupling between inflammatory and fibrotic responses to silica: evidence from MyD88 knockout mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99383. [PMID: 25050810 PMCID: PMC4106757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The exact implication of innate immunity in granuloma formation and irreversible lung fibrosis remains to be determined. In this study, we examined the lung inflammatory and fibrotic responses to silica in MyD88-knockout (KO) mice. In comparison to wild-type (WT) mice, we found that MyD88-KO animals developed attenuated lung inflammation, neutrophil accumulation and IL-1β release in response to silica. Granuloma formation was also less pronounced in MyD88-KO mice after silica. This limited inflammatory response was not accompanied by a concomitant attenuation of lung collagen accumulation after silica. Histological analyses revealed that while pulmonary fibrosis was localized in granulomas in WT animals, it was diffusely distributed throughout the parenchyma in MyD88-KO mice. Robust collagen accumulation was also observed in mice KO for several other components of innate immunity (IL-1R, IL-1, ASC, NALP3, IL-18R, IL-33R, TRIF, and TLR2-3-4,). We additionally show that pulmonary fibrosis in MyD88-KO mice was associated with the accumulation of pro-fibrotic regulatory T lymphocytes (T regs) and pro-fibrotic cytokine expression (TGF-β, IL-10 and PDGF-B), not with T helper (Th) 17 cell influx. Our findings indicate that the activation of MyD88-related innate immunity is central in the establishment of particle-induced lung inflammatory and granuloma responses. The development of lung fibrosis appears uncoupled from inflammation and may be orchestrated by a T reg-associated pathway.
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Yao Y, Yang W, Yang YQ, Ma HD, Lu FT, Li L, Tao YY, Tsuneyama K, Zhang W, Friedman S, Gershwin ME, Lian ZX. Distinct from its canonical effects, deletion of IL-12p40 induces cholangitis and fibrosis in interleukin-2Rα(-/-) mice. J Autoimmun 2014; 51:99-108. [PMID: 24651036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The IL-12 family modulates T cell mediated autoimmune diseases and GWAS in PBC have suggested a critical role of IL-12 and its subunits in modulating portal inflammation. We have taken advantage of an aggressive model of portal inflammation and colitis in IL-2Rα(-/-) mice to study the specific role of IL-12 and, in particular, the immunobiology of p40(-/-)IL-2Rα(-/-) mice. Colonies of IL-2Rα(+/-), IL-2Rα(-/-) and p40(-/-)IL-2Rα(-/-) mice were studied for the natural history of immunopathology in liver and colon using histology and immunohistochemistry. Further, to focus on mechanisms, liver, spleen and mesenteric lymph node flow cytometry was employed to identify specific phenotypes; cytokine analysis on inflammatory cell populations was compared between groups. Finally, Real-Time PCR was used to focus on the genes involved in hepatic fibrosis. Surprisingly, p40(-/-)IL-2Rα(-/-) mice manifest more severe portal inflammation and bile duct damage, including signs of portal hypertension and liver fibrosis, but a significant reduction in colitis. Indeed, p40(-/-)IL-2Rα(-/-) mice reveal a profound hepatic CD8(+) T cell infiltrate, whose major component are effector memory cells as well as enhanced hepatic Th1 but reduced Th17 responses. These observations were confirmed by Real-Time PCR analysis of fibrosis-related genes in the liver. Distinct from its canonical effects, IL-12p40 plays a critical role in autoimmune cholangitis, including hepatic fibrosis. These data take on striking significance for any proposed human trials that modulate the IL-12p40 pathway in human PBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yao
- Liver Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Immunology and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Liver Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Immunology and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Yan-Qing Yang
- Liver Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Immunology and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Hong-Di Ma
- Liver Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Immunology and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Fang-Ting Lu
- Liver Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Immunology and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Liang Li
- Liver Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Immunology and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Yan-Yan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Weici Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Scott Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Zhe-Xiong Lian
- Liver Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Immunology and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; Innovation Center for Cell Biology, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
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Chen Y, Li C, Weng D, Song L, Tang W, Dai W, Yu Y, Liu F, Zhao M, Lu C, Chen J. Neutralization of interleukin-17A delays progression of silica-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis in C57BL/6 mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 275:62-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bode C, Kinjo T, Alvord WG, Klinman DM. Suppressive oligodeoxynucleotides reduce lung cancer susceptibility in mice with silicosis. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:1078-83. [PMID: 24403310 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicosis is an inflammatory lung disease induced by the inhalation of silica-containing dust particles. There is conflicting data on whether patients with silicosis are more susceptible to lung cancer induced by cigarette smoke. To examine this issue experimentally, a model was developed in which one of the most abundant and potent carcinogens present in cigarette smoke [4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)] was administered to mice at the peak of silica-induced pulmonary inflammation. Results show that the incidence of lung tumors in silicotic mice treated with NNK was significantly increased compared with mice exposed to silica or NNK alone. Synthetic oligonucleotides (ODN) containing repetitive TTAGGG motifs can block pathologic inflammation. We therefore examined whether treatment with these suppressive (Sup) ODN could block silica-induced pulmonary inflammation and thereby reduce susceptibility to lung cancer. Results show that Sup (but not control) ODN inhibit pulmonary fibrosis and other inflammatory manifestations of chronic silicosis. Of greater import, Sup ODN reduced lung tumor incidence and multiplicity in silicotic mice exposed to NNK. These findings establish an experimental model for examining the role of silicotic inflammation in cancer susceptibility and demonstrate that Sup ODN represent a novel therapy for chronic silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bode
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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22
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Shiga Y, Sugamata R, Iwamura C, Nagao T, Zao J, Kawakami K, Kawachi S, Nakayama T, Suzuki K. Effect of invariant natural killer T cells with IL-5 and activated IL-6 receptor in ventilator-associated lung injury in mice. Exp Lung Res 2013; 40:1-11. [PMID: 24246030 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2013.854518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation (MV) is well known to potentially cause ventilator-associated lung injury (VALI). It has also been reported recently that activation of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells is involved in the onset/progression of airway inflammation. We analyzed the roles of inflammatory cells, including iNKT cells, and cytokines/chemokines in a mouse model of VALI. C57BL/6 and Vα14(+)NKT cell-deficient (Jα18KO) female mice were subjected to MV for 5 hours. The MV induced lung injury in the mice, with severe histological abnormalities, elevation in the percentages of neutrophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and increase in the number of iNKT cells in the lung. Jα18KO mice subjected to MV for 5 hours also showed lung injury, with decrease of the PaO2/FiO2 ratio (P/F ratio) and elevation of the levels of total protein, IL-5, IL-6, IL-12p40, and keratinocyte-derived cytokine (KC) in the BALF. Intranasal administration of anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibody (mAb) or anti-IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) mAb into the Jα18KO mice prior to the start of MV resulted in significant improvement in the blood oxygenation. In addition, the anti-IL-5 mAb administration was associated with a decrease in the levels of IL-5, IL-9, and IL-6R in the BALF, and anti-IL-6R mAb administration suppressed the mRNA expressions of IL-5, IL-6, IL-6R, and KC. These results suggest that iNKT cells may play a role in attenuating the inflammatory caused by ventilation through IL-5 and IL-6R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Shiga
- 1Inflammation Program, Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University , Chiba , Japan
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23
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Chen IF, Khan J, Noma N, Hadlaq E, Teich S, Benoliel R, Eliav E. Anti-nociceptive effect of IL-12p40 in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Cytokine 2013; 62:401-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Stefanov AN, Fox J, Haston CK. Positional cloning reveals strain-dependent expression of Trim16 to alter susceptibility to bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003203. [PMID: 23341783 PMCID: PMC3547790 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a disease of significant morbidity, with no effective therapeutics and an as yet incompletely defined genetic basis. The chemotherapeutic agent bleomycin induces pulmonary fibrosis in susceptible C57BL/6J mice but not in mice of the C3H/HeJ strain, and this differential strain response has been used in prior studies to map bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis susceptibility loci named Blmpf1 and Blmpf2. In this study we isolated the quantitative trait gene underlying Blmpf2 initially by histologically phenotyping the bleomycin-induced lung disease of sublines of congenic mice to reduce the linkage region to 13 genes. Of these genes, Trim16 was identified to have strain-dependent expression in the lung, which we determined was due to sequence variation in the promoter. Over-expression of Trim16 by plasmid injection increased pulmonary fibrosis, and bronchoalveolar lavage levels of both interleukin 12/23-p40 and neutrophils, in bleomycin treated B6.C3H-Blmpf2 subcongenic mice compared to subcongenic mice treated with bleomycin only, which follows the C57BL/6J versus C3H/HeJ strain difference in these traits. In summary we demonstrate that genetic variation in Trim16 leads to its strain-dependent expression, which alters susceptibility to bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Genetic differences within the population influence an individual's susceptibility to the lung disease pulmonary fibrosis. As environmental factors also have a tremendous effect on the development of this disease, investigations in an animal model can reveal the genetic basis of this trait, under controlled circumstances. Starting from previous work that had identified a genomic region linked to fibrosis susceptibility in mice, we assayed the fibrosis response of lines of mice specifically bred to contain reduced portions of the original genetic interval, and we narrowed our study to 13 genes. Genetic evaluation pointed to the gene Trim16 as a prime candidate for affecting fibrosis, and we identified genetic variations to alter its transcription. Our functional studies showed that Trim16 injected into the specifically bred, and bleomcyin-treated, mice significantly increased their pulmonary fibrosis levels. Further evaluation of the mice showed the increase to be associated with known enhancers of fibrosis, neutrophils and interleukin12/23-p40. This study shows that genetic variation in Trim16 affects both the lung tissue inflammatory response and the development of pulmonary fibrosis in mice and thus provides a novel pathway to fibrosis development for subsequent clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anguel N. Stefanov
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jessica Fox
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Christina K. Haston
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Li Y, Zhang C, Wu Y, Han Y, Cui W, Jia L, Cai L, Cheng J, Li H, Du J. Interleukin-12p35 Deletion Promotes CD4 T-Cell–Dependent Macrophage Differentiation and Enhances Angiotensin II–Induced Cardiac Fibrosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:1662-74. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.249706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective—
Interleukin-12 is essential for the differentiation of naïve T cells into interferon-γ–producing T cells, which regulate inflammatory responses. We investigated this process of regulating hypertension-induced cardiac fibrosis.
Methods and Results—
Mice infused with angiotensin II showed a marked increase in interleukin-12p35 expression in cardiac macrophages. The degree of cardiac fibrosis was significantly enhanced in interleukin-12p35 knockout (p35-KO) mice compared with wild-type (WT) littermates in response to angiotensin II. Fibrotic hearts of p35-KO mice showed increased accumulation of alternatively activated (M2) macrophages and expression of M2 genes such as Arg-1 and Fizz1. Bone marrow–derived macrophages from WT or p35-KO mice did not differ in differentiation in response to angiotensin II treatment; however, in the presence of CD4
+
T cells, macrophages from p35-KO mice differentiated into M2 macrophages and showed elevated expression of transforming growth factor-β. Moreover, CD4
+
T-cell–treated p35-KO macrophages could stimulate cardiac fibroblasts to differentiate into α-smooth muscle actin–positive and collagen I–positive myofibroblasts in 3-dimensional nanofiber gels. Neutralizing antibodies against transforming growth factor-β inhibited myofibroblast formation induced by M2 macrophages.
Conclusion—
Deficiency in interleukin-12p35 regulates angiotensin II–induced cardiac fibrosis by promoting CD4
+
T-cell–dependent differentiation of M2 macrophages and production of transforming growth factor-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Li
- From the Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China (Y.L., C.Z., Y.W., Y.H., W.C., L.J., L.C., J.C., J.D.); and Department of Pathology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (H.L.)
| | - Congcong Zhang
- From the Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China (Y.L., C.Z., Y.W., Y.H., W.C., L.J., L.C., J.C., J.D.); and Department of Pathology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (H.L.)
| | - Yina Wu
- From the Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China (Y.L., C.Z., Y.W., Y.H., W.C., L.J., L.C., J.C., J.D.); and Department of Pathology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (H.L.)
| | - Yalei Han
- From the Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China (Y.L., C.Z., Y.W., Y.H., W.C., L.J., L.C., J.C., J.D.); and Department of Pathology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (H.L.)
| | - Wei Cui
- From the Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China (Y.L., C.Z., Y.W., Y.H., W.C., L.J., L.C., J.C., J.D.); and Department of Pathology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (H.L.)
| | - Lixin Jia
- From the Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China (Y.L., C.Z., Y.W., Y.H., W.C., L.J., L.C., J.C., J.D.); and Department of Pathology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (H.L.)
| | - Lun Cai
- From the Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China (Y.L., C.Z., Y.W., Y.H., W.C., L.J., L.C., J.C., J.D.); and Department of Pathology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (H.L.)
| | - Jizhong Cheng
- From the Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China (Y.L., C.Z., Y.W., Y.H., W.C., L.J., L.C., J.C., J.D.); and Department of Pathology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (H.L.)
| | - Huihua Li
- From the Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China (Y.L., C.Z., Y.W., Y.H., W.C., L.J., L.C., J.C., J.D.); and Department of Pathology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (H.L.)
| | - Jie Du
- From the Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China (Y.L., C.Z., Y.W., Y.H., W.C., L.J., L.C., J.C., J.D.); and Department of Pathology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (H.L.)
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Sabo-Attwood T, Ramos-Nino ME, Eugenia-Ariza M, Macpherson MB, Butnor KJ, Vacek PC, McGee SP, Clark JC, Steele C, Mossman BT. Osteopontin modulates inflammation, mucin production, and gene expression signatures after inhalation of asbestos in a murine model of fibrosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 178:1975-85. [PMID: 21514415 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and lung remodeling are hallmarks of asbestos-induced fibrosis, but the molecular mechanisms that control these events are unclear. Using laser capture microdissection (LCM) of distal bronchioles in a murine asbestos inhalation model, we show that osteopontin (OPN) is up-regulated by bronchiolar epithelial cells after chrysotile asbestos exposures. In contrast to OPN wild-type mice (OPN(+/+)) inhaling asbestos, OPN null mice (OPN(-/-)) exposed to asbestos showed less eosinophilia in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, diminished lung inflammation, and decreased mucin production. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12 subunit p40, MIP1α, MIP1β, and eotaxin) also were significantly less in asbestos-exposed OPN(-/-) mice. Microarrays performed on lung tissues from asbestos-exposed OPN(+/+) and OPN(-/-) mice showed that OPN modulated the expression of a number of genes (Col1a2, Timp1, Tnc, Eln, and Col3a1) linked to fibrosis via initiation and cross talk between IL-1β and epidermal growth factor receptor-related signaling pathways. Novel targets of OPN identified include genes involved in cell signaling, immune system/defense, extracellular matrix remodeling, and cell cycle regulation. Although it is unclear whether the present findings are specific to chrysotile asbestos or would be observed after inhalation of other fibers in general, these results highlight new potential mechanisms and therapeutic targets for asbestosis and other diseases (asthma, smoking-related interstitial lung diseases) linked to OPN overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Sabo-Attwood
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and NanoCenter, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.
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Gasse P, Riteau N, Vacher R, Michel ML, Fautrel A, di Padova F, Fick L, Charron S, Lagente V, Eberl G, Le Bert M, Quesniaux VFJ, Huaux F, Leite-de-Moraes M, Ryffel B, Couillin I. IL-1 and IL-23 mediate early IL-17A production in pulmonary inflammation leading to late fibrosis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23185. [PMID: 21858022 PMCID: PMC3156735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a devastating as yet untreatable disease. We demonstrated recently the predominant role of the NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β expression in the establishment of pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in mice. Methods The contribution of IL-23 or IL-17 in pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis was assessed using the bleomycin model in deficient mice. Results We show that bleomycin or IL-1β-induced lung injury leads to increased expression of early IL-23p19, and IL-17A or IL-17F expression. Early IL-23p19 and IL-17A, but not IL-17F, and IL-17RA signaling are required for inflammatory response to BLM as shown with gene deficient mice or mice treated with neutralizing antibodies. Using FACS analysis, we show a very early IL-17A and IL-17F expression by RORγt+ γδ T cells and to a lesser extent by CD4αβ+ T cells, but not by iNKT cells, 24 hrs after BLM administration. Moreover, IL-23p19 and IL-17A expressions or IL-17RA signaling are necessary to pulmonary TGF-β1 production, collagen deposition and evolution to fibrosis. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate the existence of an early IL-1β-IL-23-IL-17A axis leading to pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis and identify innate IL-23 and IL-17A as interesting drug targets for IL-1β driven lung pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paméla Gasse
- University of Orleans and CNRS, UMR6218, Orleans, France
| | - Nicolas Riteau
- University of Orleans and CNRS, UMR6218, Orleans, France
| | - Rachel Vacher
- University of Orleans and CNRS, UMR6218, Orleans, France
| | | | - Alain Fautrel
- INSERM U991, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
- H2P2 Histopathological platform IFR140 INSERM U991, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | | | - Lizette Fick
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sabine Charron
- University of Orleans and CNRS, UMR6218, Orleans, France
| | | | - Gérard Eberl
- Institute Pasteur, Laboratory of Lymphoid Tissue Development, CNRS URA 1961, Paris, France
| | - Marc Le Bert
- University of Orleans and CNRS, UMR6218, Orleans, France
| | | | | | | | - Bernhard Ryffel
- University of Orleans and CNRS, UMR6218, Orleans, France
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Isabelle Couillin
- University of Orleans and CNRS, UMR6218, Orleans, France
- Key-Obs S. A S., Orleans, France
- * E-mail:
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Rabolli V, Lo Re S, Uwambayinema F, Yakoub Y, Lison D, Huaux F. Lung fibrosis induced by crystalline silica particles is uncoupled from lung inflammation in NMRI mice. Toxicol Lett 2011; 203:127-34. [PMID: 21414392 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Revised: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies in rats have suggested a causal relationship between progressive pulmonary inflammation and lung fibrosis induced by crystalline silica particles. We report here that, in NMRI mice, the lung response to silica particles is accompanied by a mild and non progressive pulmonary inflammation which is dispensable for the development of lung fibrosis. We found that glucocorticoid (dexamethasone) dramatically reduced lung injury, cellular inflammation and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression (TNF-α, IL-1β and KC) but had no significant effect on silica-induced lung fibrosis and expression of the fibrogenic and suppressive cytokines TGF-β and IL-10 in mice. Other anti-inflammatory molecules such as the COX inhibitor piroxicam or the phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor sildenafil also reduced lung inflammation without modifying collagen, TGF-β or IL-10 lung content. Our findings indicate that the development of lung fibrosis in silica-treated NMRI mice is not driven by inflammatory lung responses and suggest that suppressive cytokines may represent critical fibrotic factors and potential therapeutic targets in silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Rabolli
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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van den Brule S, Wallemme L, Uwambayinema F, Huaux F, Lison D. The D Prostanoid Receptor Agonist BW245C [(4S)-(3-[(3R,S)-3-cyclohexyl-3-hydroxypropyl]-2,5-dioxo)-4-imidazolidineheptanoic acid] Inhibits Fibroblast Proliferation and Bleomycin-Induced Lung Fibrosis in Mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010; 335:472-9. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.169250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Slavov E, Miteva L, Prakova G, Gidikova P, Stanilova S. Correlation between TNF-alpha and IL-12p40-containing cytokines in silicosis. Toxicol Ind Health 2010; 26:479-86. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233710373082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-12p40-containing cytokines, in silicosis patients and healthy donors exposed to silica dust, in an attempt to clarify the reason for variety of clinical outcomes between humans with similar exposure history. Serum levels of TNF-α, IL-12p40, IL-12p70 and IL-23 in total group of 62 silicosis patients, 24 healthy donors with similar exposure history like patients and 19 healthy donors without exposure were determined by enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The serum level of TNF-α was significantly higher in healthy donors exposed to SiO2 (22.4 ± 11.1 pg/mL) in comparison with non-exposed healthy donors (14.8 ± 8.8 pg/mL; p = 0.022) and similar to that in silicosis patients. In total, group of silicosis patients significantly elevated levels of TNF-α (20.9 ± 12.9 vs. 14.8 ± 8.8 pg/mL; p = 0.047) and IL-12p40 (94.5 ± 51.6 pg/mL vs. 68.7 ± 26.2 pg/mL; p = 0.029) compared to non-exposed healthy donors were observed. In addition, a strong positive correlation between TNF-α and IL-23 levels (r = 0.678; p = 0.022) and between TNF-α and IL-12p70 levels (r = 0.75; p = 0.0003) was detected in the group of exposed healthy donors, while in the group of silicosis patients, a significant positive correlation was observed only between TNF-α and IL-12p40 (r = 0.434; p = 0.00048), in contrast to other IL-12p40 containing cytokines. In conclusion, we could assume that the elevated serum levels of TNF-α are associated with exposition to silica particles, while the elevation of both TNF-α and IL-12p40 is associated with silicosis development and severity. Additionally, the balance between IL-12p40-containing cytokines may also contribute to the silicosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Slavov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Immunology & Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - L. Miteva
- Department of Molecular Biology, Immunology & Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - G. Prakova
- First Internal Clinic, University Hospital, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - P. Gidikova
- Department of Hygiene and Medical Ecology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - S. Stanilova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Immunology & Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria,
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Giordano G, van den Brûle S, Lo Re S, Triqueneaux P, Uwambayinema F, Yakoub Y, Couillin I, Ryffel B, Michiels T, Renauld JC, Lison D, Huaux F. Type I interferon signaling contributes to chronic inflammation in a murine model of silicosis. Toxicol Sci 2010; 116:682-92. [PMID: 20513754 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung disorders induced by inhaled inorganic particles such as crystalline silica are characterized by chronic inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis. Here, we demonstrate the importance of type I interferon (IFN) in the development of crystalline silica-induced lung inflammation in mice, revealing that viruses and inorganic particles share similar signaling pathways. We found that instillation of silica is followed by the upregulation of IFN-beta and IRF-7 and that granulocytes (GR1(+)) and macrophages/dendritic cells (CD11c(+)) are major producers of type I IFN in response to silica. Two months after silica administration, both IFNAR- and IRF-7-deficient mice produced significantly less pulmonary inflammation and chemokines (KC and CCL2) than competent mice but developed similar lung fibrosis. Our data indicate that type I IFN contributes to the chronic lung inflammation that accompanies silica exposure in mice. Type I IFN is, however, dispensable in the development of silica-induced acute lung inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Giordano
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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Wilson MS, Madala SK, Ramalingam TR, Gochuico BR, Rosas IO, Cheever AW, Wynn TA. Bleomycin and IL-1beta-mediated pulmonary fibrosis is IL-17A dependent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 207:535-52. [PMID: 20176803 PMCID: PMC2839145 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20092121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 558] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a destructive inflammatory disease with limited therapeutic options. To better understand the inflammatory responses that precede and concur with collagen deposition, we used three models of pulmonary fibrosis and identify a critical mechanistic role for IL-17A. After exposure to bleomycin (BLM), but not Schistosoma mansoni eggs, IL-17A produced by CD4+ and γδ+ T cells induced significant neutrophilia and pulmonary fibrosis. Studies conducted with C57BL/6 il17a−/− mice confirmed an essential role for IL-17A. Mechanistically, using ifnγ−/−, il10−/−, il10−/−il12p40−/−, and il10−/−il17a−/− mice and TGF-β blockade, we demonstrate that IL-17A–driven fibrosis is suppressed by IL-10 and facilitated by IFN-γ and IL-12/23p40. BLM-induced IL-17A production was also TGF-β dependent, and recombinant IL-17A–mediated fibrosis required TGF-β, suggesting cooperative roles for IL-17A and TGF-β in the development of fibrosis. Finally, we show that fibrosis induced by IL-1β, which mimics BLM-induced fibrosis, is also highly dependent on IL-17A. IL-17A and IL-1β were also increased in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with IPF. Together, these studies identify a critical role for IL-17A in fibrosis, illustrating the potential utility of targeting IL-17A in the treatment of drug and inflammation-induced fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Wilson
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Dobreva ZG, Prakova GR, Slavov ES, Stanilova SA. Changes of cytokine production and cell viability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from silicosis patients: effect of in vitro treatment with acetylsalicylic acid. Toxicol Ind Health 2009; 26:3-9. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233709354555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, IL-6 and IL-12p40 production and cell viability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from silicosis patients after in vitro stimulation were investigated. Furthermore, the effects of introducing acetylsalicylic acid to stimulated patients’ peripheral blood mononuclear cells on cytokine production and cell viability were determined. Nine patients with moderate silicosis, 11 with severe silicosis and 14 healthy subjects were recruited for this study. The level of IL-6 produced by patients peripheral blood mononuclear cells decreased depending on the stage of the disease. The addition of acetylsalicylic acid had significantly suppressive effect on the IL-6 production by lipopolysaccharide—stimulated patients’ peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Acetylsalicylic acid treatment of C3 binding glycoprotein—stimulated patients’ peripheral blood mononuclear cells led to significant upregulation of IL-12p40 production. Results showed a stage-dependent decrease of cell viability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from silicosis patients. Acetylsalicylic acid significantly decreased cell viability entirely in stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with severe silicosis. In conclusion, this study showed that the disease progression affects peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with silicosis and causes functional changes that became apparent after stimulation. Our study demonstrated that in severe silicosis the treatment with acetylsalicylic acid, as an anti-inflammatory agent, might not be beneficial for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlatka Georgieva Dobreva
- Department of Molecular Biology, Immunology & Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria,
| | | | - Emil Slavov Slavov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Immunology & Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Spaska Angelova Stanilova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Immunology & Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
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Ather JL, Alcorn JF, Brown AL, Guala AS, Suratt BT, Janssen-Heininger YMW, Poynter ME. Distinct functions of airway epithelial nuclear factor-kappaB activity regulate nitrogen dioxide-induced acute lung injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2009; 43:443-51. [PMID: 19901348 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2008-0416oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxidants such as nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) injure the pulmonary epithelium, causing airway damage and inflammation. We previously demonstrated that nuclear factor-κ B (NF-κB) activation within airway epithelial cells occurs in response to NO(2) inhalation, and is critical for lipopolysaccharide-induced or antigen-induced inflammatory responses. Here, we investigated whether manipulation of NF-κB activity in lung epithelium affected severe lung injuries induced by NO(2) inhalation. Wild-type C57BL/6J, CC10-IκBα(SR) transgenic mice with repressed airway epithelial NF-κB function, or transgenic mice expressing a doxycycline-inducible, constitutively active I κ B kinase β (CC10-rTet-(CA)IKKβ) with augmented NF-κB function in airway epithelium, were exposed to toxic levels of 25 ppm or 50 ppm NO(2) for 6 hours a day for 1 or 3 days. In wild-type mice, NO(2) caused the activation of NF-κB in airway epithelium after 6 hours, and after 3 days resulted in severe acute lung injury, characterized by neutrophilia, peribronchiolar lesions, and increased protein, lactate dehydrogenase, and inflammatory cytokines. Compared with wild-type mice, neutrophilic inflammation and elastase activity, lung injury, and several proinflammatory cytokines were significantly suppressed in CC10-IκBα(SR) mice exposed to 25 or 50 ppm NO(2). Paradoxically, CC10-rTet-(CA)IKKβ mice that received doxycycline showed no further increase in NO(2)-induced lung injury compared with wild-type mice exposed to NO(2), instead displaying significant reductions in histologic parameters of lung injury, despite elevations in several proinflammatory cytokines. These intriguing findings demonstrate distinct functions of airway epithelial NF-κB activities in oxidant-induced severe acute lung injury, and suggest that although airway epithelial NF-κB activities modulate NO(2)-induced pulmonary inflammation, additional NF-κB-regulated functions confer partial protection from lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Ather
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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Yamauchi K, Shibata Y, Kimura T, Abe S, Inoue S, Osaka D, Sato M, Igarashi A, Kubota I. Azithromycin suppresses interleukin-12p40 expression in lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma stimulated macrophages. Int J Biol Sci 2009; 5:667-78. [PMID: 19893639 PMCID: PMC2773416 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.5.667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Azithromycin (AZM), a 15-member macrolide antibiotic, possesses anti-inflammatory activity. Macrophages are important in innate and acquired immunity, and produce pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-12, which are composed of subunit p40 and p35. The key function of IL-12 is the induction and maintenance of T-helper-1 responses, which is associated with the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases. We investigated the effect of azithromycin on IL-12p40 production in macrophages after lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon (IFN)-γ stimulation. RAW264.7 macrophage cell line was pre-treated with vehicle or AZM, followed by the stimulation with LPS/IFN-γ. We measured IL-12 production by RT-PCR and ELISA. IL-12 transcriptional regulation was assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and reporter assay. Phosphorylation of activator protein (AP)-1 and interferon consensus sequence binding protein (ICSBP) was assessed by immunoprecipitation using phosphotyrosine antibody, and immunoblotting using specific antibodies against JunB and ICSBP. AZM reduced the induction of IL-12p40 by LPS/IFN-γ in a dose dependent manner. AZM inhibited the binding of AP-1, nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), and ICSBP, to the DNA binding site in the IL-12p40 promoter. AZM also reduced LPS/IFN-γ-induced IL-12p40 promoter activity. Phosphorylation of JunB and ICSBP was inhibited by azithromycin-treatment in stimulated cells. In conclusion, AZM reduced IL-12p40 transcriptional activity by inhibiting the binding of AP-1, NFAT, and ICSBP to the promoter site. This may represent an important mechanism for regulating the anti-inflammatory effects of AZM in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Yamauchi
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
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Klinman DM, Tross D, Klaschik S, Shirota H, Sato T. Therapeutic applications and mechanisms underlying the activity of immunosuppressive oligonucleotides. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1175:80-8. [PMID: 19796080 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04970.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) capable of "neutralizing" or "inhibiting" immune responses have been described. This review will focus on the properties of phosphorothioate ODN that mimic the immunosuppressive activity of the repetitive TTAGGG motifs present in mammalian telomeres. These TTAGGG multimers block the production of pro-inflammatory and T helper type 1 cytokines elicited when immune cells are activated by a wide variety of Toll-like receptor ligands, polyclonal activators, and antigens. Several mechanisms contribute to the suppressive activity of such ODN. Ongoing microarray studies indicate that suppressive ODN interfere with the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and STAT4, thereby blocking the inflammation mediated by STAT-associated signaling cascades. In animal models, suppressive ODN can be used to prevent or treat diseases characterized by persistent immune activation, including collagen-induced arthritis, inflammatory arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, silicosis, and toxic shock. These findings suggest that TTAGGG multimers may find broad use in the treatment of diseases characterized by over-exuberant/persistent immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis M Klinman
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA.
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Serum neopterin in workers exposed to inorganic dust containing free crystalline silicon dioxide. Open Med (Wars) 2009. [DOI: 10.2478/s11536-008-0084-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe study was conducted among 92 male workers, divided into two groups depending on workplace and level of inorganic dust containing free crystalline SiO2 in the work environment, and 43 healthy workers without exposure to dust aerosols. The measured inhalable and respirable dust concentrations, as well as the concentration of free crystalline silica (FCS) in the respirable fraction were different for the two groups, but the percentage of free crystalline silica in the respirable fraction was almost identical. Significantly higher neopterin levels were found in workers exposed to dust, compared to the control group: 12.72 nmol/L and 6.32 nmol/L respectively (p<0.05). No significant difference was found between serum neopterin levels in both groups of the exposed workers. Among the groups with different length of service, a statistically higher neopterin level was evident only in the workers with length of service less than 10 years (p<0.05). The correlation analysis did not find a significant dependence of neopterin levels on the age of the studied workers or on the duration of smoking in packet years. The difference between neopterin levels in smokers and non-smokers was nonsignificant. The results obtained show that increased neopterin levels in the exposed workers are not influenced by individual features, duration and level of exposure to inorganic dust, but mostly by the presence of FCS in the respirable fraction.
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Onari Y, Yokoyama A, Haruta Y, Nakashima T, Iwamoto H, Hattori N, Kohno N. IL-12p40 is essential for the down-regulation of airway hyperresponsiveness in a mouse model of bronchial asthma with prolonged antigen exposure. Clin Exp Allergy 2008; 39:290-8. [PMID: 19032358 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2008.03131.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported a mouse model of bronchial asthma showing eosinophilic inflammation, but not airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), after prolonged antigen exposure. This model showed an increase of IL-12 in the lung. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the role of IL-12p40 in a murine asthma model with prolonged antigen exposures. METHODS An ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma model was first established in wild-type (WT) and IL-12p40-deficient (IL-12p40(-/-)) mice. Both strains of mice were further exposed to either OVA (prolonged exposure group) or phosphate-buffered saline (positive control group) 3 days per week for 3 weeks. During week 4, both groups of mice were given a final challenge with OVA. RESULTS Prolonged antigen exposures resulted in marked suppression of airway eosinophilia in both WT and IL-12p40(-/-) mice. However, AHR persisted in IL-12p40(-/-) but not in WT mice. There were no significant differences of IL-5, IL-13 or IFN-gamma levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid between WT and IL-12p40(-/-) mice. The hydroxyproline content of the lung and peribronchial fibrosis were, however, significantly increased in IL-12p40(-/-) mice. CONCLUSION The results suggest that endogenous IL-12p40 is essential for inhibition of AHR and peribronchial fibrosis, but not eosinophilic inflammation, in a murine asthma model with prolonged antigen exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Onari
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Sato T, Shimosato T, Alvord WG, Klinman DM. Suppressive oligodeoxynucleotides inhibit silica-induced pulmonary inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:7648-54. [PMID: 18490767 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.11.7648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Inhalation of silica-containing dust particles induces silicosis, an inflammatory disease of the lungs characterized by the infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils into the lungs and the production of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) expressing "immunosuppressive motifs" were recently shown to block pathologic inflammatory reactions in murine models of autoimmune disease. Based on those findings, the potential of suppressive ODN to prevent acute murine silicosis was examined. In vitro studies indicate that suppressive ODN blunt silica-induced macrophage toxicity. This effect was associated with a reduction in ROS production and p47phox expression (a subunit of NADPH oxidase key to ROS generation). In vivo studies show that pretreatment with suppressive (but not control) ODN reduces silica-dependent pulmonary inflammation, as manifest by fewer infiltrating cells, less cytokine/chemokine production, and lower levels of ROS (p < 0.01 for all parameters). Treatment with suppressive ODN also reduced disease severity and improved the survival (p < 0.05) of mice exposed to silica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Sato
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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Antifibrotic action of pirfenidone and prednisolone: different effects on pulmonary cytokines and growth factors in bleomycin-induced murine pulmonary fibrosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 590:400-8. [PMID: 18598692 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2007] [Revised: 05/23/2008] [Accepted: 06/05/2008] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Pirfenidone, a broad-spectrum antifibrotic agent, is known to have efficacy in certain fibrotic disease models, and is under clinical trials in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. We investigated the antifibrotic effect of pirfenidone, and its regulatory effect on various pulmonary cytokines, in bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice at the protein level, using prednisolone as a reference agent. Pirfenidone attenuated the bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis at a minimum effective dose of 30 mg/kg/day t.i.d. from the analysis of lung hydroxyproline content. Both pirfenidone (30, 100 mg/kg/day t.i.d) and prednisolone (3, 15 mg/kg/day q.d.) suppressed lung inflammatory edema; however, prednisolone failed to suppress pulmonary fibrosis, which was significantly suppressed only by pirfenidone. Both pirfenidone and prednisolone suppressed the increase in lung interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-12p40 and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 levels induced by bleomycin. On the other hand, pirfenidone prevented the bleomycin-induced decrease in lung interferon (IFN)-gamma levels, while prednisolone had no such effect. Furthermore, pirfenidone suppressed elevation of lung basic-fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 levels, but prednisolone had no such effect. The increases in lung stroma cell derived factor (SDF)-1alpha and IL-18 were also suppressed. These findings suggest that pirfenidone exerts its antifibrotic effect through regulation of lung IFN-gamma, bFGF and TGF-beta1 levels during the development of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. The effect on SDF-1alpha and IL-18 levels may also be related to the antifibrotic effects of pirfenidone.
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Antitumor activity of liposomal prednisolone phosphate depends on the presence of functional tumor-associated macrophages in tumor tissue. Neoplasia 2008; 10:108-17. [PMID: 18283332 DOI: 10.1593/neo.07913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2007] [Revised: 11/15/2007] [Accepted: 11/15/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prednisolone phosphate (PLP) encapsulated in long-circulating liposomes (LCLs) (LCL-PLP) exerts antitumor activity through the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. It is known that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a crucial role in tumor growth as they are actively involved in promoting and maintaining tumor angiogenesis. To gain more insight into the antiangiogenic mechanisms of LCL-PLP, this study aimed to investigate the role of TAM in the antitumor mode of action of LCL-PLP in B16.F10 melanoma-bearing mice. Our results show that TAMs have a pivotal function in the growth of B16.F10 melanoma through the production of pro-angiogenic/pro-inflammatory factors. One of the major inhibitory actions of LCL-PLP on tumor growth is the reduction of the TAM-mediated production of pro-angiogenic factors, whereas production of anti-angiogenic factors by these cells is hardly affected.
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Gu YS, Kong J, Cheema GS, Keen CL, Wick G, Gershwin ME. The immunobiology of systemic sclerosis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2008; 38:132-60. [PMID: 18221988 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2007.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2007] [Revised: 08/08/2007] [Accepted: 10/07/2007] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic connective tissue disease characterized by vascular damage, autoimmunity, and excessive collagen deposition. Despite advances in disease-specific treatment of other rheumatologic diseases, disease-targeted treatment in SSc continues to be elusive. In this review, our goal was to place the contemporary immunobiology of SSc in the perspective of clinical medicine. METHODS We performed a PubMed search for the period from 1989 to 2007, using the keyword, "systemic sclerosis," resulting in a total of 9099 publications, including 1252 reviews. Articles were then selected based on their discussion of recent advances in the elusive pathogenesis of SSc. A final total of 259 articles were chosen for the review. RESULTS The SSc hallmarks of vascular damage, immunologic activation, and collagen deposition can be traced to 4 major factors: T-cells, fibroblasts, B-cells, and cytokines/chemokines. T-cells are a major component of the infiltrate in skin and lung, exhibiting increased expression of activation markers and showing signs of antigen-driven expansion. Preliminary data indicate that induction of oral tolerance with collagen, a target of SSc T-cell responses, is associated with clinical benefits. Although this suggests that T-cells participate in the pathogenesis of SSc, their precise role and antigen specificity largely remain to be elucidated. Defective numbers and functions of certain T-cell subsets, such as natural killer and gammadelta T-cells, may be involved in the failure to maintain tolerance. Other data suggest that gammadelta T-cells may themselves be effector cells in endothelial cell cytotoxicity. There are several lines of evidence for a pathogenic role of B-cells in SSc, in particular, through the production of autoantibodies. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity is a primary pathogenic event in an animal model of SSc and is likely to be involved in human SSc. Nonetheless, there is as yet no convincing evidence for the pathogenicity of SSc-specific antibodies. SSc fibroblasts exhibit a specific phenotype characterized not only by excessive collagen production but also by increased responsiveness to and production of cytokines and chemokines. This phenotype is induced by a complex network of cytokines and chemokines but appears to be maintained in the absence of exogenous stimuli via the autocrine production of some of these factors by SSc fibroblasts themselves, particularly transforming growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and interleukin-1. CONCLUSIONS Significant variations in laboratory data among patients suggest that the pathology reflects a heterogeneous disease. Nonetheless, the possibility of achieving clinical benefits by inducing oral tolerance highlights the importance of characterizing SSc T-cell antigens. It is hoped that the identification of some of the key players in the induction and maintenance of the SSc fibroblast phenotype may yield new disease-targeted treatment regimens for patients with SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Stephanie Gu
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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Stanilova S, Miteva L, Prakova G. IL-12Bpro and GSTP1 polymorphisms in association with silicosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 71:169-74. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2007.00985.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Stanilova S, Miteva L, Prakova G. Interleukin-12B-3'UTR polymorphism in association with IL-12p40 and IL-12p70 serum levels and silicosis severity. Int J Immunogenet 2007; 34:193-9. [PMID: 17504509 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2007.00680.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Susceptibility to silicosis and to disease severity is in part genetically determined. In this study, the role of IL-12B-3'UTR polymorphism in susceptibility and severity of silicosis and its influence on IL-12p40 and IL-12p70 serum level were investigated. The quantity of IL-12p40 and IL-12p70 was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the genotype of IL-12B was determined using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment-length polymorphism method. We observed elevated IL-12p40 in contrast to IL-12p70 serum levels in a group of 62 silicosis patients compared with both control groups. In severe silicosis patients, we detected the highest IL-12p40 serum levels (129.1 +/- 67.7 pg mL(-1)); lower in patients with the moderate (94 +/- 41.6 pg mL(-1)), whereas in mild silicosis, the IL-12p40 levels (67 +/- 23.5 pg mL(-1)) was similar to these in healthy donors. According to IL-12B polymorphism, increased serum levels were observed in subjects with AA genotype (103.2 +/- 46.9 pg mL(-1)) compared to silicosis patients with AC genotype (82.7 +/- 38.3 pg mL(-1)). No significant differences of genotype and allele frequencies of the 3'UTR polymorphism were observed between silicosis patients and healthy controls. However, the heterozygous genotype was found approximately five times more frequently in patients with mild and moderate (48% and 52%) silicosis compared to patients with severe silicosis (11%), and that IL-12B polymorphism may contribute to silicosis severity rather than to susceptibility. Our data demonstrated that elevated serum IL-12p40, independently of IL-12p70 levels, is associated with severity of silicosis, and suggested that IL-12p40 profibrotic activity may contribute to silicosis severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Stanilova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There is compelling evidence that the immune responses induced by crystalline silica particles are implicated in the development of silicosis. This article reviews recent observations which further delineate how innate and adaptive immunity are involved in this lung disease. RECENT FINDINGS First, silica particles are recognized to have pathogen-associated molecular patterns by the innate immune system. The MARCO receptor expressed on the surface of macrophages appears crucial for the recognition and the uptake of silica as well as the activation of these immune cells in silicosis. Additional data support a major role of inflammation (mast cells, B lymphocytes and TNFalpha) in the development of lung fibrosis but also cancer. Silica-induced acute inflammation is accompanied by thrombosis; strongly suggesting that inhaled silica particles may also induce extrapulmonary lesions. Surprisingly, a pronounced anti-inflammatory reaction may also contribute to silica-induced lung fibrosis in mice and represent an additional etiopathogenic pathway of silicosis. Interestingly, it has been proposed that the pulmonary expression of IL-9 (a T lymphocyte-related interleukin) or Heme oxygenase-1 (an anti-inflammatory molecule) attenuated silicotic disease progression in animals. SUMMARY New pathogenic routes involving innate receptors and antiinflammation as well as new antifibrotic immune mediators have been recently described in experimental silicosis, highlighting new potential therapeutic targets and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Huaux
- Unit of Industrial Toxicology and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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Denis O, van den Brûle S, Heymans J, Havaux X, Rochard C, Huaux F, Huygen K. Chronic intranasal administration of mould spores or extracts to unsensitized mice leads to lung allergic inflammation, hyper-reactivity and remodelling. Immunology 2007; 122:268-78. [PMID: 17506853 PMCID: PMC2265999 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2007.02636.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a serious multifaceted disease characterized by eosinophil-rich airway inflammation, airway hyperreactivity and airway wall modifications known as remodelling. We previously demonstrated that the spores of two allergenic moulds, Alternaria alternata and Cladosporium herbarum, were potent inducers of immunoglobulin E (IgE) production. Moreover, mice sensitized by two intraperitoneal injections before intranasal challenge with A. alternata or C. herbarum spores developed an allergic lung inflammation and hyperreactivity. Here we report on the effect of chronic intranasal administration of C. herbarum spores or A. alternata extracts to unsensitized BALB/c mice. Our results demonstrate that this chronic treatment led to an increase of total serum IgE and the appearance of specific IgE and IgG1. Total cell number in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from treated mice was highly increased compared to phosphate-buffered-saline-treated mice because of the accumulation of macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes and eosinophils. Airway hyperreactivity appeared after 3 weeks (extract) and 7 weeks (spores) and was maintained during the whole treatment. Increased interleukin-13 mRNA expression in the lungs and T helper type 2 cytokines (interleukin-4, -5, -6 and -13) and transforming growth factor-beta secretion in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were also observed. Lung hydroxyproline and fibronectin contents indicated increased fibrosis in mice treated with mould allergen. These observations were confirmed by histological analysis demonstrating airway wall remodelling and strong mucus production. These observations show that this model, using chronic intranasal administration of relevant particulate allergens, is an interesting tool for the study of mechanisms leading to allergic pulmonary diseases and lung remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Denis
- Allergology Unit, WIV-Pasteur Institute of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.
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van den Brûle S, Heymans J, Havaux X, Renauld JC, Lison D, Huaux F, Denis O. Profibrotic effect of IL-9 overexpression in a model of airway remodeling. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2007; 37:202-9. [PMID: 17446528 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2006-0397oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-9 overexpression protects against alveolar fibrosis induced by crystalline silica particles. This cytokine is also involved in allergic asthma. In the present study, we examined the effect of IL-9 overexpression on the subepithelial fibrotic response, a feature of asthmatic remodeling, induced by chronic exposure to Alternaria alternata extract. IL-9-overexpressing mice (Tg5) and their wild-type counterparts (FVB) were intranasally exposed to A. alternata extract or PBS (controls) twice a week during 3 mo. At the end of the allergic challenge, enhanced pause (Penh) measured in response to methacholine and fibrotic parameters, such as collagen and fibronectin lung content, were significantly higher in Tg5 compared with FVB. Staining of lung sections with Masson's Trichrome also showed more collagen fibers in peribronchial areas of treated Tg5 mice. A similar recruitment of inflammatory cells was observed in challenged FVB and Tg5 mice, except for eosinophils, which were significantly more abundant in the lung of Tg5. High serum levels of IgE and IgG1 in both strains indicated that FVB and Tg5 developed a strong type 2 immune response. The concentration of the eosinophil chemoattractant RANTES and the profibrotic mediator connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) was higher in the BAL of challenged Tg5 than FVB. These results demonstrate a profibrotic role of IL-9 in an airway remodeling model, possibly involving eosinophils and CTGF. These data also highlight a dual role of IL-9 in lung fibrosis, being anti- or profibrotic depending on the alveolar or airway localization of the process, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybille van den Brûle
- Unit of Industrial Toxicology and Occupational Medicine, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier, 53.02, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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Young LR, Pasula R, Gulleman PM, Deutsch GH, McCormack FX. Susceptibility of Hermansky-Pudlak mice to bleomycin-induced type II cell apoptosis and fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2007; 37:67-74. [PMID: 17363777 PMCID: PMC1899346 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2006-0469oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary inflammation, abnormalities in type II cell and macrophage morphology, and pulmonary fibrosis are features of Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome (HPS), a recessive disorder associated with intracellular trafficking defects. We have previously reported that "Pearl" (HPS2) and "Pale Ear" (HPS1) mouse models have pulmonary inflammatory dysregulation and constitutive alveolar macrophage (AM) activation (Young LR et al., J Immunol 2006;176:4361-4368). In the current study, we used these HPS models to investigate mechanisms of lung fibrosis. Unchallenged HPS1 and HPS2 mice have subtle airspace enlargement and foamy AMs, but little or no histologic evidence of lung fibrosis. Seven days after intratracheal bleomycin (0.025 units), HPS1 and HPS2 mice exhibited increased mortality and diffuse pulmonary fibrosis compared to strain-matched C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) mice. HPS mice had significantly increased collagen deposition, and reduced quasi-static and static compliance consistent with a restrictive defect. The early airway and parenchymal cellular inflammatory responses to bleomycin were similar in HPS2 and WT mice. Greater elevations in levels of TGF-beta and IL-12p40 were produced in the lungs and AMs from bleomycin-challenged HPS mice than in WT mice. TUNEL staining revealed apoptosis of type II cells as early as 5 h after low-dose bleomycin challenge in HPS mice, suggesting that type II cell susceptibility to apoptosis may play a role in the fibrotic response. We conclude that the trafficking abnormalities in HPS promote alveolar apoptosis and pulmonary fibrosis in response to bleomycin challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa R Young
- University of Cincinnati, Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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Misson P, Brombacher F, Delos M, Lison D, Huaux F. Type 2 immune response associated with silicosis is not instrumental in the development of the disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2007; 292:L107-13. [PMID: 16997884 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00503.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that the development of lung fibrosis is associated with a T helper type 2 response, mainly characterized by IL-4 and IL-13 production. We investigated the potential role of type 2 immune polarization in the silicotic process and examined the pulmonary response to silica particles in mice genetically deficient for IL-4. We found that IL-4−/− mice were not protected against the development of silicosis, suggesting that IL-4 is not essential for the development of this fibrotic disease. By evaluating the intensity of silica-induced lung fibrosis in mice deficient for IL-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα), we showed that the establishment of pulmonary fibrosis was independent of both IL-4 and IL-13. Strong impairment of the type 2 immune response (IgG1) in the lungs of IL-4−/− and IL-4Rα−/− mice did not affect the development of the disease. Measurement of IL-13α2 receptor expression and IgG2a, IL-12p70, and IFN-γ levels in silica-treated IL-4−/− and IL-4Rα−/− animals showed that the development of silicosis was not related to an IL-13 signaling pathway or a switch to a type 1 response in deficient animals. Our data clearly indicate that the type 2 immune response associated with silicosis in mice is not required for the development of this inflammatory and fibrotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Misson
- Unit of Industrial Toxicology and Occupational Medicine, Université Catholique de Louvain, 53.02 Ave. E. Mounier, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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Cooper AM, Khader SA. IL-12p40: an inherently agonistic cytokine. Trends Immunol 2006; 28:33-8. [PMID: 17126601 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2006.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2006] [Revised: 10/24/2006] [Accepted: 11/14/2006] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
IL-12p40 is known as a component of the bioactive cytokines interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23 but it is not widely recognized as having intrinsic functional activity. Recent publications have altered this perception and support an independent role for IL-12p40. IL-12p40 is induced in excess over the other subunits of IL-12 and IL-23 and can exist in a monomeric or homodimeric form. Its most widely appreciated function is to provide a negative feedback loop by competitively binding to the IL-12 receptor. However, IL-12p40 acts as a chemoattractant for macrophages and promotes the migration of bacterially stimulated dendritic cells. It is associated with several pathogenic inflammatory responses such as silicosis, graft rejection and asthma but it is also protective in a mycobacterial model. An appreciation of the independent function of IL-12p40 is important for improving our understanding of both protective and pathogenic immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Cooper
- Trudeau Institute Inc., 154 Algonquin Ave., Saranac Lake, NY 12983, USA.
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