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JMJD4-demethylated RIG-I prevents hepatic steatosis and carcinogenesis. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:161. [PMID: 36333807 PMCID: PMC9636772 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01381-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocarcinogenesis is driven by necroinflammation or metabolic disorders, and the underlying mechanisms remain largely elusive. We previously found that retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I), a sensor for recognizing RNA virus in innate immune cells, is mainly expressed by parenchymal hepatocytes in the liver. However, its roles in hepatocarcinogenesis are unknown, which is intensively investigated in this study. Methods DEN-induced necroinflammation-driven hepatocarcinogenesis and STAM NASH-hepatocarcinogenesis were carried out in hepatocyte-specific RIG-I knockout mice. The post-translational modification of RIG-I was determined by mass spectrometry, and specific antibodies against methylated lysine sites and the RIG-I lysine mutant mice were constructed to identify the functions of RIG-I methylation. Results We interestingly found that DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis was enhanced, while NASH-induced hepatocarcinogenesis was suppressed by hepatocyte-specific RIG-I deficiency. Further, IL-6 decreased RIG-I expression in HCC progenitor cells (HcPCs), which then viciously promoted IL-6 effector signaling and drove HcPCs to fully established HCC. RIG-I expression was increased by HFD, which then enhanced cholesterol synthesis and steatosis, and the in-turn NASH and NASH-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Mechanistically, RIG-I was constitutively mono-methylated at K18 and K146, and demethylase JMJD4-mediated RIG-I demethylation suppressed IL-6-STAT3 signaling. The constitutive methylated RIG-I associated with AMPKα to inhibit HMGCR phosphorylation, thus promoting HMGCR enzymatic activity and cholesterol synthesis. Clinically, RIG-I was decreased in human hepatic precancerous dysplastic nodules while increased in NAFLD livers, which were in accordance with the data in mouse models. Conclusions Decreased RIG-I in HcPCs promotes necroinflammation-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, while increased constitutive methylated RIG-I enhances steatosis and NASH-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. JMJD4-demethylated RIG-I prevents both necroinflammation and NASH-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, which provides mechanistic insight and potential target for preventing HCC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13045-022-01381-6.
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Zhao J, Jiang X, Yan L, Lin J, Guo H, Yu S, Ye B, Zhu J, Zhang W. Retinoic acid inducible gene-I slows down cellular senescence through negatively regulating the integrin β3/p38 MAPK pathway. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:3378-3392. [PMID: 31595820 PMCID: PMC6927694 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1677074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid inducible gene-I (Rig-I) has been well documented as a cytosolic pattern recognition receptor that can sense viral RNA ligands to initiate the interferon-mediated antiviral immunity. However, little is known about the biological behaviors of Rig-I devoid of viral infection. Herein, we investigated the roles of Rig-I in the regulation of cellular senescence. In comparison to wild-type counterparts, Rig-I-/- mice displayed the accelerated loss of hair, less responsiveness to gentle physical stimuli and shorten survival time. Likewise, Rig-I deficiency rendered mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) more susceptible to the serial passages-associated replicative senescence. By performing a transcriptome analysis, we identified integrins at the intersections of biological pathways affected by Rig-I. Among these, integrin β3 was negatively regulated by Rig-I, and significantly upregulated with the occurrence of senescence. Gene silencing of Itgb3 (encoding integrin β3) retarded the progression of cellular senescence in both WT and Rig-I-/- MEFs. Notably, this effect was more prominent in Rig-I-/- MEFs. Furthermore, p38 MAPK was a key downstream molecule for integrin β3-mediated senescence, and overactivated in senescent Rig-I-/- MEFs. Taken together, Rig-I deficiency contributes to cellular senescence through amplifying integrin β3/p38 MAPK signaling. Our findings provide the evidence that Rig-I is a key regulator of cellular senescence, which will be helpful in better understanding its function without viral infection.Abbreviations: Rig-I: retinoic acid inducible gene-I; SASP: senescence-associated secretory phenotype; ECM: extracellular matrix; Itgb3: integrin beta 3; PRR: pattern recognition receptor; MEFs: mouse embryonic fibroblasts; Il-1β: interleukin-1 beta; Il-6: interleukin-6; Il-8: interleukin-8; Cxcl1: chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1; Ccl2: chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2; WT, wild type; BM: bone marrow; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; ERK: extracellular signal-regulated kinases; JNK: Jun N-terminal kinases; SA-β-gal: senescence-associated β-galactosidase; qPCR: quantitative reverse-transcription PCR; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Hematology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xinyi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Hematology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jian Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hezhou Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanhe Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Baixin Ye
- Department of Hematology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhong M, Zhong C, Cui W, Wang G, Zheng G, Li L, Zhang J, Ren R, Gao H, Wang T, Li X, Che J, Gohda E. Induction of tolerogenic dendritic cells by activated TGF-β/Akt/Smad2 signaling in RIG-I-deficient stemness-high human liver cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:439. [PMID: 31088527 PMCID: PMC6515680 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5670-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dendritic cells (DCs) alter their role from being immunostimulatory to immunosuppressive at advanced stages of tumor progression, but the influence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and their secreted factors on generation and phenotypic change of DCs is unknown. Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) plays a role in regulation of other cellular processes including leukemic stemness besides its antiviral function. METHODS Short hairpin RNA-mediated gene silencing was employed to generate stable RIG-I-knocked-down human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines. Expression levels of genes and proteins in spheres of those HCC cells were determined by quantitative real-time PCR and Western bot, respectively. Levels of secreted cytokines were measured by ELISA. The surface molecule expression levels of DCs were analyzed using flow cytometry. The ability of DCs to induce proliferation of T cells was assessed by a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assay. RESULTS RIG-I-knocked-down HCC cells showed upregulated expression of stem cell marker genes, enhanced secretion of factors suppressing in vitro generation of DCs into the conditioned medium (CM), and induction of a phenotype of tumor-infiltrating DCs (TIDCs) with low levels of DC markers in their tumors in nude mice. Those DCs and TIDCs showed reduced MLR, indicating RIG-I deficiency-induced immunotolerance. The RIG-I-deficient HCC cells secreted more TGF-β1 than did reference cells. The tumors formed after injection of RIG-I-deficient HCC cells had higher TGF-β1 contents than did tumors derived from control cells. DC generation and MLR suppressed by the CM of RIG-I-deficient HCC cells were restored by an anti-TGF-β1 antibody. TGF-β1-induced phosphorylation of Smad2 and Akt was enhanced in RIG-I-deficient HCC spheres, knockdown of AKT gene expression abolishing the augmentation of TGF-β1-induced Smad2 phosphorylation. Akt and p-Akt were co-immunoprecipitated with Smad2 in cytoplasmic proteins of RIG-I-deficient spheres but not in those of control spheres, the amounts of co-immunoprecipitated Akt and p-Akt being increased by TGF-β stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that RIG-I deficiency in HCC cells induced their stemness, enhanced secretion and signaling of TGF-β1, tolerogenic TIDCs and less generation of DCs, and the results suggest involvement of TGF-β1 in those RIG-I deficiency-induced tolerogenic changes and involvement of CSCs in DC-mediated immunotolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhong
- Institute of Tumor Pharmacology, Jining Medical College, Xueyuan Road 669, Rizhao, 276826 China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Division of Stem Cell Dynamics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wen Cui
- Institute of Tumor Pharmacology, Jining Medical College, Xueyuan Road 669, Rizhao, 276826 China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Institute of Tumor Pharmacology, Jining Medical College, Xueyuan Road 669, Rizhao, 276826 China
| | - Gongpu Zheng
- Institute of Tumor Pharmacology, Jining Medical College, Xueyuan Road 669, Rizhao, 276826 China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Tumor Pharmacology, Jining Medical College, Xueyuan Road 669, Rizhao, 276826 China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Tumor Pharmacology, Jining Medical College, Xueyuan Road 669, Rizhao, 276826 China
| | - Rujing Ren
- Institute of Tumor Pharmacology, Jining Medical College, Xueyuan Road 669, Rizhao, 276826 China
| | - Huijei Gao
- Institute of Tumor Pharmacology, Jining Medical College, Xueyuan Road 669, Rizhao, 276826 China
| | | | - Xin Li
- People’s Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, China
| | - Jiantu Che
- S&V Biological Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Eiichi Gohda
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Li XY, Das I, Lepletier A, Addala V, Bald T, Stannard K, Barkauskas D, Liu J, Aguilera AR, Takeda K, Braun M, Nakamura K, Jacquelin S, Lane SW, Teng MW, Dougall WC, Smyth MJ. CD155 loss enhances tumor suppression via combined host and tumor-intrinsic mechanisms. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:2613-2625. [PMID: 29757192 DOI: 10.1172/jci98769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical immune-suppressive pathways beyond programmed death 1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) require greater attention. Nectins and nectin-like molecules might be promising targets for immunotherapy, since they play critical roles in cell proliferation and migration and exert immunomodulatory functions in pathophysiological conditions. Here, we show CD155 expression in both malignant cells and tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells in humans and mice. Cd155-/- mice displayed reduced tumor growth and metastasis via DNAM-1 upregulation and enhanced effector function of CD8+ T and NK cells, respectively. CD155-deleted tumor cells also displayed slower tumor growth and reduced metastases, demonstrating the importance of a tumor-intrinsic role of CD155. CD155 absence on host and tumor cells exerted an even greater inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis. Blockade of PD-1 or both PD-1 and CTLA4 was more effective in settings in which CD155 was limiting, suggesting the clinical potential of cotargeting PD-L1 and CD155 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Yang Li
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory and
| | - Indrajit Das
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory and
| | | | - Venkateswar Addala
- Medical Genomics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tobias Bald
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory and
| | | | | | - Jing Liu
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory and
| | | | - Kazuyoshi Takeda
- Division of Cell Biology, Biomedical Research Center and Department of Biofunctional Microbiota, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Sebastien Jacquelin
- Gordon and Jessie Gilmour Leukaemia Research Laboratory, Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Steven W Lane
- Gordon and Jessie Gilmour Leukaemia Research Laboratory, Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michele Wl Teng
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,Cancer Immunoregulation and Immunotherapy and
| | - William C Dougall
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory and.,Immuno-oncology Discovery, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark J Smyth
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory and.,School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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Lin ZH, Liu H, Zhu L, Yang X, Zhang YP, Qian J, Liu HY. [Rapamycin affect the apoptosis of splenic CD4 +CD25 + regulatory T cells of mouse severe aplastic anemia model]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2018; 39:196-201. [PMID: 29562463 PMCID: PMC7342986 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the effects and possible mechanism of rapamycin (RAPA) on apoptosis of CD4+CD25+ Tregs from the mouse severe aplastic anemia (SAA) model. Methods: The BALB/c female SAA model mice were induced by interferon-gamma in combination with busulphan. The SAA model mice were intraperitoneal injection with RAPA at daily dose of 0.5 mg/kg for 5 days (the RAPA-treated group, n=15) in the SAA group (n=15) and the un-treated group (n=15) were control. Bone marrow hematopoiesis changes were observed by the patho-morphological examination of femurs. The mononuclear cells of the peripheral blood and spleen were subjected to assess the intracellular Foxp3 expression in CD4+CD25+ Tregs by flow cytometry (FCM). In addition, after being pured by immunomagnetic beads, the splenic CD4+CD25+ Tregs was subjected to assess apoptosis by FCM and the Akt and Stat3 phosphorylation by using of western blot. Results: The patho-morphological examination of femurs showed normal marrow cell proliferation in un-treated group and hypocellularity in both SAA group and RAPA-treat group, with an increase in the number of fat cells. The bone marrow hematopoietic tissue ratio in RAPA-treat group was higher than SAA group [(9.75±1.83)% vs (7.00±2.00)%, Δx=2.15% (95%CI 0.15%-5.35%), P=0.037]. In the SAA group, FCM analysis showed down-expression of Foxp3 in CD4+CD25+ Tregs compared with the un-treated group. However, after treatment with RAPA, the expression of Foxp3 in CD4+CD25+ Tregs was increased (P<0.017). Compared with the un-treated group, increased CD4+CD25+ Tregs apoptosis [(19.84±1.39)% vs (29.85±2.72)%] with increased Akt phosphorylation accompanied by increased Stat3 phosphorylation was found in SAA group (P<0.05, respectively). On the contrary, RAPA-treated group exhibited CD4+ CD25+ Tregs with a reduction in apoptosis rate [(22.39±3.71)%], Akt phosphorylation and Stat3 phosphorylation compared with the SAA group (P<0.05, respectively). Conclusion: These results indicate that RAPA may increase the expression of Foxp3 by down-regulation the levels of Akt and Stat3 phosphorylation and reduce apoptosis in splenic CD4+CD25+ Tregs from the mice model of SAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H Lin
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
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