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Einstein DJ, Halbert B, Denize T, Matar S, West DJ, Gupta M, Andrianopoulos E, Seery V, Herman C, Onimus K, Wells A, Bunch B, Signoretti S, Natarajan A, Veerapathran A, McDermott DF. Generation and Characterization of Ex Vivo Expanded Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes From Renal Cell Carcinoma Tumors for Adoptive Cell Therapy. J Immunother 2024:00002371-990000000-00115. [PMID: 38995718 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Autologous therapeutic tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy is a promising strategy to enhance antitumor immunity. Optimization of ex vivo TIL expansion could expand current immunotherapy options. Previous attempts to generate TIL in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have been technically challenging. We applied a second-generation manufacturing process, currently used to generate the melanoma TIL product lifileucel, in RCC. Resected primary and metastatic RCC samples were processed using the Gen 2 manufacturing process comprising of pre-Rapid Expansion Protocol (pre-REP) and REP steps. We assessed REP TILs for viability and performed phenotypic and functional characterization. We correlated the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) with successful TIL expansion. Eight of 11 RCC samples underwent successful REP. Three failed cases demonstrated low CD8/FoxP3 ratio and high expression of PD-1 within FoxP3 cells. Expression of exhaustion markers differed between the TIME and expanded TILs; the latter had a TIM3-high/PD-1-low phenotype but retained functional capacity comparable to lifileucel. The Gen 2 manufacturing process used for lifileucel successfully expanded functional TILs from RCC samples, enabling further study in a clinical trial. TIME features such as low CD8/FoxP3 ratio and high PD-1 expression within FoxP3 cells warrant study as potential biomarkers of successful TIL expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Einstein
- Division of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Brian Halbert
- Division of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Thomas Denize
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Sayed Matar
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Destiny J West
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Mamta Gupta
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | | | - Virginia Seery
- Division of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | | | - Sabina Signoretti
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - David F McDermott
- Division of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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2
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Pekayvaz K, Losert C, Knottenberg V, Gold C, van Blokland IV, Oelen R, Groot HE, Benjamins JW, Brambs S, Kaiser R, Gottschlich A, Hoffmann GV, Eivers L, Martinez-Navarro A, Bruns N, Stiller S, Akgöl S, Yue K, Polewka V, Escaig R, Joppich M, Janjic A, Popp O, Kobold S, Petzold T, Zimmer R, Enard W, Saar K, Mertins P, Huebner N, van der Harst P, Franke LH, van der Wijst MGP, Massberg S, Heinig M, Nicolai L, Stark K. Multiomic analyses uncover immunological signatures in acute and chronic coronary syndromes. Nat Med 2024; 30:1696-1710. [PMID: 38773340 PMCID: PMC11186793 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-02953-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Acute and chronic coronary syndromes (ACS and CCS) are leading causes of mortality. Inflammation is considered a key pathogenic driver of these diseases, but the underlying immune states and their clinical implications remain poorly understood. Multiomic factor analysis (MOFA) allows unsupervised data exploration across multiple data types, identifying major axes of variation and associating these with underlying molecular processes. We hypothesized that applying MOFA to multiomic data obtained from blood might uncover hidden sources of variance and provide pathophysiological insights linked to clinical needs. Here we compile a longitudinal multiomic dataset of the systemic immune landscape in both ACS and CCS (n = 62 patients in total, n = 15 women and n = 47 men) and validate this in an external cohort (n = 55 patients in total, n = 11 women and n = 44 men). MOFA reveals multicellular immune signatures characterized by distinct monocyte, natural killer and T cell substates and immune-communication pathways that explain a large proportion of inter-patient variance. We also identify specific factors that reflect disease state or associate with treatment outcome in ACS as measured using left ventricular ejection fraction. Hence, this study provides proof-of-concept evidence for the ability of MOFA to uncover multicellular immune programs in cardiovascular disease, opening new directions for mechanistic, biomarker and therapeutic studies.
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Grants
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)
- Deutsches Zentrum fr Herz-Kreislaufforschung (Deutsches Zentrum fr Herz-Kreislaufforschung e.V.)
- Deutsche Herzstiftung e.V., Frankfurt a.M. Institutional Strategy LMUexcellent of LMU Munich Else-Krner-Fresenius Stiftung DFG Clinician Scientist Programme PRIME DZHK Sule B Antrag DZHK B 21-014 SE
- Was supported by the Helmholtz Association under the joint research school ;Munich School for Data Science MUDS
- DFG GO 3823/1-1, grant number: 510821390 Frderprogramm fr Forschung und Lehre der Medizinischen Fakultt der LMU the Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF) Else Kroner-Fresenius-Stiftung
- Was supported by a grant from the Frderprogramm fur Forschung und Lehre (FFoLe) of the Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) of Munich.
- DFG SFB 1123, Z02
- DFG EN 1093/2-1
- DFG KO5055-2-1 and KO5055/3-1 the Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF) the international doctoral program i-Target: immunotargeting of cancer the Melanoma Research Alliance (grant number 409510), Marie Sklodowska-Curie Training Network for Optimizing Adoptive T Cell Therapy of Cancer (funded by the Horizon 2020 programme of the European Union; grant 955575), Else Kroner-Fresenius-Stiftung (IOLIN), German Cancer Aid (AvantCAR.de), the Wilhelm-Sander-Stiftung, Ernst Jung Stiftung, Institutional Strategy LMUexcellent of LMU Munich (within the framework of the German Excellence Initiative), the Go-Bio-Initiative, the m4-Award of the Bavarian Ministry for Economical Affairs, Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung, European Research Council (Starting Grant 756017 and PoC Grant 101100460, by the SFB-TRR 338/1 2021452881907, Fritz-Bender Foundation, Deutsche Jose#x0301; Carreras Leuk#x00E4;mie Stiftung, Hector Foundation, the Bavarian Research Foundation, the Bruno and Helene J#x00F6;ster Foundation (360#x00B0; CAR)
- T.P. from the DFG (PE 2704/3-1)
- DFG SFB1243, A14 DFG EN 1093/2-1,
- DZHK Säule B Antrag DZHK B 21-014 SE
- DZHK Säule B Antrag DZHK B 21-014 SE DFG SFB-1470-B03 the Chan Zuckerberg Foundation ERC Advanced Grant under the European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (AdG788970)
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) SFB 914, B02 and Z01 DFG SFB 1123, B06 DFG SFB1321, P10 DFG FOR 2033 ERC-2018-ADG German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) MHA 1.4VD
- DZHK project 81Z0600106 Supported by the Chan Zuckerberg Foundation
- DZHK S#x00E4;ule B Antrag DZHK B 21-014 SE Deutsche Herzstiftung e.V., Frankfurt a.M. DFG SFB 1123, B06 DFG NI 2219/2-1 Corona Foundation German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Clinician Scientist Programme the Ernst und Berta Grimmke Stiftung the GTH Junior research grant
- DZHK partner site project Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) SFB 914, B02 DFG SFB 1123, A07 DFG SFB 359, A03 ERC grant 947611
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Affiliation(s)
- Kami Pekayvaz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany.
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
| | - Corinna Losert
- Institute of Computational Biology, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Gold
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Irene V van Blokland
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roy Oelen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hilde E Groot
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Walter Benjamins
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sophia Brambs
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Rainer Kaiser
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Adrian Gottschlich
- Department of Medicine III, LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, LMU University Hospital, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Gordon Victor Hoffmann
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, LMU University Hospital, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Luke Eivers
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Nils Bruns
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Stiller
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Sezer Akgöl
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Keyang Yue
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Vivien Polewka
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Raphael Escaig
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Joppich
- Department of Informatics, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Aleksandar Janjic
- Anthropology and Human Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Popp
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kobold
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, LMU University Hospital, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), a partnership between DKFZ and LMU University Hospital, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Einheit für Klinische Pharmakologie (EKLiP), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Petzold
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmer
- Department of Informatics, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Enard
- Anthropology and Human Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Saar
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Mertins
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Huebner
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lude H Franke
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Monique G P van der Wijst
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Steffen Massberg
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Heinig
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
- Institute of Computational Biology, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Department of Computer Science, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.
| | - Leo Nicolai
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany.
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
| | - Konstantin Stark
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany.
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
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3
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Chinsuwan T, Hirabayashi K, Mishima S, Hasegawa A, Tanaka M, Mochizuki H, Shimoi A, Murakami T, Yagyu S, Shimizu K, Nakazawa Y. Ligand-based, piggyBac-engineered CAR-T cells targeting EGFR are safe and effective against non-small cell lung cancers. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 31:100728. [PMID: 37822488 PMCID: PMC10562194 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.100728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in various cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and in some somatic cells at a limited level, rendering it an attractive antitumor target. In this study, we engineered chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells using the piggyBac transposon system, autologous artificial antigen-presenting cells, and natural ligands of EGFR. We showed that this approach yielded CAR-T cells with favorable phenotypes and CAR positivity. They exhibited potent antitumor activity against NSCLC both in vitro and in vivo. When administered to tumor-bearing mice and non-tumor-bearing cynomolgus macaques, they did not elicit toxicity despite their cross-reactivity to both murine and simian EGFRs. In total we tested three ligands and found that the CAR candidate with the highest affinity consistently displayed greater potency without adverse events. Taken together, our results demonstrate the feasibility and safety of targeting EGFR-expressing NSCLCs using ligand-based, piggyBac-engineered CAR-T cells. Our data also show that lowering the affinity of CAR molecules is not always beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanyavi Chinsuwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Koichi Hirabayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Shuji Mishima
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Aiko Hasegawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Miyuki Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
- Center for Advanced Research of Gene and Cell Therapy, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Hidemi Mochizuki
- Center for Advanced Research of Gene and Cell Therapy, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
- Ina Research Inc., Ina, Nagano, Japan
| | - Akihito Shimoi
- Center for Advanced Research of Gene and Cell Therapy, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
- Ina Research Inc., Ina, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takashi Murakami
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Iruma, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shigeki Yagyu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
- Center for Advanced Research of Gene and Cell Therapy, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kimihiro Shimizu
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yozo Nakazawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
- Center for Advanced Research of Gene and Cell Therapy, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
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4
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Yan JJ, Liu BB, Yang Y, Liu MR, Wang H, Deng ZQ, Zhang ZW. Prognostic value of T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 expression in upper gastrointestinal tract tumors: A meta-analysis. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:2212-2224. [PMID: 38173439 PMCID: PMC10758650 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i12.2212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of robust prognostic markers for upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract cancers, including esophageal, gastric, and esophagogastric junction cancers. T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM3) plays a key immunomodulatory role and is linked to the prognosis of various cancers. However, the significance of TIM3 in upper GI tract tumors is still uncertain. AIM To investigate the prognostic value of TIM3 expression in upper GI tract tumors. METHODS A literature search was conducted on the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases for relevant studies published until June 2023. After screening and quality assessment, studies that met the criteria were included in the meta-analysis. Statistical methods were used for the pooled analysis to assess the association of TIM3 expression in upper GI tract tumors with the prognosis and clinicopathological parameters. The results were reported with the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Nine studies involving 2556 patients with upper GI tract cancer were included. High TIM3 expression was associated with a worse prognosis in upper GI tract cancer (HR: 1.17, 95%CI: 1.01-1.36). Positive expression of TIM3 in gastric cancer was correlated with the T and N stage, but the difference was not statistically significant. However, TIM3 overexpression was significantly correlated with the TNM stage (odds ratio: 1.21, 95%CI: 0.63-2.33; P < 0.05). TIM3 expression showed no association with the other clinicopathological parameters. CONCLUSION High expression of TIM3 in the upper GI tract cancer is associated with a worse prognosis and advanced T or N stages, indicating its potential value as a prognostic biomarker. These findings may provide a basis for the personalized treatment of upper GI tract cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Yan
- College of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Bing-Bing Liu
- College of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yan Yang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Meng-Ru Liu
- College of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Han Wang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhen-Quan Deng
- Department of Oncology, Handan First Hospital, Handan 056002, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056000, Hebei Province, China
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5
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Sauer N, Janicka N, Szlasa W, Skinderowicz B, Kołodzińska K, Dwernicka W, Oślizło M, Kulbacka J, Novickij V, Karłowicz-Bodalska K. TIM-3 as a promising target for cancer immunotherapy in a wide range of tumors. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:3405-3425. [PMID: 37567938 PMCID: PMC10576709 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03516-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM-3) expression has been a trending topic in recent years due to its differential expression in a wide range of neoplasms. TIM-3 is one of the key immune checkpoint receptors that interact with GAL-9, PtdSer, HMGB1 and CEACAM1. Initially identified on the surface of T helper 1 (Th1) lymphocytes and later on cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs), monocytes, macrophages, natural killer cells (NKs), and dendritic cells (DCs), TIM-3 plays a key role in immunoregulation. Recently, a growing body of evidence has shown that its differential expression in various tumor types indicates a specific prognosis for cancer patients. Here, we discuss which types of cancer TIM-3 can serve as a prognostic factor and the influence of coexpressed immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as LAG-3, PD-1, and CTLA-4 on patients' outcomes. Currently, experimental medicine involving TIM-3 has significantly enhanced the anti-tumor effect and improved patient survival. In this work, we summarized clinical trials incorporating TIM-3 targeting monoclonal and bispecific antibodies in monotherapy and combination therapy and highlighted the emerging role of cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Sauer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Janicka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Szlasa
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Wioletta Dwernicka
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Julita Kulbacka
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Department of Immunology, Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Vitalij Novickij
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Department of Immunology, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Faculty of Electronics, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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6
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Liu Z, Chen H, Tan C, Zha J, Liu H, Chen G. Activation of CD3+TIM3+ T Cells Contributes to Excessive Inflammatory Response During Glucocorticoid Treatment. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 212:115551. [PMID: 37044297 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, but recent research has challenged the notion that GCs are universally anti-inflammatory. In this study, we investigated the effects of long-term GC exposure on circulating T cells in a retrospective cohort of 5,476 patients with primary glomerular diseases. Our results revealed that GCs altered the composition pattern of circulating leukocytes and the correlation between circulating lymphocytes and serum cytokines in response to infections, as well as the subsets of CD4+ T cells. Specifically, GCs promoted the loss of CD4+ T cells and increased the proportions of CD3+TIM3+ T cells in response to infections, which correlated with the expression of serum inflammatory cytokines, such as IFNG and IL-10. Using animal models of cecal ligation and puncture, we demonstrated that long-term GC exposure exacerbated apoptosis of CD4+ T cells and cytokine storm during sepsis, which was mechanistically linked to the increase of CD3+TIM3+ T cells. Notably, we found that CD3+TIM3+ T cells expressed high levels of multiple cytokine genes during infections, suggesting a potent role of TIM3 in the regulation of T cell biology. In vitro studies further showed that engagement of anti-TIM3 treatment enhanced the inflammatory activity of CD3+ T cells. Our findings suggest a causal relationship between chronic exposure to GCs and an excessive inflammatory response mediated by T cells during infections, which is, at least partly, driven by dysregulation of CD3+TIM3+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Liu
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huihui Chen
- Clinical Immunology Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chongqing Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Zha
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guochun Chen
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Clinical Immunology Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, China.
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7
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Grottoli M, Carrega P, Zullo L, Dellepiane C, Rossi G, Parisi F, Barletta G, Zinoli L, Coco S, Alama A, Marconi S, Parodi M, Orecchia P, Bassi S, Vitale M, Mingari MC, Pfeffer U, Genova C, Pietra G. Immune Checkpoint Blockade: A Strategy to Unleash the Potential of Natural Killer Cells in the Anti-Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205046. [PMID: 36291830 PMCID: PMC9599824 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) with antibodies targeting CTLA-4 (Cytotoxic Lymphocyte Antigen 4) and/or programmed death-1 protein (PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) has significantly modified the therapeutic landscape of a broad range of human tumor types, including advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Despite great advances of checkpoint immunotherapies, a minority of NSCLC patients (<20%) respond and/or experience long-term clinical benefits from these treatments. Limited response rates of T cell–based checkpoint immunotherapies suggest the presence of other checkpoints able to inhibit effective anti-tumor immune responses. Natural Killer (NK) cells represent a promising target for tumor immunotherapies, particularly against tumors that escape T-cell-mediated control. Like T cell function, NK cell function is also regulated by inhibitory immune-checkpoint molecules. In this review, we will provide an overview of the rationale, mechanisms of action, and clinical efficacy of these NK cell-based checkpoint therapy approaches. Finally, the future directions and current enhancements planned will be discussed. Abstract Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) immunotherapy has represented a breakthrough in cancer treatment. Clinical use of ICIs has shown an acceptable safety profile and promising antitumor activity. Nevertheless, some patients do not obtain clinical benefits after ICIs therapy. In order to improve and cure an increasing number of patients, the field has moved toward the discovery of new ICIs expressed by cells of innate immunity with an elevated inherent antitumor activity, such as natural killer cells. This review will focus on the recent findings concerning the role of classical and non-classical immune checkpoint molecules and receptors that regulate natural killer cell function, as potential targets, and their future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Grottoli
- UO Immunologia IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Paolo Carrega
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Lodovica Zullo
- UO Oncologia Medica 2 IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Dellepiane
- UO Oncologia Medica 2 IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Rossi
- UO Oncologia Medica 2 IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Parisi
- UO Oncologia Medica 2 IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Giulia Barletta
- UO Oncologia Medica 2 IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Linda Zinoli
- DiMI, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Simona Coco
- UOS Tumori Polmonari IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Angela Alama
- UOS Tumori Polmonari IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Marconi
- UOS Tumori Polmonari IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Monica Parodi
- UO Immunologia IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Paola Orecchia
- UO Immunologia IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Sara Bassi
- UO Immunologia IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Massimo Vitale
- UO Immunologia IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mingari
- UO Immunologia IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
- DiMES, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Ulrich Pfeffer
- Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Carlo Genova
- DiMI, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
- UO Clinica di Oncologia Medica IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (G.P.)
| | - Gabriella Pietra
- UO Immunologia IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
- DiMES, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (G.P.)
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8
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A Mutated Prostatic Acid Phosphatase (PAP) Peptide-Based Vaccine Induces PAP-Specific CD8 + T Cells with Ex Vivo Cytotoxic Capacities in HHDII/DR1 Transgenic Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081970. [PMID: 35454873 PMCID: PMC9032647 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current treatments for castrate (hormone)-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remain limited and are not curative, with a median survival from diagnosis of 23 months. The PAP-specific Sipuleucel-T vaccine, which was approved by the FDA in 2010, increases the Overall Survival (OS) by 4 months, but is extremely expensive. We have previously shown that a 15 amino accid (AA) PAP sequence-derived peptide could induce strong immune responses and delay the growth of murine TRAMP-C1 prostate tumors. We have now substituted one amino acid and elongated the sequence to include epitopes predicted to bind to several additional HLA haplotypes. Herein, we present the immunological properties of this 42mer-mutated PAP-derived sequence (MutPAP42mer). METHODS The presence of PAP-135-143 epitope-specific CD8+ T cells in the blood of patients with prostate cancer (PCa) was assessed by flow cytometry using Dextramer™ technology. HHDII/DR1 transgenic mice were immunized with mutated and non-mutated PAP-derived 42mer peptides in the presence of CAF®09 or CpG ODN1826 (TLR-9 agonist) adjuvants. Vaccine-induced immune responses were measured by assessing the proportion and functionality of splenic PAP-specific T cells in vitro. RESULTS PAP-135-143 epitope-specific CD8+ T cells were detected in the blood of patients with PCa and stimulation of PBMCs from patients with PCa with mutPAP42mer enhanced their capacity to kill human LNCaP PCa target cells expressing PAP. The MutPAP42mer peptide was significantly more immunogenic in HHDII/DR1 mice than the wild type sequence, and immunogenicity was further enhanced when combined with the CAF®09 adjuvant. The vaccine induced secretory (IFNγ and TNFα) and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and effector memory splenic T cells. CONCLUSIONS The periphery of patients with PCa exhibits immune responsiveness to the MutPAP42mer peptide and immunization of mice induces/expands T cell-driven, wild-type PAP immunity, and therefore, has the potential to drive protective anti-tumor immunity in patients with PCa.
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9
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Regulation of Tim-3 function by binding to phosphatidylserine. Biochem J 2021; 478:3999-4004. [PMID: 34813649 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tim-3 is a transmembrane protein that is highly expressed on subsets of chronically stimulated CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, with more transient expression during acute activation and infection. Tim-3 is also constitutively expressed by multiple types of myeloid cells. Like other TIM family members, Tim-3 can bind to phosphatidylserine displayed by apoptotic cells, and this interaction has been shown to mediate uptake of such cells by dendritic cells and cross-presentation of antigens to CD8+ T cells. In contrast, how the recognition of PS by Tim-3 might regulate the function of Tim-3+ T cells is not known. In their recent paper, Lemmon and colleagues demonstrate for the first time that recognition of PS by Tim-3 leads to enhanced T cell activation.
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10
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Kataoka S, Manandhar P, Lee J, Workman CJ, Banerjee H, Szymczak-Workman AL, Kvorjak M, Lohmueller J, Kane LP. The costimulatory activity of Tim-3 requires Akt and MAPK signaling and its recruitment to the immune synapse. Sci Signal 2021; 14:14/687/eaba0717. [PMID: 34131021 PMCID: PMC9741863 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aba0717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Expression of the transmembrane protein Tim-3 is increased on dysregulated T cells undergoing chronic activation, including during chronic infection and in solid tumors. Thus, Tim-3 is generally thought of as an inhibitory protein. We and others previously reported that under some circumstances, Tim-3 exerts paradoxical costimulatory activity in T cells (and other cells), including enhancement of the phosphorylation of ribosomal S6 protein. Here, we examined the upstream signaling pathways that control Tim-3-mediated increases in phosphorylated S6 in T cells. We also defined the localization of Tim-3 relative to the T cell immune synapse and its effects on downstream signaling. Recruitment of Tim-3 to the immune synapse was mediated exclusively by the transmembrane domain, replacement of which impaired the ability of Tim-3 to costimulate T cell receptor (TCR)-dependent S6 phosphorylation. Furthermore, enforced localization of the Tim-3 cytoplasmic domain to the immune synapse in a chimeric antigen receptor still enabled T cell activation. Together, our findings are consistent with a model whereby Tim-3 enhances TCR-proximal signaling under acute conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Kataoka
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA,Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, Shizuoka, Japan,Graduate Program in Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Priyanka Manandhar
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA,Graduate Program in Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Judong Lee
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Creg J. Workman
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Hridesh Banerjee
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | | | - Michael Kvorjak
- Department of Surgery, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jason Lohmueller
- Department of Surgery, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Lawrence P. Kane
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA,Corresponding author.
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11
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Huang L, Xu Y, Fang J, Liu W, Chen J, Liu Z, Xu Q. Targeting STAT3 Abrogates Tim-3 Upregulation of Adaptive Resistance to PD-1 Blockade on Regulatory T Cells of Melanoma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:654749. [PMID: 33936081 PMCID: PMC8082190 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.654749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Less than 20% of melanoma patients respond to programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) blockade immunotherapies. Thus, it is crucial to understand the dynamic changes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) after PD-1 blockade, for developing immunotherapy efficacy. Methods A genomic analysis was conducted by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets and web platform TIMER2.0 datasets. Pathway enrichment analysis was performed using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), regulatory T (Treg) cells, and B16-F10 melanoma mice were used as models. The cellular and molecular characteristics and mechanisms of Treg cells in melanoma were assessed by performing gene expression studies, immunohistochemistry, RNA sequencing, and flow cytometry. Results Here, we evaluate the countenance of T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (Tim-3), and various immunosuppressive factors within tumor-infiltrated Treg cells after treatment with anti-PD-1 or the indicator transduction and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitors. Increased expression of Tim-3 is markedly observed within the tissues of the PD-1 blockade resistance of melanoma patients. Targeting STAT3 significantly boosts the response of resistant-PD-1 therapy within the melanoma mouse model. Mechanistically, the manifestation of STAT3 decreases the expression of Tim-3 and various cytokines in the purified Treg cells from individual PBMCs and the murine melanoma model, limiting the immunosuppression of Treg cells. Conclusions Our findings indicate that Tim-3 expression on Treg cells within the TME is STAT3-dependent, providing support to STAT3 as a target and enhancing the immunotherapy for patients suffering from melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Huang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juemin Fang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Weixing Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuqing Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
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12
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Harding JJ, Moreno V, Bang YJ, Hong MH, Patnaik A, Trigo J, Szpurka AM, Yamamoto N, Doi T, Fu S, Calderon B, Velez de Mendizabal N, Calvo E, Yu D, Gandhi L, Liu ZT, Galvao VR, Leow CC, de Miguel MJ. Blocking TIM-3 in Treatment-refractory Advanced Solid Tumors: A Phase Ia/b Study of LY3321367 with or without an Anti-PD-L1 Antibody. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:2168-2178. [PMID: 33514524 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-4405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain-containing molecule-3 (TIM-3) blunts anticancer immunity and mediates resistance to programmed death 1 (PD-1) and PD ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors. We assessed a novel, first-in-class, TIM-3 mAb, LY3321367, alone or in combination with the anti-PD-L1 antibody, LY300054 in patients with advanced solid tumor. PATIENTS AND METHODS This open-label, multicenter, phase Ia/b study aimed to define the safety/tolerability and recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of LY3321367 with or without LY300054. Secondary objectives included pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, immunogenicity, and efficacy. Biomarkers were assessed in exploratory analysis. RESULTS No dose-limiting toxicities were observed in the monotherapy (N = 30) or combination (N = 28) dose escalation. LY3321367 treatment-related adverse events (≥2 patients) included pruritus, rash, fatigue, anorexia, and infusion-related reactions. Dose-proportional increase in LY3321367 concentrations was not affected by either LY300054 or antidrug antibodies (observed in 50%-70% of patients). Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling indicated 100% target engagement at doses ≥600 mg. LY3321367 RP2D was 1,200 mg biweekly for four doses followed by 600 mg every 2 weeks thereafter. In the non-small cell lung cancer monotherapy expansion cohort, outcomes varied by prior anti-PD-1 therapy response status: anti-PD-1/L1 refractory patients [N = 23, objective response rate (ORR) 0%, disease control rate (DCR) 35%, progression-free survival (PFS) 1.9 months] versus anti-PD-1/L1 responders (N = 14, ORR 7%, DCR 50%, PFS 7.3 months). In combination expansion cohorts (N = 91), ORR and DCR were 4% and 42%; CD8 infiltration in paired biopsies increased in approximately half these patients. CONCLUSIONS LY3321367 exhibited acceptable safety profile with favorable pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics but only modest antitumor activity. The therapeutic relevance of TIM-3 blockade requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Harding
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.
| | - Victor Moreno
- START Madrid-FJD, Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yung-Jue Bang
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of South Korea
| | - Min Hee Hong
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of South Korea
| | - Amita Patnaik
- South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, Texas
| | - José Trigo
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain
| | | | | | - Toshihiko Doi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Siqing Fu
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | - Emiliano Calvo
- START Madrid, Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Danni Yu
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Leena Gandhi
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - Maria J de Miguel
- START Madrid, Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Yang Z, Shan N, Deng Q, Wang Y, Hou Y, Mei J, Wu Z. Extracellular vesicle-derived microRNA-18b ameliorates preeclampsia by enhancing trophoblast proliferation and migration via Notch2/TIM3/mTORC1 axis. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:4583-4595. [PMID: 33835684 PMCID: PMC8107107 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE), a common disorder of pregnancy, is characterized by insufficient trophoblast migration and inadequate vascular remodelling, such that promotion of trophoblast proliferation might ameliorate PE. In the current study, we sought to study the underlying mechanism of extracellular vesicle (EV)-derived microRNA-18 (miR-18b) in PE. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUCMSCs) isolated from placental tissues were verified through osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation assays. Bioinformatics analyses and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay were adopted to confirm the targeting relationship between miR-18b and Notch2. The functional roles of EV-derived miR-18b and Notch2 in trophoblasts were determined using loss- and gain-of-function experiments, and trophoblast proliferation and migration were assayed using CCK-8 and Transwell tests. In vivo experiments were conducted to determine the effect of EV-derived miR-18b, Notch2 and TIM3/mTORC1 in a rat model of PE, with monitoring of blood pressure and urine proteinuria. TUNEL staining was conducted to observe the cell apoptosis of placental tissues of PE rats. We found down-regulated miR-18b expression, and elevated Notch2, TIM3 and mTORC1 levels in the placental tissues of PE patients compared with normal placenta. miR-18b was delivered to trophoblasts and targeted Notch2 and negatively its expression, whereas Notch2 positively mediated the expression of TIM3/mTORC1. EV-derived miR-18b or Notch2 down-regulation enhanced trophoblast proliferation and migration in vitro and decreased blood pressure and 24 hours urinary protein in PE rats by deactivating the TIM3/mTORC1 axis in vivo. In summary, EV-derived miR-18b promoted trophoblast proliferation and migration via down-regulation of Notch2-dependent TIM3/mTORC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongmei Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nan Shan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinyin Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujue Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Hou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Mei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhao Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
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14
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Zang K, Hui L, Wang M, Huang Y, Zhu X, Yao B. TIM-3 as a Prognostic Marker and a Potential Immunotherapy Target in Human Malignant Tumors: A Meta-Analysis and Bioinformatics Validation. Front Oncol 2021; 11:579351. [PMID: 33692946 PMCID: PMC7938756 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.579351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As a novel immune checkpoint molecular, T-cell immunoglobulin mucin 3 (TIM-3) is emerging as a therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy. However, the predictive role of TIM-3 in cancer remains largely undetermined. This study was designed to investigate the role of TIM-3 in cancer. Methods Publications were searched using multiple databases. The hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. To further confirm the prognostic effect of TIM-3, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data were applied. Functional analysis of TIM-3 was also investigated. Results 28 studies with 7284 patients with malignant tumors were identified. Based on multivariate Cox regression analysis, TIM-3 was an independent prognostic indicator for poor overall survival (OS) (HR= 1.54, 95% CI = 1.19-1.98, P = 0.001). However, TIM-3 was not correlated with cancer-specific survival and disease-free survival (DFS). Particularly, TIM-3 showed a worse prognosis in non-small cell lung carcinoma and gastric cancer; but it showed a favorable prognosis in breast cancer. Functional analysis showed that TIM-3 was closely correlated with immune responses such as T-cell activation and natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Moreover, TIM-3 expression was found to be related to worse OS in 9491 TCGA patients (HR = 1.2, P < 0.001), but was not associated with DFS. Conclusions TIM-3 was an independent prognostic factor. Meanwhile, TIM-3 played a crucial role in tumor immune responses. This supports TIM-3 as a promising target for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Zang
- Department of ICU, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Liangliang Hui
- Department of ICU, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of ICU, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of ICU, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Xingxing Zhu
- Department of ICU, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Bin Yao
- Department of ICU, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
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15
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Immune Cell Landscape in Gastric Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:1930706. [PMID: 33575321 PMCID: PMC7857889 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1930706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background The tumor-infiltrating immune cells are closely associated with the prognosis of gastric cancer (GC). This article is aimed at determining the composition change of immune cells and immune regulatory factors in GC and normal tissues, depicting their prognosis value in GC, and revealing the relationship between them and GC clinical parameters. Methods We used CIBERSORT to calculate the proportion of 22 immune cells in the GC or normal tissues; a t-test was applied to assess the expression difference of immune cells and immune regulatory factors in normal and GC tissues. The relationship of the immune cells, immune regulatory factors, and GC patients' clinical characteristics was assessed by univariate analysis. Results In this study, we found that the proportion of macrophages increased, while plasma cells and monocytes decreased in GC tissues. In these immune fractions, Tregs and naïve B cells were found to be correlated with GC patients' prognosis. Interestingly, the expression of immune regulatory factors was ambiguous with their classical function in GC tissues. For example, TIM-3, FOXP3, and CMTM6 were overexpressed, while CD27 and PD-1 were underexpressed in GC tissues. We also found that IDO1, PD-1, TIGIT, and TIM-3 were highly expressed in high-grade GC tissues, the HERC2 expression level was related to patients' gender, and the TIGIT expression level was sensitive to targeted therapy. Furthermore, our results suggested that the infiltration of Tregs and naive B cells was strongly correlated with the T stage, radiation therapy, targeted molecular therapy, and the expression levels of TIM-3 and FOXP3 in GC. Conclusion The expression pattern of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and immune regulatory factors was systematically depicted in the GC tumor microenvironment, indicating that individualized treatment based on the tumor-infiltrating immune cells and immune regulatory factors may be beneficial to GC patients.
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16
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Cai C, Hu Z, Yu X. Accelerator or Brake: Immune Regulators in Malaria. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:610121. [PMID: 33363057 PMCID: PMC7758250 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.610121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a life-threatening infectious disease, affecting over 250 million individuals worldwide each year, eradicating malaria has been one of the greatest challenges to public health for a century. Growing resistance to anti-parasitic therapies and lack of effective vaccines are major contributing factors in controlling this disease. However, the incomplete understanding of parasite interactions with host anti-malaria immunity hinders vaccine development efforts to date. Recent studies have been unveiling the complexity of immune responses and regulators against Plasmodium infection. Here, we summarize our current understanding of host immune responses against Plasmodium-derived components infection and mainly focus on the various regulatory mechanisms mediated by recent identified immune regulators orchestrating anti-malaria immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Cai
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, School of Medical, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Gupta SS, Sharp R, Hofferek C, Kuai L, Dorn GW, Wang J, Chen M. NIX-Mediated Mitophagy Promotes Effector Memory Formation in Antigen-Specific CD8 + T Cells. Cell Rep 2020; 29:1862-1877.e7. [PMID: 31722203 PMCID: PMC6886713 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays a critical role in the maintenance of immunological memory. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in autophagy-regulated effector memory formation in CD8+ T cells remain unclear. Here we show that deficiency in NIX-dependent mitophagy leads to metabolic defects in effector memory T cells. Deletion of NIX caused HIF1α accumulation and altered cellular metabolism from long-chain fatty acid to short/branched-chain fatty acid oxidation, thereby compromising ATP synthesis during effector memory formation. Preventing HIF1α accumulation restored long-chain fatty acid metabolism and effector memory formation in antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. Our study suggests that NIX-mediated mitophagy is critical for effector memory formation in T cells. Gupta et al. demonstrate that mitophagy mediated by NIX, a mitochondrial outer membrane protein, plays a critical role in CD8+ T cell effector memory formation by regulating mitochondrial superoxide-dependent HIF1α protein accumulation and fatty acid metabolism. These findings elucidate the molecular mechanisms regulating T cell effector memory formation against viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhranshu S Gupta
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Robert Sharp
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Colby Hofferek
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Le Kuai
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gerald W Dorn
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jin Wang
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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18
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Sivori S, Pende D, Quatrini L, Pietra G, Della Chiesa M, Vacca P, Tumino N, Moretta F, Mingari MC, Locatelli F, Moretta L. NK cells and ILCs in tumor immunotherapy. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 80:100870. [PMID: 32800530 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cells of the innate immunity play an important role in tumor immunotherapy. Thus, NK cells can control tumor growth and metastatic spread. Thanks to their strong cytolytic activity against tumors, different approaches have been developed for exploiting/harnessing their function in patients with leukemia or solid tumors. Pioneering trials were based on the adoptive transfer of autologous NK cell-enriched cell populations that were expanded in vitro and co-infused with IL-2. Although relevant results were obtained in patients with advanced melanoma, the effect was mostly limited to certain metastatic localizations, particularly to the lung. In addition, the severe IL-2-related toxicity and the preferential IL-2-induced expansion of Treg limited this type of approach. This limitation may be overcome by the use of IL-15, particularly of modified IL-15 molecules to improve its half-life and optimize the biological effects. Other approaches to harness NK cell function include stimulation via TLR, the use of bi- and tri-specific NK cell engagers (BiKE and TriKE) linking activating NK receptors (e.g. CD16) to tumor-associated antigens and even incorporating an IL-15 moiety (TriKE). As recently shown, in tumor patients, NK cells may also express inhibitory checkpoints, primarily PD-1. Accordingly, the therapeutic use of checkpoint inhibitors may unleash NK cells against PD-L1+ tumors. This effect may be predominant and crucial in tumors that have lost HLA cl-I expression, thus resulting "invisible" to T lymphocytes. Additional approaches in which NK cells may represent an important tool for cancer therapy, are to exploit the unique properties of the "adaptive" NK cells. These CD57+ NKG2C+ cells, despite their mature stage and a potent cytolytic activity, maintain a strong proliferating capacity. This property revealed to be crucial in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), particularly in the haplo-HSCT setting, to cure high-risk leukemias. T depleted haplo-HSCT (e.g. from one of the parents) allowed to save the life of thousands of patients lacking a HLA-compatible donor. In this setting, NK cells have been shown to play an essential role against leukemia cells and infections. Another major advance is represented by chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered NK cells. CAR-NK, different from CAR-T cells, may be obtained from allogeneic donors since they do not cause GvHD. Accordingly, they may represent "off-the-shelf" products to promptly treat tumor patients, with affordable costs. Different from NK cells, helper ILC (ILC1, ILC2 and ILC3), the innate counterpart of T helper cell subsets, remain rather ambiguous with respect to their anti-tumor activity. A possible exception is represented by a subset of ILC3: their frequency in peri-tumoral tissues in patients with NSCLC directly correlates with a better prognosis, possibly reflecting their ability to contribute to the organization of tertiary lymphoid structures, an important site of T cell-mediated anti-tumor responses. It is conceivable that innate immunity may significantly contribute to the major advances that immunotherapy has ensured and will continue to ensure to the cure of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Sivori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy; Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniela Pende
- UO Immunologia, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Linda Quatrini
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pietra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy; UO Immunologia, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mariella Della Chiesa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy; Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Vacca
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Tumino
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Moretta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mingari
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy; UO Immunologia, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy; Department of Gynecology/Obstetrics and Pediatrics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy.
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19
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De Sousa Linhares A, Kellner F, Jutz S, Zlabinger GJ, Gabius HJ, Huppa JB, Leitner J, Steinberger P. TIM-3 and CEACAM1 do not interact in cis and in trans. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:1126-1141. [PMID: 32222966 PMCID: PMC7496933 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
TIM‐3 has been considered as a target in cancer immunotherapy. In T cells, inhibitory as well as activating functions have been ascribed to this molecule. Its role may therefore depend on the state of T cells and on the presence of interaction partners capable to perform functional pairing. Carcinoembryonic antigen‐related cell adhesion molecule (CEACAM1) has been proposed to bind TIM‐3 and to regulate its function. Using a T cell reporter platform we confirmed CEACAM1‐mediated inhibition, but CEACAM1 did not functionally engage TIM‐3. TIM‐3 and CEACAM1 coexpression was limited to a small subset of activated T cells. Moreover, results obtained in extensive binding studies were not in support of an interaction between TIM‐3 and CEACAM1. Cytoplasmic sequences derived from TIM‐3 induced inhibitory signaling in our human T cell reporter system. Our results indicate that TIM‐3 functions are independent of CEACAM1 and that this receptor has the capability to promote inhibitory signaling pathways in human T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika De Sousa Linhares
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Kellner
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabrina Jutz
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard J Zlabinger
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes B Huppa
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Leitner
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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20
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Tan S, Xu Y, Wang Z, Wang T, Du X, Song X, Guo X, Peng J, Zhang J, Liang Y, Lu J, Peng J, Gao C, Wu Z, Li C, Li N, Gao L, Liang X, Ma C. Tim-3 Hampers Tumor Surveillance of Liver-Resident and Conventional NK Cells by Disrupting PI3K Signaling. Cancer Res 2019; 80:1130-1142. [PMID: 31848194 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are enriched within the liver. Apart from conventional NK (cNK) cells, recent studies identified a liver-resident NK (LrNK) subset, which constitutes about half of hepatic NK cells and exhibits distinct developmental, phenotypic, and functional features. However, it remains unclear whether and how LrNK cells, as well as cNK cells, participate in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) individually. Here, we report that both LrNK and cNK cells are significantly decreased in HCC. The T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (Tim-3) was significantly upregulated in both tumor-infiltrating LrNK and cNK cells and suppressed their cytokine secretion and cytotoxic activity. Mechanistically, phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) engagement promoted phosphorylation of Tim-3, which then competed with PI3K p110 to bind p85, inhibiting downstream Akt/mTORC1 signaling and resulting in malfunctioning of both NK-cell subsets. Tim-3 blockade retarded HCC growth in a NK-cell-dependent manner. These studies for the first time report the presence and dysfunction of LrNK cells in HCC and show that Tim-3-mediated PI3K/mTORC1 interference is responsible for the dysfunction of both tumor-infiltrating cNK and LrNK cells, providing a new strategy for immune checkpoint-based targeting. SIGNIFICANCE: Tim-3 enhances hepatocellular carcinoma growth by blocking natural killer cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Tan
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Laboratory, Yueyang Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Yueyang, China
| | - Zehua Wang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tixiao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xianhong Du
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaojia Song
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaowei Guo
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiali Peng
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinghui Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chengjiang Gao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhuanchang Wu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chunyang Li
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Nailin Li
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine-Solna, Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska University Hospital-Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lifen Gao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Laboratory, Yueyang Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Yueyang, China
| | - Xiaohong Liang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chunhong Ma
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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21
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Sun H, Sun C. The Rise of NK Cell Checkpoints as Promising Therapeutic Targets in Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2354. [PMID: 31681269 PMCID: PMC6812684 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Haoyu Sun
| | - Cheng Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Cheng Sun
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22
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Klampatsa A, O'Brien SM, Thompson JC, Rao AS, Stadanlick JE, Martinez MC, Liousia M, Cantu E, Cengel K, Moon EK, Singhal S, Eruslanov EB, Albelda SM. Phenotypic and functional analysis of malignant mesothelioma tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:e1638211. [PMID: 31428531 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1638211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the growing interest and promising preliminary results of immunotherapy in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), it has become important to more fully understand the immune landscape in this tumor. This may be especially relevant in deciding who might benefit most from checkpoint blockade or agonist antibody therapy. Since the phenotype of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in MPM has not been fully described and their function has not been carefully assessed, we collected fresh tumor and blood from 22 patients undergoing surgical resection and analysed single cell suspensions by flow cytometry. The functionality of TILs was assessed by measurement of cytokine expression (IFN-γ) following overnight stimulation ex vivo. Results showed low numbers of CD8+ TILs whose function was either moderately or severely suppressed. The degree of TIL hypofunction did not correlate with the presence of co-existing macrophages or neutrophils, nor with expression of the inhibitory receptors PD-1, CD39 and CTLA-4. Hypofunction was associated with higher numbers of CD4 regulatory T cells (Tregs) and with expression of the inhibitory receptor TIGIT. On the other hand, presence of tissue-resident memory (Trm) cells and expression of TIM-3 on CD8+ cells were positively associated with cytokine production. However, Trm function was partially suppressed when the transcription factor Eomesodermin (Eomes) was co-expressed. Understanding the function of TILs in malignant mesothelioma may have clinical implications for immunotherapy, especially in choosing the best immunotherapy targets. Our data suggests that Treg cell blocking agents or TIGIT inhibitor antibodies might be especially valuable in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astero Klampatsa
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shaun M O'Brien
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Thompson
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Abhishek S Rao
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jason E Stadanlick
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marina C Martinez
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria Liousia
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Edward Cantu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Keith Cengel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Edmund K Moon
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sunil Singhal
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Evgeniy B Eruslanov
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Steven M Albelda
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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23
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Kim WM, Huang YH, Gandhi A, Blumberg RS. CEACAM1 structure and function in immunity and its therapeutic implications. Semin Immunol 2019; 42:101296. [PMID: 31604530 PMCID: PMC6814268 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.101296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The type I membrane protein receptor carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) distinctively exhibits significant alternative splicing that allows for tunable functions upon homophilic binding. CEACAM1 is highly expressed in the tumor environment and is strictly regulated on lymphocytes such that its expression is restricted to activated cells where it is now recognized to function in tolerance pathways. CEACAM1 is also an important target for microbes which have co-opted these attributes of CEACAM1 for the purposes of invading the host and evading the immune system. These properties, among others, have focused attention on CEACAM1 as a unique target for immunotherapy in autoimmunity and cancer. This review examines recent structural information derived from the characterization of CEACAM1:CEACAM1 interactions and heterophilic modes of binding especially to microbes and how this relates to CEACAM1 function. Through this, we aim to provide insights into targeting CEACAM1 for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter M Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yu-Hwa Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Amit Gandhi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Richard S Blumberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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24
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Otterdal K, Berg A, Michelsen AE, Patel S, Tellevik MG, Haanshuus CG, Fevang B, Aukrust P, Langeland N, Ueland T. Soluble markers of neutrophil, T-cell and monocyte activation are associated with disease severity and parasitemia in falciparum malaria. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:670. [PMID: 30563486 PMCID: PMC6299500 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3593-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The immune response during P. falciparum infection is a two-edged sword, involving dysregulation of the inflammatory responses with several types of immune cells participating. Here we examined T-cell, monocyte/macrophage and neutrophil activation during P. falciparum infection by using soluble activation markers for these leukocyte subsets. Methods In a prospective cross-sectional study clinical data and blood samples were collected from adults in Mozambique with P. falciparum infection, with (n = 70) and without (n = 61) co-infection with HIV-1, as well as HIV-infected patients with similar symptoms but without malaria (n = 58) and healthy controls (n = 52). Soluble (s)CD25, sCD14, sCD163 and myeloperoxidase (MPO) as markers for T-cell, monocyte/macrophage and neutrophil activation, respectively as well as CX3CL1, granzyme B and TIM-3 as markers of T-cell subsets and T-cell exhaustion, were analyzed. Results All patient groups had raised levels of activation markers compared with healthy controls. Levels of sCD25 and MPO increased gradually from patient with HIV only to patient with malaria only, with the highest levels in the HIV/malaria group. In the malaria group as a whole, MPO, sCD14 and in particular sCD25 were correlated with disease severity. sCD163, sCD25 and in particular MPO correlated with the degree of parasitemia as assessed by qPCR. Patients with falciparum malaria also had signs of T-cell subset activation (i.e. increased granzyme B and CX3CL1) and T-cell exhaustion as assessed by high levels of TIM-3 particularly in patients co-infected with HIV. Conclusion Our data support a marked immune activation in falciparum malaria involving all major leukocyte subsets with particular enhanced activation of neutrophils and T-cells in patients co-infected with HIV. Our findings also support a link between immune activation and immune exhaustion during falciparum malaria, particularly in relation to T-cell responses in patients co-infected with HIV. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-018-3593-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Otterdal
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4950, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Aase Berg
- Department of Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, PO Box 8100, 4068, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Medicine, Central Hospital of Maputo, 1100, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Annika E Michelsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4950, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sam Patel
- Department of Medicine, Central Hospital of Maputo, 1100, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Marit G Tellevik
- National Centre for Tropical Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Christel G Haanshuus
- National Centre for Tropical Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Børre Fevang
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4950, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0372, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammatory Research Center, University of Oslo, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4950, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0316, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0372, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammatory Research Center, University of Oslo, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nina Langeland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Medicine, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4950, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0316, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammatory Research Center, University of Oslo, 0424, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, 9019, Tromsø, Norway
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25
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Sun L, Chen L, Li H. Checkpoint-modulating immunotherapies in tumor treatment: Targets, drugs, and mechanisms. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 67:160-175. [PMID: 30553199 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor immunotherapy, as a new treatment of cancer, has been developing on the basis of tumor immunology. Tumor immunotherapy stimulates and enhances the function of immune system in human bodies, in order to control and kill tumor cells. It is often used as an adjuvant therapy combined with surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and other conventional methods. Cancer immunotherapies involve cells, antibodies and cytokines, etc. Some immunotherapies are widely used to activate the immune system, while some others precisely target at different tumor antigens. With the development of tumor immunotherapy, immune regulation activities of small molecules and biological agents have been gradually becoming a hot research area these years. In this review, we summarize the therapeutic targets, drugs, biologics, and their mechanisms in tumor immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lixia Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Hua Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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26
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Chen Y, Zander R, Khatun A, Schauder DM, Cui W. Transcriptional and Epigenetic Regulation of Effector and Memory CD8 T Cell Differentiation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2826. [PMID: 30581433 PMCID: PMC6292868 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune protection and lasting memory are accomplished through the generation of phenotypically and functionally distinct CD8 T cell subsets. Understanding how these effector and memory T cells are formed is the first step in eventually manipulating the immune system for therapeutic benefit. In this review, we will summarize the current understanding of CD8 T cell differentiation upon acute infection, with a focus on the transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of cell fate decision and memory formation. Moreover, we will highlight the importance of high throughput sequencing approaches and single cell technologies in providing insight into genome-wide investigations and the heterogeneity of individual CD8 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Ryan Zander
- Blood Center of Wisconsin, Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Achia Khatun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - David M Schauder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Weiguo Cui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Blood Center of Wisconsin, Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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27
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Zhang W, Jordan KR, Schulte B, Purev E. Characterization of clinical grade CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cells produced using automated CliniMACS Prodigy system. Drug Des Devel Ther 2018; 12:3343-3356. [PMID: 30323566 PMCID: PMC6181073 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s175113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is highly effective for treating acute lymphoblastic leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with high rate complete responses. However, the broad clinical application of CAR T-cell therapy has been challenging, largely due to the lack of widespread ability to produce and high cost of CAR T-cell products using traditional methods of production. Automated cell processing in a closed system has emerged as a potential method to increase the feasibility of producing CAR T cells locally at academic centers due to its minimal reliance on experienced labor, thereby making the process less expensive and more consistent than traditional methods of production. METHOD In this study, we describe the successful production of clinical grade CD19 CAR T cells using the Miltenyi CliniMACS Prodigy Automated Cell Processor at University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus in a rapid manner with a high frequent CD19 CAR expression. RESULTS The final CAR T-cell product is highly active, low in immune suppression, and absent in exhaustion. Full panel cytokine assays also showed elevated production of Th1 cytokines upon IL-2 stimulation when specifically killing CD19+ target cells. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate the feasibility of producing CAR T cells locally in a university hospital setting using automated cell processor for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA,
| | - Kimberly R Jordan
- Division of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Brian Schulte
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Enkhtsetseg Purev
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA,
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28
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De Sousa Linhares A, Leitner J, Grabmeier-Pfistershammer K, Steinberger P. Not All Immune Checkpoints Are Created Equal. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1909. [PMID: 30233564 PMCID: PMC6127213 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies that block T cell inhibition via the immune checkpoints CTLA-4 and PD-1 have revolutionized cancer therapy during the last 15 years. T cells express additional inhibitory surface receptors that are considered to have potential as targets in cancer immunotherapy. Antibodies against LAG-3 and TIM-3 are currently clinically tested to evaluate their effectiveness in patients suffering from advanced solid tumors or hematologic malignancies. In addition, blockade of the inhibitory BTLA receptors on human T cells may have potential to unleash T cells to effectively combat cancer cells. Much research on these immune checkpoints has focused on mouse models. The analysis of animals that lack individual inhibitory receptors has shed some light on the role of these molecules in regulating T cells, but also immune responses in general. There are current intensive efforts to gauge the efficacy of antibodies targeting these molecules called immune checkpoint inhibitors alone or in different combinations in preclinical models of cancer. Differences between mouse and human immunology warrant studies on human immune cells to appreciate the potential of individual pathways in enhancing T cell responses. Results from clinical studies are not only highlighting the great benefit of immune checkpoint inhibitors for treating cancer but also yield precious information on their role in regulating T cells and other cells of the immune system. However, despite the clinical relevance of CTLA-4 and PD-1 and the high potential of the emerging immune checkpoints, there are still substantial gaps in our understanding of the biology of these molecules, which might prevent the full realization of their therapeutic potential. This review addresses PD-1, CTLA-4, BTLA, LAG-3, and TIM-3, which are considered major inhibitory immune checkpoints expressed on T cells. It provides summaries of our current conception of the role of these molecules in regulating T cell responses, and discussions about major ambiguities and gaps in our knowledge. We emphasize that each of these molecules harbors unique properties that set it apart from the others. Their distinct functional profiles should be taken into account in therapeutic strategies that aim to exploit these pathways to enhance immune responses to combat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika De Sousa Linhares
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Leitner
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Grabmeier-Pfistershammer
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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29
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Li F, Li N, Sang J, Fan X, Deng H, Zhang X, Han Q, Lv Y, Liu Z. Highly elevated soluble Tim-3 levels correlate with increased hepatocellular carcinoma risk and poor survival of hepatocellular carcinoma patients in chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:941-951. [PMID: 29760564 PMCID: PMC5937498 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s162478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Upregulated T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain containing molecule-3 (Tim-3) in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific CD8+ T-cells contributes to CD8+ T-cell exhaustion during chronic HBV infection. The membrane-bound Tim-3 can be cleaved from the cell surface by sheddase, yielding soluble Tim-3 (sTim-3). This study investigated serum sTim-3 levels in patients with chronic HBV infection of various liver diseases. Methods Serum sTim-3 levels were quantitatively determined in 288 patients with chronic HBV infection of various liver diseases. The sTim-3 levels were analyzed in relation to liver diseases including HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and overall survival of HCC patients. Results Serum sTim-3 levels in the patients with chronic HBV infection were significantly elevated compared with healthy controls (P<0.001) and the levels from asymptomatic HBV carrier status, chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis to HCC were progressively increased. Serum sTim-3 levels were closely associated with the severity of liver function abnormalities. Importantly, serum sTim-3 levels were independently associated with HCC risk (OR, 4.310; 95% CI, 2.141–8.676, P<0.001) in comparison to non-HCC diseases in chronic HBV infection and significantly associated with the overall survival of HCC patients, with a level >3000 pg/mL being related to shorter overall survival than a level ≤3000 pg/mL (P=0.019). Conclusion Serum sTim-3 is involved in disease progression and HCC development in chronic HBV infection and its quantitative determination may be potentially used as a marker for monitoring the disease progression and predicting the HCC prognosis in chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiao Sang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiude Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huan Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoge Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qunying Han
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhengwen Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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30
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Abstract
T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (Tim-3) is a transmembrane protein that in both mice and humans has been shown to possess various functions in a context-dependent manner. Thus, Tim-3 has been associated with both inhibitory and co-stimulatory function, depending in part on the specific cell type and immune response course. Though originally described on T cells, Tim-3 is now known to be expressed by both lymphoid and non-lymphoid cells within the immune system and even by non-immune cells. In addition, though widely thought of as a negative regulator of immunity, Tim-3 has been shown in more recent studies to have a positive function on both myeloid and lymphoid cells, including T cells. Tim-3 is often expressed at a high level on exhausted T cells in tumors and chronic infection and may engage in crosstalk with other so-called "checkpoint" molecules such as PD-1. Thus, Tim-3 has emerged as a possible therapeutic target, which is being actively explored both pre-clinically and clinically. However, recent research suggests a more complex in vivo role for this protein, compared with other targets in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hridesh Banerjee
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Lawrence P Kane
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
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31
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Gorman JV, Colgan JD. Acute stimulation generates Tim-3-expressing T helper type 1 CD4 T cells that persist in vivo and show enhanced effector function. Immunology 2018; 154:418-433. [PMID: 29315553 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (Tim-3) is a surface receptor expressed by T helper type 1 (Th1) effector CD4 T cells, which are critical for defence against intracellular pathogens and have been implicated in autoimmune disease. Previous studies showed that Tim-3 expression makes Th1 cells more susceptible to apoptosis and also marks functionally impaired T cells that arise due to chronic stimulation. However, other studies suggested that Tim-3-expressing Th1 cells do not always have these properties. To further define the relationship between Tim-3 and Th1 cell function, we analysed the characteristics of Th1 cells that expressed Tim-3 in response to brief stimulation in vitro or an acute viral infection in vivo. As expected, cultured CD4 T cells began expressing Tim-3 during Th1 differentiation and secondary stimulation generated Tim-3- and Tim-3+ fractions that were separated and further analysed. When injected into naive mice, Tim-3+ cells down-regulated Tim-3 and survived equally well compared with Tim-3- cells. Further, Tim-3- and Tim-3+ Th1 cells had similar functional responses when transferred into naive mice that were subsequently infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). Cultured Th1 cells that expressed Tim-3 following T-cell receptor stimulation had a greater capacity to express signature Th1 cytokines than their Tim-3- counterparts and showed differential expression of genes that regulate CD4 T-cell function. Consistent with these findings, Tim-3+ Th1 cells generated in response to LCMV infection displayed augmented effector function relative to Tim-3- cells. These results suggest that Tim-3 expression by Th1 cells responding to acute stimulation can mark cells that are functionally competent and have an augmented ability to produce cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob V Gorman
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - John D Colgan
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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