1
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Fukushima H, Furusawa A, Takao S, Thankarajan E, Luciano MP, Usama SM, Kano M, Okuyama S, Yamamoto H, Suzuki M, Kano M, Choyke PL, Schnermann MJ, Kobayashi H. Near-infrared duocarmycin photorelease from a Treg-targeted antibody-drug conjugate improves efficacy of PD-1 blockade in syngeneic murine tumor models. Oncoimmunology 2024; 13:2370544. [PMID: 38915782 PMCID: PMC11195482 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2024.2370544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a crucial role in mediating immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, Tregs contribute to the lack of efficacy and hyperprogressive disease upon Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade immunotherapy. Thus, Tregs are considered a promising therapeutic target, especially when combined with PD-1 blockade. However, systemic depletion of Tregs causes severe autoimmune adverse events, which poses a serious challenge to Treg-directed therapy. Here, we developed a novel treatment to locally and predominantly damage Tregs by near-infrared duocarmycin photorelease (NIR-DPR). In this technology, we prepared anti-CD25 F(ab')2 conjugates, which site-specifically uncage duocarmycin in CD25-expressing cells upon exposure to NIR light. In vitro, CD25-targeted NIR-DPR significantly increased apoptosis of CD25-expressing HT2-A5E cells. When tumors were irradiated with NIR light in vivo, intratumoral CD25+ Treg populations decreased and Ki-67 and Interleukin-10 expression was suppressed, indicating impaired functioning of intratumoral CD25+ Tregs. CD25-targeted NIR-DPR suppressed tumor growth and improved survival in syngeneic murine tumor models. Of note, CD25-targeted NIR-DPR synergistically enhanced the efficacy of PD-1 blockade, especially in tumors with higher CD8+/Treg PD-1 ratios. Furthermore, the combination therapy induced significant anti-cancer immunity including maturation of dendritic cells, extensive intratumoral infiltration of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, and increased differentiation into CD8+ memory T cells. Altogether, CD25-targeted NIR-DPR locally and predominantly targets Tregs in the tumor microenvironment and synergistically improves the efficacy of PD-1 blockade, suggesting that this combination therapy can be a rational anti-cancer combination immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Fukushima
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aki Furusawa
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Seiichiro Takao
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ebaston Thankarajan
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Michael P Luciano
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Syed Muhammad Usama
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Makoto Kano
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shuhei Okuyama
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hiroshi Yamamoto
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Motofumi Suzuki
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Miyu Kano
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Martin J Schnermann
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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2
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Macri M, Luigi-Sierra MG, Guan D, Delgado JV, Alvarez JF, Amills M, Martínez AM. Univariate and multivariate genome-wide association studies for hematological traits in Murciano-Granadina goats. Anim Genet 2023. [PMID: 37127297 DOI: 10.1111/age.13328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hematological traits are important indicators of health status, and they are frequently used as criteria for clinical diagnosis. In humans, the genomic architecture of blood traits has been investigated in depth and thousands of associations with genetic variants have been found. In contrast, the association between marker genotypes and the variation of hematological traits has not been investigated in goats yet. Herewith, we have recorded 12 hematological parameters in 882 Murciano-Granadina goats that were also genotyped with the Goat SNP50 BeadChip (Illumina). Performance of a univariate genome-wide association study (GWAS) made it possible to detect one genomic region on goat chromosome (CHI) 21 (19.2-19.5 Mb) associated, at the genome-wide level of significance, with 4 red blood cell traits. The three markers displaying the highest significances were rs268272996 (CHI21: 19225290 bp), rs268273004 (CHI21: 19565629 bp) and rs268239059 (CHI13: 9615190 bp). Consistently, a multivariate GWAS indicated that the rs268273004 marker on chromosome 21 is associated with seven blood cell traits. Interestingly, this marker maps close to the FA Complementation Group I (FANCI) gene (CHI21: 20021947-20077025 bp), which is functionally related to Fanconi anemia, a syndrome characterized by bone marrow failure, aplastic anemia, and congenital disorders. We have also uncovered additional chromosome-wide significant associations between genetic markers and erythrocyte and leukocyte traits in the univariate GWAS. These findings evidence that the phenotypic variation of hematological traits in goats is regulated, at least to some extent, by polygenic determinants distributed in multiple chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Macri
- Animal Breeding Consulting S.L. Parque Científico Tecnológico de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Maria Gracia Luigi-Sierra
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Dailu Guan
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Juan Vicente Delgado
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Javier Fernández Alvarez
- Asociación Nacional de Criadores de Caprino de Raza Murciano-Granadina (CAPRIGRAN), Granada, Spain
| | - Marcel Amills
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Amparo Martínez Martínez
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Córdoba, Spain
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3
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Tong R, Luo L, Zhao Y, Sun M, Li R, Zhong J, Chen Y, Hu L, Li Z, Shi J, Lyu Y, Hu L, Guo X, Liu Q, Shuang T, Zhang C, Yuan A, Sun L, Zhang Z, Qian K, Chen L, Lin W, Chen AF, Wang F, Pu J. Characterizing the cellular and molecular variabilities of peripheral immune cells in healthy recipients of BBIBP-CorV inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine by single-cell RNA sequencing. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:e2187245. [PMID: 36987861 PMCID: PMC10171127 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2187245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Over 3 billion doses of inactivated vaccines for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been administered globally. However, our understanding of the immune cell functional transcription and T cell receptor (TCR)/B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire dynamics following inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination remains poorly understood. Here, we performed single-cell RNA and TCR/BCR sequencing on peripheral blood mononuclear cells at four time points after immunization with the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine BBIBP-CorV. Our analysis revealed an enrichment of monocytes, central memory CD4+ T cells, type 2 helper T cells and memory B cells following vaccination. Single-cell TCR-seq and RNA-seq comminating analysis identified a clonal expansion of CD4+ T cells (but not CD8+ T cells) following a booster vaccination that corresponded to a decrease in the TCR diversity of central memory CD4+ T cells and type 2 helper T cells. Importantly, these TCR repertoire changes and CD4+ T cell differentiation were correlated with the biased VJ gene usage of BCR and the antibody-producing function of B cells post-vaccination. Finally, we compared the functional transcription and repertoire dynamics in immune cells elicited by vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection to explore the immune responses under different stimuli. Our data provide novel molecular and cellular evidence for the CD4+ T cell-dependent antibody response induced by inactivated vaccine BBIBP-CorV. This information is urgently needed to develop new prevention and control strategies for SARS-CoV-2 infection. (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04871932).Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04871932..
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Amini L, Kaeda J, Fritsche E, Roemhild A, Kaiser D, Reinke P. Clinical adoptive regulatory T Cell therapy: State of the art, challenges, and prospective. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1081644. [PMID: 36794233 PMCID: PMC9924129 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1081644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rejection of solid organ transplant and graft versus host disease (GvHD) continue to be challenging in post transplantation management. The introduction of calcineurin inhibitors dramatically improved recipients' short-term prognosis. However, long-term clinical outlook remains poor, moreover, the lifelong dependency on these toxic drugs leads to chronic deterioration of graft function, in particular the renal function, infections and de-novo malignancies. These observations led investigators to identify alternative therapeutic options to promote long-term graft survival, which could be used concomitantly, but preferably, replace pharmacologic immunosuppression as standard of care. Adoptive T cell (ATC) therapy has evolved as one of the most promising approaches in regenerative medicine in the recent years. A range of cell types with disparate immunoregulatory and regenerative properties are actively being investigated as potential therapeutic agents for specific transplant rejection, autoimmunity or injury-related indications. A significant body of data from preclinical models pointed to efficacy of cellular therapies. Significantly, early clinical trial observations have confirmed safety and tolerability, and yielded promising data in support of efficacy of the cellular therapeutics. The first class of these therapeutic agents commonly referred to as advanced therapy medicinal products have been approved and are now available for clinical use. Specifically, clinical trials have supported the utility of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) to minimize unwanted or overshooting immune responses and reduce the level of pharmacological immunosuppression in transplant recipients. Tregs are recognized as the principal orchestrators of maintaining peripheral tolerance, thereby blocking excessive immune responses and prevent autoimmunity. Here, we summarize rationale for the adoptive Treg therapy, challenges in manufacturing and clinical experiences with this novel living drug and outline future perspectives of its use in transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Amini
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Berlin Institute of Health—Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jaspal Kaeda
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Enrico Fritsche
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andy Roemhild
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Kaiser
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Reinke
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Berlin Institute of Health—Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,*Correspondence: Petra Reinke,
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5
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Smith MR, Satter LRF, Vargas-Hernández A. STAT5b: A master regulator of key biological pathways. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1025373. [PMID: 36755813 PMCID: PMC9899847 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1025373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT)-5 proteins are required in immune regulation and homeostasis and play a crucial role in the development and function of several hematopoietic cells. STAT5b activation is involved in the expression of genes that participate in cell development, proliferation, and survival. STAT5a and STAT5b are paralogs and only human mutations in STAT5B have been identified leading to immune dysregulation and hematopoietic malignant transformation. The inactivating STAT5B mutations cause impaired post-natal growth, recurrent infections and immune dysregulation, whereas gain of function somatic mutations cause dysregulated allergic inflammation. These mutations are rare, and they are associated with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations which provide a disease model elucidating the biological mechanism of STAT5 by studying the consequences of perturbations in STAT5 activity. Further, the use of Jak inhibitors as therapy for a variety of autoimmune and malignant disorders has increased substantially heading relevant lessons for the consequences of Jak/STAT immunomodulation from the human model. This review summarizes the biology of the STAT5 proteins, human disease associate with molecular defects in STAT5b, and the connection between aberrant activation of STAT5b and the development of certain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison R. Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Retrovirology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States,William T. Shearer Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Human Immunobiology, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lisa R. Forbes Satter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Retrovirology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States,William T. Shearer Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Human Immunobiology, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Alexander Vargas-Hernández
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Retrovirology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States,William T. Shearer Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Human Immunobiology, Houston, TX, United States,*Correspondence: Alexander Vargas-Hernández,
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6
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miRNA expression profiles of the perilesional skin of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis patients are highly similar. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22645. [PMID: 36587063 PMCID: PMC9805436 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27235-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis vulgaris (PV) are chronic inflammatory skin diseases with heterogeneous molecular backgrounds. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) contribute to either development or regulation of many immune system related diseases. Only few miRNA profiling studies are available for AD and no comparisons between AD and PV skin miRNA profiles have been performed recently. We conducted a miRNA profiling analysis of skin, as well as serum, from adult AD and PV patients and control individuals. 130 miRNAs were differentially expressed in AD skin, of which 77 were common differentially expressed in AD and PV. No differentially expressed miRNAs were detected in serum. Pathway analyses revealed differentially expressed miRNAs to potentially target immune-system related pathways, including TNF-α, IL-2/STAT4 and IL-6/JAK/STAT3. Additional genetic analysis of published AD GWAS dataset detected association of several target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs in skin. Moreover, miR-28-5p, miR-31-5p, miR-378a-3p and miR-203a were validated as upregulated in the skin of AD and PV patients. All validated miRNAs were reliable predictive markers for AD or PV. In conclusion, miRNA expression pattern in the skin of adult AD patients is highly similar to that of PV with multiple differentially expressed miRNAs potentially involved in the regulation of immune responses in AD and PV.
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7
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Villarino AV, Laurence ADJ, Davis FP, Nivelo L, Brooks SR, Sun HW, Jiang K, Afzali B, Frasca D, Hennighausen L, Kanno Y, O’Shea JJ. A central role for STAT5 in the transcriptional programing of T helper cell metabolism. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabl9467. [PMID: 36427325 PMCID: PMC9844264 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abl9467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Activated lymphocytes adapt their metabolism to meet the energetic and biosynthetic demands imposed by rapid growth and proliferation. Common gamma chain (cγ) family cytokines are central to these processes, but the role of downstream signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) signaling, which is engaged by all cγ members, is poorly understood. Using genome-, transcriptome-, and metabolome-wide analyses, we demonstrate that STAT5 is a master regulator of energy and amino acid metabolism in CD4+ T helper cells. Mechanistically, STAT5 localizes to an array of enhancers and promoters for genes encoding essential enzymes and transporters, where it facilitates p300 recruitment and epigenetic remodeling. We also find that STAT5 licenses the activity of two other key metabolic regulators, the mTOR signaling pathway and the MYC transcription factor. Building on the latter, we present evidence for transcriptome-wide cooperation between STAT5 and MYC in both normal and transformed T cells. Together, our data provide a molecular framework for transcriptional programing of T cell metabolism downstream of cγ cytokines and highlight the JAK-STAT pathway in mediating cellular growth and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro V. Villarino
- National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal, and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Arian DJ Laurence
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Fred P. Davis
- National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal, and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Celsius Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Luis Nivelo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Stephen R. Brooks
- National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal, and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hong-Wei Sun
- National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal, and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kan Jiang
- National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal, and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Behdad Afzali
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniela Frasca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Lothar Hennighausen
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yuka Kanno
- National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal, and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John J. O’Shea
- National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal, and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
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8
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Abstract
Introduction Janus Kinase inhibitors (JAKi) have shown to be highly effective in the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. As with all immunomodulatory therapies, careful assessment of any treatment-associated infection risk is essential to inform clinical decision-making. Areas covered We summarize current literature on infection rates among the licensed JAKi using published phase II/III trial results, post-licensing and registry data. Expert opinion licensed JAKi show increased risk of infection across the class compared to placebo, most commonly affecting respiratory and urinary tracts, nasopharynx and skin. This risk is dose-dependent. Risks are similar at licensed JAKi doses to that seen with biologic therapies. The risk is compounded by other risk factors for infection, such as age and steroid co-prescription. Herpes zoster reactivation is more common with JAKi compared to other targeted immune modulation, making screening for varicella exposure and vaccination in appropriate cohorts an advisable strategy. Crucially, these small risk increases must be balanced against the known harms (including infection) of uncontrolled autoimmune disease. JAKi are a safe and potentially transformative treatment when used for appropriately selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam A Adas
- Centre of Rheumatic diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Edward Alveyn
- Centre of Rheumatic diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Emma Cook
- Centre of Rheumatic diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mrinalini Dey
- Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Rheumatology, Countess of Chester Hospital Nhs Foundation Trust, Chester, UK
| | - James B Galloway
- Centre of Rheumatic diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Katie Bechman
- Centre of Rheumatic diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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9
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Sutra Del Galy A, Menegatti S, Fuentealba J, Lucibello F, Perrin L, Helft J, Darbois A, Saitakis M, Tosello J, Rookhuizen D, Deloger M, Gestraud P, Socié G, Amigorena S, Lantz O, Menger L. In vivo genome-wide CRISPR screens identify SOCS1 as intrinsic checkpoint of CD4 + T H1 cell response. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabe8219. [PMID: 34860579 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abe8219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Menegatti
- INSERM U932, PSL University, Institut Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - Jaime Fuentealba
- INSERM U932, PSL University, Institut Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | | | - Laetitia Perrin
- INSERM U932, PSL University, Institut Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - Julie Helft
- INSERM U932, PSL University, Institut Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - Aurélie Darbois
- INSERM U932, PSL University, Institut Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - Michael Saitakis
- INSERM U932, PSL University, Institut Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - Jimena Tosello
- INSERM U932, PSL University, Institut Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - Derek Rookhuizen
- INSERM U932, PSL University, Institut Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - Marc Deloger
- INSERM US23, CNRS UMS 3655, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Pierre Gestraud
- Bioinformatics and Computational Systems Biology of Cancer, PSL Research University, MINES ParisTech, INSERM U900, Paris 75005, France
| | - Gérard Socié
- AP-HP Hospital Saint Louis, Hematology/Transplantation, Paris 75010, France
| | | | - Olivier Lantz
- INSERM U932, PSL University, Institut Curie, Paris 75005, France.,Laboratoire d'immunologie clinique, Institut Curie, Paris 75005, France.,Centre d'investigation Clinique en Biothérapie Gustave-Roussy Institut Curie (CIC-BT1428), Institut Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - Laurie Menger
- INSERM U932, PSL University, Institut Curie, Paris 75005, France
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10
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Scalco RC, Correa FA, Dantas NCB, Vasques GA, Jorge AAL. Hormone resistance and short stature: A journey through the pathways of hormone signaling. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 536:111416. [PMID: 34333056 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hormone resistances have been described in association with growth disorders, the majority involving the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1) axis or hormones with specific paracrine-autocrine actions in the growth plate. Defects in hormone receptors or in proteins involved in intracellular signal transduction (post-receptor defects) are the main mechanisms of hormone resistance leading to short stature. The characteristic phenotypes of each of these hormonal resistances are very distinct and bring with them important insights into the role of each hormone and its signaling pathway. In this review, we discuss the molecular and clinical aspects of the main hormone resistances associated with short stature in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata C Scalco
- Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas da Santa Casa de Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda A Correa
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratorio de Hormonios e Genetica Molecular (LIM/42) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HC-FMUSP), Brazil; Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil
| | - Naiara C B Dantas
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratorio de Hormonios e Genetica Molecular (LIM/42) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HC-FMUSP), Brazil; Unidade de Endocrinologia Genetica, Laboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular (LIM/25) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HC-FMUSP), Brazil
| | - Gabriela A Vasques
- Unidade de Endocrinologia Genetica, Laboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular (LIM/25) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HC-FMUSP), Brazil
| | - Alexander A L Jorge
- Unidade de Endocrinologia Genetica, Laboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular (LIM/25) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HC-FMUSP), Brazil.
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11
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Ma X, Somasundaram A, Qi Z, Hartman D, Singh H, Osmanbeyoglu H. SPaRTAN, a computational framework for linking cell-surface receptors to transcriptional regulators. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:9633-9647. [PMID: 34500467 PMCID: PMC8464045 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The identity and functions of specialized cell types are dependent on the complex interplay between signaling and transcriptional networks. Recently single-cell technologies have been developed that enable simultaneous quantitative analysis of cell-surface receptor expression with transcriptional states. To date, these datasets have not been used to systematically develop cell-context-specific maps of the interface between signaling and transcriptional regulators orchestrating cellular identity and function. We present SPaRTAN (Single-cell Proteomic and RNA based Transcription factor Activity Network), a computational method to link cell-surface receptors to transcription factors (TFs) by exploiting cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing (CITE-seq) datasets with cis-regulatory information. SPaRTAN is applied to immune cell types in the blood to predict the coupling of signaling receptors with cell context-specific TFs. Selected predictions are validated by prior knowledge and flow cytometry analyses. SPaRTAN is then used to predict the signaling coupled TF states of tumor infiltrating CD8+ T cells in malignant peritoneal and pleural mesotheliomas. SPaRTAN enhances the utility of CITE-seq datasets to uncover TF and cell-surface receptor relationships in diverse cellular states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Ma
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ashwin Somasundaram
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Zengbiao Qi
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Douglas J Hartman
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Harinder Singh
- Center for Systems Immunology and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Hatice Ulku Osmanbeyoglu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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12
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Torun A, Hupalowska A, Trzonkowski P, Kierkus J, Pyrzynska B. Intestinal Microbiota in Common Chronic Inflammatory Disorders Affecting Children. Front Immunol 2021; 12:642166. [PMID: 34163468 PMCID: PMC8215716 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.642166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence rate of chronic inflammatory disorders is on the rise in the pediatric population. Recent research indicates the crucial role of interactions between the altered intestinal microbiome and the immune system in the pathogenesis of several chronic inflammatory disorders in children, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and celiac disease (CeD). Here, we review recent knowledge concerning the pathogenic mechanisms underlying these disorders, and summarize the facts suggesting that the initiation and progression of IBD, T1DM, and CeD can be partially attributed to disturbances in the patterns of composition and abundance of the gut microbiota. The standard available therapies for chronic inflammatory disorders in children largely aim to treat symptoms. Although constant efforts are being made to maximize the quality of life for children in the long-term, sustained improvements are still difficult to achieve. Additional challenges are the changing physiology associated with growth and development of children, a population that is particularly susceptible to medication-related adverse effects. In this review, we explore new promising therapeutic approaches aimed at modulation of either gut microbiota or the activity of the immune system to induce a long-lasting remission of chronic inflammatory disorders. Recent preclinical studies and clinical trials have evaluated new approaches, for instance the adoptive transfer of immune cells, with genetically engineered regulatory T cells expressing antigen-specific chimeric antigen receptors. These approaches have revolutionized cancer treatments and have the potential for the protection of high-risk children from developing autoimmune diseases and effective management of inflammatory disorders. The review also focuses on the findings of studies that indicate that the responses to a variety of immunotherapies can be enhanced by strategic manipulation of gut microbiota, thus emphasizing on the importance of proper interaction between the gut microbiota and immune system for sustained health benefits and improvement of the quality of life of pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Torun
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Hupalowska
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Piotr Trzonkowski
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Kierkus
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Feeding Disorders and Pediatrics, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Pyrzynska
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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13
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Liu B, Zeng L, Shao Y, Fu R. Expression and function of SLAMF6 in CD8 + T lymphocytes of patients with severe aplastic anemia. Cell Immunol 2021; 364:104343. [PMID: 33774556 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the expression status of signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family 6 (SLAMF6) in CD8+ T lymphocytes of patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA) and its association with the clinical indicators and immune status of the disease. The effects of SLAMF6 on the function and apoptosis of CD8+ T lymphocytes were also investigated. Levels of SLAMF6 and SLAM-associated protein in the CD8+ T lymphocytes of SAA patients were significantly lower than the normal controls, and they were positively correlated with hematopoietic-related indicators but negatively correlated with the levels of functional molecules of CD8+ T lymphocytes. After blocking SLAMF6, CD8+ T lymphocyte functional molecule secretion was upregulated and RICD was downregulated in SAA patients, suggesting that SLAMF6, is involved in the pathogenetic mechanism of SAA by regulating CD8+ T lymphocyte functional molecule secretion and RICD levels. SLAMF6 may be a novel target for the regulation of CD8+ T lymphocyte homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingnan Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Street, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, PR China
| | - Lijie Zeng
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Street, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Shao
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Street, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, PR China
| | - Rong Fu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Street, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, PR China.
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14
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Hwa V, Fujimoto M, Zhu G, Gao W, Foley C, Kumbaji M, Rosenfeld RG. Genetic causes of growth hormone insensitivity beyond GHR. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2021; 22:43-58. [PMID: 33029712 PMCID: PMC7979432 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-020-09603-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone insensitivity (GHI) syndrome, first described in 1966, is classically associated with monogenic defects in the GH receptor (GHR) gene which result in severe post-natal growth failure as consequences of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) deficiency. Over the years, recognition of other monogenic defects downstream of GHR has greatly expanded understanding of primary causes of GHI and growth retardation, with either IGF-I deficiency or IGF-I insensitivity as clinical outcomes. Mutations in IGF1 and signaling component STAT5B disrupt IGF-I production, while defects in IGFALS and PAPPA2, disrupt transport and release of circulating IGF-I, respectively, affecting bioavailability of the growth-promoting IGF-I. Defects in IGF1R, cognate cell-surface receptor for IGF-I, disrupt not only IGF-I actions, but actions of the related IGF-II peptides. The importance of IGF-II for normal developmental growth is emphasized with recent identification of defects in the maternally imprinted IGF2 gene. Current application of next-generation genomic sequencing has expedited the pace of identifying new molecular defects in known genes or in new genes, thereby expanding the spectrum of GH and IGF insensitivity. This review discusses insights gained and future directions from patient-based molecular and functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Hwa
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
| | - Masanobu Fujimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Pediatrics and Perinatology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 36-1 Nishi-Cho, Yonago, 683-8504, Japan
| | - Gaohui Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 40014, China
| | - Wen Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Corinne Foley
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Meenasri Kumbaji
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Ron G Rosenfeld
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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15
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Mohtashami M, Razavi A, Abolhassani H, Aghamohammadi A, Yazdani R. Primary Immunodeficiency and Thrombocytopenia. Int Rev Immunol 2021; 41:135-159. [PMID: 33464134 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2020.1868454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiency (PID) or Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) refers to a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by immune system impairment. Although patients with IEI manifest highly variable symptoms, the most common clinical manifestations are recurrent infections, autoimmunity and malignancies. Some patients present hematological abnormality including thrombocytopenia due to different pathogenic mechanisms. This review focuses on primary and secondary thrombocytopenia as a complication, which can occur in IEI. Based on the International Union of Immunological Societies phenotypic classification for IEI, the several innate and adaptive immunodeficiency disorders can lead to thrombocytopenia. This review, for the first time, describes manifestation, mechanism and therapeutic modalities for thrombocytopenia in different classes of IEI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mohtashami
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadehsadat Razavi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biology Sciences, University of Kharazmi, Tehran, Iran.,Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Abolhassani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Asghar Aghamohammadi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Yazdani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Hwa V. Human growth disorders associated with impaired GH action: Defects in STAT5B and JAK2. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 519:111063. [PMID: 33122102 PMCID: PMC7736371 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) promotes postnatal human growth primarily by regulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I production through activation of the GH receptor (GHR)-JAK2-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-5B signaling pathway. Inactivating STAT5B mutations, both autosomal recessive (AR) and dominant-negative (DN), are causal of a spectrum of GH insensitivity (GHI) syndrome, IGF-I deficiency and postnatal growth failure. Only AR STAT5B defects, however, confer additional characteristics of immune dysfunction which can manifest as chronic, potentially fatal, pulmonary disease. Somatic activating STAT5B and JAK2 mutations are associated with a plethora of immune abnormalities but appear not to impact human linear growth. In this review, molecular defects associated with STAT5B deficiency is highlighted and insights towards understanding human growth and immunity is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Hwa
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, United States.
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17
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Consonni F, Favre C, Gambineri E. IL-2 Signaling Axis Defects: How Many Faces? Front Pediatr 2021; 9:669298. [PMID: 34277517 PMCID: PMC8282996 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.669298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CD25, Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B (STAT5B) and Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) are critical mediators of Interleukin-2 (IL-2) signaling pathway in regulatory T cells (Tregs). CD25 (i.e., IL-2 Receptor α) binds with high affinity to IL-2, activating STAT5B-mediated signaling that eventually results in transcription of FOXP3, a master regulator of Treg function. Consequently, loss-of-function mutations in these proteins give rise to Treg disorders (i.e., Tregopathies) that clinically result in multiorgan autoimmunity. Immunodysregulation, Polyendocrinopathy Enteropathy X-linked (IPEX), due to mutations in FOXP3, has historically been the prototype of Tregopathies. This review describes current knowledge about defects in CD25, STAT5B, and FOXP3, highlighting that these disorders both share a common biological background and display comparable clinical features. However, specific phenotypes are associated with each of these syndromes, while certain laboratory findings could be helpful tools for clinicians, in order to achieve a prompt genetic diagnosis. Current treatment strategies will be outlined, keeping an eye on gene editing, an interesting therapeutic perspective that could definitely change the natural history of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Consonni
- Anna Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudio Favre
- Division of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Meyer University Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gambineri
- Division of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Meyer University Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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18
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Involvement of STAT5 in Oncogenesis. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8090316. [PMID: 32872372 PMCID: PMC7555335 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8090316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins, and in particular STAT3, have been established as heavily implicated in cancer. Recently, the involvement of STAT5 signalling in the pathology of cancer has been shown to be of increasing importance. STAT5 plays a crucial role in the development of the mammary gland and the homeostasis of the immune system. However, in various cancers, aberrant STAT5 signalling promotes the expression of target genes, such as cyclin D, Bcl-2 and MMP-2, that result in increased cell proliferation, survival and metastasis. To target constitutive STAT5 signalling in cancers, there are several STAT5 inhibitors that can prevent STAT5 phosphorylation, dimerisation, or its transcriptional activity. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that target molecules upstream of STAT5 could also be utilised. Consequently, since STAT5 contributes to tumour aggressiveness and cancer progression, inhibiting STAT5 constitutive activation in cancers that rely on its signalling makes for a promising targeted treatment option.
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19
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Ravell JC, Chauvin SD, He T, Lenardo M. An Update on XMEN Disease. J Clin Immunol 2020; 40:671-681. [PMID: 32451662 PMCID: PMC7369250 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-020-00790-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
“X-linked immunodeficiency with magnesium defect, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, and neoplasia” (XMEN) disease is an inborn error of glycosylation and immunity caused by loss of function mutations in the magnesium transporter 1 (MAGT1) gene. It is a multisystem disease that strongly affects certain immune cells. MAGT1 is now confirmed as a non-catalytic subunit of the oligosaccharyltransferase complex and facilitates Asparagine (N)-linked glycosylation of specific substrates, making XMEN a congenital disorder of glycosylation manifesting as a combined immune deficiency. The clinical disease has variable expressivity and impaired glycosylation of key MAGT1-dependent glycoproteins in addition to Mg2+ abnormalities can explain some of the immune manifestations. NKG2D, an activating receptor critical for cytotoxic function against EBV, is poorly glycosylated and invariably decreased on CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells from XMEN patients. It is the best biomarker of the disease. The characterization of EBV-naïve XMEN patients has clarified features of the genetic disease that were previously attributed to EBV infection. Extra-immune manifestations, including hepatic and neurological abnormalities have recently been reported. EBV-associated lymphomas remain the main cause of severe morbidity. Unfortunately, treatment options to address the underlying mechanism of disease remain limited and Mg2+ supplementation has not proven successful. Here, we review the expanding clinical phenotype and recent advances in glycobiology that have increased our understanding of XMEN disease. We also propose updating XMEN to “X-linked MAGT1 deficiency with increased susceptibility to EBV-infection and N-linked glycosylation defect” in light of these novel findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Ravell
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Samuel D Chauvin
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, and Clinical Genomics Program, DIR, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tingyan He
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518038, China.
| | - Michael Lenardo
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, and Clinical Genomics Program, DIR, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Bethesda, MD, USA.
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20
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Wang X, Chai Z, Li Y, Long F, Hao Y, Pan G, Liu M, Li B. Identification of Potential Biomarkers for Anti-PD-1 Therapy in Melanoma by Weighted Correlation Network Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11040435. [PMID: 32316408 PMCID: PMC7230292 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most malignant form of skin cancer, which seriously threatens human life and health. Anti-PD-1 immunotherapy has shown clinical benefits in improving patients' overall survival, but some melanoma patients failed to respond. Effective therapeutic biomarkers are vital to evaluate and optimize benefits from anti-PD-1 treatment. Although the establishment of immunotherapy biomarkers is well underway, studies that identify predictors by gene network-based approaches are lacking. Here, we retrieved the existing datasets (GSE91061, GSE78220 and GSE93157, 79 samples in total) on anti-PD-1 therapy to explore potential therapeutic biomarkers in melanoma using weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA), function validation and clinical corroboration. As a result, 13 hub genes as critical nodes were traced from the key module associated with clinical features. After receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve validation by an independent dataset (GSE78220), six hub genes with diagnostic significance were further recovered. Moreover, these six genes were revealed to be closely associated not only with the immune system regulation, immune infiltration, and validated immunotherapy biomarkers, but also with excellent prognostic value and significant expression level in melanoma. The random forest prediction model constructed using these six genes presented a great diagnostic ability for anti-PD-1 immunotherapy response. Taken together, IRF1, JAK2, CD8A, IRF8, STAT5B, and SELL may serve as predictive therapeutic biomarkers for melanoma and could facilitate future anti-PD-1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400046, China; (X.W.); (Z.C.); (F.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Zixuan Chai
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400046, China; (X.W.); (Z.C.); (F.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Yinghong Li
- School of Biological Information, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China;
| | - Fei Long
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400046, China; (X.W.); (Z.C.); (F.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Youjin Hao
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China;
| | - Guizhi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400046, China; (X.W.); (Z.C.); (F.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Mingwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400046, China; (X.W.); (Z.C.); (F.L.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Bo Li
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China;
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (B.L.)
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21
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Therapeutic and Diagnostic Implications of T Cell Scarring in Celiac Disease and Beyond. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:836-852. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Fukuda K, Miura Y, Maeda T, Hayashi S, Kuroda R. Expression profiling of genes in rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes regulated by tumor necrosis factor-like ligand 1A using cDNA microarray analysis. Biomed Rep 2019; 1:1-5. [PMID: 31258900 PMCID: PMC6566564 DOI: 10.3892/br.2019.1216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that causes chronic inflammation in synovial tissues. Hyperplasia of synovial tissue leads to the formation of pannus, which invades joint cartilage and bone resulting in joint destruction. Tumor necrosis factor-like ligand 1A (TL1A), a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF15), contributes to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including RA. In the present study, a cDNA microarray was used to search for genes whose expression in rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLS) were regulated by TL1A. Four individual lines of primary cultured RA-FLS were incubated either with recombinant human TL1A protein or phosphate-buffered saline, as an unstimulated control, for 12 h. Gene expression was then detected through the microarray assay. The results revealed the expression profiles of genes in RA-FLS regulated by TL1A. The present study also demonstrated the functions of those genes whose expression in RA-FLS was regulated by TL1A. Among the genes in this profile, the present study focused on the following genes: Spectrin repeat-containing nuclear envelope 1, Fc receptor-like 2, PYD (pyrin domain)-containing 1, cell division cycle 45 homolog, signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B, and interferon regulatory factor 4. These genes may affect the pathogenesis of RA, including proliferation, regulation of B cells and T cells, inflammation, and cytokine processing. The present study revealed for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the expression profile of genes in RA-FLS regulated by TL1A. The data indicate that TL1A may regulate the gene expression of various key molecules in RA-FLS, thus affecting the pathogenesis of RA. Further investigations of the genes detected in the current profiles may provide a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis and a novel target for the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Fukuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yasushi Miura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan.,Division of Orthopedic Science, Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Science, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0142, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Maeda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Shinya Hayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kuroda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
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23
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Zhang Z, Gothe F, Pennamen P, James JR, McDonald D, Mata CP, Modis Y, Alazami AM, Acres M, Haller W, Bowen C, Döffinger R, Sinclair J, Brothers S, Zhang Y, Matthews HF, Naudion S, Pelluard F, Alajlan H, Yamazaki Y, Notarangelo LD, Thaventhiran JE, Engelhardt KR, Al-Mousa H, Hambleton S, Rooryck C, Smith KGC, Lenardo MJ. Human interleukin-2 receptor β mutations associated with defects in immunity and peripheral tolerance. J Exp Med 2019; 216:1311-1327. [PMID: 31040185 PMCID: PMC6547869 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20182304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Zhang et al. identify human IL-2Rβ deficiency as a cause of severe immune dysregulation. The hypomorphic gene mutations reveal variable IL-2Rβ expression and function between different lymphocyte subsets as a means of selectively modulating immune responses. Interleukin-2, which conveys essential signals for immunity, operates through a heterotrimeric receptor. Here we identify human interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) β chain (IL2RB) gene defects as a cause of life-threatening immune dysregulation. We report three homozygous mutations in the IL2RB gene of eight individuals from four consanguineous families that cause disease by distinct mechanisms. Nearly all patients presented with autoantibodies, hypergammaglobulinemia, bowel inflammation, dermatological abnormalities, lymphadenopathy, and cytomegalovirus disease. Patient T lymphocytes lacked surface expression of IL-2Rβ and were unable to respond to IL-2 stimulation. By contrast, natural killer cells retained partial IL-2Rβ expression and function. IL-2Rβ loss of function was recapitulated in a recombinant system in which IL2RB mutations caused reduced surface expression and IL-2 binding. Stem cell transplant ameliorated clinical symptoms in one patient; forced expression of wild-type IL-2Rβ also increased the IL-2 responsiveness of patient T lymphocytes in vitro. Insights from these patients can inform the development of IL-2–based therapeutics for immunological diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinan Zhang
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, and the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology and Clinical Genomics Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Florian Gothe
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK.,Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Perrine Pennamen
- University of Bordeaux, Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1211, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Service de Génétique Médicale, Bordeaux, France
| | - John R James
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David McDonald
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Carlos P Mata
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, and the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yorgo Modis
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, and the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anas M Alazami
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meghan Acres
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | | | | | - Rainer Döffinger
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Cambridge University Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jan Sinclair
- Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Yu Zhang
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology and Clinical Genomics Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Helen F Matthews
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology and Clinical Genomics Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sophie Naudion
- University of Bordeaux, Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1211, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Service de Génétique Médicale, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fanny Pelluard
- Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Huda Alajlan
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasuhiro Yamazaki
- Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology and Clinical Genomics Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology and Clinical Genomics Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - James E Thaventhiran
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, and the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Hamoud Al-Mousa
- Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sophie Hambleton
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK .,Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK
| | - Caroline Rooryck
- University of Bordeaux, Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1211, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Service de Génétique Médicale, Bordeaux, France
| | - Kenneth G C Smith
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, and the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael J Lenardo
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology and Clinical Genomics Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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24
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Storr HL, Chatterjee S, Metherell LA, Foley C, Rosenfeld RG, Backeljauw PF, Dauber A, Savage MO, Hwa V. Nonclassical GH Insensitivity: Characterization of Mild Abnormalities of GH Action. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:476-505. [PMID: 30265312 PMCID: PMC6607971 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
GH insensitivity (GHI) presents in childhood with growth failure and in its severe form is associated with extreme short stature and dysmorphic and metabolic abnormalities. In recent years, the clinical, biochemical, and genetic characteristics of GHI and other overlapping short stature syndromes have rapidly expanded. This can be attributed to advancing genetic techniques and a greater awareness of this group of disorders. We review this important spectrum of defects, which present with phenotypes at the milder end of the GHI continuum. We discuss their clinical, biochemical, and genetic characteristics. The objective of this review is to clarify the definition, identification, and investigation of this clinically relevant group of growth defects. We also review the therapeutic challenges of mild GHI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen L Storr
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Sumana Chatterjee
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Louise A Metherell
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Corinne Foley
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Center for Growth Disorders, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ron G Rosenfeld
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Philippe F Backeljauw
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Center for Growth Disorders, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Andrew Dauber
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Center for Growth Disorders, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Martin O Savage
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Vivian Hwa
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Center for Growth Disorders, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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25
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Acres MJ, Gothe F, Grainger A, Skelton AJ, Swan DJ, Willet JDP, Leech S, Galcheva S, Iotova V, Hambleton S, Engelhardt KR. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B deficiency due to a novel missense mutation in the coiled-coil domain. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 143:413-416.e4. [PMID: 30205186 PMCID: PMC6320259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meghan J Acres
- Primary Immunodeficiency Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Florian Gothe
- Primary Immunodeficiency Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatrics, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Angela Grainger
- Primary Immunodeficiency Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Skelton
- Bioinformatics Support Unit, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - David J Swan
- Primary Immunodeficiency Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph D P Willet
- Primary Immunodeficiency Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Suzy Leech
- Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sonya Galcheva
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University - Varna, Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital "St Marina", Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Violeta Iotova
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University - Varna, Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital "St Marina", Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Sophie Hambleton
- Primary Immunodeficiency Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Karin R Engelhardt
- Primary Immunodeficiency Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
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26
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Gadina M, Johnson C, Schwartz D, Bonelli M, Hasni S, Kanno Y, Changelian P, Laurence A, O'Shea JJ. Translational and clinical advances in JAK-STAT biology: The present and future of jakinibs. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:499-514. [PMID: 29999544 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5ri0218-084r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this era, it is axiomatic that cytokines have critical roles in cellular development and differentiation, immune homeostasis, and host defense. Equally, dysregulation of cytokines is known to contribute to diverse inflammatory and immune-mediated disorders. In fact, the past 20 years have witnessed the rapid translation of basic discoveries in cytokine biology to multiple successful biological agents (mAbs and recombinant fusion proteins) that target cytokines. These targeted therapies have not only fundamentally changed the face of multiple immune-mediated diseases but have also unequivocally established the role of specific cytokines in human disease; cytokine biologists have many times over provided remarkable basic advances with direct clinical benefit. Numerous cytokines rely on the JAK-STAT pathway for signaling, and new, safe, and effective small molecule inhibitors have been developed for a range of disorders. In this review, we will briefly summarize basic discoveries in cytokine signaling and briefly comment on some major unresolved issues. We will review clinical data pertaining to the first generation of JAK inhibitors and their clinical indications, discuss additional opportunities for targeting this pathway, and lay out some of the challenges that lie ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Gadina
- National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Catrina Johnson
- National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniella Schwartz
- National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Bonelli
- National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarfaraz Hasni
- National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuka Kanno
- National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul Changelian
- National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Arian Laurence
- National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John J O'Shea
- National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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27
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Abstract
Proper regulation of the immune system is required for protection against pathogens and preventing autoimmune disorders. Inborn errors of the immune system due to inherited or de novo germline mutations can lead to the loss of protective immunity, aberrant immune homeostasis, and the development of autoimmune disease, or combinations of these. Forward genetic screens involving clinical material from patients with primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) can vary in severity from life-threatening disease affecting multiple cell types and organs to relatively mild disease with susceptibility to a limited range of pathogens or mild autoimmune conditions. As central mediators of innate and adaptive immune responses, T cells are critical orchestrators and effectors of the immune response. As such, several PIDs result from loss of or altered T cell function. PID-associated functional defects range from complete absence of T cell development to uncontrolled effector cell activation. Furthermore, the gene products of known PID causal genes are involved in diverse molecular pathways ranging from T cell receptor signaling to regulators of protein glycosylation. Identification of the molecular and biochemical cause of PIDs can not only guide the course of treatment for patients, but also inform our understanding of the basic biology behind T cell function. In this chapter, we review PIDs with known genetic causes that intrinsically affect T cell function with particular focus on perturbations of biochemical pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Comrie
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Clinical Genomics Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michael J Lenardo
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Clinical Genomics Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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