1
|
Zhang Q, Zhang S, Chen J, Xie Z. The Interplay between Integrins and Immune Cells as a Regulator in Cancer Immunology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6170. [PMID: 37047140 PMCID: PMC10093897 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are a group of heterodimers consisting of α and β subunits that mediate a variety of physiological activities of immune cells, including cell migration, adhesion, proliferation, survival, and immunotolerance. Multiple types of integrins act differently on the same immune cells, while the same integrin may exert various effects on different immune cells. In the development of cancer, integrins are involved in the regulation of cancer cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and angiogenesis; conversely, integrins promote immune cell aggregation to mediate the elimination of tumors. The important roles of integrins in cancer progression have provided valuable clues for the diagnosis and targeted treatment of cancer. Furthermore, many integrin inhibitors have been investigated in clinical trials to explore effective regimens and reduce side effects. Due to the complexity of the mechanism of integrin-mediated cancer progression, challenges remain in the research and development of cancer immunotherapies (CITs). This review enumerates the effects of integrins on four types of immune cells and the potential mechanisms involved in the progression of cancer, which will provide ideas for more optimal CIT in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingfang Zhang
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jianrui Chen
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xie
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Novel approaches to preventing phagosomal infections: timing is key. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:22-31. [PMID: 36494273 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prophylactic vaccination strategies designed to prevent diseases caused by pathogens using the phagolysosome of innate immune cells as a site of intracellular replication and survival have been largely ineffective. These include Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), Leishmania spp., and Cryptococcus spp. These failed strategies have traditionally targeted CD4+ T helper (Th) 1 cell-mediated immune memory, deeming it crucial for vaccine efficacy. This failure warrants an investigation of alternative mediators of protection. Here, we suggest three novel approaches to activate phagocytic cells prior to or at the time of infection. We hypothesize that preventing the formation of the pathogen niche within the phagolysosome is essential for preventing disease, and a greater emphasis on the timing of phagocyte activation should generate more effective prophylactic treatment options.
Collapse
|
3
|
ACAP1 Deficiency Predicts Inferior Immunotherapy Response in Solid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235951. [PMID: 36497434 PMCID: PMC9740925 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ACAP1 plays a key role in endocytic recycling, which is essential for the normal function of lymphocytes. However, the expression and function of ACAP1 in lymphocytes have rarely been studied. METHODS Large-scale genomic data, including multiple bulk RNA-sequencing datasets, single-cell sequencing datasets, and immunotherapy cohorts, were exploited to comprehensively characterize ACAP1 expression, regulation, and function. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to uncover the pathways associated with ACAP1 expression. Eight algorithms, including TIMER, CIBERSORT, CIBERSORT-ABS, QUANTISEQ, xCELL, MCPCOUNTER, EPIC, and TIDE, were applied to estimate the infiltrating level of immune cells. Western blotting, qPCR, and ChIP-PCR were used to validate the findings from bioinformatic analyses. A T-cell co-culture killing assay was used to investigate the function of ACAP1 in lymphocytes. RESULTS ACAP1 was highly expressed in immune-related tissues and cells and minimally in other tissues. Moreover, single-cell sequencing analysis in tumor samples revealed that ACAP1 is expressed primarily in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), including T, B, and NK cells. ACAP1 expression is negatively regulated by promoter DNA methylation, with its promoter hypo-methylated in immune cells but hyper-methylated in other cells. Furthermore, SPI1 binds to the ACAP1 promoter and positively regulates its expression in immune cells. ACAP1 levels positively correlate with the infiltrating levels of TILs, especially CD8+ T cells, across a broad range of solid cancer types. ACAP1 deficiency is associated with poor prognosis and immunotherapeutic response in multiple cancer types treated with checkpoint blockade therapy (ICT). Functionally, the depletion of ACAP1 by RNA interference significantly impairs the T cell-mediated killing of tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that ACAP1 is essential for the normal function of TILs, and its deficiency indicates an immunologically "cold" status of tumors that are resistant to ICT.
Collapse
|
4
|
Feehan DD, Jamil K, Polyak MJ, Ogbomo H, Hasell M, LI SS, Xiang RF, Parkins M, Trapani JA, Harrison JJ, Mody CH. Natural killer cells kill extracellular Pseudomonas aeruginosa using contact-dependent release of granzymes B and H. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010325. [PMID: 35202434 PMCID: PMC8903247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that often infects individuals with the genetic disease cystic fibrosis, and contributes to airway blockage and loss of lung function. Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic, granular lymphocytes that are part of the innate immune system. NK cell secretory granules contain the cytolytic proteins granulysin, perforin and granzymes. In addition to their cytotoxic effects on cancer and virally infected cells, NK cells have been shown to play a role in an innate defense against microbes, including bacteria. However, it is not known if NK cells kill extracellular P. aeruginosa or how bacterial killing might occur at the molecular level. Here we show that NK cells directly kill extracellular P. aeruginosa using NK effector molecules. Live cell imaging of a co-culture of YT cells, a human NK cell line, and GFP-expressing P. aeruginosa in the presence of the viability dye propidium iodide demonstrated that YT cell killing of P. aeruginosa is contact-dependent. CRISPR knockout of granulysin or perforin in YT cells had no significant effect on YT cell killing of P. aeruginosa. Pre-treatment of YT and NK cells with the serine protease inhibitor 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin (DCI) to inhibit all granzymes, resulted in an inhibition of killing. Although singular CRISPR knockout of granzyme B or H had no effect, knockout of both in YT cells completely abrogated killing of P. aeruginosa in comparison to wild type YT cell controls. Nitrocefin assays suggest that the bacterial membrane is damaged. Inhibition of killing by antioxidants suggest that ROS are required for the bactericidal mode-of-action. Taken together, these results identify that NK cells kill P. aeruginosa through a membrane damaging, contact-dependent process that requires granzyme induced ROS production, and moreover, that granzyme B and H are redundant in this killing process. Natural Killer (NK) cells comprise at least 10% of the resident lymphocytes in the lung and are increasingly recognized as an important part of the immune response to bacterial pathogens. Despite invivo studies demonstrating the importance of NK cells in the host response to the respiratory pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the mechanism of antimicrobial activity has yet to be found. Using human NK cell lines and NK cells isolated from human peripheral blood, we show that NK cells exhibit direct, contact-dependent cytotoxicity against P. aeruginosa, leading to bacterial cell death. NK cells use granzyme B and H to damage bacterial membranes and permeabilize the cells. We provide evidence that this leads to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the bacteria that kills them. Furthermore, granzyme function appears to be redundant because loss of function by one granzyme is rescued by the activity of the other. These findings identify a role for granzymes in the antibacterial functions of NK cells, providing new insight into the host response to P. aeruginosa infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David D. Feehan
- Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Khusraw Jamil
- Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maria J. Polyak
- Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Henry Ogbomo
- Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Mark Hasell
- Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shu Shun LI
- Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Richard F. Xiang
- Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael Parkins
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joseph A. Trapani
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joe J. Harrison
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christopher H. Mody
- Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hegewisch-Solloa E, Seo S, Mundy-Bosse BL, Mishra A, Waldman EH, Maurrasse S, Grunstein E, Connors TJ, Freud AG, Mace EM. Differential Integrin Adhesome Expression Defines Human NK Cell Residency and Developmental Stage. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:950-965. [PMID: 34282002 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
NK cells are innate immune cells that reside within tissue and circulate in peripheral blood. They interact with a variety of microenvironments, yet how NK cells engage with these varied microenvironments is not well documented. The adhesome represents a molecular network of defined and predicted integrin-mediated signaling interactions. In this study, we define the integrin adhesome expression profile of NK cells from human tonsil, peripheral blood, and those derived from human hematopoietic precursors through stromal cell coculture systems. We report that the site of cell isolation and NK cell developmental stage dictate differences in expression of adhesome associated genes and proteins. Furthermore, we define differences in cortical actin content associated with differential expression of actin regulating proteins, suggesting that differences in adhesome expression are associated with differences in cortical actin homeostasis. These data provide understanding of the diversity of human NK cell populations and how they engage with their microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Everardo Hegewisch-Solloa
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Seungmae Seo
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Bethany L Mundy-Bosse
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Anjali Mishra
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.,Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Erik H Waldman
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Sarah Maurrasse
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Eli Grunstein
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Thomas J Connors
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care and Hospital Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; and
| | - Aharon G Freud
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.,Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Emily M Mace
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Stotesbury C, Alves-Peixoto P, Montoya B, Ferez M, Nair S, Snyder CM, Zhang S, Knudson CJ, Sigal LJ. α2β1 Integrin Is Required for Optimal NK Cell Proliferation during Viral Infection but Not for Acquisition of Effector Functions or NK Cell-Mediated Virus Control. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:1582-1591. [PMID: 32015010 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
NK cells play an important role in antiviral resistance. The integrin α2, which dimerizes with integrin β1, distinguishes NK cells from innate lymphoid cells 1 and other leukocytes. Despite its use as an NK cell marker, little is known about the role of α2β1 in NK cell biology. In this study, we show that in mice α2β1 deficiency does not alter the balance of NK cell/ innate lymphoid cell 1 generation and slightly decreases the number of NK cells in the bone marrow and spleen without affecting NK cell maturation. NK cells deficient in α2β1 had no impairment at entering or distributing within the draining lymph node of ectromelia virus (ECTV)-infected mice or at becoming effectors but proliferated poorly in response to ECTV and did not increase in numbers following infection with mouse CMV (MCMV). Still, α2β1-deficient NK cells efficiently protected from lethal mousepox and controlled MCMV titers in the spleen. Thus, α2β1 is required for optimal NK cell proliferation but is dispensable for protection against ECTV and MCMV, two well-established models of viral infection in which NK cells are known to be important.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colby Stotesbury
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Pedro Alves-Peixoto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Brian Montoya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Maria Ferez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Savita Nair
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Christopher M Snyder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Shunchuan Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Cory J Knudson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Luis J Sigal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rudman J, Evans RJ, Johnston SA. Are macrophages the heroes or villains during cryptococcosis? Fungal Genet Biol 2019; 132:103261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2019.103261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
8
|
Decote-Ricardo D, LaRocque-de-Freitas IF, Rocha JDB, Nascimento DO, Nunes MP, Morrot A, Freire-de-Lima L, Previato JO, Mendonça-Previato L, Freire-de-Lima CG. Immunomodulatory Role of Capsular Polysaccharides Constituents of Cryptococcus neoformans. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:129. [PMID: 31275938 PMCID: PMC6593061 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcosis is a systemic fungal infection caused by Cryptococcus neoformans. In immunocompetent patients, cryptococcal infection is often confined to the lungs. In immunocompromised individuals, C. neoformans may cause life-threatening illness, either from novel exposure or through reactivation of a previously acquired latent infection. For example, cryptococcal meningitis is a severe clinical disease that can manifest in people that are immunocompromised due to AIDS. The major constituents of the Cryptococcus polysaccharide capsule, glucuronoxylomannan (GXM), and galactoxylomannan (GalXM), also known as glucuronoxylomanogalactan (GXMGal), are considered the primary virulence factors of Cryptococcus. Despite the predominance of GXM in the polysaccharide capsule, GalXM has more robust immunomodulatory effects on host cellular immunity. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding host-Crytococcus neoformans interactions and the role of capsular polysaccharides in host immunomodulation. Future studies will likely facilitate a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in antigenic recognition and host immune response to C. neoformans and lead to the development of new therapeutic pathways for cryptococcal infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debora Decote-Ricardo
- Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Dutra B Rocha
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Danielle O Nascimento
- Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil.,Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marise P Nunes
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Morrot
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Freire-de-Lima
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jose Osvaldo Previato
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucia Mendonça-Previato
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Barrow AD, Martin CJ, Colonna M. The Natural Cytotoxicity Receptors in Health and Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:909. [PMID: 31134055 PMCID: PMC6514059 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Natural Cytotoxicity Receptors (NCRs), NKp46, NKp44, and NKp30, were some of the first human activating Natural Killer (NK) cell receptors involved in the non-MHC-restricted recognition of tumor cells to be cloned over 20 years ago. Since this time many host- and pathogen-encoded ligands have been proposed to bind the NCRs and regulate the cytotoxic and cytokine-secreting functions of tissue NK cells. This diverse set of NCR ligands can manifest on the surface of tumor or virus-infected cells or can be secreted extracellularly, suggesting a remarkable NCR polyfunctionality that regulates the activity of NK cells in different tissue compartments during steady state or inflammation. Moreover, the NCRs can also be expressed by other innate and adaptive immune cell subsets under certain tissue conditions potentially conferring NK recognition programs to these cells. Here we review NCR biology in health and disease with particular reference to how this important class of receptors regulates the functions of tissue NK cells as well as confer NK cell recognition patterns to other innate and adaptive lymphocyte subsets. Finally, we highlight how NCR biology is being harnessed for novel therapeutic interventions particularly for enhanced tumor surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander David Barrow
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Claudia Jane Martin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| |
Collapse
|