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Chohan KL, Ansell SM. SOHO State of the Art Updates and Next Questions | From Biology to Therapy: Progress in Hodgkin Lymphoma. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA, MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2023; 23:705-713. [PMID: 37344332 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a unique lymphoid malignancy where the malignant cells comprise only 1% to 2% of the total tumor cellularity. Over the past 2 decades, the treatment of HL has evolved drastically based on the advent of novel targeted therapies. Novel agents including programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates such as brentuximab vedotin, bispecific antibodies, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies have served to shape the management of HL in the frontline as well as the relapsed and refractory (R/R) setting. Some of these agents have been incorporated into treatment algorithms, while others are currently under investigation demonstrating promising results. This review focuses on highlighting the underlying tumor biology forming the basis of therapeutics in HL, and reviews some of the emerging and established novel therapies.
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Perrone S, Lopedote P, De Sanctis V, Iamundo De Cumis I, Pulsoni A, Strati P. Novel Drugs and Radiotherapy in Relapsed Lymphomas: Abscopal Response and Beyond. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2751. [PMID: 37345088 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Combined modality has represented a mainstay of treatment across many lymphoma histologies, given their sensitivity to both multi-agent chemotherapy and intermediate-dose radiotherapy. More recently, several new agents, including immunotherapies, have reshaped the therapeutic panorama of some lymphomas. In parallel, radiotherapy techniques have witnessed substantial improvement, accompanied by a growing understanding that radiation itself comes with an immune-mediated effect. Six decades after a metastatic lesion regression outside the irradiated field was first described, there is increasing evidence that a combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy could boost an abscopal effect. This review focuses on the mechanisms underlying this interaction in the setting of lymphomas, and on the results of pivotal prospective studies. Furthermore, the available evidence on the concomitant use of radiotherapy and small molecules (i.e., lenalidomide, venetoclax, and ibrutinib), as well as brentuximab vedotin, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, is summarized. Currently, combining radiotherapy with new agents in patients who are affected by lymphomas appears feasible, particularly as a bridge to anti-CD19 autologous CAR T-cell infusion. However, more studies are required to assess these combinations, and preliminary data suggest only a synergistic rather than a curative effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Perrone
- Department of Hematology, S.M. Goretti Hospital, Polo Universitario Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Paolo Lopedote
- Department of Medicine, St Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02135, USA
| | - Vitaliana De Sanctis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicina e Psicologia, Sant'Andrea Hospital, University of Rome "La Sapienza", 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilenia Iamundo De Cumis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, A. Businco Hospital, ARNAS G. Brotzu, 09121 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pulsoni
- Department of Hematology, S.M. Goretti Hospital, Polo Universitario Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Paolo Strati
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Abstract
Hodgkin lymphoma is a B-cell malignancy with approximately 85-95% complete remission rate following frontline therapy; however, relapsed/refractory disease occurs in roughly 10-30% of patients after treatment. Salvage therapy conventionally relies upon cytotoxic chemotherapy followed by high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation. A considerable number of patients experience relapse after transplantation, and further salvage management has included the use of allogeneic transplantation and radiotherapy. In the past decade, novel therapies including, brentuximab vedotin, PD-1 inhibitors, and the incorporation of PET-imaging into management have changed the paradigm of relapsed/refractory disease care. Novel therapies have been investigated in both single and combination regimens with other novel therapies and traditional chemotherapies. There is promising early work into the utility of CD30.CAR-T cell therapy, AFM13, camidanlumab tesirine, novel PD-1 inhibitors, and JAK1/JAK2 inhibition in management. Herein, we will review current salvage therapies in Hodgkin lymphoma and future directions in relapsed/refractory disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Chohan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Shea L, Mehta-Shah N. Brentuximab Vedotin in the Treatment of Peripheral T Cell Lymphoma and Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2020; 15:9-19. [PMID: 32016790 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-020-00561-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The recent development of brentuximab vedotin (BV), an antibody-drug conjugate targeting CD30-positive cells, has led to therapeutic advances in the treatment of T cell lymphomas. In this review, we discuss key studies of BV in peripheral T cell lymphoma (PTCL) and cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) and highlight important questions for further investigation. RECENT FINDINGS Monotherapy with BV has proven to be effective and well tolerated in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) CD30-positive CTCL. BV has shown significant activity in R/R PTCL as well, with particularly durable responses in patients with anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). In a landmark phase III study (ECHELON-2), BV + CHP demonstrated superior progression-free and overall survival relative to CHOP as frontline therapy for patients with CD30-expressing PTCL, representing the first randomized trial demonstrating an overall survival benefit in PTCL. Though BV is overall well tolerated, peripheral neuropathy remains a clinically significant adverse effect. BV is a major therapeutic advance in the treatment of patients with R/R CTCL and of those with PTCL in both the R/R and frontline settings. Key ongoing areas of investigation include optimization of CD30 expression as a predictive biomarker as well as the role of BV in consolidation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Shea
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid, Box 8056, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Neha Mehta-Shah
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid, Box 8056, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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Mina AA, Vakkalagadda C, Pro B. Novel Therapies and Approaches to Relapsed/Refractory HL Beyond Chemotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030421. [PMID: 30934568 PMCID: PMC6468730 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is highly curable with first-line therapy, relapses occur in approximately 10–20% of patients with early stage disease and 30–40% of patients with advanced stage disease. The standard approach for relapsed or refractory disease is salvage therapy, followed by consolidation with high dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT). Patients who achieve a complete response to salvage therapy prior to ASCT have better outcomes, thus recent studies have focused on incorporating newer agents in this setting. Major challenges in the management of relapsed patients remain how to choose and sequence the many salvage therapies that are currently available and how to best incorporate novel agents in the current treatment paradigms. In this article, we will summarize the most recent advances in the management of patients with recurrent HL and will mainly focus on the role of new agents approved and under investigation. Aside from brentuximab vedotin and checkpoint inhibitors, other novel agents and therapies are showing promising early results. However, at least with some of the newest targeted strategies, it is important to recognize that we are facing new challenges in terms of toxicities, which require very close monitoring and education of both the patient and treating physician.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Antoine Mina
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago Illinois, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Chetan Vakkalagadda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago Illinois, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Barbara Pro
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago Illinois, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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CD4 and CD30 Coexpression in a Cutaneous Manifestation of Systemic Mastocytosis—A Pitfall. Am J Dermatopathol 2018; 40:628-630. [DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000000895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Watkins MP, Fanale MA, Bartlett NL. SOHO State of the Art Updates and Next Questions: Hodgkin Lymphoma. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2018; 18:81-90. [PMID: 29366607 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Until recently, advances in classic Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) treatment primarily consisted of minor modifications of highly effective decades-old chemotherapy and radiation approaches. In early-stage disease, excellent outcomes have been reported with fewer cycles of chemotherapy, lower doses, smaller radiation fields and in some circumstances, radiation elimination. In advanced-stage disease, maintaining the dose intensity of standard chemotherapy regimens has resulted in modest improvements in outcomes. During the past decade, the use of early interim positron emission tomography (PET) scans to escalate or de-escalate treatment has been the subject of intense investigation with the goal of maximizing efficacy and minimizing toxicity. Important updates from recent PET-directed trials include; elimination of bleomycin in patients with advanced-stage HL and negative interim PET findings, the benefit of therapy escalation in patients with unfavorable early-stage HL and positive interim PET findings, and the minimal benefit of consolidative radiotherapy in patients with unfavorable early-stage HL and negative interim PET findings. A more nuanced approach to consolidative radiotherapy is required for patients with favorable early-stage disease based on age, disease sites, secondary cancer risk, and cardiovascular disease. Brentuximab vedotin and nivolumab/pembrolizumab have provided promising new options with surprisingly high response rates and modest toxicity for patients with relapsed HL whose disease does not respond to standard treatments. Incorporating these agents into earlier therapy is an area of active investigation for all stages of HL. Although the overall prognosis for HL patients has seen incremental improvement, efforts to optimize treatment with more effective and less toxic approaches continue.
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Antibody–Drug Conjugates for the Treatment of Solid Tumors: Clinical Experience and Latest Developments. Target Oncol 2017; 12:719-739. [DOI: 10.1007/s11523-017-0535-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Bhatt G, Maddocks K, Christian B. CD30 and CD30-Targeted Therapies in Hodgkin Lymphoma and Other B cell Lymphomas. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2016; 11:480-491. [DOI: 10.1007/s11899-016-0345-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Lee HJ, Lee EK, Seo YE, Shin YH, Kim HS, Chun YH, Yoon JS, Kim HH, Han MY, Kim CK, Kim KE, Koh YY, Kim JT. Roles of Bcl-2 and caspase-9 and -3 in CD30-induced human eosinophil apoptosis. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2015; 50:145-152. [PMID: 26254825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2015.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Activation of cell surface CD30 by immobilized anti-CD30 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) induces strong apoptosis in human eosinophils. This anti-CD30 mAb-induced eosinophil apoptosis is inhibited by the addition of inhibitors of p38, ERK1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinases, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. However, there is little data investigating the role of Bcl-2 and caspases in eosinophil apoptosis induced by anti-CD30 mAb. We sought to determine whether anti-CD30 mAb induces human eosinophil apoptosis via Bcl-2 and caspase pathways. METHODS Peripheral blood was drawn from 37 healthy volunteers. The CD30 expression on eosinophils was measured at various time points. Eosinophils were then cultured in plates precoated with anti-CD30 mAb (clone Ber-H8), isotype control immunoglobulin G1, interleukin (IL)-5, or dexamethasone. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the expression of Bcl-2, procaspase-8, -9, and -3, and caspase-8, -9, and -3 after cross-linking of CD30. Human eosinophils were also cultured in plates precoated with anti-CD30 mAb (clone Ber-H8) in the presence or absence of caspase-9 or -3 inhibitors. Eosinophil apoptosis was assessed using flow cytometry. RESULTS The addition of anti-CD30 mAb significantly increased eosinophil apoptosis compared with controls. In western blot analysis, the addition of anti-CD30 mAb significantly decreased the expression of Bcl-2 and procaspase-9 and -3 and increased the expression of caspase-9 and -3. The addition of caspase-9 or -3 inhibitors decreased anti-CD30 mAb-induced human eosinophil apoptosis. Procaspase-8 or caspase-8 expression was not changed in response to various stimuli. CONCLUSION Anti-CD30 mAb-induced human eosinophil apoptosis is likely to be mediated through Bcl-2 and caspase-9 and -3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Eun Seo
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Ho Shin
- Department of Medicine, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Soo Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Hong Chun
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Seo Yoon
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Hee Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Yong Han
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Keun Kim
- Asthma and Allergy Center, Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Earn Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Yull Koh
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tack Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Alig SK, Dreyling M, Seppi B, Aulinger B, Witkowski L, Rieger CT. Severe cytokine release syndrome after the first dose of Brentuximab Vedotin in a patient with relapsed systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma (sALCL): a case report and review of literature. Eur J Haematol 2014; 94:554-7. [PMID: 24913471 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Brentuximab Vedotin is an antibody - drug conjugate targeting CD30. We report a case of severe cytokine release syndrome (CRS) after administration of the first dose of Brentuximab Vedotin in a 64-yr-old patient with relapsed systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma (sALCL). To our knowledge, this is the first case of CRS to Brentuximab Vedotin described in the literature. However, CRS to Brentuximab Vedotin might be underestimated, as the drug has not been tested in large phase III trials yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan K Alig
- Department of Medicine III, Medical Centre of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Dreyling
- Department of Medicine III, Medical Centre of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Seppi
- Department of Medicine III, Medical Centre of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Benedikt Aulinger
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Centre of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lukas Witkowski
- Department of Medicine III, Medical Centre of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina T Rieger
- Department of Medicine III, Medical Centre of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Sánchez-Muñoz L, Teodosio C, Morgado JMT, Perbellini O, Mayado A, Alvarez-Twose I, Matito A, Jara-Acevedo M, García-Montero AC, Orfao A, Escribano L. Flow Cytometry in Mastocytosis. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2014; 34:297-313. [DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
CD30 is a transmembrane receptor, normally not expressed by mast cells, which regulates proliferation/apoptosis and antibody responses. Aberrant expression of CD30 by mastocytosis mast cells and interaction with its ligand CD30L (CD153) appears to play an important role in the pathogenesis and clinical presentation of systemic mastocytosis. This article highlights the expression profile and role of CD30 and CD30L in physiologic and pathologic conditions, the applicability of CD30 as a marker for systemic mastocytosis, the consequences of mast cell-expressed CD30, and the possibility of future anti-CD30 based cytoreductive therapies.
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Mitochondria in the center of human eosinophil apoptosis and survival. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:3952-69. [PMID: 24603536 PMCID: PMC3975377 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15033952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are abundantly present in most phenotypes of asthma and they contribute to the maintenance and exacerbations of the disease. Regulators of eosinophil longevity play critical roles in determining whether eosinophils accumulate into the airways of asthmatics. Several cytokines enhance eosinophil survival promoting eosinophilic airway inflammation while for example glucocorticoids, the most important anti-inflammatory drugs used to treat asthma, promote the intrinsic pathway of eosinophil apoptosis and by this mechanism contribute to the resolution of eosinophilic airway inflammation. Mitochondria seem to play central roles in both intrinsic mitochondrion-centered and extrinsic receptor-mediated pathways of apoptosis in eosinophils. Mitochondria may also be important for survival signalling. In addition to glucocorticoids, another important agent that regulates human eosinophil longevity via mitochondrial route is nitric oxide, which is present in increased amounts in the airways of asthmatics. Nitric oxide seems to be able to trigger both survival and apoptosis in eosinophils. This review discusses the current evidence of the mechanisms of induced eosinophil apoptosis and survival focusing on the role of mitochondria and clinically relevant stimulants, such as glucocorticoids and nitric oxide.
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Ilmarinen P, Moilanen E, Kankaanranta H. Regulation of spontaneous eosinophil apoptosis-a neglected area of importance. J Cell Death 2014; 7:1-9. [PMID: 25278781 PMCID: PMC4167313 DOI: 10.4137/jcd.s13588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is characterized by the accumulation of eosinophils in the airways in most phenotypes. Eosinophils are inflammatory cells that require an external survival-prolonging stimulus such as granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin (IL)-5, or IL-3 for survival. In their absence, eosinophils are programmed to die by spontaneous apoptosis in a few days. Eosinophil apoptosis can be accelerated by Fas ligation or by pharmacological agents such as glucocorticoids. Evidence exists for the relevance of these survival-prolonging and pro-apoptotic agents in the regulation of eosinophilic inflammation in inflamed airways. Much less is known about the physiological significance and mechanisms of spontaneous eosinophil apoptosis even though it forms the basis of regulation of eosinophil longevity by pathophysiological factors and pharmacological agents. This review concentrates on discussing the mechanisms of spontaneous eosinophil apoptosis compared to those of glucocorticoid- and Fas-induced apoptosis. We aim to answer the question whether the external apoptotic stimuli only augment the ongoing pathway of spontaneous apoptosis or truly activate a specific pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinja Ilmarinen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, School of Medicine University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Eeva Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, School of Medicine University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Hannu Kankaanranta
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, School of Medicine University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland. ; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
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Morgado JM, Perbellini O, Johnson RC, Teodósio C, Matito A, Álvarez-Twose I, Bonadonna P, Zamò A, Jara-Acevedo M, Mayado A, Garcia-Montero A, Mollejo M, George TI, Zanotti R, Orfao A, Escribano L, Sánchez-Muñoz L. CD30 expression by bone marrow mast cells from different diagnostic variants of systemic mastocytosis. Histopathology 2013; 63:780-7. [PMID: 24111625 DOI: 10.1111/his.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS CD30 expression by bone marrow (BM) mast cells (MC) has been reported recently in systemic mastocytosis (SM) patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential diagnostic and prognostic value of CD30 expression in SM as assessed by multiparameter flow cytometry. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 163 consecutive BM samples corresponding to 142 SM patients and 21 non-mastocytosis cases were studied. CD30 was positive in most SM patients (80%), but in only one non-mastocytosis case (4.8%). When combined with CD25, CD30 contributed to an improved accuracy over that of CD25 alone (98% versus 93%) mainly because most (eight of nine) of the well-differentiated SM (WDSM), who lacked CD25, were CD30(+). Similar levels of expression of CD30 were observed among all different subgroups of SM except mast cell leukaemia; among indolent SM (ISM) patients, no significant association was observed between the levels of CD30 expression and other clinical and biological features of the disease. CONCLUSIONS The increased expression of CD30 associated with absence of CD25 contributes to the diagnosis of WDSM and its distinction from other subtypes of SM. By contrast, CD30 expression did not contribute either to prognostic stratification of ISM or to the differential diagnosis between ISM and aggressive SM cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Morgado
- Instituto de Estudios de Mastocitosis de Castilla La Mancha, Toledo, Spain; Red Española de Mastocitosis, Toledo, Spain
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Boomer JS, Parulekar AD, Patterson BM, Yin-Declue H, Deppong CM, Crockford S, Jarjour NN, Castro M, Green JM. A detailed phenotypic analysis of immune cell populations in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of atopic asthmatics after segmental allergen challenge. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2013; 9:37. [PMID: 24330650 PMCID: PMC3848528 DOI: 10.1186/1710-1492-9-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atopic asthma is characterized by intermittent exacerbations triggered by exposure to allergen. Exacerbations are characterized by an acute inflammatory reaction in the airways, with recruitment of both innate and adaptive immune cells. These cell populations as well as soluble factors are critical for initiating and controlling the inflammatory processes in allergic asthma. Detailed data on the numbers and types of cells recruited following allergen challenge is lacking. In this paper we present an extensive phenotypic analysis of the inflammatory cell infiltrate present in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid following bronchoscopically directed allergen challenge in mild atopic asthmatics. Methods A re-analysis of pooled data obtained prior to intervention in our randomized, placebo controlled, double blinded study (costimulation inhibition in asthma trial [CIA]) was performed. Twenty-four subjects underwent bronchoscopically directed segmental allergen challenge followed by BAL collection 48 hours later. The BAL fluid was analyzed by multi-color flow cytometry for immune cell populations and multi-plex ELISA for cytokine detection. Results Allergen instillation induced pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6) and immune modulating cytokines (IL-2, IFN-γ, and IL-10) along with an increase in lymphocytes and suppressor cells (Tregs and MDSC). Interestingly, membrane expression of CD30 was identified on lymphocytes, especially Tregs, but not eosinophils. Soluble CD30 was also detected in the BAL fluid after allergen challenge in adult atopic asthmatics. Conclusions After segmental allergen challenge of adult atopic asthmatics, cell types associated with a pro-inflammatory as well as an anti-inflammatory response are detected within the BAL fluid of the lung.
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Younes A, Gopal AK, Smith SE, Ansell SM, Rosenblatt JD, Savage KJ, Ramchandren R, Bartlett NL, Cheson BD, de Vos S, Forero-Torres A, Moskowitz CH, Connors JM, Engert A, Larsen EK, Kennedy DA, Sievers EL, Chen R. Results of a pivotal phase II study of brentuximab vedotin for patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30:2183-9. [PMID: 22454421 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.38.0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1077] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Brentuximab vedotin is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) that selectively delivers monomethyl auristatin E, an antimicrotubule agent, into CD30-expressing cells. In phase I studies, brentuximab vedotin demonstrated significant activity with a favorable safety profile in patients with relapsed or refractory CD30-positive lymphomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this multinational, open-label, phase II study, the efficacy and safety of brentuximab vedotin were evaluated in patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) after autologous stem-cell transplantation (auto-SCT). Patients had histologically documented CD30-positive HL by central pathology review. A total of 102 patients were treated with brentuximab vedotin 1.8 mg/kg by intravenous infusion every 3 weeks. In the absence of disease progression or prohibitive toxicity, patients received a maximum of 16 cycles. The primary end point was the overall objective response rate (ORR) determined by an independent radiology review facility. RESULTS The ORR was 75% with complete remission (CR) in 34% of patients. The median progression-free survival time for all patients was 5.6 months, and the median duration of response for those in CR was 20.5 months. After a median observation time of more than 1.5 years, 31 patients were alive and free of documented progressive disease. The most common treatment-related adverse events were peripheral sensory neuropathy, nausea, fatigue, neutropenia, and diarrhea. CONCLUSION The ADC brentuximab vedotin was associated with manageable toxicity and induced objective responses in 75% of patients with relapsed or refractory HL after auto-SCT. Durable CRs approaching 2 years were observed, supporting study in earlier lines of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Younes
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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The role of costimulatory receptors of the tumour necrosis factor receptor family in atherosclerosis. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2012:464532. [PMID: 22235167 PMCID: PMC3253462 DOI: 10.1155/2012/464532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is mediated by both the innate and adaptive immune responses. T lymphocytes, that together with B cells are the cellular effectors of the adaptive immune system, are currently endowed with crucial roles in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Costimulatory receptors are a class of molecules expressed by T lymphocytes that regulate the activation of T cells and the generation of effector T-cell responses. In this review we present the roles of costimulatory receptors of the tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily in atherosclerosis and discuss the implications for future therapies that could be used to specifically modulate the immune response of pathogenic T cells in this disease.
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Derby L, Czuczman MS. Update on novel monoclonal antibodies and immunoconjugates for the treatment of lymphoproliferative disorders. Future Oncol 2011; 7:963-79. [PMID: 21823892 DOI: 10.2217/fon.11.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The year 1997 was pivotal in lymphoma research, as it was the year that the US FDA approved rituximab. Rituximab significantly altered clinical management and outcomes of patients with B-cell malignancies. Despite a high initial response rate, the majority of patients subsequently develop variable degrees of therapeutic resistance to rituximab. Research attempting to understand the mechanisms of rituximab resistance and potential ways to overcome them has given rise to the development of novel targeted immunotherapeutics. This article will update the readers on advances in bioengineering of monoclonal antibodies and immunoconjugates that target CD20, as well as other surface antigens. Some additional novel immunotherapeutics, including small modular immunopharmaceuticals, bispecific monoclonal antibodies, T-cell engaging antibodies and immunoconjugates, will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmyla Derby
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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Fanale MA, Forero-Torres A, Rosenblatt JD, Advani RH, Franklin AR, Kennedy DA, Han TH, Sievers EL, Bartlett NL. A phase I weekly dosing study of brentuximab vedotin in patients with relapsed/refractory CD30-positive hematologic malignancies. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 18:248-55. [PMID: 22080439 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-1425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) brentuximab vedotin comprises a CD30-directed antibody covalently attached to the potent antimicrotubule agent monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) via a protease-cleavable linker. This study explored the safety, maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), and activity of weekly dosing of brentuximab vedotin in patients with relapsed or refractory CD30-positive hematologic malignancies. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In this phase I dose-escalation study, brentuximab vedotin was administered intravenously on Days 1, 8, and 15, of each 28-day cycle at doses ranging from 0.4 to 1.4 mg/kg. Forty-four patients were enrolled: 38 with Hodgkin lymphoma, five with systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma, and one with peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified. Doses were escalated in increments of 0.2 mg/kg until dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was observed. Patients were monitored for antitherapeutic antibodies and pharmacokinetic parameters. Antitumor assessments were carried out every two cycles. RESULTS The MTD was 1.2 mg/kg. The most common adverse events were peripheral sensory neuropathy, fatigue, nausea, diarrhea, arthralgia, and pyrexia; and the majority of events were mild to moderate in severity. Tumor regression occurred in 85% of patients and the overall objective response rate was 59% (n = 24), with 34% (n = 14) complete remissions. The median duration of response was not reached at a median follow-up of 45 weeks on study. CONCLUSIONS Weekly administration of brentuximab vedotin resulted in tumor regression and durable remissions in patients with CD30-positive malignancies. This ADC was associated with manageable toxicity, including peripheral neuropathy. Further study in CD30-positive malignancies is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Fanale
- Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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Roncolato F, Gazzola A, Zinzani PL, Pileri SA, Piccaluga PP. Targeted molecular therapy in peripheral T-cell lymphomas. Expert Rev Hematol 2011; 4:551-562. [PMID: 21939422 DOI: 10.1586/ehm.11.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are rare neoplasms constituting a heterogeneous group of diseases. At present, available chemotherapy regimens that have improved outcomes in B-cell lymphomas appear to be less efficacious in the context of PTCLs and, thus, alternative strategies are warranted. In the last few years, based on the recent, deeper understanding of PTCL biology, several molecules and/or pathways have been proposed for targeted therapy in this setting, including surface antigens, tyrosine kinases, the NF-κB pathway, folate metabolism, histone modification and others. Of particular interest, histone deacetylase and proteasome inhibitors, as well as novel chemotherapeutic agents such as pralatrexate, have already demonstrated efficacy in PTCL therapy. In addition, a strong biological rationale and early clinical evidence supports the future study of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in this setting. In this article, the authors review the available literature on targeted therapy in PTCLs and also, based on their own experience, discuss potential opportunities in this intriguing area.
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Farahi N, Uller L, Juss JK, Langton AJ, Cowburn AS, Gibson A, Foster MR, Farrow SN, Marco-Casanova P, Sobolewski A, Condliffe AM, Chilvers ER. Effects of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor R-roscovitine on eosinophil survival and clearance. Clin Exp Allergy 2011; 41:673-87. [PMID: 21255143 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2010.03680.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophils are pro-inflammatory cells implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma and atopy. Apoptosis has been proposed as a potential mechanism underlying the resolution of eosinophilic inflammation and studies have indicated the ability of interventions that induce human eosinophil apoptosis to promote the resolution of eosinophilic inflammation. Recently, the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor R-roscovitine was shown to enhance neutrophil apoptosis and promote the resolution of neutrophilic inflammation. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the expression of CDKs in human blood eosinophils, the effects of R-roscovitine on eosinophil survival in vitro and whether R-roscovitine could influence eosinophilic lung inflammation in vivo. METHODS Eosinophils were isolated from human peripheral blood and the effects of R-roscovitine on apoptosis, degranulation and phagocytic uptake examined in vitro. The effects of R-roscovitine on eosinophilic lung inflammation in vivo were also assessed using an ovalbumin mouse model. RESULTS Our data demonstrate that human eosinophils express five known targets for R-roscovitine: CDK1, -2, -5, -7 and -9. R-roscovitine induced eosinophil apoptosis in a time- and concentration-dependent manner but also accelerated transition to secondary necrosis as assessed by microscopy, flow cytometry and caspase activation. In addition, we show that R-roscovitine can override the anti-apoptotic signals of GM-CSF and IL-5. We report that the pro-apoptotic effect of R-roscovitine is associated with suppression of Mcl-1L expression and that this compound enhanced phagocytic clearance of eosinophils by macrophages. Finally, we show that R-roscovitine induces apoptosis in murine peripheral blood and spleen-derived eosinophils; despite this, R-roscovitine did not modulate the tissue and lumen eosinophilia characteristic of the ovalbumin mouse model of airway eosinophilia. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE These data demonstrate that R-roscovitine is capable of inducing rapid apoptosis and secondary necrosis in eosinophils but does not affect the onset or improve the resolution of eosinophilic airway inflammation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Farahi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's and Papworth Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
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Younes A, Bartlett NL, Leonard JP, Kennedy DA, Lynch CM, Sievers EL, Forero-Torres A. Brentuximab vedotin (SGN-35) for relapsed CD30-positive lymphomas. N Engl J Med 2010; 363:1812-21. [PMID: 21047225 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1002965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 963] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hodgkin's lymphoma and anaplastic large-cell lymphoma are the two most common tumors expressing CD30. Previous attempts to target the CD30 antigen with monoclonal-based therapies have shown minimal activity. To enhance the antitumor activity of CD30-directed therapy, the antitubulin agent monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) was attached to a CD30-specific monoclonal antibody by an enzyme-cleavable linker, producing the antibody-drug conjugate brentuximab vedotin (SGN-35). METHODS In this phase 1, open-label, multicenter dose-escalation study, we administered brentuximab vedotin (at a dose of 0.1 to 3.6 mg per kilogram of body weight) every 3 weeks to 45 patients with relapsed or refractory CD30-positive hematologic cancers, primarily Hodgkin's lymphoma and anaplastic large-cell lymphoma. Patients had received a median of three previous chemotherapy regimens (range, one to seven), and 73% had undergone autologous stem-cell transplantation. RESULTS The maximum tolerated dose was 1.8 mg per kilogram, administered every 3 weeks. Objective responses, including 11 complete remissions, were observed in 17 patients. Of 12 patients who received the 1.8-mg-per-kilogram dose, 6 (50%) had an objective response. The median duration of response was at least 9.7 months. Tumor regression was observed in 36 of 42 patients who could be evaluated (86%). The most common adverse events were fatigue, pyrexia, diarrhea, nausea, neutropenia, and peripheral neuropathy. CONCLUSIONS Brentuximab vedotin induced durable objective responses and resulted in tumor regression for most patients with relapsed or refractory CD30-positive lymphomas in this phase 1 study. Treatment was associated primarily with grade 1 or 2 (mild-to-moderate) toxic effects. (Funded by Seattle Genetics; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00430846.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Younes
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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25
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Park YM, Bochner BS. Eosinophil survival and apoptosis in health and disease. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2010; 2:87-101. [PMID: 20358022 PMCID: PMC2846745 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2010.2.2.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophilia is common feature of many disorders, including allergic diseases. There are many factors that influence the production, migration, survival and death of the eosinophil. Apoptosis is the most common form of physiological cell death and a necessary process to maintain but limit cell numbers in humans and other species. It has been directly demonstrated that eosinophil apoptosis is delayed in allergic inflammatory sites, and that this mechanism contributes to the expansion of eosinophil numbers within tissues. Among the proteins known to influence hematopoiesis and survival, expression of the cytokine interleukin-5 appears to be uniquely important and specific for eosinophils. In contrast, eosinophil death can result from withdrawal of survival factors, but also by activation of pro-apoptotic pathways via death factors. Recent observations suggest a role for cell surface death receptors and mitochondria in facilitating eosinophil apoptosis, although the mechanisms that trigger each of these death pathways remain incompletely delineated. Ultimately, the control of eosinophil apoptosis may someday become another therapeutic strategy for treating allergic diseases and other eosinophil-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Mean Park
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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26
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Forero-Torres A, Leonard JP, Younes A, Rosenblatt JD, Brice P, Bartlett NL, Bosly A, Pinter-Brown L, Kennedy D, Sievers EL, Gopal AK. A Phase II study of SGN-30 (anti-CD30 mAb) in Hodgkin lymphoma or systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Br J Haematol 2009; 146:171-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2009.07740.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ho DS, Rea AJ, Abraham LJ. Functional aspects of the CD30 gene in Hodgkin’s lymphoma and anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Oncol Rev 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12156-009-0012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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28
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Baum CL, Stone MS, Liu V. Atypical intravascular CD30+ T-cell proliferation following trauma in a healthy 17-year-old male: first reported case of a potential diagnostic pitfall and literature review. J Cutan Pathol 2009; 36:350-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.2008.01033.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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29
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Soluble CD30 Measured After Lung Transplantation Does Not Predict Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome in a Tacrolimus/Mycophenolate Mofetil–based Immunosuppressive Regimen. J Heart Lung Transplant 2008; 27:1172-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2008.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2008] [Revised: 06/04/2008] [Accepted: 06/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Abstract
Oeosinophils are pleiotropic multi-functional leukocytes that are typically associated with the initiation and propagation of inflammatory responses, particularly helminth infection and allergic disease. However, expanding evidence supports a broader role for oeosinophils in homoeostatic function and organ development and modulation of local immune responses via interaction with other effector cells. In this review, the biology of oeosinophils in the healthy gut is summarised. In particular, the molecular steps involved in oeosinophil development and trafficking are described, with special attention to the important role of the transcription factor GATA-1, the oeosinophil-selective cytokine IL-5 and the eotaxin subfamily of chemokines. In addition, the regulation of oeosinophil survival by inhibitory and death receptors and the expanding role for oeosinophils in health and disease are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia C. Fulkerson
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati OH 45229,
| | - Marc E. Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati OH 45229,
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31
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Ackerman SJ, Bochner BS. Mechanisms of eosinophilia in the pathogenesis of hypereosinophilic disorders. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2007; 27:357-75. [PMID: 17868854 PMCID: PMC2064859 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2007.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The increased numbers of activated eosinophils in the blood and tissues that typically accompany hypereosinophilic disorders result from a variety of mechanisms. Exciting advances in translating discoveries achieved from mouse models and molecular strategies to the clinic have led to a flurry of new therapeutics specifically designed to target eosinophil-associated diseases. So far, this form of hypothesis testing in humans in vivo through pharmacology generally has supported the paradigms generated in vitro and in animal models, raising hopes that a spectrum of novel therapies soon may become available to help those who have eosinophil-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Ackerman
- Professor of Biochemistry, Molecular Genetics and Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Bruce S. Bochner
- Professor or Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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32
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Matsumoto K, Terakawa M, Fukuda S, Saito H. Rapid and strong induction of apoptosis in human eosinophils by anti-CD30 mAb-coated microspheres and phagocytosis by macrophages. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2007; 143 Suppl 1:60-7. [PMID: 17541279 DOI: 10.1159/000101407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophils represent a potential therapeutic target in allergic diseases. We previously reported that two clones of anti-CD30 mAbs (HRS-4 and Ber-H8) induced extremely rapid and intense apoptosis in human eosinophils in vitro, but only when the mAbs were immobilized on plates [Matsumoto K, J Immunol 2004;172:2186]. As the initial step towards clinical application of these anti-CD30 mAbs in the treatment of allergic diseases, we made an attempt to clarify two issues; first, whether or not anti-CD30 mAb-coated microspheres can efficiently induce apoptosis in human eosinophils, and second, whether or not these apoptotic eosinophils can be phagocytosed by macrophages without the release of granular proteins. METHODS Purified human eosinophils were treated with anti-CD30 mAb-coated polystyrene microspheres (diameter, 1.44 mum). Apoptosis was determined by annexin V-binding. For the phagocytosis assay, eosinophils were co-cultured with monocyte-derived human macrophages or PMA-pretreated U-937 cells. Phagocytosis was determined by light microscopy and by the eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) concentration in the supernatant. RESULTS Anti-CD30 mAb-coated, but not control IgG1-coated microspheres significantly reduced eosinophil survival in a dose-dependent manner. Marked phagocytosis of the apoptotic eosinophils by macrophages was also observed when the eosinophils were treated with anti-CD30 mAb-coated microspheres. The apoptotic eosinophils released large amounts of EDN in the absence of macrophages; however, the EDN levels were significantly decreased when the eosinophils were co-cultured with macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Anti-CD30 mAb-coated microspheres are capable of inducing rapid and strong apoptosis in human eosinophils. Furthermore, the apoptotic eosinophils were also phagocytosed by macrophages with minimal release of the granular proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Matsumoto
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
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Krysov SV, Rowley TF, Al-Shamkhani A. Inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase unmasks a CD30-triggered apoptotic pathway in anaplastic large cell lymphoma cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2007; 6:703-11. [PMID: 17308066 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-06-0544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CD30, a non-death domain-containing member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, triggers apoptosis in anaplastic large cell lymphoma cells. The CD30 signaling pathways that lead to the induction of apoptosis are poorly defined. Here, we show that the induction of apoptosis by CD30 requires concurrent inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, which itself is activated by engagement of CD30 with CD30 ligand. Treatment of anaplastic large cell lymphoma cells with CD30 ligand and pharmacologic inhibitors of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, but not with CD30 ligand or inhibitors alone, triggered the activation of caspase-8 and the induction of apoptosis. Caspase-8 activation occurred within a few hours (2.5-4 h) after receptor triggering, was unaffected by the neutralization of ligands for the death domain-containing receptors TNFR1, Fas, DR3, DR4, or DR5, but was abolished by the expression of a dominant-negative form of the adaptor protein FADD. Importantly, we show that expression of the caspase-8 inhibitor c-FLIP(S) is strongly induced by the CD30 ligand, and that this is dependent on the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Thus, we provide evidence that the induction of apoptosis by CD30 in anaplastic large cell lymphoma cells is normally circumvented by the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. These findings have implications for CD30-targeted immunotherapy of anaplastic large cell lymphoma.
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MESH Headings
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Blotting, Western
- CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein/metabolism
- Caspase 3/metabolism
- Caspase 8/metabolism
- Caspase Inhibitors
- Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Fas Ligand Protein/metabolism
- Fas-Associated Death Domain Protein/metabolism
- Humans
- Ki-1 Antigen/immunology
- Ki-1 Antigen/pharmacology
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/pathology
- Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 25/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Signal Transduction
- Transfection
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effects
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- fas Receptor/metabolism
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Krysov
- Tenovus Research Laboratory, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
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Hashida R, Ohkura N, Saito H, Tsujimoto G. The NR4A nuclear receptor family in eosinophils. J Hum Genet 2006; 52:13-20. [PMID: 17096060 DOI: 10.1007/s10038-006-0085-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2006] [Accepted: 10/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
It is well-known that many members of the family of nuclear receptors have been implicated in human diseases, and metabolic disorders in particular. The NR4A nuclear receptor family consists of three members, Nur77, Nurr1, and NOR1. All of these are orphan receptors, and Nur77 and NOR1 exert possible pathological roles in immune diseases through the modulation of leukocyte functions. CD30 stimulation, which induces eosinophil-specific apoptosis, markedly enhances expression of Nur77 and NOR1 in eosinophils. This suggests the possibility of pharmacological modulation of Nur77- or NOR1-specific apoptotic pathways via receptor-dependent transactivation. In this review, we discuss treatment of allergic diseases by low molecular weight compounds acting through the NR4A receptor family to cause eosinophil apoptosis. NR4A nuclear receptor genes were selected following comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed genes in eosinophils of atopic dermatitis patients compared with healthy volunteers.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Allergic Agents/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis
- DNA-Binding Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology
- Eosinophils/immunology
- Eosinophils/metabolism
- Humans
- Models, Biological
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Receptors, Steroid/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Steroid/genetics
- Receptors, Steroid/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Trans-Activators/antagonists & inhibitors
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/antagonists & inhibitors
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcriptional Activation
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naganari Ohkura
- National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Saito
- National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Gozoh Tsujimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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35
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Matsumoto K, Terakawa M, Fukuda S, Kato A, Toki S, Shinohara M, Wakiguchi H, Saito H. CpG oligodeoxynucleotide prolongs eosinophil survival through activation of contaminating B cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells in vitro. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2006; 140 Suppl 1:42-50. [PMID: 16772726 DOI: 10.1159/000092710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In our previous study, oligodeoxynucleotides containing unmethylated CpG motifs (CpG ODNs) significantly prolonged eosinophil survival without inducing active release of eosinophil-derived neurotoxin or interleukin 8. In addition, this survival-promoting activity was nuclear factor-kappaB dependent. However, some eosinophil preparations from different donors hardly responded to CpG ODNs at all. To clarify why CpG ODN-induced nuclear factor-kB activation in eosinophils does not cause eosinophil-derived neurotoxin or interleukin 8 release and why the survival-promoting activity of CpG ODNs was not found in some eosinophil preparations, we determined the effect of extensive removal of contaminating B cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells from human eosinophil preparations. METHODS Eosinophils were purified from the peripheral blood of healthy or slightly allergic donors by gradient sedimentation and negative selection with anti-CD16 alone or a combination of anti-CD16, anti-CD19 and anti-blood dendritic cell antigen 4 (BDCA4) immunomagnetic beads. Eosinophil survival was measured with FITC-conjugated annexin V and propidium iodide by FACS after incubation with synthetic CpG 2006(CpG-B), CpG 2216 (CpG-A) or their GpC control ODNs for 24 h. RESULTS The addition of anti-CD19 and anti-BDCA4 immunomagnetic beads reduced the number of contaminating CD19+ cells and CD123+ BDCA2+ cells in eosinophil preparations. CpG 2006 and CpG 2216, but not their GpC control ODNs, significantly prolonged survival of eosinophils purified with anti-CD16 immunomagnetic beads alone but not eosinophils purified with a combination of anti-CD16, anti-CD19 and anti-BDCA4 beads. CONCLUSIONS These results strongly suggest that contaminating B cells or plasmacytoid dendritic cells in eosinophil preparations critically regulate CpG ODN-mediated prolongation of eosinophil survival and that CpG ODNs do not activate eosinophils directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Matsumoto
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
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36
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Watanabe M, Sasaki M, Itoh K, Higashihara M, Umezawa K, Kadin ME, Abraham LJ, Watanabe T, Horie R. JunB Induced by Constitutive CD30–Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Activates the CD30 Promoter in Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma and Reed-Sternberg Cells of Hodgkin Lymphoma. Cancer Res 2005; 65:7628-34. [PMID: 16140928 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-0925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High expression of CD30 and JunB is characteristic of tumor cells in anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Possible interactions of CD30 and JunB were examined in this study. We found that the CD30 promoter in tumor cells of both nucleophosmin (NPM)-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive and NPM-ALK-negative ALCL and HL is regulated by a constitutively active CD30-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 MAPK was confirmed in nuclei of tumor cells in both ALCL and HL. CD30-ERK1/2 MAPK signals induce JunB expression, which maintains high activity of the CD30 promoter. JunB induction seems to be largely independent of nuclear factor kappaB in ALCL and HL. These results show a common mechanism of CD30 overexpression in ALCL and HL, although the outcome of CD30 signaling differs between NPM-ALK-positive ALCL and NPM-ALK-negative ALCL, cutaneous ALCL, and HL as we recently reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Watanabe
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
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Abstract
Several members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family function after initial T cell activation to sustain T cell responses. This review focuses on CD27, 4-1BB (CD137), OX40 (CD134), HVEM, CD30, and GITR, all of which can have costimulatory effects on T cells. The effects of these costimulatory TNFR family members can often be functionally, temporally, or spatially segregated from those of CD28 and from each other. The sequential and transient regulation of T cell activation/survival signals by different costimulators may function to allow longevity of the response while maintaining tight control of T cell survival. Depending on the disease condition, stimulation via costimulatory TNF family members can exacerbate or ameliorate disease. Despite these complexities, stimulation or blockade of TNFR family costimulators shows promise for several therapeutic applications, including cancer, infectious disease, transplantation, and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania H Watts
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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38
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Kagaya S, Hashida R, Ohkura N, Tsukada T, Sugita Y, Terakawa M, Tsujimoto G, Katsunuma T, Akasawa A, Matsumoto K, Saito H. NR4A orphan nuclear receptor family in peripheral blood eosinophils from patients with atopic dermatitis and apoptotic eosinophils in vitro. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2005; 137 Suppl 1:35-44. [PMID: 15947483 DOI: 10.1159/000085430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify novel genes related to the clinical signs of atopic dermatitis (AD), differentially expressed genes were sought in peripheral blood eosinophils from both AD patients and healthy volunteers. RNA was prepared from eosinophils, expression of various genes was monitored using the Affymetrix GeneChip, and expression was quantified by real-time RT-PCR. Two genes, Nur77 and NOR1, members of NR4A orphan nuclear receptor family, were expressed at a significantly higher level in AD patients than in healthy volunteers. Expression of another gene in the NR4A receptor family, Nurr1, was also higher in AD patients than in healthy volunteers. When peripheral blood leukocytes from healthy volunteers were fractionated, NOR1 expression was highest in eosinophils, but expression of Nur77 and Nurr1 genes was not eosinophil-specific. Extremely intense apoptosis was induced in both eosinophils and an eosinophil cell line, AML14.3D10, by treatment with antibody (Ab) to both CD30 and Fas. Rapid expression of the genes for the NR4A receptor family was observed with anti-CD30 Ab treatment but not with anti-Fas Ab. The NR4A orphan nuclear receptor family gene expression and the subsequent eosinophil apoptosis were downregulated by the MAPK inhibitor, U0126. These results suggest that the expression of the NR4A receptor family genes through CD30 signaling may regulate eosinophil apoptosis in allergic conditions such as AD.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Apoptosis/immunology
- Butadienes/pharmacology
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- DNA-Binding Proteins/blood
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/immunology
- Dermatitis, Atopic/blood
- Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology
- Dermatitis, Atopic/pathology
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Eosinophils/immunology
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Infant
- Ki-1 Antigen/immunology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Nitriles/pharmacology
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- RNA/chemistry
- RNA/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/blood
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/immunology
- Receptors, Steroid/blood
- Receptors, Steroid/genetics
- Receptors, Steroid/immunology
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Transcription Factors/blood
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/immunology
- fas Receptor/immunology
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39
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Pellegrini P, Totaro R, Contasta I, Berghella AM, Carolei A, Adorno D. CD30 antigen and multiple sclerosis: CD30, an important costimulatory molecule and marker of a regulatory subpopulation of dendritic cells, is involved in the maintenance of the physiological balance between TH1/TH2 immune responses and tolerance. The role of IFNbeta-1a in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Neuroimmunomodulation 2005; 12:220-34. [PMID: 15990453 DOI: 10.1159/000085654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2004] [Accepted: 12/01/2004] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The immunological effect of CD30 on dendritic cells (DCs) was examined in a comparative study of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). The patients were divided into two groups on the basis of interferon (IFN)beta-1a treatment: IFNbeta-1a-treated patients and untreated patients. We have already shown that CD30 is a marker of cells involved in the regulation of the balance between TH1 and TH2 immune responses and so the aim of this study was to confirm this role in DCs and, consequently, to clarify the immunopathological mechanisms of MS and the causes of immunosuppressive drug failure. METHODS We studied network interactions between soluble (s) CD30 and TH1/TH2 cytokines in the supernatants of CD14+-derived immature DC (IDC) and DC cultures from treated and untreated patients. Network interactions between the sCD30 and cytokines in IDC and DC supernatants were also evaluated in relation to TH1/TH2 cytokine serum levels. RESULTS Our overall results show that CD30 is expressed on IDCs and DCs, indicating an immunological role in resting and activated physiological conditions. This role would appear to be the regulation of the resting and activated physiological balance between the TH1/TH2 immune functions as abnormal increases in sCD30 levels result in impaired regulation. Further studies are undoubtedly required to clarify this situation. IFNbeta-1a treatment was found to determine a fall in sCD30 levels, leading to the restoration of the normal functional selection of IDCs from progenitor cells and the regulation of the TH1/TH2 network balance. However, IFNbeta-1a treatment may also be responsible for the in vivo suppression of CD30-mediated TH1-DC functions in immune activation. TH1-DC functions are involved in the induction of T-regulatory cells for the physiological deletion of self-aggressive cells. CONCLUSION We conclude that CD30 is an important costimulatory molecule and marker of a regulatory subpopulation of DCs which induces and modulates immune cells involved in the maintenance of the physiological balance between TH1/TH2 immune responses and tolerance. Elucidating the mechanisms restoring DC and T-regulatory cell function could lead to more effective therapy and strategies for the prevention and treatment of immunopathological conditions such as autoimmunity, transplant rejection, allergy and tumors.
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40
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Berro AI, Perry GA, Agrawal DK. Increased expression and activation of CD30 induce apoptosis in human blood eosinophils. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 173:2174-83. [PMID: 15265955 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.3.2174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophils are one of the major effector cells in asthma, and controlling the number and survival of eosinophils might attenuate the severity of asthma. This result could be achieved by inducing eosinophil apoptosis. Apoptosis allows the removal of cells without inducing an inflammatory response. Our knowledge of the factors involved in regulating eosinophil apoptosis remains limited. CD30 molecule has been associated with T cell-negative selection and in TCR-mediated apoptosis. In this study we examined the expression and role of CD30 in apoptosis of human blood eosinophils. Percentage of apoptotic eosinophils was determined by annexin V-propidium iodide labeling, and CD30 expression was examined by flow cytometry. Spontaneous apoptosis was induced by serum deprivation, and survival was conferred by incubating cells with 10% FBS and IL-5. CD30 surface expression was up-regulated in eosinophils incubated for 24 h as compared with freshly isolated eosinophils, and both CD30 expression and eosinophil apoptosis increased in a time-dependent manner. We also measured CD30 mRNA expression by quantitative real-time RT-PCR and determined that CD30 transcripts increased in eosinophils undergoing apoptosis only under serum deprivation conditions. The agonistic CD30 Abs, Ber-H8 and HeFi-1, significantly enhanced eosinophil apoptosis. FBS and IL-5 failed to inhibit or suppress the CD30 agonistic-induced apoptosis. These data support the role of CD30 activation in eosinophil apoptosis. This research will help in furthering our understanding of eosinophil apoptosis and therefore might contribute to the development of better therapeutic modalities in the treatment and/or cure of allergic inflammation in bronchial asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdo I Berro
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
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