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Collignon A, Silvy F, Robert S, Trad M, Germain S, Nigri J, André F, Rigot V, Tomasini R, Bonnotte B, Lombardo D, Mas E, Beraud E. Dendritic cell-based vaccination: powerful resources of immature dendritic cells against pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1504727. [PMID: 30524902 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1504727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) has a poor prognosis. One treatment approach, investigated here, is to reinforce antitumor immunity. Dendritic cells (DCs) are essential for the development and regulation of adaptive host immune responses against tumors. A major role for DCs may be as innate tumoricidal effector cells. We explored the efficacy of vaccination with immature (i)DCs, after selecting optimal conditions for generating immunostimulatory iDCs. We used two models, C57BL/6Jrj mice with ectopic tumors induced by the PAC cell line, Panc02, and genetically engineered (KIC) mice developing PAC. Therapeutic iDC-vaccination resulted in a significant reduction in tumor growth in C57BL/6Jrj mice and prolonged survival in KIC mice. Prophylactic iDC-vaccination prevented subcutaneous tumor development. These protective effects were long-lasting in Panc02-induced tumor development, but not in melanoma. iDC-vaccination impacted the immune status of the hosts by greatly increasing the percentage of CD8+ T-cells, and natural killer (NK)1.1+ cells, that express granzyme B associated with Lamp-1 and IFN-γ. Efficacy of iDC-vaccination was CD8+ T-cell-dependent but NK1.1+ cell-independent. We demonstrated the ability of DCs to produce peroxynitrites and to kill tumor cells; this killing activity involved peroxynitrites. Altogether, these findings make killer DCs the pivotal actors in the beneficial clinical outcome that accompanies antitumor immune responses. We asked whether efficacy can be improved by combining DC-vaccination with the FOLFIRINOX regimen. Combined treatment significantly increased the lifespan of KIC mice with PAC. Prolonged treatment with FOLFIRINOX clearly augmented this beneficial effect. Combining iDC-vaccination with FOLFIRINOX may therefore represent a promising therapeutic option for patients with PAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Collignon
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France
| | - Françoise Silvy
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France
| | | | - Malika Trad
- CHU Dijon-Bocage, Médecine interne et Immunologie Clinique, Dijon, France
| | - Sébastien Germain
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France
| | - Jérémy Nigri
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Cancer Research Center of Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Frédéric André
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France
| | - Véronique Rigot
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France
| | - Richard Tomasini
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Cancer Research Center of Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Bonnotte
- CHU Dijon-Bocage, Médecine interne et Immunologie Clinique, Dijon, France
| | - Dominique Lombardo
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Mas
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France
| | - Evelyne Beraud
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France
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2
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Collignon A, Perles-Barbacaru AT, Robert S, Silvy F, Martinez E, Crenon I, Germain S, Garcia S, Viola A, Lombardo D, Mas E, Béraud E. A pancreatic tumor-specific biomarker characterized in humans and mice as an immunogenic onco-glycoprotein is efficient in dendritic cell vaccination. Oncotarget 2016; 6:23462-79. [PMID: 26405163 PMCID: PMC4695130 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncofetal fucose-rich glycovariants of the pathological bile salt-dependent lipase (pBSDL) appear during human pancreatic oncogenesis and are detected by themonoclonal antibody J28 (mAbJ28). We aimed to identify murine counterparts onpancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells and tissue and investigate the potential of dendritic cells (DC) loaded with this unique pancreatic tumor antigen to promote immunotherapy in preclinical trials. Pathological BSDLs purified from pancreatic juices of patients with PDAC were cleaved to generate glycosylated C-terminal moieties (C-ter) containing mAbJ28-reactive glycoepitopes. Immunoreactivity of the murine PDAC line Panc02 and tumor tissue to mAbJ28 was detected by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. C-ter-J28+ immunization promoted Th1-dominated immune responses. In vitro C-ter-J28+-loaded DCskewed CD3+ T-cells toward Th1 polarization. C-ter-J28+-DC-vaccinations selectively enhanced cell immunoreactivity to Panc02, as demonstrated by CD4+- and CD8+-T-cell activation, increased percentages of CD4+- and CD8+-T-cells and NK1.1+ cells expressing granzyme B, and T-cell cytotoxicity. Prophylactic and therapeutic C-ter-J28+-DC-vaccinations reduced ectopic Panc02-tumor growth, provided long-lasting protection from Panc02-tumor development in 100% of micebut not from melanoma, and attenuated progression of orthotopic tumors as revealed by MRI. Thusmurine DC loaded with pancreatic tumor-specific glycoepitope C-ter-J28+ induce efficient anticancer adaptive immunity and represent a potential adjuvant therapy for patients afflicted with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Collignon
- Aix-Marseille Université, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France.,Inserm, UMR_S 911, Marseille, France
| | - Adriana Teodora Perles-Barbacaru
- Aix-Marseille UniversiteÌ, CNRS, CRMBM, Centre de ReÌsonance MagneÌtique Biologique et MeÌdicale, UMR 7339, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Robert
- Aix-Marseille Université, VRCM, Vascular Research Center of Marseilles, Marseille, France.,Inserm, UMR_S_1076, Marseille, France
| | - Françoise Silvy
- Aix-Marseille Université, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France.,Inserm, UMR_S 911, Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Martinez
- Aix-Marseille Université, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle Crenon
- Aix-Marseille Université, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France
| | - Sébastien Germain
- Aix-Marseille Université, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France.,Inserm, UMR_S 911, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Garcia
- APHM, Hôpital Nord, Laboratoire d'Anatomie-Pathologie, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Angèle Viola
- Aix-Marseille UniversiteÌ, CNRS, CRMBM, Centre de ReÌsonance MagneÌtique Biologique et MeÌdicale, UMR 7339, Marseille, France
| | - Dominique Lombardo
- Aix-Marseille Université, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France.,Inserm, UMR_S 911, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Mas
- Aix-Marseille Université, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France.,Inserm, UMR_S 911, Marseille, France
| | - Evelyne Béraud
- Aix-Marseille Université, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France.,Inserm, UMR_S 911, Marseille, France
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3
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Lion E, Smits ELJM, Berneman ZN, Van Tendeloo VFI. NK cells: key to success of DC-based cancer vaccines? Oncologist 2012; 17:1256-70. [PMID: 22907975 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2011-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytotoxic and regulatory antitumor functions of natural killer (NK) cells have become attractive targets for immunotherapy. Manipulation of specific NK cell functions and their reciprocal interactions with dendritic cells (DCs) might hold therapeutic promise. In this review, we focus on the engagement of NK cells in DC-based cancer vaccination strategies, providing a comprehensive overview of current in vivo experimental and clinical DC vaccination studies encompassing the monitoring of NK cells. From these studies, it is clear that NK cells play a key regulatory role in the generation of DC-induced antitumor immunity, favoring the concept that targeting both innate and adaptive immune mechanisms may synergistically promote clinical outcome. However, to date, DC vaccination trials are only infrequently accompanied by NK cell monitoring. Here, we discuss different strategies to improve DC vaccine preparations via exploitation of NK cells and provide a summary of relevant NK cell parameters for immune monitoring. We underscore that the design of DC-based cancer vaccines should include the evaluation of their NK cell stimulating potency both in the preclinical phase and in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Lion
- Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (Vaxinfectio), Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, TIGR, University of Antwerp (UA), Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Wilrijkstraat 10, B-2650 Antwerp, Belgium.
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4
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Quatromoni JG, Wang Y, Vo DD, Morris LF, Jazirehi AR, McBride W, Chatila T, Koya RC, Economou JS. T cell receptor (TCR)-transgenic CD8 lymphocytes rendered insensitive to transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling mediate superior tumor regression in an animal model of adoptive cell therapy. J Transl Med 2012; 10:127. [PMID: 22713761 PMCID: PMC3507675 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor antigen-reactive T cells must enter into an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, continue to produce cytokine and deliver apoptotic death signals to affect tumor regression. Many tumors produce transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), which inhibits T cell activation, proliferation and cytotoxicity. In a murine model of adoptive cell therapy, we demonstrate that transgenic Pmel-1 CD8 T cells, rendered insensitive to TGFβ by transduction with a TGFβ dominant negative receptor II (DN), were more effective in mediating regression of established B16 melanoma. Smaller numbers of DN Pmel-1 T cells effectively mediated tumor regression and retained the ability to produce interferon-γ in the tumor microenvironment. These results support efforts to incorporate this DN receptor in clinical trials of adoptive cell therapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon G Quatromoni
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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5
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Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy aims to establish immune-mediated control of tumor growth by priming T-cell responses to target tumor-associated antigens. Three signals are required for T-cell activation: (i) presentation of cognate antigen in self MHC molecules; (ii) costimulation by membrane-bound receptor-ligand pairs; and (iii) soluble factors to direct polarization of the ensuing immune response. The ability of dendritic cells (DCs) to provide all three signals required for T-cell activation makes them an ideal cancer vaccine platform. Several strategies have been developed to enhance and control antigen presentation, costimulation, and cytokine production. In this review, we discuss progress toward developing DC-based cancer vaccines by genetic modification using RNA, DNA, and recombinant viruses. Furthermore, the ability of DC-based vaccines to activate natural killer (NK) and B-cells, and the impact of gene modification strategies on these populations is described. Clinical trials using gene-modified DCs have shown modest results, therefore, further considerations for DC manipulation to enhance their clinical efficacy are also discussed.
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6
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Vo DD, Prins RM, Begley JL, Donahue TR, Morris LF, Bruhn KW, de la Rocha P, Yang MY, Mok S, Garban HJ, Craft N, Economou JS, Marincola FM, Wang E, Ribas A. Enhanced antitumor activity induced by adoptive T-cell transfer and adjunctive use of the histone deacetylase inhibitor LAQ824. Cancer Res 2009; 69:8693-9. [PMID: 19861533 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-1456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumors grow in the presence of antigen-specific T cells, suggesting the existence of intrinsic cancer cell escape mechanisms. We hypothesized that a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor could sensitize tumor cells to immunotherapy because this class of agents has been reported to increase tumor antigen expression and shift gene expression to a proapoptotic milieu in cancer cells. To test this question, we treated B16 murine melanoma with the combination of the HDAC inhibitor LAQ824 and the adoptive transfer of gp100 melanoma antigen-specific pmel-1 T cells. The combined therapy significantly improved antitumor activity through several mechanisms: (a) increase in MHC and tumor-associated antigen expression by tumor cells; (b) decrease in competing endogenous lymphocytes in recipient mice, resulting in a proliferative advantage for the adoptively transferred cells; and (c) improvement in the functional activity of the adoptively transferred lymphocytes. We confirmed the beneficial effects of this HDAC inhibitor as a sensitizer to immunotherapy in a different model of prophylactic prime-boost vaccination with the melanoma antigen tyrosinase-related protein 2, which also showed a significant improvement in antitumor activity against B16 melanoma. In conclusion, the HDAC inhibitor LAQ824 significantly enhances tumor immunotherapy through effects on target tumor cells as well as improving the antitumor activity of tumor antigen-specific lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan D Vo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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7
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Adenovirus MART-1-engineered autologous dendritic cell vaccine for metastatic melanoma. J Immunother 2008; 31:294-309. [PMID: 18317358 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0b013e31816a8910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We performed a phase 1/2 trial testing the safety, toxicity, and immune response of a vaccine consisting of autologous dendritic cells (DCs) transduced with a replication-defective adenovirus (AdV) encoding the full-length melanoma antigen MART-1/Melan-A (MART-1). This vaccine was designed to activate MART-1-specific CD+8 and CD4+ T cells. Metastatic melanoma patients received 3 injections of 10(6) or 10(7) DCs, delivered intradermally. Cell surface phenotype and cytokine production of the DCs used for the vaccines were tested, and indicated intermediate maturity. CD8+ T-cell responses to MART-1 27-35 were assessed by both major histocompatibility complex class I tetramer and interferon (IFN)-gamma enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) before, during, and after each vaccine and CD4+ T-cell responses to MART-1 51-73 were followed by IFN-gamma ELISPOT. We also measured antigen response breadth. Determinant spreading from the immunizing antigen MART-1 to other melanoma antigens [gp100, tyrosinase, human melanoma antigen-A3 (MAGE-A3)] was assessed by IFN-gamma ELISPOT. Twenty-three patients were enrolled and 14 patients received all 3 scheduled DC vaccines. Significant CD8+ and/or CD4+ MART-1-specific T-cell responses were observed in 6/11 and 2/4 patients evaluated, respectively, indicating that the E1-deleted adenovirus encoding the cDNA for MART-1/Melan-A (AdVMART1)/DC vaccine activated both helper and killer T cells in vivo. Responses in CD8+ and CD4+ T cells to additional antigens were noted in 2 patients. The AdVMART1-transduced DC vaccine was safe and immunogenic in patients with metastatic melanoma.
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8
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Campbell AE, Cavanaugh VJ, Slater JS. The salivary glands as a privileged site of cytomegalovirus immune evasion and persistence. Med Microbiol Immunol 2008; 197:205-213. [PMID: 18259775 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-008-0077-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The salivary glands (SG) provide a haven for persistent cytomegalovirus replication, and in this regard are a privileged site of virus immune evasion. The murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) model has provided insight into the immunological environment of the SG and the unqiue virus-host relationship of this organ. In response to MCMV infection, a robust T cell-mediated immune response is elicited, comprised predominantly of CD8+ T cells that phenotypically and functionally appear activated. However, they fail to clear virus by an unknown evasion mechanism that is independent of inhibitory NKG2A- or Programmed Death 1-mediated signaling. Virus is eventually eliminated from the SG by effector CD4+ T cells expressing antiviral cytokines. However, this mechanism is severely dampened by high levels of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10, selectively expressed by SG CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann E Campbell
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 700 W. Olney Road, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA.
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9
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Liu C, Yu S, Kappes J, Wang J, Grizzle WE, Zinn KR, Zhang HG. Expansion of spleen myeloid suppressor cells represses NK cell cytotoxicity in tumor-bearing host. Blood 2007; 109:4336-42. [PMID: 17244679 PMCID: PMC1885503 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-09-046201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor growth promotes the expansion of myeloid suppressor cells. An inverse correlation between natural killer (NK) cell activation and myeloid suppressor cell (MSC) expansion in tumor-bearing patients and mice prompted us to investigate the role of MSCs in controlling NK antitumor cytotocixity. After adoptive transfer to naive recipients, CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) MSCs freshly isolated from spleens of tumor-bearing mice but not naive mice were able to inhibit NK cell cytotoxicity. An in vivo imaging analysis indicates that the removal of tumors resulted in a significant increased ability (P < .05) in NK cell cytotoxicity to eliminate injected YAC-1 cells from the lungs. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis of the composition of lung leukocytes further indicates that the removal of tumors also leads to the reduction of MSCs accumulated in the lung. These data suggest that MSCs suppress NK cell cytotoxicity. The inhibition of NK cell cytotoxicity is cell-cell contact dependent. Inhibition of perforin but not granzyme B production was responsible for MSC-mediated inhibition of NK cytotoxicity. Western blot analyses further suggests that MSCs suppress IL-2-mediated NK cell cytotoxicity by affecting the activity of Stat5.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/immunology
- Animals
- CD11b Antigen/metabolism
- Cell Adhesion/immunology
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Female
- Interleukin-2/pharmacology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Perforin
- Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins/metabolism
- Receptors, Chemokine/metabolism
- STAT5 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunren Liu
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0007, USA
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10
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Charalambous A, Oks M, Nchinda G, Yamazaki S, Steinman RM. Dendritic cell targeting of survivin protein in a xenogeneic form elicits strong CD4+ T cell immunity to mouse survivin. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 177:8410-21. [PMID: 17142738 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.12.8410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether strong CD4+ T cell immunity could be induced to a nonmutated self protein that is important for tumorigenesis, we selectively targeted the xenogeneic form of survivin, a survival protein overexpressed in tumors, to maturing dendritic cells in lymphoid tissues. Dendritic cell targeting via the DEC205 receptor in the presence of anti-CD40 and poly(I:C) as maturation stimuli, induced strong human and mouse survivin-specific CD4+ T cell responses, as determined by IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-2 production, as well as the development of lytic MHC class II-restricted T cells and memory. Immunity was enhanced further by depletion of CD25+foxp3+ cells before vaccination. anti-DEC205-human survivin was superior in inducing CD4+ T cell responses relative to other approaches involving survivin plasmid DNA or survivin peptides with adjuvants. However, we were unable to induce CD8+ T cell immunity to survivin by two doses of DEC205-targeted survivin or the other strategies. Therefore, significant CD4+ T cell immunity to a self protein that is overexpressed in most human cancers can be induced by DEC205 targeting of the Ag in its xenogeneic form to maturing DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Charalambous
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, Chris Browne Center for Immunology and Immune Diseases, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
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11
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Prins RM, Vo DD, Khan-Farooqi H, Yang MY, Soto H, Economou JS, Liau LM, Ribas A. NK and CD4 Cells Collaborate to Protect against Melanoma Tumor Formation in the Brain. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 177:8448-55. [PMID: 17142742 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.12.8448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
NK cells represent a potent immune effector cell type that have the ability to recognize and lyse tumors. However, the existence and function of NK cells in the traditionally "immune-privileged" CNS is controversial. Furthermore, the cellular interactions involved in NK cell anti-CNS tumor immunity are even less well understood. We administered non-Ag-loaded, immature dendritic cells (DC) to CD8alpha knockout (KO) mice and studied their anti-CNS tumor immune responses. DC administration induced dramatic antitumor immune protection in CD8alpha KO mice that were challenged with B16 melanoma both s.c. and in the brain. The CNS antitumor immunity was dependent on both CD4+ T cells and NK cells. Administration of non-Ag-loaded, immature DC resulted in significant CD4+ T cell and NK cell expansion in the draining lymph nodes at 6 days postvaccination, which persisted for 2 wk. Finally, DC administration in CD8alpha KO mice was associated with robust infiltration of CD4+ T cells and NK cells into the brain tumor parenchyma. These results represent the first demonstration of a potent innate antitumor immune response against CNS tumors in the absence of toxicity. Thus, non-Ag-loaded, immature DC administration, in the setting of CD8 genetically deficient mice, can induce dramatic antitumor immune responses within the CNS that surpass the effects observed in wild-type mice. Our results suggest that a better understanding of the cross-talk between DC and innate immune cells may provide improved methods to vaccinate patients with tumors located both systemically and within the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Prins
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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12
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Ribas A, Vo DD, Weeks DL, Comin-Anduix B, Schumacher LY, Garban HJ, McLean C, Yang J, Dissette VB, Peraza P, Owens SK, McBride WH, Glaspy JA, Economou JS. Broad antitumor protection by dendritic cells administered to CD8alpha knock out mice. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2006; 55:663-71. [PMID: 16133107 PMCID: PMC11030267 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-005-0065-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2005] [Accepted: 07/11/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) administration to CD8alpha knock-out (CD8alphaKO) mice results in a strong antigen-non-specific protection to a B16 murine melanoma tumor challenge. This response is mediated by lytic NK cells and cytokine-producing CD4 cells. We aimed to determine the signals that guide tumor targeting of this response. CD8alphaKO mice in the C57BL/6 background received subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of immature DC. Mice were challenged in vivo or assayed for lytic activity in vitro to a panel of syngeneic tumors with different levels of MHC class I expression. These studies support the following conclusions: (1) DC administration to CD8alphaKO mice results in protective in vivo responses to syngeneic tumors from epithelial, neuroectodermal and hematopoietic origin; in vivo protection is independent of the level of MHC classes I and II expression. (2) The in vitro lytic activity of DC-activated NK cells from CD8alphaKO mice has sensitive and insensitive targets, which is independent of the cell lineage or the level of inhibitory self-MHC surface molecules. (3) In sensitive targets a putative activating NK ligand in DC-stimulated NK cells from CD8alphaKO mice signals directly to PI3-K, but is distinct from NKG2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Ribas
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA.
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13
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Schumacher LY, Vo DD, Garban HJ, Comin-Anduix B, Owens SK, Dissette VB, Glaspy JA, McBride WH, Bonavida B, Economou JS, Ribas A. Immunosensitization of Tumor Cells to Dendritic Cell-Activated Immune Responses with the Proteasome Inhibitor Bortezomib (PS-341, Velcade). THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 176:4757-65. [PMID: 16585569 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.8.4757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Proteasome inhibition results in proapoptotic changes in cancer cells, which may make them more sensitive to immune effector cells. We established a murine model to test whether the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib could sensitize established B16 melanoma tumors to dendritic cell (DC)-activated immune effector cells. Day 3-established s.c. B16 tumors had significantly decreased tumor outgrowth when treated with a combination of bortezomib and DC, regardless of whether the DC were loaded or not with a tumor Ag. In vivo Ab-depletion studies demonstrated that the effector cells were NK and CD8+ cells, but not CD4+ cells. NF-kappaB nuclear transcription factor assay and gene-expression profiling of B16 treated with bortezomib was consistent with inhibition of NF-kappaB target genes leading to a proapoptotic phenotype. In vitro lytic assays demonstrated that TNF-alpha, but not perforin, Fas-ligand, or TRAIL, was responsible for bortezomib-sensitized B16 cytotoxicity. In conclusion, the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib can pharmacologically sensitize tumor cells to the lytic effects of DC-activated immune effector cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Y Schumacher
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, USA
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Sharma S, Zhu L, Yang SC, Zhang L, Lin J, Hillinger S, Gardner B, Reckamp K, Strieter RM, Huang M, Batra RK, Dubinett SM. Cyclooxygenase 2 inhibition promotes IFN-gamma-dependent enhancement of antitumor responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 175:813-9. [PMID: 16002678 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.2.813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In previous studies, we demonstrated an immune suppressive network in non-small cell lung cancer that is due to overexpression of tumor cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). In this study, we assessed the vaccination response to tumor challenge following either pharmacological or genetic inhibition of COX-2 in a murine lung cancer model. Treatment of naive mice with the COX-2 inhibitor, SC-58236, skewed splenocytes toward a type 1 cytokine response, inducing IFN-gamma, IL-12, and IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10, whereas the type 2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 remained unaltered. Fifty percent of mice receiving SC-58236 and an irradiated tumor cell vaccine completely rejected tumors upon challenge. Those mice that did form tumors following challenge demonstrated a reduced tumor growth. In contrast, all mice either vaccinated with irradiated tumor cells alone or receiving SC-58236 alone showed progressive tumor growth. Studies performed in CD4 and CD8 knockout mice revealed a requirement for the CD4 T lymphocyte subset for the complete rejection of tumors. To determine the role of host COX-2 expression on the vaccination responses, studies were performed in COX-2 gene knockout mice. Compared with control littermates, COX-2(-/-) mice showed a significant tumor growth reduction, whereas heterozygous COX-2(-/+) mice had an intermediate tumor growth reduction following vaccination. In vivo depletion of IFN-gamma abrogated the COX-2 inhibitor-mediated enhancement of the vaccination effect. These findings provide a strong rationale for additional evaluation of the capacity of COX-2 inhibitors to enhance vaccination responses against cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/antagonists & inhibitors
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/physiology
- Animals
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/enzymology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/enzymology
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/immunology
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/prevention & control
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclooxygenase 2
- Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors
- Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Female
- Immune Sera/administration & dosage
- Interferon-gamma/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/physiology
- Melanoma, Experimental/enzymology
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/prevention & control
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/deficiency
- Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/genetics
- Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/metabolism
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Spleen/enzymology
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/metabolism
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherven Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Lung Cancer Research Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, 10833 LeConte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1690, USA
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15
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Eguchi J, Hiroishi K, Ishii S, Baba T, Matsumura T, Hiraide A, Okada H, Imawari M. Interleukin-4 gene transduced tumor cells promote a potent tumor-specific Th1-type response in cooperation with interferon-alpha transduction. Gene Ther 2005; 12:733-41. [PMID: 15772692 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To investigate antitumor mechanisms in interleukin (IL)-4 therapy, we established an IL-4-overexpressing MC38 murine colorectal cancer cell line (MC38-IL4). As a therapy against established tumors, MC38-IL4 cells were inoculated contralaterally 7 days after wild-type (MC38-WT) cells had been injected, significantly reducing growth of wild-type tumors (P=0.030). Immunohistochemical analysis showed numerous granulocytes infiltrating wild-type tumors of MC38-IL4-inoculated mice. Injection of MC38-IL4 cells in leukocyte-depleted mice confirmed that granulocytes were involved in IL-4-related primary antitumor effects. Inoculation of MC38-WT in leukocyte-depleted mice initially injected with MC38-IL4 suggested that T cells contributed to the antitumor effects. To investigate tumor-specific responses, we stimulated splenocytes of MC38-immune mice with MC38-IL4 cells in vitro, resulting in MC38-specific lysis (57.5+/-7.2%, effector to target ratio=20). Treatment of established wild-type tumors with MC38-IL4 in combination with interferon (IFN)-alpha-overexpressing MC38 cells (MC38-IFNalpha) significantly reduced the growth of wild-type tumors (P=0.009). In vitro IFN-gamma production by splenocytes from mice injected with both MC38-IL4 and -IFNalpha was greatly enhanced in comparison with MC38-IL4 alone, while IL-10 production was not increased. Thus, granulocytes concern early antitumor effects of IL-4 therapy. Subsequently, IL-4 induces long-lasting, tumor-specific immune responses. IL-4 appears to promote a T-helper 1-type antitumor immune response, which is enhanced in cooperation with IFN-alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Eguchi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Nikitina EY, Desai SA, Zhao X, Song W, Luo AZ, Gangula RD, Slawin KM, Spencer DM. Versatile Prostate Cancer Treatment with Inducible Caspase and Interleukin-12. Cancer Res 2005; 65:4309-19. [PMID: 15899823 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-3119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To establish optimized conditions for immunity against prostate cancer, we compared the efficacy of multiple approaches in autochthonous and s.c. transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP)-based models. Mice immunized with interleukin (IL)-12-containing apoptotic, but not necrotic TRAMP-C2 cell-based, vaccines were resistant to TRAMP-C2 tumor challenge and re-challenge, independently of the route of vaccination (s.c. or i.p.). Administration of gamma-irradiated TRAMP-C2 cells preinfected with adenovirus containing both B7-1 and IL-12 genes, unlike adenovirus containing B7-1 alone, considerably protected C57BL/6 mice from TRAMP-C2 tumor growth and extended the life span of TRAMP mice. Vaccines that included dendritic cells, instead of IL-12, were equally efficient. Whereas injections of ligand-inducible caspase-1- and IL-12-containing adenoviruses cured small s.c. TRAMP-C2 tumors, nanopump-regulated delivery of viruses led to elimination of much larger tumors. The antitumor immune responses involved CD4+-, CD8+-, and natural killer cells and were strengthened by increasing the number of vaccinations. Intraprostatic administration of inducible caspase-1- and IL-12-containing adenoviruses resulted in local cell death and improved survival of adenocarcinoma-bearing TRAMP mice. Thus, tumor cell apoptosis induced by caspase in situ and accompanied by IL-12 is efficient against prostate cancer in a preclinical model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Yu Nikitina
- Department of Immunology and Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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17
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Hegmans JPJJ, Hemmes A, Aerts JG, Hoogsteden HC, Lambrecht BN. Immunotherapy of Murine Malignant Mesothelioma Using Tumor Lysate–pulsed Dendritic Cells. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 171:1168-77. [PMID: 15764728 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200501-057oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Exploiting the immunostimulatory capacities of dendritic cells holds great promise for cancer immunotherapy. Currently, dendritic cell-based immunotherapy is evaluated clinically in a number of malignancies, including melanoma and urogenital and lung cancer, showing variable but promising results. OBJECTIVE To evaluate if pulsed dendritic cells induce protective immunity against malignant mesothelioma in a mouse model. METHODS Malignant mesothelioma was induced in mice by intraperitoneal injection of the AB1 mesothelioma cell line, leading to death within 28 days. For immunotherapy, dendritic cells were pulsed overnight either with AB1 tumor cell line lysate, AB1-derived exosomes, or ex vivo AB1 tumor lysate, and injected either before (Days -14 and -7) at the day of (Day 0) or after (Days +1 and +8) tumor implantation. MAIN RESULTS Mice receiving tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cells before tumor implantation demonstrated protective antitumor immunity with prolonged survival (> 3 months) and even resisted secondary tumor challenge. Tumor protection was associated with strong tumor-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses. Adoptive transfer of splenocytes or purified CD8+ T lymphocytes transferred tumor protection to unimmunized mice in vivo. When given after tumor implantation in a therapeutic setting, pulsed dendritic cells prevented mesothelioma outgrowth. With higher tumor load and delayed administration after tumor implantation, dendritic cells were no longer effective. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate in this murine model that immunotherapy using pulsed dendritic cells may emerge as a powerful tool to control mesothelioma outgrowth. In the future, immunotherapy using dendritic cells could be used as adjuvant to control local recurrence after multimodality treatment for malignant mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost P J J Hegmans
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, H-Ee2253a, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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