1
|
Watts D, Janßen M, Jaykar M, Palmucci F, Weigelt M, Petzold C, Hommel A, Sparwasser T, Bonifacio E, Kretschmer K. Transient Depletion of Foxp3 + Regulatory T Cells Selectively Promotes Aggressive β Cell Autoimmunity in Genetically Susceptible DEREG Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:720133. [PMID: 34447385 PMCID: PMC8382961 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.720133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) represents a hallmark of the fatal multiorgan autoimmune syndrome affecting humans with abrogated Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cell function due to Foxp3 gene mutations, but whether the loss of Foxp3+ Treg cell activity is indeed sufficient to promote β cell autoimmunity requires further scrutiny. As opposed to human Treg cell deficiency, β cell autoimmunity has not been observed in non-autoimmune-prone mice with constitutive Foxp3 deficiency or after diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR)-mediated ablation of Foxp3+ Treg cells. In the spontaneous nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of T1D, constitutive Foxp3 deficiency did not result in invasive insulitis and hyperglycemia, and previous studies on Foxp3+ Treg cell ablation focused on Foxp3DTR NOD mice, in which expression of a transgenic BDC2.5 T cell receptor (TCR) restricted the CD4+ TCR repertoire to a single diabetogenic specificity. Here we revisited the effect of acute Foxp3+ Treg cell ablation on β cell autoimmunity in NOD mice in the context of a polyclonal TCR repertoire. For this, we took advantage of the well-established DTR/GFP transgene of DEREG mice, which allows for specific ablation of Foxp3+ Treg cells without promoting catastrophic autoimmune diseases. We show that the transient loss of Foxp3+ Treg cells in prediabetic NOD.DEREG mice is sufficient to precipitate severe insulitis and persistent hyperglycemia within 5 days after DT administration. Importantly, DT-treated NOD.DEREG mice preserved many clinical features of spontaneous diabetes progression in the NOD model, including a prominent role of diabetogenic CD8+ T cells in terminal β cell destruction. Despite the severity of destructive β cell autoimmunity, anti-CD3 mAb therapy of DT-treated mice interfered with the progression to overt diabetes, indicating that the novel NOD.DEREG model can be exploited for preclinical studies on T1D under experimental conditions of synchronized, advanced β cell autoimmunity. Overall, our studies highlight the continuous requirement of Foxp3+ Treg cell activity for the control of genetically pre-installed autoimmune diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Watts
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology/Immune Regulation, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marthe Janßen
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology/Immune Regulation, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mangesh Jaykar
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology/Immune Regulation, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Francesco Palmucci
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology/Immune Regulation, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marc Weigelt
- Regenerative Therapies for Diabetes, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Cathleen Petzold
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology/Immune Regulation, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Angela Hommel
- Regenerative Therapies for Diabetes, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tim Sparwasser
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE/Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hanover, Germany
| | - Ezio Bonifacio
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany.,Regenerative Therapies for Diabetes, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karsten Kretschmer
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology/Immune Regulation, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sun L, Xi S, He G, Li Z, Gang X, Sun C, Guo W, Wang G. Two to Tango: Dialogue between Adaptive and Innate Immunity in Type 1 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:4106518. [PMID: 32802890 PMCID: PMC7415089 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4106518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a long-term and chronic autoimmune disorder, in which the immune system attacks the pancreatic β-cells. Both adaptive and innate immune systems are involved in T1DM development. Both B-cells and T-cells, including CD4 + and CD8 + T-cells, as well as other T-cell subsets, could affect onset of autoimmunity. Furthermore, cells involved in innate immunity, including the macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer (NK) cells, could also accelerate or decelerate T1DM development. In this review, the crosstalk and function of immune cells in the pathogenesis of T1DM, as well as the corresponding therapeutic interventions, are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin, China
| | - Shugang Xi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin, China
| | - Guangyu He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin, China
| | - Xiaokun Gang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin, China
| | - Chenglin Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin, China
| | - Weiying Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin, China
| | - Guixia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nishioka Y, Masuda S, Tomaru U, Ishizu A. CD1d-Restricted Type II NKT Cells Reactive With Endogenous Hydrophobic Peptides. Front Immunol 2018; 9:548. [PMID: 29599785 PMCID: PMC5862807 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NKT cells belong to a distinct subset of T cells that recognize hydrophobic antigens presented by major histocompatibility complex class I-like molecules, such as CD1d. Because NKT cells stimulated by antigens can activate or suppress other immunocompetent cells through an immediate production of a large amount of cytokines, they are regarded as immunological modulators. CD1d-restricted NKT cells are classified into two subsets, namely, type I and type II. CD1d-restricted type I NKT cells express invariant T cell receptors (TCRs) and react with lipid antigens, including the marine sponge-derived glycolipid α-galactosylceramide. On the contrary, CD1d-restricted type II NKT cells recognize a wide variety of antigens, including glycolipids, phospholipids, and hydrophobic peptides, by their diverse TCRs. In this review, we focus particularly on CD1d-restricted type II NKT cells that recognize endogenous hydrophobic peptides presented by CD1d. Previous studies have demonstrated that CD1d-restricted type I NKT cells usually act as pro-inflammatory cells but sometimes behave as anti-inflammatory cells. It has been also demonstrated that CD1d-restricted type II NKT cells play opposite roles to CD1d-restricted type I NKT cells; thus, they function as anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory cells depending on the situation. In line with this, CD1d-restricted type II NKT cells that recognize type II collagen peptide have been demonstrated to act as anti-inflammatory cells in diverse inflammation-induction models in mice, whereas pro-inflammatory CD1d-restricted type II NKT cells reactive with sterol carrier protein 2 peptide have been demonstrated to be involved in the development of small vessel vasculitis in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Nishioka
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sakiko Masuda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Utano Tomaru
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ishizu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Soldevila B, Alonso N, Martínez-Arconada MJ, Granada ML, Boada A, Vallejos V, Fraile M, Fernández-Sanmartín MA, Pujol-Borrell R, Puig-Domingo M, Sanmartí A, Martínez-Cáceres EM. Regulatory T cells and other lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with melanoma developing interferon-induced thyroiditis during high-dose interferon-α2b treatment. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2013; 78:621-8. [PMID: 22957689 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 06/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT One of the side effects of interferon-alpha therapy is interferon-induced thyroiditis (IIT). The role of lymphocyte subpopulations in IIT melanoma patients remains to be defined. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to assess different peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations, mainly regulatory T cells (Tregs), in melanoma patients who developed IIT. DESIGN, PATIENTS AND METHODS From 30 melanoma patients receiving high-dose interferon (HDI)-alpha 2b (IFN-α2b) treatment, those who developed IIT (IIT patients) were selected and compared with patients who did not develop IIT (Co-MM) and healthy controls (Co-H). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained before treatment (BT), mid-treatment (MT), end of treatment (ET), 24 weeks post-treatment and at appearance of IIT (TT). RESULTS Nine patients developed IIT (30%): four Hashimoto's thyroiditis and five destructive thyroiditis. An increase in Tregs was observed in both melanoma groups during HDI treatment. A decrease in CD3(+) , NKT lymphocyte subpopulations and Bcl2 expression on B cells was also observed in both groups. However, no changes were observed in the percentage of CD4(+) , CD8(+) , CD3(+) γδ(+) , CD19(+) , transitional B cells (CD24(high) CD38(high) CD19(+) CD27(-) ), natural killer (NK), invariant NKT (iNKT) lymphocytes and Th1/Th2 balance when BT was compared with ET. At TT, IIT patients had a higher Tregs percentage than Co-MM (P = 0·012) and Co-H (P = 0·004), a higher iNKT percentage than Co-MM (P = 0·011), a higher transitional B cells percentage than Co-H (P = 0·015), a lower CD3(+) percentage than Co-H (P = 0·001) and a lower Bcl2 expression on B cells than Co-H (P < 0·001). CONCLUSIONS Our results point to the immunomodulatory effects of IFN-α on different lymphocyte subpopulations and a possible role of Tregs in melanoma patients who developed IIT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berta Soldevila
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Novak J, Novakova L. Prevention and treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus by the manipulation of invariant natural killer T cells. Clin Exp Med 2012; 13:229-37. [PMID: 22825586 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-012-0199-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are CD1d-restricted T cells with regulatory functions. iNKT cells are numerically and functionally deficient in experimental models of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Moreover, various experimental strategies correcting the defect of or stimulating iNKT cells prevent T1DM. Here, we review the data on the role of iNKT cells in the development of T1DM and discuss indications, obstacles and prospects of the use of iNKT cell manipulations in the prevention and treatment of human T1DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Novak
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Ruska 87, 100 00, Prague 10, Czech Republic,
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang Q, Xiao HP, Cui HY, Sugawara I. Significant increase in natural-killer T cells in patients with tuberculosis complicated by type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Int Med Res 2011; 39:105-11. [PMID: 21672313 DOI: 10.1177/147323001103900113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the frequency of Vα24(+)/Vβ11(+) natural-killer T (NKT) cells from peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients with or without diabetes mellitus (DM). The clinical grade of TB was significantly higher among diabetic patients. NKT cells from both peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage were significantly increased in diabetic TB patients compared with non-diabetic TB patients. This may be due to the generally higher bacillary burden in diabetic TB patients. NKT cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells in TB patients with or without DM were significantly increased, compared with levels in non-TB diabetic patients and healthy controls. The measurement of NKT cells from peripheral blood has the potential to be a reliable, non-invasive, practical diagnostic marker for active TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Q Zhang
- Department of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Subleski JJ, Jiang Q, Weiss JM, Wiltrout RH. The split personality of NKT cells in malignancy, autoimmune and allergic disorders. Immunotherapy 2011; 3:1167-84. [PMID: 21995570 PMCID: PMC3230042 DOI: 10.2217/imt.11.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
NKT cells are a heterogeneous subset of specialized, self-reactive T cells, with innate and adaptive immune properties, which allow them to bridge innate and adaptive immunity and profoundly influence autoimmune and malignant disease outcomes. NKT cells mediate these activities through their ability to rapidly express pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines that influence the type and magnitude of the immune response. Not only do NKT cells regulate the functions of other cell types, but experimental evidence has found NKT cell subsets can modulate the functions of other NKT subsets. Depending on underlying mechanisms, NKT cells can inhibit or exacerbate autoimmunity and malignancy, making them potential targets for disease intervention. NKT cells can respond to foreign and endogenous antigenic glycolipid signals that are expressed during pathogenic invasion or ongoing inflammation, respectively, allowing them to rapidly react to and influence a broad array of diseases. In this article we review the unique development and activation pathways of NKT cells and focus on how these attributes augment or exacerbate autoimmune disorders and malignancy. We also examine the growing evidence that NKT cells are involved in liver inflammatory conditions that can contribute to the development of malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff J Subleski
- Laboratory of Experimental, Immunology, Cancer & Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Qun Jiang
- Laboratory of Experimental, Immunology, Cancer & Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jonathan M Weiss
- Laboratory of Experimental, Immunology, Cancer & Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Robert H Wiltrout
- Laboratory of Experimental, Immunology, Cancer & Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lee IF, van den Elzen P, Tan R, Priatel JJ. NKT cells are required for complete Freund's adjuvant-mediated protection from autoimmune diabetes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:2898-904. [PMID: 21844383 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice can be prevented by application of Ags derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the form of bacillus Calmette-Guérin or CFA. Disease protection by CFA is associated with a reduction in the numbers of pathogenic β-cell specific, self-reactive CTLs, a phenomenon dependent on the presence and function of NK cells. However, the mechanisms by which NK cells are activated and recruited by heat-killed M. tuberculosis within CFA are unclear. In this study, we report that CFA-mediated NK cell activation and mobilization is dependent on CD1d expression. The administration of M. tuberculosis from CFA results in rapid NKT cell activation and IFN-γ secretion both in vitro and in vivo. CFA-induced NKT cell activation is intact in MyD88(-/-) mice suggesting that the mechanism is independent of TLR signaling. Furthermore, CD1d expression was found to be essential for both M. tuberculosis-triggered NKT cell activation and CFA-mediated protection of NOD mice from diabetes. Collectively, these findings reveal hitherto previously unidentified roles for NKT cells in the adjuvant-promoting effects of CFA on innate and adaptive immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I-Fang Lee
- Child & Family Research Institute, Immunity in Health and Disease, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sharma RB, Fan X, Caturegli P, Rose NR, Burek CL. Invariant NKT Cell Lines Derived from the NOD·H2 Mouse Enhance Autoimmune Thyroiditis. J Thyroid Res 2011; 2011:895923. [PMID: 21603172 PMCID: PMC3095906 DOI: 10.4061/2011/895923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the role of invariant Natural Killer T cell ( iNKT) cells in autoimmune thyroiditis, we derived two iNKT cell lines from the spleens of NOD·
H2h4 mice, a strain that develops spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis exacerbated by excess dietary iodine. The two lines were CD1d-restricted and expressed CD4+, DX5+, and the Vα4Jα281 gene segment, of the T-cell receptor α locus. Upon stimulation with α-galactosyl-ceramide (α-GalCer), both lines rapidly produced IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ, IL-10, and TNF-α. Strikingly, a similar cytokine response was also induced by thyroglobulin, one of the most abundant protein in the thyroid gland and a major autoantigen in human autoimmune thyroiditis. Transfer of the iNKT cell lines to syngeneic hosts enhanced autoimmune thyroiditis. Intraperitoneal injections of α-GalCer in iodine primed mice also induced thyroid disease. This paper reports for the first time that iNKT cells respond to thyroglobulin and enhance autoimmune thyroiditis in iodine fed NOD·H2h4 mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajni B Sharma
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Johns Hopkins University, Ross Research Building, 648, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Novak J, Lehuen A. Mechanism of regulation of autoimmunity by iNKT cells. Cytokine 2010; 53:263-70. [PMID: 21185200 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2010] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
iNKT cells, CD1d dependent natural killer T cells are a unique population of T cells. The capacity of iNKT cells to produce regulatory cytokines first provided an indication of their regulatory potential. Later on, in experimental models as well as in patients afflicted with an auto-immune disease, such as Type 1 diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus along with others, a deficit in iNKT cell number was observed, suggesting the role these cells may possibly have in the prevention of auto-immune diseases. More importantly, experimental strategies which focused on increasing the volume or stimulation of iNKT cells in laboratory animals, demonstrated an improved level of protection against the development of auto-immune diseases. This article reviews the mechanism of protection against autoimmunity by iNKT cells, discusses the obstacles against and indications for the potential use of iNKT cell manipulation in the treatment of human auto-immune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Novak
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Centre of Research for Diabetes, Endocrinological Diseases and Clinical Nutrition, Czech Republic.
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Duncan B, Nazarov–Stoica C, Surls J, Kehl M, Bona C, Casares S, Brumeanu TD. Double negative (CD3+ 4- 8-) TCR alphabeta splenic cells from young NOD mice provide long-lasting protection against type 1 diabetes. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11427. [PMID: 20625402 PMCID: PMC2896421 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Double negative CD3(+)4(-)8(-) TCR alphabeta splenic cells (DNCD3) can suppress the immune responses to allo and xenografts, infectious agents, tumors, and some autoimmune disorders. However, little is known about their role in autoimmune diabetes, a disease characterized by the reduction of insulin production subsequent to destruction of pancreatic beta-cells by a polyclonal population of self-reactive T-cells. Herein, we analyzed the function and phenotype of DNCD3 splenic cells in young NOD mice predisposed to several autoimmune disorders among which, the human-like autoimmune diabetes. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS DNCD3 splenic cells from young NOD mice (1) provided long-lasting protection against diabetes transfer in NOD/Scid immunodeficient mice, (2) proliferated and differentiated in the spleen and pancreas of NOD/Scid mice and pre-diabetic NOD mice into IL-10-secreting T(R)-1 like cells in a Th2-like environment, and (3) their anti-diabetogenic phenotype is CD3(+)(CD4(-)CD8(-))CD28(+)CD69(+)CD25(low) Foxp3(-) iCTLA-4(-)TCR alphabeta(+) with a predominant Vbeta13 gene usage. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These findings delineate a new T regulatory component in autoimmune diabetes apart from that of NKT and CD4(+)CD25(high) Foxp3(+)T-regulatory cells. DNCD3 splenic cells could be potentially manipulated towards the development of autologous cell therapies in autoimmune diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beverly Duncan
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Cristina Nazarov–Stoica
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline Surls
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Margaret Kehl
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Constantin Bona
- Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sofia Casares
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Teodor-D. Brumeanu
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Varthaman A, Khallou-Laschet J, Clement M, Fornasa G, Kim HJ, Gaston AT, Dussiot M, Caligiuri G, Herbelin A, Kaveri S, Cantor H, Nicoletti A. Control of T cell reactivation by regulatory Qa-1-restricted CD8+ T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:6585-91. [PMID: 20488793 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Administration of attenuated pathogenic T cell clones, a procedure known as T cell vaccination, induces CD8+ T cells specific for peptides derived from the Vbeta-chain of the TCR presented by the MHC class Ib molecule, Qa-1 expressed on the vaccine cells. These regulatory CD8+ T cells have the capacity to control the activation of endogenous T cells expressing the same TCR Vbeta-chain as the vaccinating cells. We hypothesized that vaccination with NKT cells could also induce Qa-1-restricted CD8+ T cells that would control NKT cell activation. We tested this hypothesis in a murine model of Con A-induced hepatitis that is induced by NKT cells. Vaccination with NKT cells effectively induced protective Qa-1-restricted CD8+ T cells that prevented hepatitis. Surprisingly, upon vaccination with T cells expressing Vbeta-chains irrelevant to NKT cells, we discovered that the specificity of vaccine-induced Qa-1-restricted CD8+ T cells was not limited to the Vbeta-chain of the vaccinating cells. We further show that these regulatory Qa-1-restricted CD8+ T cells arise spontaneously upon polyclonal activation of T cells in the absence of deliberate T cell vaccination. These experiments provide new insight into a CD8+ T cell compartment that regulates the immediate reactivation of conventional T cells and NKT cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Varthaman
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U698, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
La Torre D, Lernmark A. Immunology of beta-cell destruction. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 654:537-83. [PMID: 20217514 DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-3271-3_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The pancreatic islet beta-cells are the target for an autoimmune process that eventually results in an inability to control blood glucose due to the lack of insulin. The different steps that eventually lead to the complete loss of the beta-cells are reviewed to include the very first step of a triggering event that initiates the development of beta-cell autoimmunity to the last step of appearance of islet-cell autoantibodies, which may mark that insulitis is about to form. The observations that the initial beta-cell destruction by virus or other environmental factors triggers islet autoimmunity not in the islets but in the draining pancreatic lymph nodes are reviewed along with possible basic mechanisms of loss of tolerance to islet autoantigens. Once islet autoimmunity is established the question is how beta-cells are progressively killed by autoreactive lymphocytes which eventually results in chronic insulitis. Many of these series of events have been dissected in spontaneously diabetic mice or rats, but controlled clinical trials have shown that rodent observations are not always translated into mechanisms in humans. Attempts are therefore needed to clarify the step 1 triggering mechanisms and the step to chronic autoimmune insulitis to develop evidence-based treatment approaches to prevent type 1 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daria La Torre
- Lund University, CRC, Department of Clinical Sciences, University Hospital MAS, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gelderblom M, Leypoldt F, Steinbach K, Behrens D, Choe CU, Siler DA, Arumugam TV, Orthey E, Gerloff C, Tolosa E, Magnus T. Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Cerebral Immune Cell Accumulation in Stroke. Stroke 2009; 40:1849-57. [PMID: 19265055 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.108.534503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 771] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Gelderblom
- From the Department of Neurology (M.G., F.L., D.B., C.-U.C., D.A.S., E.O., C.G., T.M.), University Medical Center Hamburg–Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Institute of Neuroimmunology and Clinical Multiple Sclerosis Research (K.S., E.T.), Hamburg, Germany; and the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (T.V.A.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, Tex
| | - Frank Leypoldt
- From the Department of Neurology (M.G., F.L., D.B., C.-U.C., D.A.S., E.O., C.G., T.M.), University Medical Center Hamburg–Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Institute of Neuroimmunology and Clinical Multiple Sclerosis Research (K.S., E.T.), Hamburg, Germany; and the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (T.V.A.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, Tex
| | - Karin Steinbach
- From the Department of Neurology (M.G., F.L., D.B., C.-U.C., D.A.S., E.O., C.G., T.M.), University Medical Center Hamburg–Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Institute of Neuroimmunology and Clinical Multiple Sclerosis Research (K.S., E.T.), Hamburg, Germany; and the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (T.V.A.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, Tex
| | - Doerthe Behrens
- From the Department of Neurology (M.G., F.L., D.B., C.-U.C., D.A.S., E.O., C.G., T.M.), University Medical Center Hamburg–Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Institute of Neuroimmunology and Clinical Multiple Sclerosis Research (K.S., E.T.), Hamburg, Germany; and the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (T.V.A.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, Tex
| | - Chi-Un Choe
- From the Department of Neurology (M.G., F.L., D.B., C.-U.C., D.A.S., E.O., C.G., T.M.), University Medical Center Hamburg–Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Institute of Neuroimmunology and Clinical Multiple Sclerosis Research (K.S., E.T.), Hamburg, Germany; and the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (T.V.A.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, Tex
| | - Dominic A. Siler
- From the Department of Neurology (M.G., F.L., D.B., C.-U.C., D.A.S., E.O., C.G., T.M.), University Medical Center Hamburg–Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Institute of Neuroimmunology and Clinical Multiple Sclerosis Research (K.S., E.T.), Hamburg, Germany; and the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (T.V.A.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, Tex
| | - Thiruma V. Arumugam
- From the Department of Neurology (M.G., F.L., D.B., C.-U.C., D.A.S., E.O., C.G., T.M.), University Medical Center Hamburg–Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Institute of Neuroimmunology and Clinical Multiple Sclerosis Research (K.S., E.T.), Hamburg, Germany; and the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (T.V.A.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, Tex
| | - Ellen Orthey
- From the Department of Neurology (M.G., F.L., D.B., C.-U.C., D.A.S., E.O., C.G., T.M.), University Medical Center Hamburg–Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Institute of Neuroimmunology and Clinical Multiple Sclerosis Research (K.S., E.T.), Hamburg, Germany; and the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (T.V.A.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, Tex
| | - Christian Gerloff
- From the Department of Neurology (M.G., F.L., D.B., C.-U.C., D.A.S., E.O., C.G., T.M.), University Medical Center Hamburg–Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Institute of Neuroimmunology and Clinical Multiple Sclerosis Research (K.S., E.T.), Hamburg, Germany; and the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (T.V.A.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, Tex
| | - Eva Tolosa
- From the Department of Neurology (M.G., F.L., D.B., C.-U.C., D.A.S., E.O., C.G., T.M.), University Medical Center Hamburg–Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Institute of Neuroimmunology and Clinical Multiple Sclerosis Research (K.S., E.T.), Hamburg, Germany; and the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (T.V.A.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, Tex
| | - Tim Magnus
- From the Department of Neurology (M.G., F.L., D.B., C.-U.C., D.A.S., E.O., C.G., T.M.), University Medical Center Hamburg–Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Institute of Neuroimmunology and Clinical Multiple Sclerosis Research (K.S., E.T.), Hamburg, Germany; and the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (T.V.A.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, Tex
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hong C, Lee H, Park YK, Shin J, Jung S, Kim H, Hong S, Park SH. Regulation of secondary antigen-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses by natural killer T cells. Cancer Res 2009; 69:4301-8. [PMID: 19401453 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-1721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The physiologic function of natural killer T (NKT) cells in adaptive immunity remains largely unknown because most studies have used NKT cell agonists. In the present study, the role of NKT cells during the secondary effector phase was investigated separately from the primary immunization phase via adoptive transfer of differentiated effector T cells into naive recipients. We found that secondary antitumor CD8(+) T-cell responses were optimal when NKT cells were present. Tumor-specific CD8(+) effector T cells responded less strongly to tumor cell challenge in NKT cell-deficient recipients than in recipients with intact NKT cells. NKT cell-mediated enhancement of the secondary antitumor CD8(+) T-cell response was concurrent with increased number and activity of tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells. These findings provide the first demonstration of a direct role for NKT cells in the regulation of antigen-specific secondary T-cell responses without the use of exogenous NKT cell agonists such as alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer). Furthermore, forced activation of NKT cells with alpha-GalCer during the secondary immune response in suboptimally immunized animals enhanced otherwise poor tumor rejection responses. Taken together, our findings strongly emphasize the importance of NKT cells in secondary CD8(+) T-cell immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changwan Hong
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sungbukku Anamdong, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Alves C, Diniz AB, Souza MB, Ponte EV, Araújo MI. [Controversies in the association between type 1 diabetes and asthma]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 51:930-7. [PMID: 17934659 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302007000600006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2006] [Accepted: 03/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Critical review of the literature to investigate the relationship between asthma and type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1). SOURCE OF DATA Bibliography search in MEDLINE and LILACS databases in the last twenty years. SUMMARY OF DATA Several studies demonstrate an inverse relationship between asthma, atopic diseases and the risk to develop DM1. According to the "Hygiene Hypothesis", the risk of allergic diseases decreases with infections early in childhood, towards distance of Th2 profile, common at birth, to the Th1 phenotype. Other articles described lack of association or positive association between DM1 and allergies. There is a possibility of environmental factors interfering in the development of disorders mediated by Th1 and Th2 cells, in the same individual, due to the absence of immunomodulatory mechanisms mediated by interleukin-10 and regulatory cells. CONCLUSION The existing information about the inverse association between Th1-mediated diseases (e.g., DM1), and those that are Th2-mediated (e.g., allergies) are conflicting requiring more investigation to explain this question.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Crésio Alves
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Van YH, Lee WH, Ortiz S, Lee MH, Qin HJ, Liu CP. All-trans retinoic acid inhibits type 1 diabetes by T regulatory (Treg)-dependent suppression of interferon-gamma-producing T-cells without affecting Th17 cells. Diabetes 2009; 58:146-55. [PMID: 18984738 PMCID: PMC2606864 DOI: 10.2337/db08-1154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a potent derivative of vitamin A, can regulate immune responses. However, its role in inducing immune tolerance associated with the prevention of islet inflammation and inhibition of type 1 diabetes remains unclear. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We investigated the mechanisms underlying the potential immunoregulatory effect of ATRA on type 1 diabetes using an adoptive transfer animal model of the disease. RESULTS Our data demonstrated that ATRA treatment inhibited diabetes in NOD mice with established insulitis. In addition, it suppressed interferon (IFN)-gamma-producing CD4(+) and CD8(+) T effector (Teff) cells and expanded T regulatory (Treg) cells in recipient mice transferred with diabetic NOD splenocytes, without affecting either interleukin (IL)-17--or IL-4-producing cells. Consistent with these results, ATRA reduced T-bet and STAT4 expression in T-cells and decreased islet-infiltrating CD8(+) T-cells, suppressing their activation and IFN-gamma/granzyme B expression. Depletion of CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cells impaired the inhibitory effect of ATRA on islet-infiltrating T-cells and blocked its protective effect on diabetes. Therefore, ATRA treatment induced Treg cell-dependent immune tolerance by suppressing both CD4(+) and CD8(+) Teff cells while promoting Treg cell expansion. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that ATRA treatment promoted in vivo expansion of Treg cells and induced Treg cell-dependent immune tolerance by suppressing IFN-gamma-producing T-cells, without affecting Th17 cells. Our study also provides novel insights into how ATRA induces immune tolerance in vivo via its effects on Teff and Treg cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Hau Van
- Division of Immunology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Role of the Cytokine Profiles Produced by Invariant Natural Killer T Cells in the Initial Phase of Cyclophosphamide-Induced Tolerance. Transplantation 2008; 86:1301-10. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e318187265e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
19
|
|
20
|
Wu L, Van Kaer L. Role of NKT cells in the digestive system. II. NKT cells and diabetes. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2007; 293:G919-22. [PMID: 17600041 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00242.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a subset of regulatory T lymphocytes that recognize glycolipid antigens presented by the major histocompatibility complex class I-related glycoprotein CD1d. NKT cells have been implicated in regulating the progression of Type 1 diabetes (T1D) in human patients and in an animal model for T1D. In addition, glycolipid agonists of NKT cells have been successful in preventing diabetes in mice, raising enthusiasm for the development of NKT cell-based therapies for T1D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yamamura T, Sakuishi K, Illés Z, Miyake S. Understanding the behavior of invariant NKT cells in autoimmune diseases. J Neuroimmunol 2007; 191:8-15. [PMID: 17905445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2007.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2007] [Accepted: 09/07/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells are a unique subset of lymphocytes that recognize glycolipid antigens presented by a monomorphic glycoprotein CD1d. Numerous works have shown that iNKT cells may serve as regulatory cells in autoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS). However, recent studies have revealed that the presence of iNKT cells accelerates some inflammatory conditions, implying that their protective role against autoimmunity is not predetermined. Here we review recent information concerning the mechanism of how iNKT cells intervene or promote autoimmune inflammation. Although iNKT cells are thought to be specific for a limited set of glycolipids, they may cross-react to self and non-self ligands. Regarding the response to non-self, it is now known that iNKT cells produce enormous amounts of proinflammatory cytokines during the course of infectious diseases, which is triggered by TCR ligation by microbial lipids, cytokines produced from APCs or both. Whereas the strongly activated iNKT cells play a beneficial role in combating environmental pathogens, they could play a deleterious role in autoimmunity by producing disease-promoting cytokines. However, iNKT cells in the steady state would retain an ability to produce anti-inflammatory cytokines, which is needed for terminating the ongoing inflammation. Though an initial trigger for their regulatory responses remains elusive, our recent work indicates that iNKT cells may start regulating inflammation after sensing the presence of IL-2 in addition to recognizing a ubiquitous endogenous ligand. Understanding of how iNKT cells regulate autoimmunity should lead to a more sophisticated strategy for controlling autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yamamura
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Recognized more than a decade ago, NKT cells differentiate from mainstream thymic precursors through instructive signals emanating during TCR engagement by CD1d-expressing cortical thymocytes. Their semi-invariant alphabeta TCRs recognize isoglobotrihexosylceramide, a mammalian glycosphingolipid, as well as microbial alpha-glycuronylceramides found in the cell wall of Gram-negative, lipopolysaccharide-negative bacteria. This dual recognition of self and microbial ligands underlies innate-like antimicrobial functions mediated by CD40L induction and massive Th1 and Th2 cytokine and chemokine release. Through reciprocal activation of NKT cells and dendritic cells, synthetic NKT ligands constitute promising new vaccine adjuvants. NKT cells also regulate a range of immunopathological conditions, but the mechanisms and the ligands involved remain unknown. NKT cell biology has emerged as a new field of research at the frontier between innate and adaptive immunity, providing a powerful model to study fundamental aspects of the cell and structural biology of glycolipid trafficking, processing, and recognition.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation/immunology
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Antigens, CD1/immunology
- Antigens, CD1d
- Autoantigens/immunology
- Bacterial Vaccines/immunology
- Bacterial Vaccines/pharmacology
- CD40 Ligand/immunology
- Chemokines/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Globosides/immunology
- Glucosylceramides/immunology
- Gram-Negative Bacteria/immunology
- Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Models, Immunological
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Trihexosylceramides/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Bendelac
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Committee on Immunology, Department of Pathology University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Novak J, Griseri T, Beaudoin L, Lehuen A. Regulation of type 1 diabetes by NKT cells. Int Rev Immunol 2007; 26:49-72. [PMID: 17454264 DOI: 10.1080/08830180601070229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease due to the destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. Natural Killer T (NKT) cells are a T-cell subset that links the innate and adaptive immune systems. NKT cells play a key regulatory role in type 1 diabetes. The absence of NKT cells correlates with exacerbation of type 1 diabetes, whereas an increased frequency and/or activation of NKT cells prevents beta-cell autoimmunity. Various mechanisms are involved in the protective effect of NKT cells. The goal is now to translate knowledge gained from mouse models into human therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Novak
- INSERM U561, Université René Descartes, Hôpital Cochin/Saint Vincent de Paul. Paris. France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
CDld-restricted invariant natural killer T (NKT) cells emerge as unique lymphocyte subsets implicated in the regulation of autoimmunity. Abnormalities in the numbers and functions of NKT cells have been observed in patients with diverse autoimmune diseases as well as in animal models of autoimmune diseases. NKT cells recognize glycolipid antigens presented by the nonpolymorphic MHC class I-like protein CD1d and participate in various kinds of immunoregulation due to a potent ability to produce a variety of cytokines. In this review, we examine the potential roles of NKT cells in the regulation and pathogenesis of autoimmune disease and the recent advances in glycolipid therapy for autoimmune disease models.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arthritis, Experimental/immunology
- Arthritis, Experimental/physiopathology
- Autoimmune Diseases/immunology
- Autoimmune Diseases/physiopathology
- Autoimmunity
- Colitis/immunology
- Colitis/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/physiopathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/physiopathology
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/physiopathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Miyake
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, 187-8502 Tokyo, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hwang SJ, Kim S, Park WS, Chung DH. IL-4-Secreting NKT Cells Prevent Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis by Suppressing IFN-γ-Producing Neutrophils. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 177:5258-68. [PMID: 17015711 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.8.5258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is mediated by Th1 immune response. NKT cells regulate immune responses by modulating the Th1/Th2 balance. Therefore, we postulated that NKT cells play a critical role in the development of the HP by modulating the Th1/Th2 response. To address this issue, we explored the functional roles of NKT cells in Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula (SR)-induced HP. In CD1d(-/-) mice, the HP was worse in terms of histological changes, hydroxyproline levels, the CD4:CD8 ratio in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and SR-specific immune responses than in control mice. CD1d(-/-) mice showed elevated IFN-gamma production in the lung during the HP, and this was produced mainly by Gr-1+ neutrophils. The blockade of IFN-gamma in CD1d(-/-) mice attenuated the HP, whereas the injection of rIFN-gamma aggravated it. Moreover, the depletion of Gr-1+ neutrophils reduced CD8+ T cell numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid during the HP. The adoptive transfer of IL-4(-/-) mouse NKT cells did not attenuate the HP, whereas wild-type or IFN-gamma(-/-) mouse NKT cells suppressed the HP. In conclusion, NKT cells producing IL-4 play a protective role in SR-induced HP by suppressing IFN-gamma-producing neutrophils, which induce the activation and proliferation of CD8+ T cells in the lung.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Hwang
- Department of Pathology, Graduate Program of Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ly D, Mi QS, Hussain S, Delovitch TL. Protection from Type 1 Diabetes by Invariant NK T Cells Requires the Activity of CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 177:3695-704. [PMID: 16951329 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.6.3695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Invariant NK T (iNKT) cells regulate immune responses, express NK cell markers and an invariant TCR, and recognize lipid Ags in a CD1d-restricted manner. Previously, we reported that activation of iNKT cells by alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer) protects against type 1 diabetes (T1D) in NOD mice via an IL-4-dependent mechanism. To further investigate how iNKT cells protect from T1D, we analyzed whether iNKT cells require the presence of another subset(s) of regulatory T cells (Treg), such as CD4+ CD25+ Treg, for this protection. We found that CD4+ CD25+ T cells from NOD.CD1d(-/-) mice deficient in iNKT cell function similarly in vitro to CD4+ CD25+ T cells from wild-type NOD mice and suppress the proliferation of NOD T responder cells upon alpha-GalCer stimulation. Cotransfer of NOD diabetogenic T cells with CD4+ CD25+ Tregs from NOD mice pretreated with alpha-GalCer demonstrated that activated iNKT cells do not influence the ability of T(regs) to inhibit the transfer of T1D. In contrast, protection from T1D mediated by transfer of activated iNKT cells requires the activity of CD4+ CD25+ T cells, because splenocytes pretreated with alpha-GalCer and then inactivated by anti-CD25 of CD25+ cells did not protect from T1D. Similarly, mice inactivated of CD4+ CD25+ T cells before alpha-GalCer treatment were also not protected from T1D. Our data suggest that CD4+ CD25+ T cells retain their function during iNKT cell activation, and that the activity of CD4+ CD25+ Tregs is required for iNKT cells to transfer protection from T1D.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/prevention & control
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/biosynthesis
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/biosynthesis
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalam Ly
- Laboratory of Autoimmune Diabetes, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Champagne E, Martinez LO, Vantourout P, Collet X, Barbaras R. Role of apolipoproteins in gammadelta and NKT cell-mediated innate immunity. Immunol Res 2006; 33:241-55. [PMID: 16462001 DOI: 10.1385/ir:33:3:241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings reveal unanticipated connections between the fields of lipid metabolism and immunology. They concern gammadelta and NKT cells, nonconventional T cell populations that do not recognize protein antigens and are involved in immunity against cancer, defense against infections, or in regulation of classical immune responses. In this review, we summarize data linking perturbations of apolipoprotein levels and nonconventional T cells with inflammatory processes such as autoimmune diseases or atherosclerosis. We integrate and discuss recent findings on the implication of apolipoproteins in antigen recognition by gammadelta and NKT cells, with emphasis on apolipoproteins A-I and E. These findings also provide indications that apolipoproteins influence antitumor immunosurveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Champagne
- Université Paul Sabatier, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Departement Lipoproteines et Médiateurs Lipidiques, Toulouse, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|