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Sun P, Li R, Meng Y, Xi S, Wang Q, Yang X, Peng X, Cai J. Introduction to DOK2 and its potential role in cancer. Physiol Res 2021; 70:671-685. [PMID: 34505522 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex, multifactorial disease that modern medicine ultimately aims to overcome. Downstream of tyrosine kinase 2 (DOK2) is a well-known tumor suppressor gene, and a member of the downstream protein DOK family of tyrosine kinases. Through a search of original literature indexed in PubMed and other databases, the present review aims to extricate the mechanisms by which DOK2 acts on cancer, thereby identifying more reliable and effective therapeutic targets to promote enhanced methods of cancer prevention and treatment. The review focuses on the role of DOK2 in multiple tumor types in the lungs, intestines, liver, and breast. Additionally, we discuss the potential mechanisms of action of DOK2 and the downstream consequences via the Ras/MPAK/ERK or PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China. or Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China. or Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei.
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2
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Mucha S, Baurecht H, Novak N, Rodríguez E, Bej S, Mayr G, Emmert H, Stölzl D, Gerdes S, Jung ES, Degenhardt F, Hübenthal M, Ellinghaus E, Kässens JC, Wienbrandt L, Lieb W, Müller-Nurasyid M, Hotze M, Dand N, Grosche S, Marenholz I, Arnold A, Homuth G, Schmidt CO, Wehkamp U, Nöthen MM, Hoffmann P, Paternoster L, Standl M, Bønnelykke K, Ahluwalia TS, Bisgaard H, Peters A, Gieger C, Waldenberger M, Schulz H, Strauch K, Werfel T, Lee YA, Wolfien M, Rosenstiel P, Wolkenhauer O, Schreiber S, Franke A, Weidinger S, Ellinghaus D. Protein-coding variants contribute to the risk of atopic dermatitis and skin-specific gene expression. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 145:1208-1218. [PMID: 31707051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fifteen percent of atopic dermatitis (AD) liability-scale heritability could be attributed to 31 susceptibility loci identified by using genome-wide association studies, with only 3 of them (IL13, IL-6 receptor [IL6R], and filaggrin [FLG]) resolved to protein-coding variants. OBJECTIVE We examined whether a significant portion of unexplained AD heritability is further explained by low-frequency and rare variants in the gene-coding sequence. METHODS We evaluated common, low-frequency, and rare protein-coding variants using exome chip and replication genotype data of 15,574 patients and 377,839 control subjects combined with whole-transcriptome data on lesional, nonlesional, and healthy skin samples of 27 patients and 38 control subjects. RESULTS An additional 12.56% (SE, 0.74%) of AD heritability is explained by rare protein-coding variation. We identified docking protein 2 (DOK2) and CD200 receptor 1 (CD200R1) as novel genome-wide significant susceptibility genes. Rare coding variants associated with AD are further enriched in 5 genes (IL-4 receptor [IL4R], IL13, Janus kinase 1 [JAK1], JAK2, and tyrosine kinase 2 [TYK2]) of the IL13 pathway, all of which are targets for novel systemic AD therapeutics. Multiomics-based network and RNA sequencing analysis revealed DOK2 as a central hub interacting with, among others, CD200R1, IL6R, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Multitissue gene expression profile analysis for 53 tissue types from the Genotype-Tissue Expression project showed that disease-associated protein-coding variants exert their greatest effect in skin tissues. CONCLUSION Our discoveries highlight a major role of rare coding variants in AD acting independently of common variants. Further extensive functional studies are required to detect all potential causal variants and to specify the contribution of the novel susceptibility genes DOK2 and CD200R1 to overall disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Mucha
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hansjörg Baurecht
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany; Department for Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Natalija Novak
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elke Rodríguez
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Saptarshi Bej
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, Germany
| | - Gabriele Mayr
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hila Emmert
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dora Stölzl
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sascha Gerdes
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Eun Suk Jung
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Frauke Degenhardt
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Hübenthal
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany; Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Eva Ellinghaus
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan Christian Kässens
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lars Wienbrandt
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology and Biobank PopGen, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine I (Cardiology), Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Hotze
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nick Dand
- School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Grosche
- Pediatric Allergology, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Max-Delbrück-Centrum (MDC) for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingo Marenholz
- Pediatric Allergology, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Max-Delbrück-Centrum (MDC) for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Arnold
- Clinic and Polyclinic of Dermatology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Georg Homuth
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Carsten O Schmidt
- Institute for Community Medicine, Study of Health in Pomerania/KEF, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ulrike Wehkamp
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lavinia Paternoster
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, and the School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Marie Standl
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Bønnelykke
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Tarunveer S Ahluwalia
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Hans Bisgaard
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology and Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology and Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Holger Schulz
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Werfel
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark; Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Young-Ae Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Cardiology), Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Wolfien
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, Germany
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Olaf Wolkenhauer
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany; First Medical Department, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stephan Weidinger
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - David Ellinghaus
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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Lahmidi S, Strunk U, Smiley JR, Pearson A, Duplay P. Herpes simplex virus 1 infection of T cells causes VP11/12-dependent phosphorylation and degradation of the cellular protein Dok-2. Virology 2017; 511:66-73. [PMID: 28841444 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that HSV-1 infection of lymphocytes induces the tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins that might correspond to viral or host proteins. VP11/12, a viral tegument protein, is the major HSV-induced tyrosine phosphorylated protein identified thus far. In this report, we demonstrated that the cellular adaptor proteins Dok-2 and Dok-1 are tyrosine phosphorylated upon HSV-1 infection. In addition, HSV-1 induced the selective degradation of Dok-2. Finally, we provide evidence that Dok-2 interacts with VP11/12, and that HSV-induced tyrosine phosphorylation and degradation of Dok-2 require VP11/12. Inactivation of either the Src Family Kinases binding motifs or the SHC binding motif of VP11/12 eliminated the interaction of Dok-2 with VP11/12. Elimination of the binding of Dok-2 to VP11/12 prevented Dok-2 phosphorylation and degradation. We propose that HSV-induced Dok phosphorylation and Dok-2 degradation is an immune evasion mechanism to inactivate T cells that might play an important role in HSV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumia Lahmidi
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Québec, Canada H7V 1B7
| | - Ulrike Strunk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2S2
| | - James R Smiley
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2S2
| | - Angela Pearson
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Québec, Canada H7V 1B7.
| | - Pascale Duplay
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Québec, Canada H7V 1B7.
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Binding and inhibition of the ternary complex factor Elk-4/Sap1 by the adapter protein Dok-4. Biochem J 2017; 474:1509-1528. [PMID: 28275114 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The adapter protein Dok-4 (downstream of kinase-4) has been reported as both an activator and inhibitor of Erk and Elk-1, but lack of knowledge about the identity of its partner molecules has precluded any mechanistic insight into these seemingly conflicting properties. We report that Dok-4 interacts with the transactivation domain of Elk-4 through an atypical phosphotyrosine-binding domain-mediated interaction. Dok-4 possesses a nuclear export signal and can relocalize Elk-4 from nucleus to cytosol, whereas Elk-4 possesses two nuclear localization signals that restrict interaction with Dok-4. The Elk-4 protein, unlike Elk-1, is highly unstable in the presence of Dok-4, through both an interaction-dependent mechanism and a pleckstrin homology domain-dependent but interaction-independent mechanism. This is reversed by proteasome inhibition, depletion of endogenous Dok-4 or lysine-to-arginine mutation of putative Elk-4 ubiquitination sites. Finally, Elk-4 transactivation is potently inhibited by Dok-4 overexpression but enhanced by Dok-4 knockdown in MDCK renal tubular cells, which correlates with increased basal and EGF-induced expression of Egr-1, Fos and cylcinD1 mRNA, and cell proliferation despite reduced Erk activation. Thus, Dok-4 can target Elk-4 activity through multiple mechanisms, including binding of the transactivation domain, nuclear exclusion and protein destabilization, without a requirement for inhibition of Erk.
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Waseda M, Arimura S, Shimura E, Nakae S, Yamanashi Y. Loss of Dok-1 and Dok-2 in mice causes severe experimental colitis accompanied by reduced expression of IL-17A and IL-22. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:135-142. [PMID: 27450811 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.07.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Appropriate immune responses and mucosal barrier functions are required for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. Defects in this defense system may lead to inflammatory disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease. Downstream of tyrosine kinases 1 (Dok-1) and its closest homolog, Dok-2, are preferentially expressed in immune cells, and play essential roles in the negative regulation of multiple signaling pathways in both innate and adaptive immunity. However, the function of these proteins in intestinal homeostasis remained unclear. Here we show that Dok-1/-2 double knockout (DKO) mice were highly susceptible to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis compared with Dok-1 or Dok-2 single KO and wild type (WT) mice. Furthermore, DSS-treated Dok-1/-2 DKO mice exhibited increased colonic tissue damage accompanied by reduced proliferation of the epithelial cells relative to WT controls, suggesting that Dok-1/-2 DKO mice have defects in the repair of intestinal epithelial lesions. In addition, the levels of the Th17 cytokines IL-17A and IL-22, which have protective roles in DSS-induced colitis, were reduced in DSS-treated Dok-1/-2 DKO mice compared with WT mice. Taken together, our results demonstrate that Dok-1 and Dok-2 negatively regulate intestinal inflammation, apparently through the induction of IL-17A and IL-22 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masazumi Waseda
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Sumimasa Arimura
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Eri Shimura
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Susumu Nakae
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yuji Yamanashi
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
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Buyan A, Kalli AC, Sansom MSP. Multiscale Simulations Suggest a Mechanism for the Association of the Dok7 PH Domain with PIP-Containing Membranes. PLoS Comput Biol 2016; 12:e1005028. [PMID: 27459095 PMCID: PMC4961371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dok7 is a peripheral membrane protein that is associated with the MuSK receptor tyrosine kinase. Formation of the Dok7/MuSK/membrane complex is required for the activation of MuSK. This is a key step in the complex exchange of signals between neuron and muscle, which lead to neuromuscular junction formation, dysfunction of which is associated with congenital myasthenic syndromes. The Dok7 structure consists of a Pleckstrin Homology (PH) domain and a Phosphotyrosine Binding (PTB) domain. The mechanism of the Dok7 association with the membrane remains largely unknown. Using multi-scale molecular dynamics simulations we have explored the formation of the Dok7 PH/membrane complex. Our simulations indicate that the PH domain of Dok7 associates with membranes containing phosphatidylinositol phosphates (PIPs) via interactions of the β1/β2, β3/β4, and β5/β6 loops, which together form a positively charged surface on the PH domain and interact with the negatively charged headgroups of PIP molecules. The initial encounter of the Dok7 PH domain is followed by formation of additional interactions with the lipid bilayer, and especially with PIP molecules, which stabilizes the Dok7 PH/membrane complex. We have quantified the binding of the PH domain to the model bilayers by calculating a density landscape for protein/membrane interactions. Detailed analysis of the PH/PIP interactions reveal both a canonical and an atypical site to be occupied by the anionic lipid. PH domain binding leads to local clustering of PIP molecules in the bilayer. Association of the Dok7 PH domain with PIP lipids is therefore seen as a key step in localization of Dok7 to the membrane and formation of a complex with MuSK. Neuromuscular junction formation and maintenance is an essential biological process, the disruption of which leads to congenital myasthenic syndromes and premature death. Dok7 is a key member in formation, maintenance and signaling in neuromuscular junctions. Dok7 is a peripheral membrane protein that is necessary for full activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase MuSK, a receptor tyrosine kinase residing in the postsynaptic membrane. The structure of Dok7 consists of both a PH domain and a PTB domain. The interaction of Dok7 with cell membranes is not well understood. Here, we use molecular simulations to show that the Dok7 PH domain preferentially binds to PIP lipid molecules when associating with a membrane. Dok7 interacts with the bilayer in both a canonical binding mode and an alternative binding mode. Our simulations also demonstrate the presence of both a canonical and an atypical binding site for PIPs in agreement with recent crystallographic studies of the ASAP1 PH domain. Analysis of density landscapes for the interaction of the Dok7 PH domain with PIP-containing lipid bilayers is also able to identify both canonical and alternative binding modes. Our improved understanding of how Dok7 interacts with a membrane is key to examining Dok7/MuSK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Buyan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Antreas C. Kalli
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark S. P. Sansom
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Intracellular TCR-signaling pathway: novel markers for lymphoma diagnosis and potential therapeutic targets. Am J Surg Pathol 2014; 38:1349-59. [PMID: 25118816 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000000309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite the immunologic functions of T-cell receptor signaling molecules being extensively investigated, their potential as immunohistochemical markers has been poorly explored. With this background, we evaluated the expression of 5 intracellular proteins-GADS, DOK2, SKAP55, ITK, and PKCα-involved in T-cell receptor signaling in normal and neoplastic hematologic tissue samples, using antibodies raised against fixation-resistant epitopes of the 5 molecules. All 5 antibodies were associated with normal T-cell differentiation. GADS, DOK2, SKAP55, and ITK turned out to be T-cell lineage-specific markers in the setting of lymphoid and myeloid precursor neoplasms but showed differential expression in peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) subtypes, being detected in PTCL/not otherwise specified (NOS) and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma but negative in anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). Peripheral B-cell lymphomas were consistently negative for ITK, with occasional cases showing expression of DOK2 and SKAP55, and a proportion (47%) of hairy cell leukemias were GADS. Notably, PKCα highlighted a defective antigen in both PTCL/NOS (6%) and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (10%), mostly negative in ALCL, and was aberrantly expressed in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (65%), Burkitt lymphoma (48%), and plasma cell myeloma (48%). In conclusion, all five molecules evaluated play a role in T-cell differentiation in normal and neoplastic tissues. They can be applied confidently to routine sections contributing primarily to assignment of T-lineage differentiation in the setting of hematopoietic precursor neoplasms (GADS/DOK2/SKAP55/ITK) and for the differential diagnosis between ALCL and PTCL/NOS (GADS/DOK2/SKAP55/ITK) or classical Hodgkin lymphoma (PKCα). Finally, association with specific tumor subtypes may have therapeutic potential.
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Coppin E, Gelsi-Boyer V, Morelli X, Cervera N, Murati A, Pandolfi PP, Birnbaum D, Nunès JA. Mutational analysis of the DOK2 haploinsufficient tumor suppressor gene in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). Leukemia 2014; 29:500-2. [PMID: 25252871 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Coppin
- 1] Inserm U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France [2] Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France [3] CNRS, UMR7258, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France [4] Aix-Marseille University UM105, Marseille, France
| | - V Gelsi-Boyer
- 1] Inserm U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France [2] Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France [3] CNRS, UMR7258, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France [4] Aix-Marseille University UM105, Marseille, France
| | - X Morelli
- 1] Inserm U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France [2] Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France [3] CNRS, UMR7258, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France [4] Aix-Marseille University UM105, Marseille, France
| | - N Cervera
- 1] Inserm U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France [2] Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France [3] CNRS, UMR7258, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France [4] Aix-Marseille University UM105, Marseille, France
| | - A Murati
- 1] Inserm U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France [2] Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France [3] CNRS, UMR7258, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France [4] Aix-Marseille University UM105, Marseille, France
| | - P P Pandolfi
- 1] Cancer Genetics and Prevention Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA [3] Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D Birnbaum
- 1] Inserm U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France [2] Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France [3] CNRS, UMR7258, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France [4] Aix-Marseille University UM105, Marseille, France
| | - J A Nunès
- 1] Inserm U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France [2] Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France [3] CNRS, UMR7258, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France [4] Aix-Marseille University UM105, Marseille, France
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Nunès JA, Guittard G. An Emerging Role for PI5P in T Cell Biology. Front Immunol 2013; 4:80. [PMID: 23565114 PMCID: PMC3613722 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositides are critical regulators in cell biology. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, also known as PI(4,5)P2 or PIP2, was the first variety of phosphoinositide to enter in the T cell signaling scene. Phosphatidylinositol bis-phosphates are the substrates for different types of enzymes such as phospholipases C (β and γ isoforms) and phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K class IA and IB) that are largely involved in signal transduction. However until recently, only a few studies highlighted phosphatidylinositol monophosphates as signaling molecules. This was mostly due to the difficulty of detection of some of these phosphoinositides, such as phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate, also known as PI5P. Some compelling evidence argues for a role of PI5P in cell signaling and/or cell trafficking. Recently, we reported the detection of a PI5P increase upon TCR triggering. Here, we describe the current knowledge of the role of PI5P in T cell signaling. The future challenges that will be important to achieve in order to fully characterize the role of PI5P in T cell biology, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques A Nunès
- Immunology and Cancer, UMR7258, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Cancerologie de Marseille Marseille, France ; Immunology and Cancer, U1068, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Cancerologie de Marseille Marseille, France ; Immunology and Cancer, Institut Paoli-Calmettes Marseille, France ; Centre de Recherche en Cancerologie de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University Marseille, France
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10
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Abstract
Docking proteins comprise a distinct category of intracellular, noncatalytic signalling protein, that function downstream of a variety of receptor and receptor-associated tyrosine kinases and regulate diverse physiological and pathological processes. The growth factor receptor bound 2-associated binder/Daughter of Sevenless, insulin receptor substrate, fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2 and downstream of tyrosine kinases protein families fall into this category. This minireview focuses on the structure, function and regulation of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Brummer
- Centre for Biological Systems Analysis (ZBSA), Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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11
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Mashima R, Hishida Y, Tezuka T, Yamanashi Y. The roles of Dok family adapters in immunoreceptor signaling. Immunol Rev 2010; 232:273-85. [PMID: 19909370 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2009.00844.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian Dok protein family has seven members (Dok-1-Dok-7). The Dok proteins share structural similarities characterized by the NH2-terminal pleckstrin homology and phosphotyrosine-binding domains followed by SH2 target motifs in the COOH-terminal moiety, indicating an adapter function. Indeed, Dok-1 was originally identified as a 62 kDa protein that binds with p120 rasGAP, a potent inhibitor of Ras, upon tyrosine phosphorylation by a variety of protein tyrosine kinases. Among the Dok family, only Dok-1, Dok-2, and Dok-3 are preferentially expressed in hematopoietic/immune cells. Dok-1 and its closest relative Dok-2 act as negative regulators of the Ras-Erk pathway downstream of many immunoreceptor-mediated signaling systems, and it is believed that recruitment of p120 rasGAP by Dok-1 and Dok-2 is critical to their negative regulation. By contrast, Dok-3 does not bind with p120 rasGAP. However, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that Dok-3 is a negative regulator of the activation of JNK and mobilization of Ca2+ in B-cell receptor-mediated signaling, where the interaction of Dok-3 with SHIP-1 and Grb2 appears to be important. Here, we review the physiological roles and underlying mechanisms of Dok family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Mashima
- Division of Genetics, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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A concerted kinase interplay identifies PPARgamma as a molecular target of ghrelin signaling in macrophages. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7728. [PMID: 19888469 PMCID: PMC2766837 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor PPARγ plays an essential role in vascular biology, modulating macrophage function and atherosclerosis progression. Recently, we have described the beneficial effect of combined activation of the ghrelin/GHS-R1a receptor and the scavenger receptor CD36 to induce macrophage cholesterol release through transcriptional activation of PPARγ. Although the interplay between CD36 and PPARγ in atherogenesis is well recognized, the contribution of the ghrelin receptor to regulate PPARγ remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that ghrelin triggers PPARγ activation through a concerted signaling cascade involving Erk1/2 and Akt kinases, resulting in enhanced expression of downstream effectors LXRα and ABC sterol transporters in human macrophages. These effects were associated with enhanced PPARγ phosphorylation independently of the inhibitory conserved serine-84. Src tyrosine kinase Fyn was identified as being recruited to GHS-R1a in response to ghrelin, but failure of activated Fyn to enhance PPARγ Ser-84 specific phosphorylation relied on the concomitant recruitment of docking protein Dok-1, which prevented optimal activation of the Erk1/2 pathway. Also, substitution of Ser-84 preserved the ghrelin-induced PPARγ activity and responsiveness to Src inhibition, supporting a mechanism independent of Ser-84 in PPARγ response to ghrelin. Consistent with this, we found that ghrelin promoted the PI3-K/Akt pathway in a Gαq-dependent manner, resulting in Akt recruitment to PPARγ, enhanced PPARγ phosphorylation and activation independently of Ser-84, and increased expression of LXRα and ABCA1/G1. Collectively, these results illustrate a complex interplay involving Fyn/Dok-1/Erk and Gαq/PI3-K/Akt pathways to transduce in a concerted manner responsiveness of PPARγ to ghrelin in macrophages.
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Mihrshahi R, Barclay AN, Brown MH. Essential roles for Dok2 and RasGAP in CD200 receptor-mediated regulation of human myeloid cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:4879-86. [PMID: 19786546 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The CD200 receptor (CD200R) acts as a negative regulator of myeloid cells by interacting with its widely expressed ligand CD200. Using mutants expressed in U937 cells, we show that inhibition is mediated by the PTB domain binding motif (NPLY) in the receptor's cytoplasmic region. The adaptor protein downstream of tyrosine kinase 2 (Dok2) bound directly to the phosphorylated NPLY motif with a 10-fold higher affinity (K(D) of approximately 1 microM at 37 degrees C) than the closely related Dok1. Both of these proteins have been suggested to play a role in CD200R signaling in murine cells. Dok2 was phosphorylated in response to CD200R engagement and recruited RAS p21 protein activator 1 (RasGAP). Knockdown of Dok2 and RasGAP by RNA interference revealed that these proteins are required for CD200R signaling, while knockdown of Dok1 and the inositol 5-phosphatase SHIP did not affect CD200R-mediated inhibition. We conclude that CD200R inhibits the activation of human myeloid cells through direct recruitment of Dok2 and subsequent activation of RasGAP, which distinguishes this receptor from the majority of inhibitory receptors that utilize ITIMs and recruit phosphatases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Mihrshahi
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Detection of Homo- or Hetero-Association of Doks by Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer in Living Cells. Mol Imaging Biol 2008; 11:188-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s11307-008-0189-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2008] [Revised: 06/24/2008] [Accepted: 07/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
Many protein-protein interactions are mediated by small modular domains, which recognize short peptide motifs in their partner proteins. However, for the great majority of these domains, the identity of their partner proteins remains unknown. In this work, a chemical/bioinformatics approach has been developed to identify phosphotyrosyl (pY) proteins that bind to tensin, a protein involved in the formation of actin cytoskeleton and signal transduction. A pY peptide library was chemically synthesized and screened against the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain of tensin to identify the peptide motifs that bind to the SH2 domain. Next, protein databases were searched for proteins containing the SH2 domain-binding peptide motifs. Finally, the potential tensin-binding proteins were confirmed (or disproved) by in vitro pull-down and coimmunoprecipitation assays. This procedure identified phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 and downstream of tyrosine kinase 2 as novel tensin-binding proteins. In addition, a cell-permeable pY peptide was designed as tensin SH2 domain inhibitor, which caused the disruption of actin filaments in NIH 3T3 cells. This method should be generally applicable to other modular domains that recognize small peptide motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Wavreille
- Department of Chemistry and Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Stork B, Neumann K, Goldbeck I, Alers S, Kähne T, Naumann M, Engelke M, Wienands J. Subcellular localization of Grb2 by the adaptor protein Dok-3 restricts the intensity of Ca2+ signaling in B cells. EMBO J 2007; 26:1140-9. [PMID: 17290227 PMCID: PMC1852829 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2006] [Accepted: 12/19/2006] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatial and temporal modulation of intracellular Ca2+ fluxes controls the cellular response of B lymphocytes to antigen stimulation. Herein, we identify the hematopoietic adaptor protein Dok-3 (downstream of kinase-3) as a key component of negative feedback regulation in Ca2+ signaling from the B-cell antigen receptor. Dok-3 localizes at the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane and is a major substrate for activated Src family kinase Lyn. Phosphorylated Dok-3 inhibits antigen receptor-induced Ca2+ elevation by recruiting cytosolic Grb2, which acts at this location as a negative regulator of Bruton's tyrosine kinase. This leads to diminished activation of phospholipase C-gamma2 and reduced production of soluble inositol trisphosphate. Hence, the Dok-3/Grb2 module is a membrane-associated signaling organizer, which orchestrates the interaction efficiency of Ca2+-mobilizing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Stork
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Georg August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Neumann
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Georg August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ingo Goldbeck
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Georg August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Alers
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Georg August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thilo Kähne
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Naumann
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Engelke
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Georg August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Wienands
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Georg August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Georg August University of Göttingen, Humboldtallee 34, 37073 Göttingen, Germany. Tel.: +49 (0)551 39 5812; Fax: +49 (0)551 39 5843, E-mail:
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Dong S, Corre B, Foulon E, Dufour E, Veillette A, Acuto O, Michel F. T cell receptor for antigen induces linker for activation of T cell-dependent activation of a negative signaling complex involving Dok-2, SHIP-1, and Grb-2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 203:2509-18. [PMID: 17043143 PMCID: PMC2118126 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20060650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adaptor proteins positively or negatively regulate the T cell receptor for antigen (TCR) signaling cascade. We report that after TCR stimulation, the inhibitory adaptor downstream of kinase (Dok)-2 and its homologue Dok-1 are involved in a multimolecular complex including the lipid phosphatase Src homology 2 domain–containing inositol polyphosphate 5′-phosphatase (SHIP)-1 and Grb-2 which interacts with the membrane signaling scaffold linker for activation of T cells (LAT). Knockdown of LAT and SHIP-1 expression indicated that SHIP-1 favored recruitment of Dok-2 to LAT. Knockdown of Dok-2 and Dok-1 revealed their negative control on Akt and, unexpectedly, on Zap-70 activation. Our findings support the view that Dok-1 and -2 are critical elements of a LAT-dependent negative feedback loop that attenuates early TCR signal. Dok-1 and -2 may therefore exert a critical role in shaping the immune response and as gatekeepers for T cell tolerance.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/biosynthesis
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/physiology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- DNA-Binding Proteins/physiology
- Down-Regulation/immunology
- Feedback, Physiological/immunology
- GRB2 Adaptor Protein/physiology
- Humans
- Inositol Polyphosphate 5-Phosphatases
- Jurkat Cells
- Ligands
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Membrane Proteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/physiology
- Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-Trisphosphate 5-Phosphatases
- Phosphoproteins/physiology
- Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases/physiology
- Phosphorylation
- RNA-Binding Proteins/physiology
- Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell/physiology
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Tyrosine/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Dong
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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