1
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Wang L, Zhang Y, Yu H, Song J, Wang Y. Sequential transplantation of the liver-kidney-heart from different donors: a case report. Eur Heart J Case Rep 2023; 7:ytad472. [PMID: 37854104 PMCID: PMC10580372 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytad472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Background Multi-organ transplantation has emerged as a viable treatment strategy for patients afflicted with multiple organ failure or significant organ dysfunctions. Despite the promising therapeutic outcomes, this approach also amplifies the risk of organ rejection, infection, or neoplastic growth. We present a unique case of a patient who sequentially underwent liver, kidney, and heart transplantation, all sourced from different donors. This case brings forth intriguing possibilities about the interplay between cardiovascular diseases and complications arising post-transplantation, thereby enriching our understanding of comprehensive transplant immunomodulation and cardiovascular disease prevention. Case summary A 59-year-old male with chronic alcohol misuse developed liver cirrhosis in 2012 and subsequent kidney failure in 2018 due to alcoholic liver disease, type II diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, and severe hypertension. Subsequently, an incident of extensive transmural myocardial infarction (Killip III) warranted a heart transplant in 2022. Post-transplant, the patient was maintained on a standard immunosuppression regimen with regular post-operative follow-ups. No signs of rejection were noted 1-year post-final transplantation under standard immunosuppression. Discussion The presented case exemplifies the potential and feasibility of sequential multi-organ transplantation. The multifaceted interplay between the transplanted organs and the immunosuppressive pharmaceuticals likely exert distinct influences on transplantation immune regulation, possibly diverging from the dynamics observed in single-organ transplantation. A comprehensive exploration of the mechanisms governing immune responses in the context of multi-organ transplantation could yield valuable insights for mitigating graft dysfunction. Furthermore, the rapid progression of atherosclerosis observed after liver and kidney transplantation necessitates further scrutiny to elucidate potential correlations with the post-transplantation state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liaoran Wang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 368 Yehai Ave., Haikou, Hainan 570311, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China
- The Cardiomyopathy Research Group at Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fengcunxili, Yongding Town, Mentougou District, Beijing 102308, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular and Vascular Surgery Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 368 Yehai Ave., Haikou, Hainan 570311, China
| | - Jiangping Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China
- The Cardiomyopathy Research Group at Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fengcunxili, Yongding Town, Mentougou District, Beijing 102308, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 368 Yehai Ave., Haikou, Hainan 570311, China
- The Transplantation Institute of Hainan, 368 Yehai Ave., Haikou, Hainan 570311, China
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2
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Kahan R, Cray PL, Abraham N, Gao Q, Hartwig MG, Pollara JJ, Barbas AS. Sterile inflammation in liver transplantation. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1223224. [PMID: 37636574 PMCID: PMC10449546 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1223224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sterile inflammation is the immune response to damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released during cell death in the absence of foreign pathogens. In the setting of solid organ transplantation, ischemia-reperfusion injury results in mitochondria-mediated production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that are a major cause of uncontrolled cell death and release of various DAMPs from the graft tissue. When properly regulated, the immune response initiated by DAMP-sensing serves as means of damage control and is necessary for initiation of recovery pathways and re-establishment of homeostasis. In contrast, a dysregulated or overt sterile inflammatory response can inadvertently lead to further injury through recruitment of immune cells, innate immune cell activation, and sensitization of the adaptive immune system. In liver transplantation, sterile inflammation may manifest as early graft dysfunction, acute graft failure, or increased risk of immunosuppression-resistant rejection. Understanding the mechanisms of the development of sterile inflammation in the setting of liver transplantation is crucial for finding reliable biomarkers that predict graft function, and for development of therapeutic approaches to improve long-term transplant outcomes. Here, we discuss the recent advances that have been made to elucidate the early signs of sterile inflammation and extent of damage from it. We also discuss new therapeutics that may be effective in quelling the detrimental effects of sterile inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrew S. Barbas
- Duke Ex-Vivo Organ Lab (DEVOL)—Division of Abdominal Transplant Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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Li SW, Cai Y, Mao XL, He SQ, Chen YH, Yan LL, Zhou JJ, Song YQ, Ye LP, Zhou XB. The Immunomodulatory Properties of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Play a Critical Role in Inducing Immune Tolerance after Liver Transplantation. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:6930263. [PMID: 34531915 PMCID: PMC8440082 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6930263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although liver transplantation is considered to be the best choice for patients with end-stage liver diseases, postoperative immune rejection still cannot be overlooked. Patients with liver transplantation have to take immunosuppressive drugs for a long time or even their entire lives, in which heavy economic burden and side effects caused by the drugs have become the major impediment for liver transplantation. There is a growing body of evidences indicating that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation, a promising tool in regenerative medicine, can be used as an effective way to induce immune tolerance after liver transplantation based on their huge expansion potential and unique immunomodulatory properties. MSCs have been reported to inhibit innate immunity and adaptive immunity to induce a tolerogenic microenvironment. In in vitro studies, transplanted MSCs show plasticity in immune regulation by altering their viability, migration, differentiation, and secretion in the interactions with the surrounding host microenvironment. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the current understanding of immunomodulatory properties of MSCs in liver transplantation, to elucidate the potential mechanisms behind MSCs regulating immune response, especially in vivo and the influence of the microenvironment, and ultimately to discuss the feasible strategies to improve the clinical prognosis of liver transplantation. Only after exhaustive understanding of potential mechanisms of the MSC immunomodulation can we improve the safety and effectiveness of MSC treatment and achieve better therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Cai
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin-li Mao
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sai-qin He
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ya-hong Chen
- Health Management Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ling-ling Yan
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing-jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ya-qi Song
- Taizhou Hospital, Zhejiang University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li-ping Ye
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xian-bin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
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4
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Tanimine N, Ohira M, Tahara H, Ide K, Tanaka Y, Onoe T, Ohdan H. Strategies for Deliberate Induction of Immune Tolerance in Liver Transplantation: From Preclinical Models to Clinical Application. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1615. [PMID: 32849546 PMCID: PMC7412931 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver exhibits intrinsic immune regulatory properties that maintain tolerance to endogenous and exogenous antigens, and provide protection against pathogens. Such an immune privilege contributes to susceptibility to spontaneous acceptance despite major histocompatibility complex mismatch when transplanted in animal models. Furthermore, the presence of a liver allograft can suppress the rejection of other solid tissue/organ grafts from the same donor. Despite this immune privilege of the livers, to control the undesired alloimmune responses in humans, most liver transplant recipients require long-term treatment with immune-suppressive drugs that predispose to cardiometabolic side effects and renal insufficiency. Understanding the mechanism of liver transplant tolerance and crosstalk between a variety of hepatic immune cells, such as dendritic cells, Kupffer cells, liver sinusoidas endothelial cells, hepatic stellate cells and so on, and alloreactive T cells would lead to the development of strategies for deliberate induction of more specific immune tolerance in a clinical setting. In this review article, we focus on results derived from basic studies that have attempted to elucidate the immune modulatory mechanisms of liver constituent cells and clinical trials that induced immune tolerance after liver transplantation by utilizing the immune-privilege potential of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Tanimine
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tahara
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ide
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuka Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Onoe
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, National Hospital Organization, Kure, Japan
| | - Hideki Ohdan
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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5
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Richardson N, Ng STH, Wraith DC. Antigen-Specific Immunotherapy for Treatment of Autoimmune Liver Diseases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1586. [PMID: 32793226 PMCID: PMC7385233 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is a critical organ in controlling immune tolerance. In particular, it is now clear that targeting antigens for presentation by antigen presenting cells in the liver can induce immune tolerance to either autoantigens from the liver itself or tissues outside of the liver. Here we review immune mechanisms active within the liver that contribute both to the control of infectious diseases and tolerance to self-antigens. Despite its extraordinary capacity for tolerance induction, the liver remains a target organ for autoimmune diseases. In this review, we compare and contrast known autoimmune diseases of the liver. Currently patients tend to receive strong immunosuppressive treatments and, in many cases, these treatments are associated with deleterious side effects, including a significantly higher risk of infection and associated health complications. We propose that, in future, antigen-specific immunotherapies are adopted for treatment of liver autoimmune diseases in order to avoid such adverse effects. We describe various therapeutic approaches that either are in or close to the clinic, highlight their mechanism of action and assess their suitability for treatment of autoimmune liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David C. Wraith
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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6
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Jiang Y, Que W, Zhu P, Li XK. The Role of Diverse Liver Cells in Liver Transplantation Tolerance. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1203. [PMID: 32595648 PMCID: PMC7304488 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation is the ideal treatment approach for a variety of end-stage liver diseases. However, life-long, systemic immunosuppressive treatment after transplantation is required to prevent rejection and graft loss, which is associated with severe side effects, although liver allograft is considered more tolerogenic. Therefore, understanding the mechanism underlying the unique immunologically privileged liver organ is valuable for transplantation management and autoimmune disease treatment. The unique hepatic acinus anatomy and a complex cellular network constitute the immunosuppressive hepatic microenvironment, which are responsible for the tolerogenic properties of the liver. The hepatic microenvironment contains a variety of hepatic-resident immobile non-professional antigen-presenting cells, including hepatocytes, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, and hepatic stellate cells, that are insufficient to optimally prime T cells locally and lead to the removal of alloreactive T cells due to the low expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory molecules and proinflammatory cytokines but a rather high expression of coinhibitory molecules and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Hepatic dendritic cells (DCs) are generally immature and less immunogenic than splenic DCs and are also ineffective in priming naïve allogeneic T cells via the direct recognition pathway in recipient secondary lymphoid organs. Although natural killer cells and natural killer T cells are reportedly associated with liver tolerance, their roles in liver transplantation are multifaceted and need to be further clarified. Under these circumstances, T cells are prone to clonal deletion, clonal anergy and exhaustion, eventually leading to tolerance. Other proposed liver tolerance mechanisms, such as soluble donor MHC class I molecules, passenger leukocytes theory and a high-load antigen effect, have also been addressed. We herein comprehensively review the current evidence implicating the tolerogenic properties of diverse liver cells in liver transplantation tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhi Jiang
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weitao Que
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ping Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Kang Li
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Hu C, Li L. The immunoregulation of mesenchymal stem cells plays a critical role in improving the prognosis of liver transplantation. J Transl Med 2019; 17:412. [PMID: 31823784 PMCID: PMC6905033 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-02167-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is supplied by a dual blood supply, including the portal venous system and the hepatic arterial system; thus, the liver organ is exposed to multiple gut microbial products, metabolic products, and toxins; is sensitive to extraneous pathogens; and can develop liver failure, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after short-term or long-term injury. Although liver transplantation (LT) serves as the only effective treatment for patients with end-stage liver diseases, it is not very popular because of the complications and low survival rates. Although the liver is generally termed an immune and tolerogenic organ with adaptive systems consisting of humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity, a high rejection rate is still the main complication in patients with LT. Growing evidence has shown that mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) transplantation could serve as an effective immunomodulatory strategy to induce tolerance in various immune-related disorders. MSCs are reported to inhibit the immune response from innate immune cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer cells (NK cells), and natural killer T (NKT) cells, and that from adaptive immune cells, including T cells, B cells and other liver-specific immune cells, for the generation of a tolerogenic microenvironment. In this review, we summarized the relationship between LT and immunoregulation, and we focused on how to improve the effects of MSC transplantation to improve the prognosis of LT. Only after exhaustive clarification of the potential immunoregulatory mechanisms of MSCs in vitro and in vivo can we implement MSC protocols in routine clinical practice to improve LT outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Gulubova M. Myeloid and Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and Cancer - New Insights. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:3324-3340. [PMID: 31949539 PMCID: PMC6953922 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) use effective mechanisms to combat antigens and to bring about adaptive immune responses through their ability to stimulate näive T cells. At present, four major cell types are categorised as DCs: Classical or conventional (cDCs), Plasmacytoid (pDCs), Langerhans cells (LCs), and monocyte-derived DCs (Mo-DCs). It was suggested that pDCs, CD1c+ DCs and CD141+ DCs in humans are equivalent to mouse pDCs, CD11b+ DCs and CD8α+ DCs, respectively. Human CD141+ DCs compared to mouse CD8α+ DCs have remarkable functional and transcriptomic similarities. Characteristic markers, transcription factors, toll-like receptors, T helpers (Th) polarisation, cytokines, etc. of DCs are discussed in this review. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I and II antigen presentation, cross-presentation and Th polarisation are defined, and the dual role of DCs in the tumour is discussed. Human DCs are the main immune cells that orchestrate the immune response in the tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Gulubova
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
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Hashimoto S, Onoe T, Banshodani M, Taguchi K, Tanaka Y, Ohdan H. Postoperative Portal Hypertension Enhances Alloimmune Responses after Living-Donor Liver Transplantation in Patients and in a Mouse Model. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:1392-1403. [PMID: 31331971 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Controlling portal vein pressure in living-donor liver transplantation has received increased attention owing to its potential importance for graft survival. Portal hypertension may lead to the activation of liver-resident APCs, including liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), which have immunological tolerogenic capacity. We investigated the effects of portal hypertension on graft survival and the antidonor immune response using clinical data and a mouse model. We categorized patients (n = 136) according to their portal vein pressure values at the end of surgery. Using propensity score-matching analyses, we found that portal hypertension was significantly associated with a higher antidonor immune response and incidence of acute rejection. To investigate the mechanism, we performed an allogeneic coculture assay using a 70% hepatectomized (HTx) mouse model with or without a portosystemic shunt. Liver cells from HTx mice without a shunt exhibited a significantly greater anti-BALB/c B6 T cell response than those from sham-operated mice or HTx mice with a shunt. LSECs from sham-operated mice, but not from HTx mice, suppressed the B6 T cell alloresponse in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, LSECs from HTx mice without a shunt showed significantly downregulated MHC class I/II and programmed death-ligand 1 expression, and those from mice with a shunt showed recovered expression of these molecules. Postoperative portal hypertension enhances alloimmune responses in recipients after living-donor liver transplantation, likely due, in part, to the impaired immune-suppression capacity of LSECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Hashimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-0037, Japan; and
| | - Takashi Onoe
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-0037, Japan; and .,Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization, Kure Medical Center/Chugoku Cancer Center, Kure 737-0023, Japan
| | - Masataka Banshodani
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-0037, Japan; and
| | - Kazuhiro Taguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-0037, Japan; and.,Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization, Kure Medical Center/Chugoku Cancer Center, Kure 737-0023, Japan
| | - Yuka Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-0037, Japan; and
| | - Hideki Ohdan
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-0037, Japan; and
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10
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Abrol N, Jadlowiec CC, Taner T. Revisiting the liver’s role in transplant alloimmunity. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:3123-3135. [PMID: 31333306 PMCID: PMC6626728 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i25.3123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The transplanted liver can modulate the recipient immune system to induce tolerance after transplantation. This phenomenon was observed nearly five decades ago. Subsequently, the liver’s role in multivisceral transplantation was recognized, as it has a protective role in preventing rejection of simultaneously transplanted solid organs such as kidney and heart. The liver has a unique architecture and is home to many cells involved in immunity and inflammation. After transplantation, these cells migrate from the liver into the recipient. Early studies identified chimerism as an important mechanism by which the liver modulates the human immune system. Recent studies on human T-cell subtypes, cytokine expression, and gene expression in the allograft have expanded our knowledge on the potential mechanisms underlying immunomodulation. In this article, we discuss the privileged state of liver transplantation compared to other solid organ transplantation, the liver allograft’s role in multivisceral transplantation, various cells in the liver involved in immune responses, and the potential mechanisms underlying immunomodulation of host alloresponses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Abrol
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Massyo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | | | - Timucin Taner
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Massyo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
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11
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Huang H, Lu Y, Zhou T, Gu G, Xia Q. Innate Immune Cells in Immune Tolerance After Liver Transplantation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2401. [PMID: 30473690 PMCID: PMC6237933 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, liver transplantation is the most effective treatment for end-stage liver disease. Immunosuppressive agents are required to be taken after the operations, which have significantly reduced rejection rates and improved the short-term (<1 year) survival rates. However, post-transplant complications related to the immunosuppressive therapy have led to the development of new protocols aimed at protecting renal function and preventing de novo cancer and dysmetabolic syndrome. Donor specific immune tolerance, which means the mature immune systems of recipients will not attack the grafts under the conditions without any immunosuppression therapies, is considered the optimal state after liver transplantation. There have been studies that have shown that some patients can reach this immune tolerance state after liver transplantation. The intrahepatic immune system is quite different from that in other solid organs, especially the innate immune system. It contains a variety of liver specific cells, such as liver-derived dendritic cells, Kupffer cells, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, liver-derived natural killer (NK) cells, natural killer T (NKT) cells, and so on. Depending on their specific structures and functions, these intrahepatic innate immune cells play important roles in the development of intrahepatic immune tolerance. In this article, in order to have a deeper understanding of the tolerogenic functions of liver, we summarized the molecular mechanisms of immune tolerance induced by intrahepatic innate immune cells after liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongting Huang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yefeng Lu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangxiang Gu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Robinson KA, Orent W, Madsen JC, Benichou G. Maintaining T cell tolerance of alloantigens: Lessons from animal studies. Am J Transplant 2018; 18:1843-1856. [PMID: 29939471 PMCID: PMC6352985 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Achieving host immune tolerance of allogeneic transplants represents the ultimate challenge in clinical transplantation. It has become clear that different cells and mechanisms participate in acquisition versus maintenance of allograft tolerance. Indeed, manipulations which prevent tolerance induction often fail to abrogate tolerance once it has been established. Hence, elucidation of the immunological mechanisms underlying maintenance of T cell tolerance to alloantigens is essential for the development of novel interventions that preserve a robust and long lasting state of allograft tolerance that relies on T cell deletion in addition to intra-graft suppression of inflammatory immune responses. In this review, we discuss some essential elements of the mechanisms involved in the maintenance of naturally occurring or experimentally induced allograft tolerance, including the newly described role of antigen cross-dressing mediated by extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kortney A. Robinson
- Center for Transplant Sciences, Massachusetts General
Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - William Orent
- Center for Transplant Sciences, Massachusetts General
Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Joren C. Madsen
- Center for Transplant Sciences, Massachusetts General
Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery,
Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Gilles Benichou
- Center for Transplant Sciences, Massachusetts General
Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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13
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Ono Y, Perez-Gutierrez A, Nakao T, Dai H, Camirand G, Yoshida O, Yokota S, Stolz DB, Ross MA, Morelli AE, Geller DA, Thomson AW. Graft-infiltrating PD-L1 hi cross-dressed dendritic cells regulate antidonor T cell responses in mouse liver transplant tolerance. Hepatology 2018; 67:1499-1515. [PMID: 28921638 PMCID: PMC5856603 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Although a key role of cross-dressing has been established in immunity to viral infection and more recently in the instigation of transplant rejection, its role in tolerance is unclear. We investigated the role of intragraft dendritic cells (DCs) and cross-dressing in mouse major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-mismatched liver transplant tolerance that occurs without therapeutic immunosuppression. Although donor interstitial DCs diminished rapidly after transplantation, they were replaced in the liver by host DCs that peaked on postoperative day (POD) 7 and persisted indefinitely. Approximately 60% of these recipient DCs displayed donor MHC class I, indicating cross-dressing. By contrast, only a very minor fraction (0%-2%) of cross-dressed DCs (CD-DCs) was evident in the spleen. CD-DCs sorted from liver grafts expressed much higher levels of T cell inhibitory programed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and high levels of interleukin-10 compared with non-CD-DCs (nCD-DCs) isolated from the graft. Concomitantly, high incidences of programed death protein 1 (PD-1)hi T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain containing 3 (TIM-3)+ exhausted graft-infiltrating CD8+ T cells were observed. Unlike nCD-DCs, the CD-DCs failed to stimulate proliferation of allogeneic T cells but markedly suppressed antidonor host T cell proliferation. CD-DCs were much less evident in allografts from DNAX-activating protein of 12 kDa (DAP12)-/- donors that were rejected acutely. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that graft-infiltrating PD-L1hi CD-DCs may play a key role in the regulation of alloimmunity and in the induction of liver transplant tolerance. (Hepatology 2018;67:1499-1515).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Ono
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Angelica Perez-Gutierrez
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Toshimasa Nakao
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Helong Dai
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Geoffrey Camirand
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Osamu Yoshida
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shinichiro Yokota
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Donna Beer Stolz
- Center for Biologic Imaging, Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mark A. Ross
- Center for Biologic Imaging, Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adrian E. Morelli
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David A. Geller
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Liver Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Angus W. Thomson
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Corresponding author: Angus W. Thomson, PhD DSc, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, W1540 BST, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, Phone: (412) 624-6392, Fax: (412)-624-1172,
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14
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Karpova YD, Bozhok GA, Alabedal’karim NM, Lyupina YV, Astakhova TM, Legach EI, Sharova NP. Proteasomes and transplantology: Current state of the problem and the search for promising trends. BIOL BULL+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359017030049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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15
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The liver immune environment is tightly regulated to balance immune activation with immune tolerance. Understanding the dominant immune pathways initiated in the liver is important because the liver is a site for cell transplantation, such as for islet and hepatocyte transplantation. The purpose of this study is to examine the consequences of alloimmune stimulation when allogeneic cells are transplanted to the liver in comparison to a different immune locale, such as the kidney. METHODS We investigated cellular and humoral immune responses when allogeneic hepatocytes are transplanted directly to the recipient liver by intraportal injection. A heterotopic kidney engraftment site was used for comparison to immune activation in the liver microenvironment. RESULTS Transplantation of allogeneic hepatocytes delivered directly to the liver, via recipient portal circulation, stimulated long-term, high magnitude CD8 T cell-mediated allocytotoxicity. CD8 T cells initiated significant in vivo allocytotoxicity as well as rapid rejection of hepatocytes transplanted to the liver even in the absence of secondary lymph nodes or CD4 T cells. In contrast, in the absence of recipient peripheral lymphoid tissue and CD4 T cells, CD8-mediated in vivo allocytotoxicity was abrogated, and rejection was delayed when hepatocellular allografts were transplanted to the kidney subcapsular site. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the CD8-dominant proinflammatory immune responses unique to the liver microenvironment. Allogeneic cells transplanted directly to the liver do not enjoy immune privilege but rather require immunosuppression to prevent rejection by a robust and persistent CD8-dependent allocytotoxicity primed in the liver.
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Buonaguro L, Tagliamonte M, Petrizzo A, Damiano E, Tornesello ML, Buonaguro FM. Cellular prognostic markers in hepatocellular carcinoma. Future Oncol 2016; 11:1591-8. [PMID: 26043213 DOI: 10.2217/fon.15.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the five big killers worldwide and is frequently associated with chronic hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV) infections. Tumor microenvironment consists of a complex network of cells and factors that plays a key role in the tumor progression and prognosis. This is true also for HCC. Several studies have shown strikingly strong correlation between HCC clinical prognosis and intratumoral infiltration of cells affecting tumor growth, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis. None of such cells is yet validated for routine diagnostic and prognostic assessment. The present review aims at providing a state-of-the-art of such studies.
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The Role of Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells in Induction of Carbohydrate Reactive B Cells Tolerance Through the Programmed Death 1/Programmed Death Ligand 1 Pathway. Transplantation 2015; 99:2325-36. [PMID: 26247556 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000000831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A spontaneous tolerance of B cells responding to blood group antigens frequently develops in ABO-incompatible pediatric liver transplantation (LT). Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), which exclusively express blood group antigens in the liver, possess a capacity to induce alloantigen-specific tolerance. In this study, we elucidated the role of LSECs in the tolerance induction of blood group antigen-reactive B cells after ABO-incompatible LT using mice that lack galactose-α(1,3)galactose (Gal) epitopes resembling blood group carbohydrate antigens. METHODS Using adoptive transfer of LSECs from wild type (WT) C57BL/6J mice to congenic α1,3-galactosyltransferase gene knockout (GalT) mice, we established orthotropic GalT → GalT LSEC chimera mice. Anti-Gal Ab (antibody) production was evaluated after immunization of GalT → GalT LSEC chimera mice with Gal rabbit RBC. RESULTS Adoptive transfer of LSECs isolated from WT GalT mice via the portal vein resulted in persistent engraftment of Gal LSECs in congenic GalT mouse livers. Only when GalT mice were splenectomized before LSEC inoculation, the GalT → GalT LSEC chimera lost the ability to produce anti-Gal Abs. The administration of blocking monoclonal Abs (mAbs) against programmed death ligand 1 to the splenectomized GalT → GalT LSEC chimera resulted in the recovery of anti-Gal Ab production. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that LSECs take a part in tolerization of immature but not mature B cells specifically for Gal. Furthermore, the programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1 pathway likely plays a crucial role in the mechanisms underlying spontaneous tolerization of B cells responding to ABO-blood group antigens in LT.
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18
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Yoshida O, Kimura S, Dou L, Matta B, Yokota S, Stolz D, Geller D, Thomson AW. DAP12 deficiency in liver allografts results in enhanced donor DC migration, augmented effector T cell responses and abrogation of transplant tolerance. Am J Transplant 2014; 14:1791-805. [PMID: 24935196 PMCID: PMC4107008 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Liver interstitial dendritic cells (DC) have been implicated in immune regulation and tolerance induction. We found that the transmembrane immuno-adaptor DNAX-activating protein of 12 kDa (DAP12) negatively regulated conventional liver myeloid (m) DC maturation and their in vivo migratory and T cell allostimulatory ability. Livers were transplanted from C57BL/6(H2(b) ) (B6) WT or DAP12(-/-) mice into WT C3H (H2(k) ) recipients. Donor mDC (H2-K(b+) CD11c(+) ) were quantified in spleens by flow cytometry. Anti-donor T cell reactivity was evaluated by ex vivo carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester-mixed leukocyte reaction and delayed-type hypersensitivity responses, while T effector and regulatory T cells were determined by flow analysis. A threefold to fourfold increase in donor-derived DC was detected in spleens of DAP12(-/-) liver recipients compared with those given WT grafts. Moreover, pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression in the graft, interferon gamma (IFNγ) production by graft-infiltrating CD8(+) T cells and systemic levels of IFNγ were all elevated significantly in DAP12(-/-) liver recipients. DAP12(-/-) grafts also exhibited reduced incidences of CD4(+) Foxp3(+) cells and enhanced CD8(+) T cell IFNγ secretion in response to donor antigen challenge. Unlike WT grafts, DAP12(-/-) livers failed to induce tolerance and were rejected acutely. Thus, DAP12 expression in liver grafts regulates donor mDC migration to host lymphoid tissue, alloreactive T cell responses and transplant tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Yoshida
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - S. Kimura
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - L. Dou
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - B.M. Matta
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - S. Yokota
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - D.B. Stolz
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - D.A. Geller
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - A. W. Thomson
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA,Corresponding author: Angus W. Thomson PhD DSc Starzl Transplantation Institute University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine 200 Lothrop Street, W1540 BST Pittsburgh, PA 15261
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Stepanova AA, Karpova YD, Bozhok GA, Ustichenko VD, Lyupina YV, Legach EI, Vagida MS, Kazansky DB, Bondarenko TP, Sharova NP. [Proteasomes on thyroid tissue allotransplantation under induction of donor specific tolerance in rats]. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2014; 40:42-54. [PMID: 25898722 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162014010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The proteasomes in the liver of August rats (RT1C) were investigated 30 days after the allotransplantation of Wistar rat (RT1u) thyroid tissue under renal capsule with/without induction of donor specific tolerance by donor splenocyte intraportal administration. The level of the total proteasome pool, immune proteasomes containing the LMP2 and/or LMP7 subunits, proteasome 19S- and 11S-regulators was defined. The intact and sham-operated August rats were used as control groups. The level of all immune proteasome forms and 11S regulator increased while the level of the total proteasome pool and 19S regulator decreased in the liver of experimental animals compared to the control groups that indicated changes of liver functional state after transplantation. The 19S/11S ratio increased in the liver of non-tolerated rats compared to tolerated animals. In the liver of tolerated rats with survived transplants, the quantity of mononuclear cells, expressing the immune subunit LMP2, greatly increased in comparison with control and non-tolerated animals. Study of the survived transplants showed the increase of the ratio of LMP2/LMP7 immune subunits and 19S/11S regulators in them compared to the tissue replacing the rejected transplants. In the control intact thyroid tissue, the immune proteasomes were almost not revealed, while 19S/11S ratio was maximal. Thus, the development of the immune reaction or its suppression is accompanied by change of the balance between different proteasome forms. The immune subunit LMP7 and 11S regulator are connected with the response against donor tissue. On the contrary, the immune subunit LMP2 and 19S regulator are likely to be important for the immune tolerance development and survived tissue functioning. The low content of the immune proteasomes in the follicle cells was found by immunofluorescence assay. The formation of antigens for major histocompatibility complex class I molecules was impaired by low immune proteasome content that led to immunological tolerance to hormone-producing follicle cells.
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20
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Buonaguro L, Petrizzo A, Tagliamonte M, Tornesello ML, Buonaguro FM. Challenges in cancer vaccine development for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2013; 59:897-903. [PMID: 23714157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver malignancy, representing the third and fifth leading cause of death from cancer worldwide in men and women, respectively. The main risk factor for the development of HCC is the hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV) infection; non-viral causes (e.g., alcoholism and aflatoxin) are additional risk factors. HCC prognosis is generally poor because of the low effectiveness of available treatments and the overall 5-year survival rate is approximately 5-6%. In this framework, immunotherapeutic interventions, including cancer vaccines, may represent a novel and effective therapeutic tool. However, only few immunotherapy trials for HCC have been conducted so far with contrasting results, suggesting that improvements in several aspects of the immunotherapy approaches need to be implemented. In particular, identification of novel specific tumor antigens and evaluation of most advanced combinatorial strategies could result in unprecedented clinical outcomes with great beneficial effect for HCC patients. The state of the art in immunotherapy strategies for HCC and future perspectives are reported in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Buonaguro
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology, Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione Pascale" - IRCCS, Naples, Italy.
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Wu C, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Wang Q, Long Y, Wang C, Cao X, Chen G. Apoptotic cell administration enhances pancreatic islet engraftment by induction of regulatory T cells and tolerogenic dendritic cells. Cell Mol Immunol 2013; 10:393-402. [PMID: 23872920 PMCID: PMC4003193 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2013.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptotic cell transfer has been found to be able to facilitate engraftment of allograft. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully understood. Here we demonstrate that intravenous administration of donor apoptotic splenocytes can promote pancreatic islet engraftment by inducing generation of tolerogenic dendritic cells (Tol-DCs) and expansion of CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs). In vivo clearance of either dendritic cells (DCs) or Tregs prevented the induction of immune tolerance by apoptotic cell administration. Transient elimination of Tregs using anti-CD25, monoclonal antibody (mAb) abrogated the generation of Tol-DCs after administration of apoptotic splenocytes. Reciprocally, depletion of DCs within CD11c-DTR mice using diphtheria toxin (DT) prevented the generation of Tregs in the recipients with administration of apoptotic splenocytes. Induction of Tregs by Tol-DCs required direct cell contact between the two cell types, and programmed death 1 ligand (PD-L1) played important role in the Tregs expansion. Apoptotic cell administration failed to induce Tol-DCs in IL-10-deficient and Smad3-deficient mice, suggesting that IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) are needed to maintain DCs in the tolerogenic state. Therefore, we demonstrate that Tol-DCs promote the expansion of Tregs via PD-L1 on their surface and reciprocally Tregs facilitate Tol-DCs to maintain transplantation tolerance induced by apoptotic cells via secreting IL-10 and TGF-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wu
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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22
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Attenuation of Portal Hypertension by Continuous Portal Infusion of PGE1 and Immunologic Impact in Adult-to-Adult Living-Donor Liver Transplantation. Transplantation 2013; 95:1521-7. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e31829150a4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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23
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Zhang Q, Yan S, Wang W, Shen Y, Zhang M, Ding Y, Zheng S. Use of allograft for portomesenteric vein interposition in radical resection of pancreatic tumor. SURGICAL PRACTICE 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1744-1633.12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiyi Zhang
- Department of Surgery; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; China
| | - Sheng Yan
- Department of Surgery; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Department of Surgery; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; China
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of Surgery; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Surgery; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; China
| | - Yuan Ding
- Department of Surgery; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Department of Surgery; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; China
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Banshodani M, Onoe T, Shishida M, Tahara H, Hashimoto S, Igarashi Y, Tanaka Y, Ohdan H. Adoptive transfer of allogeneic liver sinusoidal endothelial cells specifically inhibits T-cell responses to cognate stimuli. Cell Transplant 2012; 22:1695-708. [PMID: 23050792 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x657738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is well known that liver allografts are often accepted by recipients, leading to donor-specific tolerance of further organ transplants, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We had previously used an in vitro model and showed that mouse liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) selectively suppress allospecific T-cells across major histocompatibility complex (MHC) barriers. In the present study, we established an in vivo model for evaluating the immunomodulatory effects of allogeneic LSECs on corresponding T-cells. Allogeneic BALB/cA LSECs were injected intraportally into recombination activating gene 2 γ-chain double-knockout (RAG2/gc-KO, H-2(b)) mice lacking T, B, and natural killer (NK) cells. In order to facilitate LSEC engraftment, the RAG2/gc-KO mice were injected intraperitoneally with monocrotaline 2 days before the adoptive transfer of LSECs; this impaired the host LSECs, conferring a proliferative advantage to the transplanted LSECs. After orthotopic allogeneic LSEC engraftment, the RAG2/gc-KO mice were immune reconstituted intravenously with C57BL/6 splenocytes. After immune reconstitution, mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assay using splenocytes from the recipients revealed that specific inhibition of host CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell proliferation was greater in response to allostimulation with irradiated BALB/cA splenocytes rather than to stimulation with irradiated third party SJL/jorllco splenocytes. This inhibitory effect was attenuated by administering anti-programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) monoclonal antibody during immune reconstitution in the above-mentioned mice, but not in RAG2/gc-KO mice engrafted with Fas ligand (FasL)-deficient BALB/cA LSECs. Furthermore, engraftment of allogeneic BALB/cA LSECs significantly prolonged the survival of subsequently grafted cognate allogeneic BALB/cA hearts in RAG2/gc-KO mice immune reconstituted with bone marrow transplantation from C57BL/6 mice. In conclusion, murine LSECs have been proven capable of suppressing T-cells with cognate specificity for LSECs in an in vivo model. The programmed death 1/PD-L1 pathway is likely involved in these suppressive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Banshodani
- Department of Surgery, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
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Paris LL, Chihara RK, Reyes LM, Sidner RA, Estrada JL, Downey SM, Milgrom DA, Tector AJ, Burlak C. ASGR1 expressed by porcine enriched liver sinusoidal endothelial cells mediates human platelet phagocytosis in vitro. Xenotransplantation 2011; 18:245-51. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3089.2011.00639.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
The demands that are imposed on the liver as a result of its function as a metabolic organ that extracts nutrients and clears gut-derived microbial products from the blood are met by a unique microanatomical and immunological environment. The inherent tolerogenicity of the liver and its role in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity are mediated by parenchymal and non-parenchymal antigen-presenting cells (APCs), cell-autonomous molecular pathways and locally produced factors. Here, we review the central role of liver APCs in the regulation of hepatic immune function and also consider how recent insights may be applied in strategies to target liver tolerance for disease therapy.
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Da Costa Martins R, Irache JM, Blasco JM, Muñoz MP, Marín CM, Jesús Grilló M, Jesús De Miguel M, Barberán M, Gamazo C. Evaluation of particulate acellular vaccines against Brucella ovis infection in rams. Vaccine 2010; 28:3038-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2009] [Revised: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Increased CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in tolerance induced by portal venous injection. Surgery 2009; 145:663-74. [PMID: 19486771 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2009.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2008] [Accepted: 01/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A portal vein injection (PVI) of allogeneic donor antigen is known to prolong the survival of a subsequently transplanted allograft; however, the underlying mechanism remains to be clarified. METHODS Irradiated C57BL/6 (B6) splenocytes were injected into BALB/c mice via the portal vein. Seven days after injection, the proportions of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells were determined in the blood, liver, and spleen. CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells were isolated from BALB/c mice that received PVI of B6 splenocytes (PVI mice), adoptively transferred into recipient BALB/c mice 1 day before B6 or third-party C3H heart transplantation, and graft survival was compared. B6 or C3H heart allografts were implanted into anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody (mAb)-treated PVI and untreated PVI mice, and graft survivals were compared. The percentages of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Treg, cytokine profiles, and ratios of apoptosis were determined in anti-CD25 mAb-treated PVI and untreated PVI mice. RESULTS PVI of allogeneic cells induced antigen-specific tolerance and increased the percentage of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Treg. Adoptive transfer of CD4(+) T cells, but not CD8(+) T cells, from PVI mice prolonged B6 heart allograft survival. Depletion of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells prevented the induction of tolerance and decreased the percentage of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Treg in the CD3(+) T-cell pool, and thus was associated with decreased production of interleukin (IL)-4 and apoptosis of T cells. CONCLUSION Increased CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Treg play an important role in portal vein tolerance induction, at least partly via increasing the production of IL-4 and decreasing apoptosis of T cells.
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Dhanireddy KK, Bruno DA, Weaver TA, Xu H, Zhang X, Leopardi FV, Hale DA, Kirk AD. Portal venous donor-specific transfusion in conjunction with sirolimus prolongs renal allograft survival in nonhuman primates. Am J Transplant 2009; 9:124-31. [PMID: 18976300 PMCID: PMC2756429 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2008.02448.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Pretransplant exposure to donor antigen is known to modulate recipient alloimmunity, and frequently results in sensitization. However, donor-specific transfusion (DST) can have a protolerant effect that is dependent on route, dose and coadministered immunosuppression. Rodent studies have shown in some strain combinations that portal venous (PV) DST alone can induce tolerance, and uncontrolled clinical use of PVDST has been reported. In order to determine if pretransplant PVDST has a clinically relevant salutary effect, we studied it and the influence of concomitant immunosuppression in rhesus monkeys undergoing renal allotransplantation. Animals received PVDST with unfractionated bone marrow and/or tacrolimus or sirolimus 1 week prior to transplantation. Graft survival was assessed without any posttransplant immunosuppression. PVDST alone or in combination with tacrolimus was ineffective. However, PVDST in combination with sirolimus significantly prolonged renal allograft survival to a mean of 24 days. Preoperative sirolimus alone had no effect, and peripheral DST with sirolimus prolonged graft survival in 2/4 animals, but resulted in accelerated rejection in 2/4 animals. These data demonstrate that PVDST in combination with sirolimus delays rejection in a modest but measurable way in a rigorous model. It may thus be a preferable method for donor antigen administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. K. Dhanireddy
- Transplantation Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD,Department of Surgery, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - D. A. Bruno
- Transplantation Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD,Department of Surgery, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - T. A. Weaver
- Transplantation Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD,Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - H. Xu
- Transplantation Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD
| | - X. Zhang
- Transplantation Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD
| | - F. V. Leopardi
- Transplantation Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD,Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - D. A. Hale
- Transplantation Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD
| | - A. D. Kirk
- Transplantation Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD,Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA,Corresponding author: Allan D. Kirk,
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Suppressive efficacy and proliferative capacity of human regulatory T cells in allogeneic and xenogeneic responses. Transplantation 2008; 86:1452-62. [PMID: 19034017 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e318188acb0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An understanding of the mechanisms that suppress the human anti-pig cellular response is key for xenotransplantation. We have compared the ability of human regulatory T cells (Tregs) to suppress xenogeneic and allogeneic responses in vitro. METHODS Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), CD4+ T cells, or CD4+ CD25- T cells were stimulated with irradiated human or wild type (WT) or alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase gene-knockout (GT-KO) pig PBMC in the presence or absence of human CD4+ CD25 high Tregs. In separate experiments, 5- (and 6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester-labeled human CD4+ T cells were stimulated with human or pig PBMC. The expansion and precursor frequencies of allo- and xenoreactive Tregs were assessed by labeling with FoxP3 mAb and flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS The responses of human PBMC, CD4+ T cells, and CD4+ CD25- T cells to pig PBMC were stronger than to human PBMC (P<0.05). Human anti-GT-KO responses were weaker than anti-WT responses (P<0.05). Human CD4+ CD25 high Tregs suppressed proliferation of CD4+ CD25- T cells to both human and pig PBMC stimulator cells with the same efficiency. Alloreactive CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3 high responder T cells proliferated more than their xenoreactive counterparts (P<0.05), although xenoreactive CD4+ CD25+ T cells proliferated more than alloreactive cells (P<0.05). There was no difference in precursor frequency between allo- and xeno-reactive CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3 high cells. CONCLUSIONS Human T-cell responses to pig cells are stronger than to allogeneic cells. The human response to GT-KO PBMC is weaker than to WT PBMC. Although human Tregs can suppress both responses, expansion of CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3 high cells against pig PBMC is weaker than against human PBMC. More human Tregs may be required to suppress the stronger xenogeneic response.
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Role of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells in Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cell-Induced Immunosuppression Among T Cells with Indirect Allospecificity. Transplantation 2008; 85:1060-4. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e31816a3372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Elvevold K, Smedsrød B, Martinez I. The liver sinusoidal endothelial cell: a cell type of controversial and confusing identity. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2008; 294:G391-400. [PMID: 18063708 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00167.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A look through the literature on liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) reveals that there are several conflicts among different authors of what this cell type is and does. Major controversies that will be highlighted in this review include aspects of the physiological role, the characterization, and the protocols of isolation and cultivation of these cells. Many of these conflicts may be ascribed to the fact that the cell was only recently established as a distinct cell type and that researchers from different disciplines tend to define their structure and function differently. This field is in need of a common platform to obtain a sound communication and a unified understanding of how to interpret novel research results. The aim of this review is to encourage scientists not to ignore the fact that there are, indeed, different opinions in the literature on LSECs. We also hope that this review will point out to the reader that some issues that may seem well established regarding our knowledge about the LSECs, in reality, are still unresolved and, indeed, controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjetil Elvevold
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
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Yan S, Zhang Q, Cai M, Yu D, Chen J, Yu P, Zhao Q, Zhou L, Hoffmann M, Zheng S. A novel model of portal vein transplantation in mice using two-cuff technique. Microsurgery 2008; 27:569-74. [PMID: 17705281 DOI: 10.1002/micr.20404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic portal vein (PV) grafts have been widely used for vascular reconstruction in the aggressive biliary-pancreatic surgery and partial liver transplantation. We developed a novel PV transplantation model aimed at studying the pathologic alteration of the grafts and further managements. The PV graft was implanted orthotopically into the recipient using two-cuff technique. A total of 80 PV transplants have been performed, and the overall survival rate for the recipients was 91.3% (73/80). Mice were randomly separated into isografts group, allografts group, and allografts group treated with CTLA4-Ig. PV grafts were harvested on the 1st, 2nd, 4th, and 8th postoperative week. The isografts remained intact vascular structure, and the allografts developed marked rejection with significant increase in wall thickness (95 +/- 19 microm vs. 49 +/- 7 microm; P < 0.01) and decrease in lumen area (1.9 +/- 1.1 x 10(4) microm(2) vs. 7.7 +/- 3.1 x 10(4) microm(2); P < 0.01) on the 4th week. In the CTLA4-Ig treated group, the vascular thickness and lumen area were significantly improved when compared with the untreated allografts (wall-thickness: 53 +/- 3 microm vs. 95 +/- 19 microm, P < 0.01; lumen area: 8.8 +/- 2.4 x 10(4) microm(2) vs. 1.9 +/- 1.1 x 10(4) microm(2), P < 0.01) on the 4th week. In conclusion, the PV transplantation model in mice using two-cuff technique is a feasible procedure with a high survival rate. The PV allografts responded well to the CTLA4-Ig therapy in our preliminary research by the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yan
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Cannon MJ, Davis JS, Pate JL. The class II major histocompatibility complex molecule BoLA-DR is expressed by endothelial cells of the bovine corpus luteum. Reproduction 2007; 133:991-1003. [PMID: 17616728 DOI: 10.1530/rep-06-0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cells expressing class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules are found within the corpus luteum (CL) of several species. Expression and localization of class II MHC molecules in the bovine CL were examined in the present study. Immunohistochemical evaluation revealed class II MHC molecules on single cells in early CL (days 4 and 5 post-estrus). Two class II MHC-expressing cell types were observed in midcycle CL (days 10–12 post-estrus), single cells similar to those observed in the early CL, and endothelial cells. Not all endothelial cells expressed class II MHC, and further investigation revealed expression of only one type of class II MHC molecule, DR, on endothelial cells. Class II MHC was also localized to endothelial cells in late CL (day 18 post-estrus). Steroidogenic luteal cells were negative for class II MHC throughout the estrous cycle. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed higher (P< 0.05) concentrations of mRNA encoding the α-subunit of DR (DRA) in late CL when compared with those in the early CL.DRAmRNA abundance was also measured in cultures of mixed luteal and luteal endothelial (CLENDO) cells, in the presence or absence of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF). No differences were found in theDRAmRNA concentration between mixed luteal and CLENDO cell cultures, and TNF had no effect onDRAmRNA concentration in both cell types. Expression of DR by endothelial cells of the midcycle CL may induce anergy of T lymphocytes, or stimulate them to secrete products that enhance normal luteal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Cannon
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
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Abstract
Antigen presentation by professional antigen-presenting cells (pAPCs) to cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells can occur via two processing routes - the direct and cross-presentation pathways. Cross-presentation of exogenous antigens in the context of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules has recently attracted a lot of research interest because it may prove crucial for vaccine development. This alternative pathway has been implicated in priming CD8(+) T-cell responses to pathogens as well as tumours in vivo (cross-priming). In cross-presentation, the internalized antigens can be processed through diverse intracellular routes. As many unresolved questions regarding the molecular basis that controls the cross-priming process still exist, it is essential to explore the various elements involved therein, to better elucidate this pathway. In this review, we summarize current data that explore how the source and nature of antigens could affect their cross-presentation. Moreover, we will discuss and outline how recent advances regarding pAPCs' properties have increased our appreciation of the complex nature of the cross-priming pathway in vivo. In conclusion, we contemplate how the direct and cross-presentation pathways can function to allow the immune system to deal efficiently with diverse pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Basta
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
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Antibodies to the C-type lectin, L-SIGN, as tentative therapeutic agents for induction of antigen-specific tolerance. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2007. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.17.2.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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