1
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Ossendorp F, Ho NI, Van Montfoort N. How B cells drive T-cell responses: A key role for cross-presentation of antibody-targeted antigens. Adv Immunol 2023; 160:37-57. [PMID: 38042585 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
In this review we discuss an underexposed mechanism in the adaptive immune system where B cell and T cell immunity collaborate. The main function of B cell immunity is the generation of antibodies which are well known for their high affinity and antigen-specificity. Antibodies can bind antigens in soluble form making so-called immune complexes (ICs) or can opsonize antigen-exposing cells or particles for degradation. This leads to well-known effector mechanisms complement activation, antibody-dependent cytotoxicity and phagocytosis. What is less realized is that antibodies can play an important role in the targeting of antigen to dendritic cells (DCs) and thereby can drive T cell immunity. Here we summarize the studies that described this highly efficient process of antibody-mediated antigen uptake in DCs in vitro and in vivo. Only very low doses of antigen can be captured by circulating antibodies and subsequently trapped by DCs in vivo. We studied the handling of these ICs by DCs in subcellular detail. Upon immune complex engulfment DCs can sustain MHC class I and II antigen presentation for many days. Cell biological analysis showed that this function is causally related to intracellular antigen-storage compartments which are functional endolysosomal organelles present in DCs. We speculate that this function is immunologically very important as DCs require time to migrate from the site of infection to the draining lymph nodes to activate T cells. The implications of these findings and the consequences for the immune system, immunotherapy with tumor-specific antibodies and novel vaccination strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferry Ossendorp
- Leiden University Medical Center, department of Immunology, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Nataschja I Ho
- Leiden University Medical Center, department of Immunology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nadine Van Montfoort
- Leiden University Medical Center, department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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2
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Li X, Eguchi T, Aly RG, Chintala NK, Tan KS, Zauderer MG, Dembitzer FR, Beasley MB, Ghebrehiwet B, Adusumilli PS, Peerschke EIB. Globular C1q Receptor (gC1qR/p32/HABP1) Is Overexpressed in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma and Is Associated With Increased Survival in Surgical Patients Treated With Chemotherapy. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1042. [PMID: 31681580 PMCID: PMC6799080 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Globular C1q receptor (gC1qR/p32/HABP1) is overexpressed in a variety of cancers, particularly adenocarcinomas. This study investigated gC1qR expression in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) and its pathophysiologic correlates in a surgical patient cohort. Methods: Tissue microarrays comprising 6 tumoral and 3 stromal cores from 265 patients with MPM (216 epithelioid, 26 biphasic, and 23 sarcomatoid; 1989–2010) were investigated by immunohistochemistry for gC1qR expression (intensity and distribution by H-score, range 0–300), and immune cell infiltration. Overall survival (OS) was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method (high vs. low gC1qR expression delineated by median score) in the whole cohort and by neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) status. Multivariable Cox analysis included stage, chemotherapy, and immune cell infiltration. Results: gC1qR was overexpressed in all histological types of MPMs (263/265, 99.2%) compared to normal pleura. In epithelioid MPM, high gC1qR expression was associated with better OS (median 25 vs. 11 months; p = 0.020) among NAC patients, and among patients without NAC (No-NAC) but who received post-operative chemotherapy (median OS 38 vs. 19 months; p = 0.0007). In multivariable analysis, high gC1qR expression was an independent factor for improved OS in patients treated with NAC. In the No-NAC cohort, high gC1qR expression correlated with lower tumor stage. Moreover, the influence of Ki67 and CD4 T-cell infiltration on OS were more pronounced among patients with high gC1qR expression. Conclusion: This is the first description of gC1qR expression in MPM. The data identify gC1qR as a potential new prognostic factor in patients treated with surgery and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Takashi Eguchi
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.,Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Rania G Aly
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Pathology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Navin K Chintala
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kay See Tan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Marjorie G Zauderer
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Francine R Dembitzer
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mary Beth Beasley
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Berhane Ghebrehiwet
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Prasad S Adusumilli
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.,Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ellinor I B Peerschke
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
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3
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van Dinther D, Veninga H, Iborra S, Borg EGF, Hoogterp L, Olesek K, Beijer MR, Schetters STT, Kalay H, Garcia-Vallejo JJ, Franken KL, Cham LB, Lang KS, van Kooyk Y, Sancho D, Crocker PR, den Haan JMM. Functional CD169 on Macrophages Mediates Interaction with Dendritic Cells for CD8 + T Cell Cross-Priming. Cell Rep 2019; 22:1484-1495. [PMID: 29425504 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Splenic CD169+ macrophages are located in the marginal zone to efficiently capture blood-borne pathogens. Here, we investigate the requirements for the induction of CD8+ T cell responses by antigens (Ags) bound by CD169+ macrophages. Upon Ag targeting to CD169+ macrophages, we show that BATF3-dependent CD8α+ dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial for DNGR-1-mediated cross-priming of CD8+ T cell responses. In addition, we demonstrate that CD169, a sialic acid binding lectin involved in cell-cell contact, preferentially binds to CD8α+ DCs and that Ag transfer to CD8α+ DCs and subsequent T cell activation is dependent on the sialic acid-binding capacity of CD169. Finally, functional CD169 mediates optimal CD8+ T cell responses to modified vaccinia Ankara virus infection. Together, these data indicate that the collaboration of CD169+ macrophages and CD8α+ DCs for the initiation of effective CD8+ T cell responses is facilitated by binding of CD169 to sialic acid containing ligands on CD8α+ DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieke van Dinther
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henrike Veninga
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Salvador Iborra
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ellen G F Borg
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leoni Hoogterp
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Katarzyna Olesek
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke R Beijer
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd T T Schetters
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hakan Kalay
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Juan J Garcia-Vallejo
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kees L Franken
- Department of Immunohematology and Bloodtransfusion, LUMC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lamin B Cham
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Karl S Lang
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Yvette van Kooyk
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David Sancho
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul R Crocker
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Joke M M den Haan
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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4
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Chakraborty S, Karasu E, Huber-Lang M. Complement After Trauma: Suturing Innate and Adaptive Immunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2050. [PMID: 30319602 PMCID: PMC6165897 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The overpowering effect of trauma on the immune system is undisputed. Severe trauma is characterized by systemic cytokine generation, activation and dysregulation of systemic inflammatory response complementopathy and coagulopathy, has been immensely instrumental in understanding the underlying mechanisms of the innate immune system during systemic inflammation. The compartmentalized functions of the innate and adaptive immune systems are being gradually recognized as an overlapping, interactive and dynamic system of responsive elements. Nonetheless the current knowledge of the complement cascade and its interaction with adaptive immune response mediators and cells, including T- and B-cells, is limited. In this review, we discuss what is known about the bridging effects of the complement system on the adaptive immune system and which unexplored areas could be crucial in understanding how the complement and adaptive immune systems interact following trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinjini Chakraborty
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ebru Karasu
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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5
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Fletcher EAK, van Maren W, Cordfunke R, Dinkelaar J, Codee JDC, van der Marel G, Melief CJM, Ossendorp F, Drijfhout JW, Mangsbo SM. Formation of Immune Complexes with a Tetanus-Derived B Cell Epitope Boosts Human T Cell Responses to Covalently Linked Peptides in an Ex Vivo Blood Loop System. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:87-97. [PMID: 29752315 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Enhancing T cell responses against both viral and tumor Ags requires efficient costimulation and directed delivery of peptide Ags into APCs. Long peptide vaccines are considered favorable vaccine moieties from a clinical perspective, as they can harbor more than one immunogenic epitope enabling treatment of a broader target population. In addition, longer peptides are not extracellularly loaded on MHC class I; rather, they require intracellular processing and will thereby be presented to T cells mainly by professional APCs, thereby avoiding the risk of tolerance induction. The drawback of peptide vaccines regardless of peptide length is that naked peptides are not actively targeted to and taken up by APCs, and the standard nonconjugated adjuvant-peptide mixtures do not ensure cotargeting of the two to the same APC. We have identified a tetanus toxin-derived B cell epitope that can mediate the formation of immune complexes in the presence of circulating Abs. In this study, we show that these immune complexes improve both Ag uptake by APCs (blood monocytes and CD1c+ dendritic cells) and consequently improve CD8+ T cell recall responses in a human ex vivo blood loop system. The uptake of the peptide conjugate by blood monocytes is dependent on Abs and the complement component C1q. We envision that this strategy can be used to facilitate active uptake of Ags into APCs to improve T cell responses against pathogens or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika A K Fletcher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Science for Life Laboratory, 751 24 Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Immuneed AB, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Wendy van Maren
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands; and
| | - Robert Cordfunke
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands; and
| | - Jasper Dinkelaar
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen D C Codee
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gijs van der Marel
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J M Melief
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands; and
| | - Ferry Ossendorp
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands; and
| | - Jan Wouter Drijfhout
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands; and
| | - Sara M Mangsbo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Science for Life Laboratory, 751 24 Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; .,Immuneed AB, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
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6
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Fransen MF, Benonisson H, van Maren WW, Sow HS, Breukel C, Linssen MM, Claassens JWC, Brouwers C, van der Kaa J, Camps M, Kleinovink JW, Vonk KK, van Heiningen S, Klar N, van Beek L, van Harmelen V, Daxinger L, Nandakumar KS, Holmdahl R, Coward C, Lin Q, Hirose S, Salvatori D, van Hall T, van Kooten C, Mastroeni P, Ossendorp F, Verbeek JS. A Restricted Role for FcγR in the Regulation of Adaptive Immunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018. [PMID: 29523656 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
By their interaction with IgG immune complexes, FcγR and complement link innate and adaptive immunity, showing functional redundancy. In complement-deficient mice, IgG downstream effector functions are often impaired, as well as adaptive immunity. Based on a variety of model systems using FcγR-knockout mice, it has been concluded that FcγRs are also key regulators of innate and adaptive immunity; however, several of the model systems underpinning these conclusions suffer from flawed experimental design. To address this issue, we generated a novel mouse model deficient for all FcγRs (FcγRI/II/III/IV-/- mice). These mice displayed normal development and lymphoid and myeloid ontogeny. Although IgG effector pathways were impaired, adaptive immune responses to a variety of challenges, including bacterial infection and IgG immune complexes, were not. Like FcγRIIb-deficient mice, FcγRI/II/III/IV-/- mice developed higher Ab titers but no autoantibodies. These observations indicate a redundant role for activating FcγRs in the modulation of the adaptive immune response in vivo. We conclude that FcγRs are downstream IgG effector molecules with a restricted role in the ontogeny and maintenance of the immune system, as well as the regulation of adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke F Fransen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hreinn Benonisson
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Wendy W van Maren
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Heng Sheng Sow
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Cor Breukel
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Margot M Linssen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jill W C Claassens
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Conny Brouwers
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jos van der Kaa
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel Camps
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem Kleinovink
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Kelly K Vonk
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra van Heiningen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ngaisah Klar
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lianne van Beek
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Vanessa van Harmelen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lucia Daxinger
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Kutty S Nandakumar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chris Coward
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | - Qingshun Lin
- Department of Pathology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Sachiko Hirose
- Toin Human Science and Technology Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toin University of Yokohama, Yokohama 225-8502, Japan
| | - Daniela Salvatori
- Department of Anatomy, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands; and
| | - Thorbald van Hall
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Cees van Kooten
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Piero Mastroeni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | - Ferry Ossendorp
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - J Sjef Verbeek
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands;
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7
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Ho NI, Camps MGM, de Haas EFE, Trouw LA, Verbeek JS, Ossendorp F. C1q-Dependent Dendritic Cell Cross-Presentation of In Vivo-Formed Antigen-Antibody Complexes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:4235-4243. [PMID: 28432146 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1602169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized in Ag engulfment via a wide variety of uptake receptors on their cell surface. In the present study we investigated Ag uptake and presentation of in vivo-formed Ag-Ab complexes by i.v. injecting mice with Ag-specific Abs followed by the cognate Ag. We show by this natural Ab-mediated Ag targeting system that uptake by splenic APC subsets is severely hampered in mice lacking complement factor C1q (C1qa-/-). Moreover, no detectable Ag cross-presentation by CD8α+ DCs from C1qa-/- mice was found. On the contrary, Ag uptake was not hampered by APCs in FcγRI/II/III/IV-deficient (FcγR quadruple-/-) mice, and the cross-presentation ability of CD8α+ DCs was not affected. In conclusion, we show that C1q rather than FcγRs controls the Ab-mediated Ag uptake and its presentation by spleen APC subsets to T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataschja I Ho
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel G M Camps
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Edwin F E de Haas
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Leendert A Trouw
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands; and
| | - J Sjef Verbeek
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ferry Ossendorp
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands;
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8
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Xue T, Liu P, Zhou Y, Liu K, Yang L, Moritz RL, Yan W, Xu LX. Interleukin-6 Induced "Acute" Phenotypic Microenvironment Promotes Th1 Anti-Tumor Immunity in Cryo-Thermal Therapy Revealed By Shotgun and Parallel Reaction Monitoring Proteomics. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:773-94. [PMID: 27162549 PMCID: PMC4860887 DOI: 10.7150/thno.14394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryo-thermal therapy has been emerged as a promising novel therapeutic strategy for advanced breast cancer, triggering higher incidence of tumor regression and enhanced remission of metastasis than routine treatments. To better understand its anti-tumor mechanism, we utilized a spontaneous metastatic mouse model and quantitative proteomics to compare N-glycoproteome changes in 94 serum samples with and without treatment. We quantified 231 highly confident N-glycosylated proteins using iTRAQ shotgun proteomics. Among them, 53 showed significantly discriminated regulatory patterns over the time course, in which the acute phase response emerged as the most enhanced pathway. The anti-tumor feature of the acute response was further investigated using parallel reaction monitoring target proteomics and flow cytometry on 23 of the 53 significant proteins. We found that cryo-thermal therapy reset the tumor chronic inflammation to an “acute” phenotype, with up-regulation of acute phase proteins including IL-6 as a key regulator. The IL-6 mediated “acute” phenotype transformed IL-4 and Treg-promoting ICOSL expression to Th1-promoting IFN-γ and IL-12 production, augmented complement system activation and CD86+MHCII+ dendritic cells maturation and enhanced the proliferation of Th1 memory cells. In addition, we found an increased production of tumor progression and metastatic inhibitory proteins under such “acute” environment, favoring the anti-metastatic effect. Moreover, cryo-thermal on tumors induced the strongest “acute” response compared to cryo/hyperthermia alone or cryo-thermal on healthy tissues, accompanying by the most pronounced anti-tumor immunological effect. In summary, we demonstrated that cryo-thermal therapy induced, IL-6 mediated “acute” microenvironment shifted the tumor chronic microenvironment from Th2 immunosuppressive and pro-tumorigenic to Th1 immunostimulatory and tumoricidal state. Moreover, the magnitude of “acute” and “danger” signals play a key role in determining the efficacy of anti-tumor activity.
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9
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Hirosue S, Dubrot J. Modes of Antigen Presentation by Lymph Node Stromal Cells and Their Immunological Implications. Front Immunol 2015; 6:446. [PMID: 26441957 PMCID: PMC4561840 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen presentation is no longer the exclusive domain of cells of hematopoietic origin. Recent works have demonstrated that lymph node stromal cell (LNSC) populations, such as fibroblastic reticular cells, lymphatic and blood endothelial cells, not only provide a scaffold for lymphocyte interactions but also exhibit active immunomodulatory roles that are critical to mounting and resolving effective immune responses. Importantly, LNSCs possess the ability to present antigens and establish antigen-specific interactions with T cells. One example is the expression of peripheral tissue antigens, which are presented on major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I molecules with tolerogenic consequences on T cells. Additionally, exogenous antigens, including self and tumor antigens, can be processed and presented on MHC-I complexes, which result in dysfunctional activation of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. While MHC-I is widely expressed on cells of both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic origins, antigen presentation via MHC-II is more precisely regulated. Nevertheless, LNSCs are capable of endogenously expressing, or alternatively, acquiring MHC-II molecules. Transfer of antigen between LNSC and dendritic cells in both directions has been recently suggested to promote tolerogenic roles of LNSCs on the CD4+ T cell compartment. Thus, antigen presentation by LNSCs is thought to be a mechanism that promotes the maintenance of peripheral tolerance as well as generates a pool of diverse antigen-experienced T cells for protective immunity. This review aims to integrate the current and emerging literature to highlight the importance of LNSCs in immune responses, and emphasize their role in antigen trafficking, retention, and presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Hirosue
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Juan Dubrot
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Université de Genève , Geneva , Switzerland
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10
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Beurskens FJ, van Schaarenburg RA, Trouw LA. C1q, antibodies and anti-C1q autoantibodies. Mol Immunol 2015; 68:6-13. [PMID: 26032012 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The complement system has long been known for its role in combating infections. More recently the complement system is becoming increasingly appreciated for its role in processes that range from waste transport, immune tolerance and shaping of the adaptive immune response. Antibodies represent the humoral part of the adaptive immune response and the complement system interacts with antibodies in several ways. Activated complement fragments impact on the production of antibodies, the complement system gets activated by antibodies and complement proteins can be the target of (auto)antibodies. In this review, written to celebrate the contributions of Prof. Dr. M.R. Daha to the field of immunology and especially complement, we will focus on C1q and its various interactions with antibodies. We will specifically focus on the mechanisms by which C1q will interact with monomeric IgG versus polymerized IgG and fluid-phase IgM versus solid-phase IgM. In addition in this review we will discuss in detail how C1q itself is targeted by autoantibodies and how these autoantibodies are currently considered to play a role in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leendert A Trouw
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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11
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Ellegård R, Crisci E, Burgener A, Sjöwall C, Birse K, Westmacott G, Hinkula J, Lifson JD, Larsson M. Complement opsonization of HIV-1 results in decreased antiviral and inflammatory responses in immature dendritic cells via CR3. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2014; 193:4590-601. [PMID: 25252956 PMCID: PMC4201991 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Immature dendritic cells (iDCs) in genital and rectal mucosa may be one of the first cells to come into contact with HIV-1 during sexual transmission of virus. HIV-1 activates the host complement system, which results in opsonization of virus by inactivated complement fragments, for example, iC3b. We investigated antiviral and inflammatory responses induced in human iDCs after exposure to free HIV-1 (F-HIV), complement-opsonized HIV-1 (C-HIV), and complement and Ab-opsonized HIV-1 (CI-HIV). F-HIV gave rise to a significantly higher expression of antiviral factors such as IFN-β, myxovirus resistance protein A, and IFN-stimulated genes, compared with C-HIV and CI-HIV. Additionally, F-HIV induced inflammatory factors such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, whereas these responses were weakened or absent after C-HIV or CI-HIV exposure. The responses induced by F-HIV were TLR8-dependent with subsequent activation of IFN regulatory factor 1, p38, ERK, PI3K, and NF-κB pathways, whereas these responses were not induced by C-HIV, which instead induced activation of IFN regulatory factor 3 and Lyn. This modulation of TLR8 signaling was mediated by complement receptor 3 and led to enhanced infection. The impact that viral hijacking of the complement system has on iDC function could be an important immune evasion mechanism used by HIV-1 to establish infection in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rada Ellegård
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Elisa Crisci
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Adam Burgener
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada; National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Christopher Sjöwall
- Division of Rheumatology/Autoimmunity and Immune Regulation Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden; and
| | - Kenzie Birse
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada; National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Garrett Westmacott
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Jorma Hinkula
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jeffrey D Lifson
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Marie Larsson
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden;
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12
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Trouw LA, Daha N, Kurreeman FAS, Böhringer S, Goulielmos GN, Westra HJ, Zhernakova A, Franke L, Stahl EA, Levarht EWN, Stoeken-Rijsbergen G, Verduijn W, Roos A, Li Y, Houwing-Duistermaat JJ, Huizinga TWJ, Toes REM. Genetic variants in the region of the C1q genes are associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 173:76-83. [PMID: 23607884 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodent models for arthritis implicate a role for complement in disease development and progression. In humans, complement deposition has been observed in inflamed synovia of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. In this study we analysed whether genetic variants of complement component C1q predispose to RA. We genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in and around the C1q genes, C1qA, C1qB and C1qC, in a Dutch set of 845 RA cases and 1046 controls. Replication was sought in a sample set from North America (868 cases/1193 controls), and a meta-analysis was performed in a combined samples set of 8000 cases and 23 262 controls of European descent. We determined C1q serum levels in relation to C1q genotypes. In the discovery phase, five of the 13 SNPs tested in the C1q genes showed a significant association with RA. Additional analysis of the genomic area around the C1q genes revealed that the strongest associating SNPs were confined to the C1q locus. Within the C1q locus we observed no additional signal independent of the strongest associating SNP, rs292001 [odds ratio (OR) = 0·72 (0·58-0·88), P = 0·0006]. The variants of this SNP were associated with different C1q serum levels in healthy controls (P = 0·006). Interestingly, this SNP was also associated significantly in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) from the North American Rheumatoid Arthritis Consortium study, confirming the association with RA [OR = 0·83 (0·69-1·00), P = 0·043]. Combined analysis, including integrated data from six GWAS studies, provides support for the genetic association. Genetic variants in C1q are correlated with C1q levels and may be a risk for the development of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Trouw
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.
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13
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Cross-presentation of IgG-containing immune complexes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 70:1319-34. [PMID: 22847331 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1100-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
IgG is a molecule that functionally combines facets of both innate and adaptive immunity and therefore bridges both arms of the immune system. On the one hand, IgG is created by adaptive immune cells, but can be generated by B cells independently of T cell help. On the other hand, once secreted, IgG can rapidly deliver antigens into intracellular processing pathways, which enable efficient priming of T cell responses towards epitopes from the cognate antigen initially bound by the IgG. While this process has long been known to participate in CD4(+) T cell activation, IgG-mediated delivery of exogenous antigens into a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I processing pathway has received less attention. The coordinated engagement of IgG with IgG receptors expressed on the cell-surface (FcγR) and within the endolysosomal system (FcRn) is a highly potent means to deliver antigen into processing pathways that promote cross-presentation of MHC class I and presentation of MHC class II-restricted epitopes within the same dendritic cell. This review focuses on the mechanisms by which IgG-containing immune complexes mediate such cross-presentation and the implications that this understanding has for manipulation of immune-mediated diseases that depend upon or are due to the activities of CD8(+) T cells.
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14
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van Montfoort N, Mangsbo SM, Camps MGM, van Maren WWC, Verhaart IEC, Waisman A, Drijfhout JW, Melief CJM, Verbeek JS, Ossendorp F. Circulating specific antibodies enhance systemic cross-priming by delivery of complexed antigen to dendritic cells in vivo. Eur J Immunol 2012; 42:598-606. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201141613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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Complement and non-complement activating functions of C1q: A prototypical innate immune molecule. Innate Immun 2011; 18:350-63. [DOI: 10.1177/1753425910396252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
C1q is a versatile innate immune molecule that serves as the initiation subcomponent of the classical complement pathway. In addition, it is also a potent pattern recognition molecule, the versatility of which has fuelled its functional flexibility. C1q recognises an array of self, non-self and altered-self ligands. The broad-spectrum ligand-binding potential of C1q is facilitated by the modular organisation of the heterotrimeric globular head region, its ability to change its conformation in a very subtle way, and the manner in which this ancient molecule appears to have evolved to deal with the different types of ligands. Over recent years, molecules that resemble C1q have been put together to form the C1q family. In this review, we briefly summarise complement-dependent and complement-independent functions of C1q, its cognate receptors and key members of the rapidly growing C1q family.
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16
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Kruijsen D, Bakkers MJ, van Uden NO, Viveen MC, van der Sluis TC, Kimpen JL, Leusen JH, Coenjaerts FE, van Bleek GM. Serum antibodies critically affect virus-specific CD4+/CD8+ T cell balance during respiratory syncytial virus infections. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:6489-98. [PMID: 20971927 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Following infection with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), reinfection in healthy individuals is common and presumably due to ineffective memory T cell responses. In peripheral blood of healthy adults, a higher CD4(+)/CD8(+) memory T cell ratio was observed compared with the ratio of virus-specific effector CD4(+)/CD8(+) T cells that we had found in earlier work during primary RSV infections. In mice, we show that an enhanced ratio of RSV-specific neutralizing to nonneutralizing Abs profoundly enhanced the CD4(+) T cell response during RSV infection. Moreover, FcγRs and complement factor C1q contributed to this Ab-mediated enhancement. Therefore, the increase in CD4(+) memory T cell response likely occurs through enhanced endosomal Ag processing dependent on FcγRs. The resulting shift in memory T cell response was likely amplified by suppressed T cell proliferation caused by RSV infection of APCs, a route important for Ag presentation via MHC class I molecules leading to CD8(+) T cell activation. Decreasing memory CD8(+) T cell numbers could explain the inadequate immunity during repeated RSV infections. Understanding this interplay of Ab-mediated CD4(+) memory T cell response enhancement and infection mediated CD8(+) memory T cell suppression is likely critical for development of effective RSV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debby Kruijsen
- Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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17
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Mosconi E, Rekima A, Seitz-Polski B, Kanda A, Fleury S, Tissandie E, Monteiro R, Dombrowicz DD, Julia V, Glaichenhaus N, Verhasselt V. Breast milk immune complexes are potent inducers of oral tolerance in neonates and prevent asthma development. Mucosal Immunol 2010; 3:461-74. [PMID: 20485331 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2010.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a chronic lung disease resulting from an inappropriate T helper (Th)-2 response to environmental antigens. Early tolerance induction is an attractive approach for primary prevention of asthma. Here, we found that breastfeeding by antigen-sensitized mothers exposed to antigen aerosols during lactation induced a robust and long-lasting antigen-specific protection from asthma. Protection was more profound and persistent than the one induced by antigen-exposed non-sensitized mothers. Milk from antigen-exposed sensitized mothers contained antigen-immunoglobulin (Ig) G immune complexes that were transferred to the newborn through the neonatal Fc receptor resulting in the induction of antigen-specific FoxP3(+) CD25(+) regulatory T cells. The induction of oral tolerance by milk immune complexes did not require the presence of transforming growth factor-beta in milk in contrast to tolerance induced by milk-borne free antigen. Furthermore, neither the presence of IgA in milk nor the expression of the inhibitory FcgammaRIIb in the newborn was required for tolerance induction. This study provides new insights on the mechanisms of tolerance induction in neonates and highlights that IgG immune complexes found in breast milk are potent inducers of oral tolerance. These observations may pave the way for the identification of key factors for primary prevention of immune-mediated diseases such as asthma.
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18
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Dunkelberger JR, Song WC. Role and mechanism of action of complement in regulating T cell immunity. Mol Immunol 2010; 47:2176-86. [PMID: 20603023 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2010.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Complement is a part of the innate immune system that contributes to first-line host defense. It is also implicated in a number of human inflammatory conditions and has attracted interest as a potential therapeutic target. Understanding the basic biology of complement and its mechanism(s) of action is imperative for developing complement-based treatments for infectious and autoimmune diseases. One of the exciting new developments in this regard is the revelation that complement plays an important role in T cell immunity. In this review, we highlight recent published studies implicating complement in models of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immune responses, and discuss its potential mechanism(s) action in these processes. We also comment on issues that may impact data interpretation and draw attention to their consideration in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Dunkelberger
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics and Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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19
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Bridging innate and adaptive antitumor immunity targeting glycans. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2010:354068. [PMID: 20617150 PMCID: PMC2896669 DOI: 10.1155/2010/354068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective immunotherapy for cancer depends on cellular responses to tumor antigens. The role of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in T-cell recognition and T-cell receptor repertoire selection has become a central tenet in immunology. Structurally, this does not contradict earlier findings that T-cells can differentiate between small hapten structures like simple glycans. Understanding T-cell recognition of antigens as defined genetically by MHC and combinatorially by T cell receptors led to the “altered self” hypothesis. This notion reflects a more fundamental principle underlying immune surveillance and integrating evolutionarily and mechanistically diverse elements of the immune system. Danger associated molecular patterns, including those generated by glycan remodeling, represent an instance of altered self. A prominent example is the modification of the tumor-associated antigen MUC1. Similar examples emphasize glycan reactivity patterns of antigen receptors as a phenomenon bridging innate and adaptive but also humoral and cellular immunity and providing templates for immunotherapies.
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20
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Nayak A, Ferluga J, Tsolaki AG, Kishore U. The non-classical functions of the classical complement pathway recognition subcomponent C1q. Immunol Lett 2010; 131:139-50. [PMID: 20381531 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2010.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Revised: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
C1q, the ligand recognition subcomponent of the classical complement pathway has steadily been gaining recognition as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. C1q has been shown to be involved in the modulation of various immune cells (such as dendritic cells, platelets, microglia cells and lymphocytes), clearance of apoptotic cells, a range of cell processes such as differentiation, chemotaxis, aggregation and adhesion, and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and systemic lupus erythematosus. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of C1q during pregnancy, coagulation process and embryonic development including neurological synapse function. It is intriguing to note that a prototypical defence molecule has so many diverse functions that probably have its origin in its versatility as a potent charge pattern recognition molecule, modularity within the ligand-recognising globular domain, and the redundancy of putative C1q receptors. The range of function that C1q has been shown to perform also provides clues for the undiscovered functions of a number of C1q family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annapurna Nayak
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Disease Mechanisms, Biosciences, School of Health Sciences and Social Care, Brunel University, Uxbridge, London UB8 3PH, UK
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21
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Li C, Wang W, Wang H, Zhong Y, Di J, Lin Y. Proteomic analysis of proteins differentially expressed in uterine lymphocytes obtained from wild-type and NOD mice. J Cell Biochem 2009; 108:447-57. [PMID: 19623579 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice exhibit impaired fertility and decreased litter size when compared to wild type (WT) mice. However, it is unclear why allogeneic pregnant NOD mice are prone to spontaneous embryo loss. Herein, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry (MS) were used to detect differentially expressed proteins in the uterine lymphocytes isolated from these mice and WT BALB/c controls. We found 24 differentially expressed proteins. The differential expression of 10 of these proteins was further confirmed by Western blot analysis. Out of the 24 identified proteins, 20 were expressed in uterine lymphocytes of WT mice at a level at least 2 times higher than in NOD mice, whereas 4 were down-regulated. Western blot analysis confirmed that 8 proteins were up-regulated and 2 proteins were down-regulated in WT mice compared with NOD mice, consistent with the results of 2-DE and MS. Additionally, most of the highly expressed proteins in WT uterine lymphocytes were expressed at a significantly lower level in the corresponding splenic group (17/20). These results suggest that up-regulated expression of these proteins may be specific to uterine lymphocytes. Reported functions of the highly expressed proteins affect key functions during pregnancy, including cell movement, cell cycle control, and metabolisms. Finally, we analyzed the constitutional ratio of CD3(+) and CD49b(+) cells in the isolated lymphocytes by flow cytometry. Our results suggest that the differentially expressed proteins may participate in the modulation of embryo implantation and early-stage development of embryos, and subsequently influence pregnancy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Li
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
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22
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Avirutnan P, Mehlhop E, Diamond MS. Complement and its role in protection and pathogenesis of flavivirus infections. Vaccine 2009; 26 Suppl 8:I100-7. [PMID: 19388173 PMCID: PMC2768071 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The complement system is a family of serum and cell surface proteins that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns, altered-self ligands, and immune complexes. Activation of the complement cascade triggers several antiviral functions including pathogen opsonization and/or lysis, and priming of adaptive immune responses. In this review, we will examine the role of complement activation in protection and/or pathogenesis against infection by Flaviviruses, with an emphasis on experiments with West Nile and Dengue viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panisadee Avirutnan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
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23
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Villani GRD, Di Domenico C, Musella A, Cecere F, Di Napoli D, Di Natale P. Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB: oxidative damage and cytotoxic cell involvement in the neuronal pathogenesis. Brain Res 2009; 1279:99-108. [PMID: 19409882 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2008] [Revised: 03/13/2009] [Accepted: 03/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sanfilippo B syndrome (Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB, MPS IIIB) is a lysosomal storage disease due to mutations in the gene encoding alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase and is characterized by a severe neurological disorder. Although several studies have been reported for the murine model of the disease, the molecular basis and the sequence of events leading to neurodegeneration remain to be clarified. We previously suggested the possible involvement of the reactive oxygen species in the disease pathogenesis. In the present paper we extended the analysis of oxidative stress by evaluating the production of superoxide ions throughout the CNS and by evaluating the effect of the stress on the cellular macromolecules. These approaches applied to one-month-old, three-month-old and six-month-old mice revealed that oxidative stress is present in the affected cerebrum and cerebellum tissues from one month from birth, and that it results primarily in protein oxidation, both in the cerebrum and cerebellum, with lipid peroxidation, and especially DNA oxidation, appearing milder and restricted essentially to the cerebellum. We also identified additional genes possibly associated with the neuropathology of MPS IIIB disease. Real time RT-PCR analysis revealed an altered expression of the Sod1, Ret, Bmp4, Tgfb, Gzmb and Prf1 genes. Since Gzmb and Prf1 are proteins secreted by NK/cytotoxic T-cells, these data suggest the involvement of cytotoxic cells in the neuronal pathogenesis. Extending our previous study, findings reported in the present paper show that oxidative stress and all the analyzed stress-related pathological changes occur very early in the disease course, most likely before one month of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmo R D Villani
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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24
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Flores-Langarica A, Sebti Y, Mitchell DA, Sim RB, MacPherson GG. Scrapie pathogenesis: the role of complement C1q in scrapie agent uptake by conventional dendritic cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:1305-13. [PMID: 19155476 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.182.3.1305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mice lacking complement components show delayed development of prion disease following peripheral inoculation. The delay could relate to reduced scrapie prion protein (PrP(Sc)) accumulation on follicular dendritic cells (DCs). However conventional DCs (cDCs) play a crucial role in the early pathogenesis of prion diseases and complement deficiency could result in decreased PrP(Sc) uptake by cDCs in the periphery. To explore this possibility, we cultured murine splenic or gut-associated lymph node cDCs with scrapie-infected whole brain homogenate in the presence or absence of complement. Uptake decreased significantly if the serum in the cultures was heat-inactivated. Because heat inactivation primarily denatures C1q, we used serum from C1q(-/-) mice and showed that PrP(Sc) uptake was markedly decreased. PrP(Sc) internalization was saturable and temperature-dependent, suggesting receptor-mediated uptake. Furthermore, uptake characteristics differed from fluid-phase endocytosis. Immunofluorescence showed colocalization of C1q and PrP(Sc), suggesting interaction between these molecules. We evaluated the expression of several complement receptors on cDCs and confirmed that cDCs that take up PrP(Sc) express one of the C1q receptors, calreticulin. Our results show that C1q participates in PrP(Sc) uptake by cDCs, revealing a critical role for cDCs in initial prion capture, an event that takes place before the PrP(Sc) accumulation within the follicular DC network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Flores-Langarica
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3RE Oxford, UK
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25
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Csencsits K, Burrell BE, Lu G, Eichwald EJ, Stahl GL, Bishop DK. The classical complement pathway in transplantation: unanticipated protective effects of C1q and role in inductive antibody therapy. Am J Transplant 2008; 8:1622-30. [PMID: 18557731 PMCID: PMC2587427 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2008.02295.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Though complement (C) deposition within the transplant is associated with allograft rejection, the pathways employed have not been established. In addition, evidence suggests that C-mediated cytolysis may be necessary for the tolerance-inducing activities of mAb therapies. Hence, we assessed the role of the classical C pathway in acute allograft rejection and its requirement for experimental mAb therapies. C1q-deficient (C1q-/-) recipients rejected allografts at a faster rate than wild-type (WT) recipients. This rejection was associated with exacerbated graft pathology but not with enhanced T-cell responses in C1q-/- recipients. However, the humoral response to donor alloantigens was accelerated in C1q-/- mice, as an early IgG response and IgG deposition within the graft were observed. Furthermore, deposition of C3d, but not C4d was observed in grafts isolated from C1q-/- recipients. To assess the role of the classical C pathway in inductive mAb therapies, C1q-/- recipients were treated with anti-CD4 or anti-CD40L mAb. The protective effects of anti-CD4 mAb were reduced in C1q-/- recipients, however, this effect did not correlate with ineffective depletion of CD4+ cells. In contrast, the protective effects of anti-CD40L mAb were less compromised in C1q-/- recipients. Hence, this study reveals unanticipated roles for C1q in the rejection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Csencsits
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,*Corresponding Author: Keri Csencsits, Ph.D., Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 2.250 MSB, 6431 Fannin, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, Phone: 713-500-7235//Fax: 713-500-0574,
| | - B. E. Burrell
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - G. Lu
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - E. J. Eichwald
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132
| | - G. L. Stahl
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - D. K. Bishop
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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26
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Dhodapkar MV, Dhodapkar KM, Li Z. Role of chaperones and FcgammaR in immunogenic death. Curr Opin Immunol 2008; 20:512-7. [PMID: 18572395 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2008.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2008] [Revised: 05/07/2008] [Accepted: 05/08/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell death under physiologic conditions does not lead to the induction of immunity. However recognition of stressed or opsonized cells can trigger immune responses. Recent studies have begun to illustrate the critical role of molecular chaperones such as inducible heat shock proteins in mediating immunogenicity of stressed cells. Immunity to opsonized cells depends in part on the engagement and the balance of activating and inhibitory FcgammaRs on antigen presenting dendritic cells. Understanding both these pathways of immunogenic cell death may yield novel approaches to regulate immunity.
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27
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Cummings KL, Waggoner SN, Tacke R, Hahn YS. Role of complement in immune regulation and its exploitation by virus. Viral Immunol 2008; 20:505-24. [PMID: 18158725 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2007.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Complement is activated during the early phase of viral infection and promotes destruction of virus particles as well as the initiation of inflammatory responses. Recently, complement and complement receptors have been reported to play an important role in the regulation of innate as well as adaptive immune responses during infection. The regulation of host immune responses by complement involves modulation of dendritic cell activity in addition to direct effects on T-cell function. Intriguingly, many viruses encode homologs of complement regulatory molecules or proteins that interact with complement receptors on antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes. The evolution of viral mechanisms to alter complement function may augment pathogen persistence and limit immune-mediated tissue destruction. These observations suggest that complement may play an important role in both innate and adaptive immune responses to infection as well as virus-mediated modulation of host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara L Cummings
- Beirne Carter Center for Immunology Research and Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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