1
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Schaff L, Nayak L, Grommes C. Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors for the treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL): current progress and latest advances. Leuk Lymphoma 2024; 65:882-894. [PMID: 38597202 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2024.2333985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The incidence of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) has steadily increased, particularly in elderly patients. Although highly responsive to first-line chemotherapy and radiotherapy, approximately 50% of patients relapse or become refractory within 1 year. Prognosis following relapse is dismal and no standard salvage therapy exists. Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), a key regulator of the B-cell receptor (BCR) pathway, has emerged as a promising therapeutic target. The first BTK inhibitor ibrutinib has been evaluated in the relapsed/refractory PCNSL setting, with overall response rates of 51.9%-89.0% and median progression-free survival of 4.6-4.8 months. However, ibrutinib inhibits several kinases in addition to BTK, leading to off-target effects. Second-generation BTK inhibitors have since been developed, which afford greater selectivity for BTK and fewer off-target effects. We review current practices in the diagnosis and evaluation of PCNSL, as well as clinical trials of BTK inhibitors in PCNSL and future developments in PCNSL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Schaff
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lakshmi Nayak
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christian Grommes
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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2
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Kalmbach S, Grau M, Zapukhlyak M, Leich E, Jurinovic V, Hoster E, Staiger AM, Kurz KS, Weigert O, Gaitzsch E, Passerini V, Engelhard M, Herfarth K, Beiske K, Micci F, Möller P, Bernd HW, Feller AC, Klapper W, Stein H, Hansmann ML, Hartmann S, Dreyling M, Holte H, Lenz G, Rosenwald A, Ott G, Horn H. Novel insights into the pathogenesis of follicular lymphoma by molecular profiling of localized and systemic disease forms. Leukemia 2023; 37:2058-2065. [PMID: 37563306 PMCID: PMC10539171 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-01995-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge on the pathogenesis of FL is mainly based on data derived from advanced/systemic stages of FL (sFL) and only small cohorts of localized FL (lFL) have been characterized intensively so far. Comprehensive analysis with profiling of somatic copy number alterations (SCNA) and whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed in 147 lFL and 122 sFL. Putative targets were analyzed for gene and protein expression. Overall, lFL and sFL, as well as BCL2 translocation-positive (BCL2+) and -negative (BCL2-) FL showed overlapping features in SCNA and mutational profiles. Significant differences between lFL and sFL, however, were detected for SCNA frequencies, e.g., in 18q-gains (14% lFL vs. 36% sFL; p = 0.0003). Although rare in lFL, gains in 18q21 were associated with inferior progression-free survival (PFS). The mutational landscape of lFL and sFL included typical genetic lesions. However, ARID1A mutations were significantly more often detected in sFL (29%) compared to lFL (6%, p = 0.0001). In BCL2 + FL mutations in KMT2D, BCL2, ABL2, IGLL5 and ARID1A were enriched, while STAT6 mutations more frequently occurred in BCL2- FL. Although the landscape of lFL and sFL showed overlapping features, molecular profiling revealed novel insights and identified gains in 18q21 as prognostic marker in lFL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Kalmbach
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Robert-Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Grau
- Department of Medicine A, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Myroslav Zapukhlyak
- Department of Medicine A, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ellen Leich
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg and Comprehensive Cancer Center Main, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vindi Jurinovic
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Hoster
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Annette M Staiger
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Robert-Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katrin S Kurz
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Robert-Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Oliver Weigert
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Erik Gaitzsch
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Verena Passerini
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marianne Engelhard
- Department for Radiotherapy, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Klaus Herfarth
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Beiske
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen center for B cell malignancies, Oslo, Norway
| | - Francesca Micci
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter Möller
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Wolfram Klapper
- Institute of Pathology, Hematopathology Section and Lymph Node Registry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | - Sylvia Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Martin Dreyling
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Harald Holte
- KG Jebsen center for B cell malignancies, Oslo, Norway
| | - Georg Lenz
- Department of Medicine A, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Rosenwald
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg and Comprehensive Cancer Center Main, Würzburg, Germany
| | - German Ott
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Robert-Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany.
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Heike Horn
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Robert-Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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3
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Fisher JG, Doyle ADP, Graham LV, Sonar S, Sale B, Henderson I, Del Rio L, Johnson PWM, Landesman Y, Cragg MS, Forconi F, Walker CJ, Khakoo SI, Blunt MD. XPO1 inhibition sensitises CLL cells to NK cell mediated cytotoxicity and overcomes HLA-E expression. Leukemia 2023; 37:2036-2049. [PMID: 37528310 PMCID: PMC10539165 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-01984-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The first-in-class inhibitor of exportin-1 (XPO1) selinexor is currently under clinical investigation in combination with the BTK inhibitor ibrutinib for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) or non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Selinexor induces apoptosis of tumour cells through nuclear retention of tumour suppressor proteins and has also recently been described to modulate natural killer (NK) cell and T cell cytotoxicity against lymphoma cells. Here, we demonstrate that XPO1 inhibition enhances NK cell effector function against primary CLL cells via downregulation of HLA-E and upregulation of TRAIL death receptors DR4 and DR5. Furthermore, selinexor potentiates NK cell activation against CLL cells in combination with several approved treatments; acalabrutinib, rituximab and obinutuzumab. We further demonstrate that lymph node associated signals (IL-4 + CD40L) inhibit NK cell activation against CLL cells via upregulation of HLA-E, and that inhibition of XPO1 can overcome this protective effect. These findings allow for the design of more efficacious combination strategies to harness NK cell effector functions against CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack G Fisher
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Amber D P Doyle
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Lara V Graham
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Shreyanshi Sonar
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ben Sale
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Isla Henderson
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Luis Del Rio
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Peter W M Johnson
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Mark S Cragg
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Francesco Forconi
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Haematology Department, Cancer Care Directorate, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Salim I Khakoo
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Matthew D Blunt
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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4
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Ogishi M, Yang R, Rodriguez R, Golec DP, Martin E, Philippot Q, Bohlen J, Pelham SJ, Arias AA, Khan T, Ata M, Al Ali F, Rozenberg F, Kong XF, Chrabieh M, Laine C, Lei WT, Han JE, Seeleuthner Y, Kaul Z, Jouanguy E, Béziat V, Youssefian L, Vahidnezhad H, Rao VK, Neven B, Fieschi C, Mansouri D, Shahrooei M, Pekcan S, Alkan G, Emiroğlu M, Tokgöz H, Uitto J, Hauck F, Bustamante J, Abel L, Keles S, Parvaneh N, Marr N, Schwartzberg PL, Latour S, Casanova JL, Boisson-Dupuis S. Inherited human ITK deficiency impairs IFN-γ immunity and underlies tuberculosis. J Exp Med 2023; 220:213662. [PMID: 36326697 PMCID: PMC9641312 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Inborn errors of IFN-γ immunity can underlie tuberculosis (TB). We report three patients from two kindreds without EBV viremia or disease but with severe TB and inherited complete ITK deficiency, a condition associated with severe EBV disease that renders immunological studies challenging. They have CD4+ αβ T lymphocytopenia with a concomitant expansion of CD4-CD8- double-negative (DN) αβ and Vδ2- γδ T lymphocytes, both displaying a unique CD38+CD45RA+T-bet+EOMES- phenotype. Itk-deficient mice recapitulated an expansion of the γδ T and DN αβ T lymphocyte populations in the thymus and spleen, respectively. Moreover, the patients' T lymphocytes secrete small amounts of IFN-γ in response to TCR crosslinking, mitogens, or forced synapse formation with autologous B lymphocytes. Finally, the patients' total lymphocytes secrete small amounts of IFN-γ, and CD4+, CD8+, DN αβ T, Vδ2+ γδ T, and MAIT cells display impaired IFN-γ production in response to BCG. Inherited ITK deficiency undermines the development and function of various IFN-γ-producing T cell subsets, thereby underlying TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Ogishi
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY.,The David Rockefeller Graduate Program, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Rui Yang
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Rémy Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV Infection, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Dominic P Golec
- Cell Signaling and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Emmanuel Martin
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV Infection, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Quentin Philippot
- Imagine Institute, University of Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France
| | - Jonathan Bohlen
- Imagine Institute, University of Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France
| | - Simon J Pelham
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Andrés Augusto Arias
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY.,Primary Immunodeficiencies Group, University of Antioquia UdeA, Medellin, Colombia.,School of Microbiology, University of Antioquia UdeA, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Taushif Khan
- Department of Immunology, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Manar Ata
- Department of Immunology, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fatima Al Ali
- Department of Immunology, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Flore Rozenberg
- Department of Virology, Cochin Hospital, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Xiao-Fei Kong
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Maya Chrabieh
- Imagine Institute, University of Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France
| | - Candice Laine
- Imagine Institute, University of Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France
| | - Wei-Te Lei
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Ji Eun Han
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Yoann Seeleuthner
- Imagine Institute, University of Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France
| | - Zenia Kaul
- Cell Signaling and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Emmanuelle Jouanguy
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY.,Imagine Institute, University of Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France
| | - Vivien Béziat
- Imagine Institute, University of Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France
| | - Leila Youssefian
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, PA.,Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Hassan Vahidnezhad
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, PA.,Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - V Koneti Rao
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Bénédicte Neven
- Pediatric Immunology and Hematology Department, Necker Hospital for Sick Children Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Claire Fieschi
- Clinical Immunology Department, Saint Louis Hospital, AP-HP Université de Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR1126, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Davood Mansouri
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shahrooei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sevgi Pekcan
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey
| | - Gulsum Alkan
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Melike Emiroğlu
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Tokgöz
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Jouni Uitto
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, PA.,Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Fabian Hauck
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV Infection, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, University of Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Division of Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jacinta Bustamante
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY.,Imagine Institute, University of Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France.,Center for the Study of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Laurent Abel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY.,Imagine Institute, University of Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France
| | - Sevgi Keles
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey
| | - Nima Parvaneh
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nico Marr
- Department of Immunology, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.,College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Pamela L Schwartzberg
- Cell Signaling and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sylvain Latour
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV Infection, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY.,Imagine Institute, University of Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France.,Department of Pediatrics, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY
| | - Stéphanie Boisson-Dupuis
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY.,Imagine Institute, University of Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France
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5
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Yano M, Byrd JC, Muthusamy N. Natural Killer Cells in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Functional Impairment and Therapeutic Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235787. [PMID: 36497266 PMCID: PMC9739887 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy approaches have advanced rapidly in recent years. While the greatest therapeutic advances so far have been achieved with T cell therapies such as immune checkpoint blockade and CAR-T, recent advances in NK cell therapy have highlighted the therapeutic potential of these cells. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the most prevalent form of leukemia in Western countries, is a very immunosuppressive disease but still shows significant potential as a target of immunotherapy, including NK-based therapies. In addition to their antileukemia potential, NK cells are important immune effectors in the response to infections, which represent a major clinical concern for CLL patients. Here, we review the interactions between NK cells and CLL, describing functional changes and mechanisms of CLL-induced NK suppression, interactions with current therapeutic options, and the potential for therapeutic benefit using NK cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Yano
- Medical Science Training Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - John C. Byrd
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Correspondence: (J.C.B.); (N.M.)
| | - Natarajan Muthusamy
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Correspondence: (J.C.B.); (N.M.)
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6
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Yin Z, Zou Y, Wang D, Huang X, Xiong S, Cao L, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Zhang N. Regulation of the Tec family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases in cardiovascular disease. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:119. [PMID: 35296647 PMCID: PMC8927484 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00927-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine phosphorylation by protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) is a type of post-translational modification. Tec kinases, which are a subfamily of non-receptor PTKs, were originally discovered in the hematopoietic system and include five members: Tec, Btk, Itk/Emt/Tsk, Etk/Bmx, and Txk/Rlk. With the progression of modern research, certain members of the Tec family of kinases have been found to be expressed outside the hematopoietic system and are involved in the development and progression of a variety of diseases. The role of Tec family kinases in cardiovascular disease is receiving increasing attention. Tec kinases are involved in the occurrence and progression of ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis, cardiac dysfunction associated with sepsis, atrial fibrillation, myocardial hypertrophy, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, and myocardial infarction and post-myocardial. However, no reviews have comprehensively clarified the role of Tec kinases in the cardiovascular system. Therefore, this review summarizes research on the role of Tec kinases in cardiovascular disease, providing new insights into the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Yin
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuanming Zou
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xinyue Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shengjun Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Liu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Naijin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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7
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Egyed M, Lueff S, Borbely J, Illes A. Acalabrutinib and its use in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Future Oncol 2022; 18:755-769. [PMID: 35139644 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-0602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors have changed the treatment landscape for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma dramatically. In 2019, acalabrutinib was approved by the US FDA for the treatment of treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory CLL and MCL. Acalabrutinib monotherapy was found to be effective and safe in CLL patients. In ASCEND and ELEVATE treatment-naive studies, acalabrutinib monotherapy and the combination with obinutuzumab demonstrated improved efficacy and an acceptable safety profile. The triple combination with venetoclax showed a high rate of molecular remission without an impaired safety profile. Adverse events, with an occurrence rate of >20%, were as follows: grade 1-2 myelosuppression, gastrointestinal toxicity, rash, constitutional symptoms; grade 3 or 4 toxicities were syncope, pneumonia, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklos Egyed
- Department of Hematology, Somogy County Moritz Kaposi General Hospital, Kaposvar, Hungary
| | - Sandor Lueff
- Department of Hematology, Somogy County Moritz Kaposi General Hospital, Kaposvar, Hungary
| | | | - Arpad Illes
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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8
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Lau CM, Wiedemann GM, Sun JC. Epigenetic regulation of natural killer cell memory. Immunol Rev 2022; 305:90-110. [PMID: 34908173 PMCID: PMC8955591 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Immunological memory is the underlying mechanism by which the immune system remembers previous encounters with pathogens to produce an enhanced secondary response upon re-encounter. It stands as the hallmark feature of the adaptive immune system and the cornerstone of vaccine development. Classic recall responses are executed by conventional T and B cells, which undergo somatic recombination and modify their receptor repertoire to ensure recognition of a vast number of antigens. However, recent evidence has challenged the dogma that memory responses are restricted to the adaptive immune system, which has prompted a reevaluation of what delineates "immune memory." Natural killer (NK) cells of the innate immune system have been at the forefront of these pushed boundaries, and have proved to be more "adaptable" than previously thought. Like T cells, we now appreciate that their "natural" abilities actually require a myriad of signals for optimal responses. In this review, we discuss the many signals required for effector and memory NK cell responses and the epigenetic mechanisms that ultimately endow their enhanced features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen M. Lau
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gabriela M. Wiedemann
- Department of Internal Medicine II, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Joseph C. Sun
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA,Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
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9
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Xu M, Huang S, Chen J, Xu W, Xiang R, Piao Y, Zhao S. Cytotoxic lymphocytes-related gene ITK from a systematic CRISPR screen could predict prognosis of ovarian cancer patients with distant metastasis. J Transl Med 2021; 19:447. [PMID: 34702300 PMCID: PMC8549276 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03119-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer, a highly metastatic malignancy, has benefited tremendously from advances in modern human genomics. However, the genomic variations related to the metastasis remains unclear. Methods We filtered various significant genes (n = 6722) associated with metastasis within a large-scale functional genomic CRISPR/Cas9 knock-out library including 122,756 single guide RNAs, and identified ITK (IL2 Inducible T Cell Kinase) as a potential cancer suppressor gene for ovarian cancer metastasis. Downstream bioinformatic analysis was performed for ITK using public databases. Results We found that patients in low-ITK group had poor prognosis and more distant metastasis than those in high-ITK group in TCGA and GEO databases. We also demonstrated that ITK combined with the clinical factors could accurately predict prognosis through multiple Cox regression analysis and ROC analysis. Moreover, alterations correlated with distant metastasis emereged with significantly increased expression in SAMRCD1 in low-ITK group, but CD244 and SOCS1 in high-ITK group. Integrated analysis revealed dysregulated molecular processes including predominantly oncogenic signaling pathways in low-ITK group but immune related pathways in high-ITK group, which suggested ITK might inhibit distant metastasis in ovarian cancer. Furtherly, deconvolution of the cellular composition of all samples validated the close correlation between ITK and immune related function especially for cytotoxic lymphocytes. Conclusions Together, these data provide insights into the potential role of ITK, with implications for the future development of tansformative ovarian cancer therapeutics. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-03119-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Xu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shan Huang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Tianhe District, 613 West Huangpu Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Wanxue Xu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Rong Xiang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yongjun Piao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin, China.
| | - Shuangtao Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China.
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10
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Zhu S, Gokhale S, Jung J, Spirollari E, Tsai J, Arceo J, Wu BW, Victor E, Xie P. Multifaceted Immunomodulatory Effects of the BTK Inhibitors Ibrutinib and Acalabrutinib on Different Immune Cell Subsets - Beyond B Lymphocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:727531. [PMID: 34485307 PMCID: PMC8414982 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.727531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical success of the two BTK inhibitors, ibrutinib and acalabrutinib, represents a major breakthrough in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and has also revolutionized the treatment options for other B cell malignancies. Increasing evidence indicates that in addition to their direct effects on B lymphocytes, both BTK inhibitors also directly impact the homeostasis, phenotype and function of many other cell subsets of the immune system, which contribute to their high efficacy as well as adverse effects observed in CLL patients. In this review, we attempt to provide an overview on the overlapping and differential effects of ibrutinib and acalabrutinib on specific receptor signaling pathways in different immune cell subsets other than B cells, including T cells, NK cells, monocytes, macrophages, granulocytes, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, dendritic cells, osteoclasts, mast cells and platelets. The shared and distinct effects of ibrutinib versus acalabrutinib are mediated through BTK-dependent and BTK-independent mechanisms, respectively. Such immunomodulatory effects of the two drugs have fueled myriad explorations of their repurposing opportunities for the treatment of a wide variety of other human diseases involving immune dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sining Zhu
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States.,Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Samantha Gokhale
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States.,Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Jaeyong Jung
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States.,Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Eris Spirollari
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Jemmie Tsai
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Johann Arceo
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Ben Wang Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Eton Victor
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Ping Xie
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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11
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Maadi H, Soheilifar MH, Choi WS, Moshtaghian A, Wang Z. Trastuzumab Mechanism of Action; 20 Years of Research to Unravel a Dilemma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143540. [PMID: 34298754 PMCID: PMC8303665 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Trastuzumab as a first HER2-targeted therapy for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer patients was introduced in 1998. Although trastuzumab has opened a new avenue to treat patients with HER2-positive breast cancer and other types of cancer, some patients are not responsive or become resistant to this treatment. So far, several mechanisms have been suggested for the mode of action of trastuzumab; however, the findings regarding these mechanisms are controversial. In this review, we aimed to provide a detailed insight into the various mechanisms of action of trastuzumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Maadi
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (H.M.); (W.-S.C.)
| | - Mohammad Hasan Soheilifar
- Department of Medical Laser, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran 1315795613, Iran;
| | - Won-Shik Choi
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (H.M.); (W.-S.C.)
| | - Abdolvahab Moshtaghian
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar 4741695447, Iran;
- Deputy of Research and Technology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 3514799442, Iran
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Signal, Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
- Correspondence:
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12
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Palma M, Mulder TA, Österborg A. BTK Inhibitors in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Biological Activity and Immune Effects. Front Immunol 2021; 12:686768. [PMID: 34276674 PMCID: PMC8282344 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.686768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bruton´s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor (BTKi)s block the B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling cascade by binding to the BTK enzyme preventing the proliferation and survival of malignant and normal B cells. During the past decade, the clinical use of BTKis for the treatment of B-cell malignancies has exponentially grown, changing the treatment landscape for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in particular. At present, three different covalent BTKis, ibrutinib, acalabrutinib and zanubrutinib, are FDA-approved and many new inhibitors are under development. Despite having remarkable selectivity for BTK, the first-in-class BTKi ibrutinib can also bind, with various affinities, to other kinases. The combined inhibition of BTK (“on-target” effect) and other kinases (“off-target” effect) can have additive or synergistic anti-tumor effects but also induce undesired side effects which might be treatment-limiting. Such “off-target” effects are expected to be more limited for second-generation BTKis. Moreover, the blockade of BCR signaling also indirectly affects the tumor microenvironment in CLL. Treatment with BTKis potentially impacts on both innate and adaptive immunity. Whether this affects infection susceptibility and vaccination efficacy requires further investigation. Here, we summarize the available knowledge on the impact of BTKis on the immune system and discuss the possible clinical implications. Indeed, a deeper knowledge on this topic could guide clinicians in the management and prevention of infections in patients with CLL treated with BTKis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Palma
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tom A Mulder
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Österborg
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Immune recovery in patients with mantle cell lymphoma receiving long-term ibrutinib and venetoclax combination therapy. Blood Adv 2021; 4:4849-4859. [PMID: 33031542 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Combination venetoclax plus ibrutinib for the treatment of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) has demonstrated efficacy in the relapsed or refractory setting; however, the long-term impact on patient immunology is unknown. In this study, changes in immune subsets of MCL patients treated with combination venetoclax and ibrutinib were assessed over a 4-year period. Multiparameter flow cytometry of peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed that ≥12 months of treatment resulted in alterations in the proportions of multiple immune subsets, most notably CD4+ and CD8+ effector and central memory T cells and natural killer cells, and normalization of T-cell cytokine production in response to T-cell receptor stimulation. Gene expression analysis identified upregulation of multiple myeloid genes (including S100 and cathepsin family members) and inflammatory pathways over 12 months. Four patients with deep responses stopped study drugs, resulting in restoration of normal immune subsets for all study parameters except myeloid gene/pathway expression, suggesting long-term combination venetoclax and ibrutinib irreversibly affects this population. Our findings demonstrate that long-term combination therapy is associated with immune recovery in MCL, which may allow responses to subsequent immunotherapies and suggests that this targeted therapy results in beneficial impacts on immunological recovery. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02471391.
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14
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Ran F, Liu Y, Chen X, Zhuo H, Xu C, Li Y, Duan X, Zhao G. Design and synthesis of novel substituted benzyl pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives as selective BTK inhibitors for treating mantle cell lymphoma. Bioorg Chem 2021; 112:104968. [PMID: 34000704 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ibrutinib, a potent irreversible Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, was approved by the FDA for treating mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Although ibrutinib exhibited excellent antitumor activity, it was associated with certain adverse reactions, with off-target effects against EGFR, Itk and Src family kinases. Our studies yielded a novel series of substituted benzyl pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives capable of potent inhibition of BTK. Compared with ibrutinib, compound 15c exhibited potent BTK inhibitory activity and enhanced antiproliferative activity, a 12-24-fold increase, against MCL cell lines, with IC50 values lower than 1 μM. Low micromolar doses of 15c inhibited the BCR signaling pathway and strongly induced the apoptosis of Z138 cells. Ibrutinib and 15c induced autophagy in a dose-dependent manner in Z138 cells. Moreover, compound 15c induced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may be a reason for its potent antiproliferative activity. Importantly, compound 15c showed greater BTK selectivity than ibrutinib, indicating a potentially safer treatment of MCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fansheng Ran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China; School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Huijun Zhuo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Changqing Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yuxia Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Duan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Guisen Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China.
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15
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Pavlasova G, Mraz M. The regulation and function of CD20: an "enigma" of B-cell biology and targeted therapy. Haematologica 2021; 105:1494-1506. [PMID: 32482755 PMCID: PMC7271567 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.243543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies such as rituximab, ofatumumab, or obinutuzumab improved the therapy of B-cell malignancies even though the precise physiological role and regulation of CD20 remains unclear. Furthermore, CD20 expression is highly variable between different B-cell malignancies, patients with the same malignancy, and even between intraclonal subpopulations in an individual patient. Several epigenetic (EZH2, HDAC1/2, HDAC1/4, HDAC6, complex Sin3A-HDAC1) and transcription factors (USF, OCT1/2, PU.1, PiP, ELK1, ETS1, SP1, NFκB, FOXO1, CREM, SMAD2/3) regulating CD20 expression (encoded by MS4A1) have been characterized. CD20 is induced in the context of microenvironmental interactions by CXCR4/SDF1 (CXCL12) chemokine signaling and the molecular function of CD20 has been linked to the signaling propensity of B-cell receptor (BCR). CD20 has also been shown to interact with multiple other surface proteins on B cells (such as CD40, MHCII, CD53, CD81, CD82, and CBP). Current efforts to combine anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies with BCR signaling inhibitors targeting BTK or PI3K (ibrutinib, acalabrutinib, idelalisib, duvelisib) or BH3-mimetics (venetoclax) lead to the necessity to better understand both the mechanisms of regulation and the biological functions of CD20. This is underscored by the observation that CD20 is decreased in response to the "BCR inhibitor" ibrutinib which largely prevents its successful combination with rituximab. Several small molecules (such as histone deacetylase inhibitors, DNA methyl-transferase inhibitors, aurora kinase A/B inhibitors, farnesyltransferase inhibitors, FOXO1 inhibitors, and bryostatin-1) are being tested to upregulate cell-surface CD20 levels and increase the efficacy of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies. Herein, we review the current understanding of CD20 function, and the mechanisms of its regulation in normal and malignant B cells, highlighting the therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Pavlasova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Mraz
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno .,Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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16
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Cadot S, Valle C, Tosolini M, Pont F, Largeaud L, Laurent C, Fournie JJ, Ysebaert L, Quillet-Mary A. Longitudinal CITE-Seq profiling of chronic lymphocytic leukemia during ibrutinib treatment: evolution of leukemic and immune cells at relapse. Biomark Res 2020; 8:72. [PMID: 33298182 PMCID: PMC7724843 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-020-00253-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ibrutinib, an irreversible Bruton Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) inhibitor, has revolutionized Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) treatment, but resistances to ibrutinib have emerged, whether related or not to BTK mutations. Patterns of CLL evolution under ibrutinib therapy are well characterized for the leukemic cells but not for their microenvironment. METHODS Here, we addressed this question at the single cell level of both transcriptome and immune-phenotype. The PBMCs from a CLL patient were monitored during ibrutinib treatment using Cellular Indexing of Transcriptomes and Epitopes by sequencing (CITE-Seq) technology. RESULTS This unveiled that the short clinical relapse of this patient driven by BTK mutation is associated with intraclonal heterogeneity in B leukemic cells and up-regulation of common signaling pathways induced by ibrutinib in both B leukemic cells and immune cells. This approach also pinpointed a subset of leukemic cells present before treatment and highly enriched during progression under ibrutinib. These latter exhibit an original gene signature including up-regulated BCR, MYC-activated, and other targetable pathways. Meanwhile, although ibrutinib differentially affected the exhaustion of T lymphocytes, this treatment enhanced the T cell cytotoxicity even during disease progression. CONCLUSIONS These results could open new alternative of therapeutic strategies for ibrutinib-refractory CLL patients, based on immunotherapy or targeting B leukemic cells themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Cadot
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, INSERM UMR1037, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- ERL 5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer, TOUCAN, Toulouse, France
| | - Carine Valle
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, INSERM UMR1037, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- ERL 5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer, TOUCAN, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Tosolini
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, INSERM UMR1037, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- ERL 5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer, TOUCAN, Toulouse, France
| | - Frederic Pont
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, INSERM UMR1037, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- ERL 5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer, TOUCAN, Toulouse, France
| | - Laetitia Largeaud
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, INSERM UMR1037, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- ERL 5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France
- Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Oncopole de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Laurent
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, INSERM UMR1037, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- ERL 5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer, TOUCAN, Toulouse, France
- Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Oncopole de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean Jacques Fournie
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, INSERM UMR1037, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- ERL 5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer, TOUCAN, Toulouse, France
| | - Loic Ysebaert
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, INSERM UMR1037, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- ERL 5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer, TOUCAN, Toulouse, France
- Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Oncopole de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Quillet-Mary
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, INSERM UMR1037, Toulouse, France.
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
- ERL 5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France.
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer, TOUCAN, Toulouse, France.
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17
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Handunnetti SM, Tam CS. Immune impacts of Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients: are we closer to a holy grail? Leuk Lymphoma 2020; 61:2283-2285. [PMID: 32900243 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2020.1811865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sasanka M Handunnetti
- Clinical Haematology Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Constantine S Tam
- Clinical Haematology Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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18
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Lechner KS, Neurath MF, Weigmann B. Role of the IL-2 inducible tyrosine kinase ITK and its inhibitors in disease pathogenesis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:1385-1395. [PMID: 32808093 PMCID: PMC7524833 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01958-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
ITK (IL-2-inducible tyrosine kinase) belongs to the Tec family kinases and is mainly expressed in T cells. It is involved in TCR signalling events driving processes like T cell development as well as Th2, Th9 and Th17 responses thereby controlling the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Studies have shown that ITK is involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases as well as in carcinogenesis. The loss of ITK or its activity either by mutation or by the use of inhibitors led to a beneficial outcome in experimental models of asthma, inflammatory bowel disease and multiple sclerosis among others. In humans, biallelic mutations in the ITK gene locus result in a monogenetic disorder leading to T cell dysfunction; in consequence, mainly EBV infections can lead to severe immune dysregulation evident by lymphoproliferation, lymphoma and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Furthermore, patients who suffer from angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma have been found to express significantly more ITK. These findings put ITK in the strong focus as a target for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina S Lechner
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmannstr.14, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmannstr.14, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Ludwig Demling Endoscopy Center of Excellence, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benno Weigmann
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmannstr.14, 91052, Erlangen, Germany.
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Medical Clinic 1, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052, Erlangen, Germany.
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19
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Sawalha Y, Bond DA, Alinari L. Evaluating the Therapeutic Potential of Zanubrutinib in the Treatment of Relapsed/Refractory Mantle Cell Lymphoma: Evidence to Date. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:6573-6581. [PMID: 32753893 PMCID: PMC7351990 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s238832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an uncommon B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by an aggressive clinical course in the majority of patients. Despite recent improvements in outcomes, MCL remains incurable and a major therapeutic challenge. BTK inhibitors are the preferred treatment option for patients with relapsed/refractory MCL, including those unfit for chemotherapy or those with chemoresistant disease. In addition to ibrutinib and acalabrutinib, the FDA recently approved zanubrutinib for the treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory MCL based on the results of two Phase 2 clinical trials showing overall response rates of 85–87% with complete responses in 30–77% of patients. Compared with ibrutinib, zanubrutinib is more selective for BTK and has less off-target inhibition, which is thought to limit certain toxicities although direct comparative data are still lacking. This review article summarizes data from clinical trials of currently FDA-approved BTK inhibitors in MCL with a focus on zanubrutinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazeed Sawalha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - David A Bond
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lapo Alinari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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20
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Tong DL, Kempsell KE, Szakmany T, Ball G. Development of a Bioinformatics Framework for Identification and Validation of Genomic Biomarkers and Key Immunopathology Processes and Controllers in Infectious and Non-infectious Severe Inflammatory Response Syndrome. Front Immunol 2020; 11:380. [PMID: 32318053 PMCID: PMC7147506 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as dysregulated host response caused by systemic infection, leading to organ failure. It is a life-threatening condition, often requiring admission to an intensive care unit (ICU). The causative agents and processes involved are multifactorial but are characterized by an overarching inflammatory response, sharing elements in common with severe inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) of non-infectious origin. Sepsis presents with a range of pathophysiological and genetic features which make clinical differentiation from SIRS very challenging. This may reflect a poor understanding of the key gene inter-activities and/or pathway associations underlying these disease processes. Improved understanding is critical for early differential recognition of sepsis and SIRS and to improve patient management and clinical outcomes. Judicious selection of gene biomarkers suitable for development of diagnostic tests/testing could make differentiation of sepsis and SIRS feasible. Here we describe a methodologic framework for the identification and validation of biomarkers in SIRS, sepsis and septic shock patients, using a 2-tier gene screening, artificial neural network (ANN) data mining technique, using previously published gene expression datasets. Eight key hub markers have been identified which may delineate distinct, core disease processes and which show potential for informing underlying immunological and pathological processes and thus patient stratification and treatment. These do not show sufficient fold change differences between the different disease states to be useful as primary diagnostic biomarkers, but are instrumental in identifying candidate pathways and other associated biomarkers for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ling Tong
- Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Computing, First City University College, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia.,School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Karen E Kempsell
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Tamas Szakmany
- Department of Anaesthesia Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Ball
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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21
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Rogers A, Woyach JA. BTK inhibitors and anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies for treatment-naïve elderly patients with CLL. Ther Adv Hematol 2020; 11:2040620720912990. [PMID: 32231778 PMCID: PMC7092382 DOI: 10.1177/2040620720912990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Older patients account for the majority of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and so strategies for managing CLL in this population is of upmost importance. Inhibition of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) has been a successful therapeutic strategy in CLL, and the first-generation BTK inhibitor ibrutinib has been shown to be superior to standard chemoimmunotherapy in multiple studies specifically targeting older patients. A second-generation BTK inhibitor, acalabrutinib, has also been studied in CLL, and has recently been granted breakthrough designation by the United States Food and Drug Administration. One ongoing question is whether the addition of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies improve response or response durability with BTK inhibitors. In this review, we will discuss clinical trials of ibrutinib and acalabrutinib in older patients with CLL, and the possible contributions of anti-CD20 antibodies to these therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Rogers
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jennifer A Woyach
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, 410 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH, USA
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22
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Flinsenberg TWH, Tromedjo CC, Hu N, Liu Y, Guo Y, Thia KYT, Noori T, Song X, Aw Yeang HX, Tantalo DG, Handunnetti S, Seymour JF, Roberts AW, Ritchie D, Koldej R, Neeson PJ, Wang L, Trapani JA, Tam CS, Voskoboinik I. Differential effects of BTK inhibitors ibrutinib and zanubrutinib on NK-cell effector function in patients with mantle cell lymphoma. Haematologica 2020; 105:e76-e79. [PMID: 31171645 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.220590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thijs W H Flinsenberg
- Cancer Immunology Program and Rosie Lew Immunotherapy Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Charnelle C Tromedjo
- Cancer Immunology Program and Rosie Lew Immunotherapy Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nan Hu
- BeiGene LTD, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Liu
- BeiGene LTD, Beijing, China
| | | | - Kevin Y T Thia
- Cancer Immunology Program and Rosie Lew Immunotherapy Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tahereh Noori
- Cancer Immunology Program and Rosie Lew Immunotherapy Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Han X Aw Yeang
- Cancer Immunology Program and Rosie Lew Immunotherapy Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniela G Tantalo
- Cancer Immunology Program and Rosie Lew Immunotherapy Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sasanka Handunnetti
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre & Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John F Seymour
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre & Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew W Roberts
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre & Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Ritchie
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre & Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The ACRF Translational Research Laboratory; Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel Koldej
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,The ACRF Translational Research Laboratory; Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul J Neeson
- Cancer Immunology Program and Rosie Lew Immunotherapy Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Joseph A Trapani
- Cancer Immunology Program and Rosie Lew Immunotherapy Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Constantine S Tam
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia .,Department of Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre & Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ilia Voskoboinik
- Cancer Immunology Program and Rosie Lew Immunotherapy Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia .,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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23
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Xu H, Jesson MI, Seneviratne UI, Lin TH, Sharif MN, Xue L, Nguyen C, Everley RA, Trujillo JI, Johnson DS, Point GR, Thorarensen A, Kilty I, Telliez JB. PF-06651600, a Dual JAK3/TEC Family Kinase Inhibitor. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:1235-1242. [PMID: 31082193 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PF-06651600 was developed as an irreversible inhibitor of JAK3 with selectivity over the other three JAK isoforms. A high level of selectivity toward JAK3 is achieved by the covalent interaction of PF-06651600 with a unique cysteine residue (Cys-909) in the catalytic domain of JAK3, which is replaced by a serine residue in the other JAK isoforms. Importantly, 10 other kinases in the kinome have a cysteine at the equivalent position of Cys-909 in JAK3. Five of those kinases belong to the TEC kinase family including BTK, BMX, ITK, RLK, and TEC and are also inhibited by PF-06651600. Preclinical data demonstrate that inhibition of the cytolytic function of CD8+ T cells and NK cells by PF-06651600 is driven by the inhibition of TEC kinases. On the basis of the underlying pathophysiology of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, alopecia areata, and vitiligo, the dual activity of PF-06651600 toward JAK3 and the TEC kinase family may provide a beneficial inhibitory profile for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xu
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael I. Jesson
- Drug Safety R&D, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Uthpala I. Seneviratne
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Tsung H. Lin
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - M. Nusrat Sharif
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Liang Xue
- Integrative Biology, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Chuong Nguyen
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Robert A. Everley
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - John I. Trujillo
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Douglas S. Johnson
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gary R. Point
- Drug Safety R&D, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Atli Thorarensen
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Iain Kilty
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jean-Baptiste Telliez
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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24
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Eken A, Cansever M, Somekh I, Mizoguchi Y, Zietara N, Okus FZ, Erdem S, Canatan H, Akyol S, Ozcan A, Karakukcu M, Hollizeck S, Rohlfs M, Unal E, Klein C, Patiroglu T. Genetic Deficiency and Biochemical Inhibition of ITK Affect Human Th17, Treg, and Innate Lymphoid Cells. J Clin Immunol 2019; 39:391-400. [DOI: 10.1007/s10875-019-00632-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Miyata-Takata T, Chuang SS, Takata K, Toji T, Maeda Y, Sato Y, Yoshino T. Expression of T-cell receptor signalling pathway components in extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma. Histopathology 2018; 73:1030-1038. [PMID: 30102799 DOI: 10.1111/his.13728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Although the neoplastic cells of extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) usually do not express T-cell antigens, the T-cell receptor (TCR) gene might be rearranged and TCR protein expressed. The aim is to elucidate the expression of the downstream TCR pathway components and their importance in ENKTL. METHODS AND RESULTS We used formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from 91 ENKTL samples to immunohistochemically characterise the expression of TCR pathway components. The following proteins were variably expressed: ZAP70 (94%; 83/88), GRAP2/GADS (68%; 60/88), DOK2 (42%; 38/90), LCK (35%; 31/88), and ITK (10%; 9/90). When these tumours were classified as being of T lineage (16%), NK lineage (45%), or indeterminate lineage (38%), the GRAP2/GADS expression rate was higher in T lineage tumours (versus NK, P = 0.0073; versus indeterminate, P = 0.00082). GRAP2/GADS-positive NK lineage tumours more frequently expressed DOK2 (P = 0.0073), and were more often confined to the nasal areas (P = 0.014). Furthermore, when these tumours were immunophenotypically classified into a T signature (42%) or NK signature (58%), the expression rates of GRAP2/GADS and ITK were higher in T signature tumours (P = 0.00074 and P = 0.067, respectively), whereas that of LCK was higher in NK-signature tumours (P = 0.10). CONCLUSIONS Although some ENTKL cases were polyclonal for TCR rearrangement and others lacked TCR expression, we speculate that the TCR pathway might be functioning in ENKTLs. A T signature versus a NK signature might be better for delineating the physiology of ENKTL than cellular lineage. Furthermore, ITK may represent a potential therapeutic target for patients with ITK-expressing tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Miyata-Takata
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Katsuyoshi Takata
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Lymphoid Cancer Research, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Tomohiro Toji
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Maeda
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Sato
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yoshino
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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26
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Noncovalent inhibition of C481S Bruton tyrosine kinase by GDC-0853: a new treatment strategy for ibrutinib-resistant CLL. Blood 2018; 132:1039-1049. [PMID: 30018078 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-10-809020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical success of ibrutinib validates Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibition as an effective strategy for treating hematologic malignancies, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Despite ibrutinib's ability to produce durable remissions in patients, acquired resistance can develop, mostly commonly by mutation of C481 of BTK in the ibrutinib binding site. Here, we characterize a novel BTK inhibitor, GDC-0853, to evaluate its preclinical efficacy in ibrutinib-naive and ibrutinib-resistant CLL. GDC-0853 is unique among reported BTK inhibitors in that it does not rely upon covalent reaction with C481 to stabilize its occupancy within BTK's adenosine triphosphate binding site. As with ibrutinib, GDC-0853 potently reduces B-cell receptor signaling, viability, NF-κB-dependent transcription, activation, and migration in treatment naïve CLL cells. We found that GDC-0853 also inhibits the most commonly reported ibrutinib-resistant BTK mutant (C481S) both in a biochemical enzyme activity assay and in a stably transfected 293T cell line and maintains cytotoxicity against patient CLL cells harboring C481S BTK mutations. Additionally, GDC-0853 does not inhibit endothelial growth factor receptor or ITK, 2 alternative targets of ibrutinib that are likely responsible for some adverse events and may reduce the efficacy of ibrutinib-antibody combinations, respectively. Our results using GDC-0853 indicate that noncovalent, selective BTK inhibition may be effective in CLL either as monotherapy or in combination with therapeutic antibodies, especially among the emerging population of patients with acquired resistance to ibrutinib therapy.
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27
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Systems-Based Interactome Analysis for Hematopoiesis Effect of Angelicae sinensis Radix: Regulated Network of Cell Proliferation towards Hemopoiesis. Chin J Integr Med 2018; 25:939-947. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-018-3003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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28
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Pitfalls of Combining Novel Agents in Lymphoma. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2018; 19:35. [PMID: 29808236 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-018-0548-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT As our knowledge of lymphoma and its intricate signaling pathways has grown, so has the development of novel agents. While their mechanisms of action vary considerably, these therapies supplement and in some cases offer alternatives to standard chemotherapy. Initial studies have highlighted tolerable side effects though in the majority of instances limited efficacy when used as monotherapy. Research has focused on combining these novel agents to improve outcomes and perhaps offer refined treatment options. Novel combinations represent new territory, inherently dissimilar to combination chemotherapy with new pitfalls and challenges given their unique mechanisms of action. Though promising, it is crucial to consider the complex interplay that can occur. While there is potential for improved outcomes, there is also the possibility of unexpected toxicities. For this reason, it is critical that novel combinations be carefully considered and tested in clinical trials before widespread use. Thus far, research has shown that combination therapies are successful when not only avoiding overlapping toxicity but also capitalizing on synergy. We believe that more specific targets and an improved understanding of their off-/on-target effects will further successful novel combinations.
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29
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Babiker HM, Glode AE, Cooke LS, Mahadevan D. Ublituximab for the treatment of CD20 positive B-cell malignancies. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2018; 27:407-412. [PMID: 29609506 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2018.1459560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is the most common adult hematologic malignancy. Conventional methods of treatment are chemotherapy and radiation, which were associated with toxicities and lack of specificity. Potential cell surface targets for treatment of B-cell NHL (B-NHL) include CD19, CD20, and CD22 which are highly expressed on malignant B-cells. The development of monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy directed against CD20 had the most clinical impact in the treatment of B-NHL. Early clinical trials with rituximab (RTX), the first chimeric mAb against CD20, showed efficacy and minimal toxicities. RTX was later approved as first line in combination with CHOP chemotherapy for Diffuse Large B-NHL (DLBCL). The emergence of resistance to RTX prompted the development of the next-generation of mAbs targeting CD20 (e.g. obinituzumab, ofatumumab), and includes ublituximab (Ub), with higher complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against malignant B-cells. Areas covered: Herein, we discuss clinical trials of Ub, highlighting efficacy, tolerability and an expert opinion on drug development in B-NHL. A pubmed search was conducted to evaluate all Ub clinical trials. Expert opinion: Ub demonstrated efficacy in patients with high-risk CLL and B-NHL in both first line, subsequent lines, and in rituximab refractory patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani M Babiker
- a Early Phase Clinical Trials Program , University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson , AZ , USA
| | - Ashley E Glode
- b Department of Clinical Pharmacy , University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , CO , USA
| | - Laurence S Cooke
- a Early Phase Clinical Trials Program , University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson , AZ , USA
| | - Daruka Mahadevan
- a Early Phase Clinical Trials Program , University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson , AZ , USA
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30
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Palazzo A, Herter S, Grosmaire L, Jones R, Frey CR, Limani F, Bacac M, Umana P, Oldham RJ, Marshall MJE, Cox KL, Turaj AH, Cragg MS, Klein C, Carter MJ, Tannheimer S. The PI3Kδ-Selective Inhibitor Idelalisib Minimally Interferes with Immune Effector Function Mediated by Rituximab or Obinutuzumab and Significantly Augments B Cell Depletion In Vivo. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 200:2304-2312. [PMID: 29453281 PMCID: PMC5857647 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Idelalisib is a highly selective oral inhibitor of PI3Kδ indicated for the treatment of patients with relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia in combination with rituximab. Despite additive clinical effects, previous studies have paradoxically demonstrated that targeted therapies potentially negatively affect anti-CD20 mAb effector mechanisms. To address these potential effects, we investigated the impact of PI3Kδ inhibition by idelalisib on the effector mechanisms of rituximab and obinutuzumab. At clinically relevant concentrations, idelalisib minimally influenced rituximab- and obinutuzumab-mediated Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and phagocytosis on human lymphoma cell lines, while maintaining the superiority of obinutuzumab-mediated Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Consistent with this, idelalisib did not influence obinutuzumab-mediated B cell depletion in whole-blood B cell-depletion assays. Further, idelalisib significantly enhanced obinutuzumab-mediated direct cell death of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. In murine systems, in vivo inhibition of PI3Kδ minimally interfered with maximal rituximab- or obinutuzumab-mediated depletion of leukemic targets. In addition, the duration of rituximab- and obinutuzumab-mediated depletion of leukemia cells was extended by combination with PI3Kδ inhibition. Collectively, these data demonstrate that PI3Kδ inhibition does not significantly affect the effector mechanisms induced by rituximab or obinutuzumab and provides an effective in vivo therapeutic combination. Therefore, combinations of obinutuzumab and idelalisib are currently being assessed in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylvia Herter
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, CH-8952 Zurich, Switzerland; and
| | | | - Randy Jones
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA 98102
| | | | - Florian Limani
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, CH-8952 Zurich, Switzerland; and
| | - Marina Bacac
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, CH-8952 Zurich, Switzerland; and
| | - Pablo Umana
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, CH-8952 Zurich, Switzerland; and
| | - Robert J Oldham
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J E Marshall
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Kerry L Cox
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Anna H Turaj
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Mark S Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Klein
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, CH-8952 Zurich, Switzerland; and
| | - Matthew J Carter
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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Thompson PA, Burger JA. Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors: first and second generation agents for patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL). Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2017; 27:31-42. [PMID: 29125406 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2018.1404027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The BTK inhibitor ibrutinib is effective in both low- and high-risk CLL patients, achieving durable remissions with continuous therapy in the majority of patients. Ibrutinib lacks myelotoxicity and is generally well tolerated by older and unfit patients; however, side effects, such as atrial fibrillation or hemorrhage, can result in treatment interruption or discontinuation. Given the high efficacy and overall safety, ibrutinib is increasingly used in untreated and previously treated CLL patients. Second-generation BTK inhibitors are being developed, with different and generally more BTK-selective kinase inhibition profiles, which may increase the safety and/or efficacy. AREAS COVERED We review key features of ibrutinib, along with problems of its use, discuss the potential and drawbacks of second generation molecules, and discuss combination therapies currently in development. EXPERT OPINION BTK inhibitors have been a major therapeutic advance in older/unfit patients and those with high-risk and/or relapsed CLL, but require indefinite maintenance therapy and risk of developing treatment resistance or adverse events requiring treatment cessation increases over time. Novel combination strategies are currently being evaluated (e.g. the combination of ibrutinib with venetoclax), which may achieve greater depth of remission, remove the need for indefinite maintenance treatment and potentially replace chemoimmunotherapy in the first-line setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Thompson
- a Department of Leukemia , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Jan A Burger
- a Department of Leukemia , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
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32
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Barf T, Covey T, Izumi R, van de Kar B, Gulrajani M, van Lith B, van Hoek M, de Zwart E, Mittag D, Demont D, Verkaik S, Krantz F, Pearson PG, Ulrich R, Kaptein A. Acalabrutinib (ACP-196): A Covalent Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor with a Differentiated Selectivity and In Vivo Potency Profile. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 363:240-252. [PMID: 28882879 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.242909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several small-molecule Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors are in development for B cell malignancies and autoimmune disorders, each characterized by distinct potency and selectivity patterns. Herein we describe the pharmacologic characterization of BTK inhibitor acalabrutinib [compound 1, ACP-196 (4-[8-amino-3-[(2S)-1-but-2-ynoylpyrrolidin-2-yl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]-N-(2-pyridyl)benzamide)]. Acalabrutinib possesses a reactive butynamide group that binds covalently to Cys481 in BTK. Relative to the other BTK inhibitors described here, the reduced intrinsic reactivity of acalabrutinib helps to limit inhibition of off-target kinases having cysteine-mediated covalent binding potential. Acalabrutinib demonstrated higher biochemical and cellular selectivity than ibrutinib and spebrutinib (compounds 2 and 3, respectively). Importantly, off-target kinases, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and interleukin 2-inducible T cell kinase (ITK), were not inhibited. Determination of the inhibitory potential of anti-immunoglobulin M-induced CD69 expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and whole blood demonstrated that acalabrutinib is a potent functional BTK inhibitor. In vivo evaluation in mice revealed that acalabrutinib is more potent than ibrutinib and spebrutinib. Preclinical and clinical studies showed that the level and duration of BTK occupancy correlates with in vivo efficacy. Evaluation of the pharmacokinetic properties of acalabrutinib in healthy adult volunteers demonstrated rapid absorption and fast elimination. In these healthy individuals, a single oral dose of 100 mg showed approximately 99% median target coverage at 3 and 12 hours and around 90% at 24 hours in peripheral B cells. In conclusion, acalabrutinib is a BTK inhibitor with key pharmacologic differentiators versus ibrutinib and spebrutinib and is currently being evaluated in clinical trials.
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Hagner PR, Chiu H, Ortiz M, Apollonio B, Wang M, Couto S, Waldman MF, Flynt E, Ramsay AG, Trotter M, Gandhi AK, Chopra R, Thakurta A. Activity of lenalidomide in mantle cell lymphoma can be explained by NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Br J Haematol 2017; 179:399-409. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Benedetta Apollonio
- School of Cancer Sciences; Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine; King's College London; London UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Alan G. Ramsay
- School of Cancer Sciences; Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine; King's College London; London UK
| | | | | | - Rajesh Chopra
- Celgene Corporation; Summit NJ USA
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics; Institute of Cancer Research; London UK
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Long M, Beckwith K, Do P, Mundy BL, Gordon A, Lehman AM, Maddocks KJ, Cheney C, Jones JA, Flynn JM, Andritsos LA, Awan F, Fraietta JA, June CH, Maus MV, Woyach JA, Caligiuri MA, Johnson AJ, Muthusamy N, Byrd JC. Ibrutinib treatment improves T cell number and function in CLL patients. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:3052-3064. [PMID: 28714866 DOI: 10.1172/jci89756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ibrutinib has been shown to have immunomodulatory effects by inhibiting Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) and IL-2-inducible T cell kinase (ITK). The relative importance of inhibiting these 2 kinases has not been examined despite its relevance to immune-based therapies. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients on clinical trials of ibrutinib (BTK/ITK inhibitor; n = 19) or acalabrutinib (selective BTK inhibitor; n = 13) were collected serially. T cell phenotype, immune function, and CLL cell immunosuppressive capacity were evaluated. RESULTS Ibrutinib markedly increased CD4+ and CD8+ T cell numbers in CLL patients. This effect was more prominent in effector/effector memory subsets and was not observed with acalabrutinib. Ex vivo studies demonstrated that this may be due to diminished activation-induced cell death through ITK inhibition. PD-1 and CTLA-4 expression was significantly markedly reduced in T cells by both agents. While the number of Treg cells remained unchanged, the ratio of these to conventional CD4+ T cells was reduced with ibrutinib, but not acalabrutinib. Both agents reduced expression of the immunosuppressive molecules CD200 and BTLA as well as IL-10 production by CLL cells. CONCLUSIONS Ibrutinib treatment increased the in vivo persistence of activated T cells, decreased the Treg/CD4+ T cell ratio, and diminished the immune-suppressive properties of CLL cells through BTK-dependent and -independent mechanisms. These features provide a strong rationale for combination immunotherapy approaches with ibrutinib in CLL and other cancers. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01589302 and NCT02029443. Samples described here were collected per OSU-0025. FUNDING The National Cancer Institute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixiao Long
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kyle Beckwith
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University
| | - Priscilla Do
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University
| | - Bethany L Mundy
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Amber Gordon
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Amy M Lehman
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kami J Maddocks
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Carolyn Cheney
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Jones
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Joseph M Flynn
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Leslie A Andritsos
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Farrukh Awan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Joseph A Fraietta
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carl H June
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marcela V Maus
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer A Woyach
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael A Caligiuri
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Amy J Johnson
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Natarajan Muthusamy
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - John C Byrd
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Fowler NH, Cheah CY, Gascoyne RD, Gribben J, Neelapu SS, Ghia P, Bollard C, Ansell S, Curran M, Wilson WH, O'Brien S, Grant C, Little R, Zenz T, Nastoupil LJ, Dunleavy K. Role of the tumor microenvironment in mature B-cell lymphoid malignancies. Haematologica 2017; 101:531-40. [PMID: 27132279 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2015.139493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is the cellular and molecular environment in which the tumor exists and with which it continuously interacts. In B-cell lymphomas, this microenvironment is intriguing in that it plays critical roles in the regulation of tumor cell survival and proliferation, fostering immune escape as well as the development of treatment resistance. The purpose of this review is to summarize the proceedings of the Second Annual Summit on the Immune Microenvironment in Hematologic Malignancies that took place on September 11-12, 2014 in Dublin, Ireland. We provide a timely overview of the composition and biological relevance of the cellular and molecular microenvironment interface and discuss the role of interactions between the microenvironment and neoplastic cells in a variety of B-cell lymphomas. In addition, we focus on various novel therapeutic strategies that target the tumor microenvironment, including agents that modulate B-cell receptor pathways and immune-checkpoints, chimeric antigen receptor T cells and immunomodulatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan H Fowler
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chan Yoon Cheah
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA Department of Haematology, Pathwest Laboratory Medicine WA and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia University of Western Australia, Perth, Canada
| | - Randy D Gascoyne
- British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John Gribben
- Department of Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Sattva S Neelapu
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paolo Ghia
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Milan, Italy Department of Onco-Hematology, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Michael Curran
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wyndham H Wilson
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Richard Little
- Cancer Therapeutic Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Loretta J Nastoupil
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kieron Dunleavy
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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36
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Mukherjee S, Jensen H, Stewart W, Stewart D, Ray WC, Chen SY, Nolan GP, Lanier LL, Das J. In silico modeling identifies CD45 as a regulator of IL-2 synergy in the NKG2D-mediated activation of immature human NK cells. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/485/eaai9062. [PMID: 28655861 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aai9062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells perform immunosurveillance of virally infected and transformed cells, and their activation depends on the balance between signaling by inhibitory and activating receptors. Cytokine receptor signaling can synergize with activating receptor signaling to induce NK cell activation. We investigated the interplay between the signaling pathways stimulated by the cytokine interleukin-2 (IL-2) and the activating receptor NKG2D in immature (CD56bright) and mature (CD56dim) subsets of human primary NK cells using mass cytometry experiments and in silico modeling. Our analysis revealed that IL-2 changed the abundances of several key proteins, including NKG2D and the phosphatase CD45. Furthermore, we found differences in correlations between protein abundances, which were associated with the maturation state of the NK cells. The mass cytometry measurements also revealed that the signaling kinetics of key protein abundances induced by NKG2D stimulation depended on the maturation state and the pretreatment condition of the NK cells. Our in silico model, which described the multidimensional data with coupled first-order reactions, predicted that the increase in CD45 abundance was a major enhancer of NKG2D-mediated activation in IL-2-treated CD56bright NK cells but not in IL-2-treated CD56dim NK cells. This dependence on CD45 was verified by measurement of CD107a mobilization to the NK cell surface (a marker of activation). Our mathematical framework can be used to glean mechanisms underlying synergistic signaling pathways in other activated immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayak Mukherjee
- Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, Research Institute at the Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Helle Jensen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - William Stewart
- Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, Research Institute at the Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.,Department of Statistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - David Stewart
- Department of Mathematics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - William C Ray
- Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, Research Institute at the Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.,Biophysics Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shih-Yu Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Garry P Nolan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lewis L Lanier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Jayajit Das
- Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, Research Institute at the Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.,Biophysics Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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37
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Golay J, Ubiali G, Introna M. The specific Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor acalabrutinib (ACP-196) shows favorable in vitro activity against chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells with CD20 antibodies. Haematologica 2017. [PMID: 28642301 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.169334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Josée Golay
- Center of Cellular Therapy "G. Lanzani, USC Hematology, and Fondazione per la Ricerca Ospedale Maggiore, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Greta Ubiali
- Center of Cellular Therapy "G. Lanzani, USC Hematology, and Fondazione per la Ricerca Ospedale Maggiore, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Martino Introna
- Center of Cellular Therapy "G. Lanzani, USC Hematology, and Fondazione per la Ricerca Ospedale Maggiore, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
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38
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Molica S. Targeted therapy in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia: facts, shortcomings and hopes for the future. Expert Rev Hematol 2017; 10:425-432. [DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2017.1313108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Molica
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Pugliese-Ciaccio, Catanzaro, Italy
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39
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Sharman JP, Farber CM, Mahadevan D, Schreeder MT, Brooks HD, Kolibaba KS, Fanning S, Klein L, Greenwald DR, Sportelli P, Miskin HP, Weiss MS, Burke JM. Ublituximab (TG-1101), a novel glycoengineered anti-CD20 antibody, in combination with ibrutinib is safe and highly active in patients with relapsed and/or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: results of a phase 2 trial. Br J Haematol 2016; 176:412-420. [PMID: 27982425 PMCID: PMC5299538 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Ibrutinib is effective in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL); however, treatment resistance remains a problem. Ublituximab is a novel, glycoengineered anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody with single-agent activity in relapsed CLL. We report the results of a phase 2 study evaluating combination therapy with ibrutinib and ublituximab in patients with relapsed or refractory CLL. Patients received ibrutinib 420 mg once daily. Ublituximab was administered on days 1, 8 and 15 of cycle 1 followed by day 1 of cycles 2-6. Response assessments were completed at cycles 3 and 6; patients then continued on ibrutinib monotherapy per standard of care. Forty-one of 45 enrolled patients were evaluable for efficacy. Safety was consistent with prior experience for each drug, with infusion reactions the most prevalent adverse event. Combination therapy resulted in an overall response rate (ORR) of 88% at 6 months. In the 20 patients with high-risk features (17p or 11q deletions or TP53 mutation) and evaluable for efficacy, the ORR was 95%, with three patients (15%) achieving negative minimal residual disease. Median time to response was 8 weeks. Ublituximab in combination with ibrutinib resulted in rapid and high response rates. The long-term clinical benefit of ublituximab will be defined by an ongoing phase 3 trial (NCT 02301156).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff P Sharman
- Willamette Valley Cancer Institute, Springfield, OR, USA.,US Oncology Research, Morristown, NJ, USA
| | | | - Daruka Mahadevan
- West Cancer Center/University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Heather D Brooks
- US Oncology Research, Morristown, NJ, USA.,Blue Ridge Cancer Care, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Kathryn S Kolibaba
- US Oncology Research, Morristown, NJ, USA.,Compass Oncology, Vancouver, WA, USA
| | - Suzanne Fanning
- US Oncology Research, Morristown, NJ, USA.,Greenville Health System Cancer Institute, Greenville, SC, USA
| | - Leonard Klein
- US Oncology Research, Morristown, NJ, USA.,Illinois Cancer Specialists, Niles, IL, USA
| | - Daniel R Greenwald
- US Oncology Research, Morristown, NJ, USA.,Cancer Center of Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - John M Burke
- US Oncology Research, Morristown, NJ, USA.,Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO, USA
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40
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Shabani M, Nichols KE, Rezaei N. Primary immunodeficiencies associated with EBV-Induced lymphoproliferative disorders. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 108:109-127. [PMID: 27931829 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) are a subgroup of inherited immunological disorders that increase susceptibility to viral infections. Among the range of viral pathogens involved, EBV remains a major threat because of its high prevalence of infection among the adult population and its tendency to progress to life-threatening lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs) and/or malignancy. The high mortality in immunodeficient patients with EBV-driven LPDs, despite institution of diverse and often intensive treatments, prompts the need to better study these PIDs to identify and understand the affected molecular pathways that increase susceptibility to EBV infection and progression. In this article, we have provided a detailed literature review of the reported cases of EBV-driven LPDs in patients with PID. We discuss the PIDs associated with development of EBV-LPDs. Then, we review the nature and the therapeutic outcome of common EBV- driven LPDs in the PID patients and review the mechanisms common to the major PIDs. Deep study of these common pathways and gaining a better insight into the disease nature and outcomes, may lead to earlier diagnosis of the disease, choosing the best treatment modalities available and development of novel therapeutic strategies to decrease morbidity and mortality brought about by EBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsima Shabani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; International Hematology/Oncology Of Pediatrics Experts (IHOPE), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kim E Nichols
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Boston, MA, USA.
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41
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ITK Gene Mutation: Effect on Survival of Children with Severe Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis. Indian J Pediatr 2016; 83:1349-1352. [PMID: 27056244 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-016-2079-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is characterized by deadly hyperinflammatory syndrome, but data on severe HLH with multi-organ dysfunction in children are scant. The authors report a retrospective study of 8 cases with severe HLH from a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) over a 1-y period and found that Epstein barr virus (EBV) -infection was the most common etiology. All patients had genetic analysis, which showed that four patients with EBV -infection had one homozygous mutation, c.985+75G>A (at position chr5:156667232) in exon10 of the ITK gene with poor survival rates. ITK + mutation group had higher percentages of CD3+CD8+ T cells (36.0 ± 8.4 %) than those in ITK - mutation group (28.8 ± 5.5 %), while they had similar levels of CD3+CD4+ T cells. ITK + mutation group had lower proportion of CD3-CD19+ B cells (16.3 ± 2.9 %) and CD16+CD56+ NK cells (8.4 ± 2.6 %) than ITK - mutation group (29.6 ± 5.1 % and 15.9 ± 9.0 % respectively). Most importantly, patients with EBV infection with c.985+75G>A mutation in ITK had lower survival rates than ITK - mutation group which it may be related with cellular immune dysfunction.
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42
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Yasuhiro T, Sawada W, Klein C, Kozaki R, Hotta S, Yoshizawa T. Anti-tumor efficacy study of the Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, ONO/GS-4059, in combination with the glycoengineered type II anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody obinutuzumab (GA101) demonstrates superior in vivo efficacy compared to ONO/GS-4059 in combination with rituximab. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 58:699-707. [PMID: 27684575 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2016.1201567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The activated B-cell diffuse large B-cell-like lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL) correlates with poor prognosis. The B-cell receptor signaling pathway is known to be dysregulated in NHL/CLL and given BTK is a downstream mediator of BCR signaling, BTK constitutes an interesting and obvious therapeutic target. Given the high potency and selectivity of the BTK inhibitor, ONO/GS-4059, it was hypothesized that, the anti-tumor activity of ONO/GS-4059 could be further enhanced by combining it with the anti-CD20 Abs, rituximab (RTX) or obinutuzumab (GA101). ONO/GS-4059 combined with GA101 or RTX was significantly better than the respective monotherapy with tumor growth inhibition (TGI) of 90% for the GA101 combination and 86% for the RTX combination. In contrast, ibrutinib (PCI-32765) combined with RTX did not result in improved efficacy compared with respective monotherapy. Taken together these data indicate that the combination of ONO/GS-4059 with rituximab and particularly obinutuzumab may be an effective treatment for ABC-DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wako Sawada
- a Ono Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd , Osaka , Japan
| | - Christian Klein
- b Roche Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich , Schlieren , Switzerland
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43
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Preclinical Evaluation of the Novel BTK Inhibitor Acalabrutinib in Canine Models of B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159607. [PMID: 27434128 PMCID: PMC4951150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acalabrutinib (ACP-196) is a second-generation inhibitor of Bruton agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase (BTK) with increased target selectivity and potency compared to ibrutinib. In this study, we evaluated acalabrutinib in spontaneously occurring canine lymphoma, a model of B-cell malignancy similar to human diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). First, we demonstrated that acalabrutinib potently inhibited BTK activity and downstream effectors in CLBL1, a canine B-cell lymphoma cell line, and primary canine lymphoma cells. Acalabrutinib also inhibited proliferation in CLBL1 cells. Twenty dogs were enrolled in the clinical trial and treated with acalabrutinib at dosages of 2.5 to 20mg/kg every 12 or 24 hours. Acalabrutinib was generally well tolerated, with adverse events consisting primarily of grade 1 or 2 anorexia, weight loss, vomiting, diarrhea and lethargy. Overall response rate (ORR) was 25% (5/20) with a median progression free survival (PFS) of 22.5 days. Clinical benefit was observed in 30% (6/20) of dogs. These findings suggest that acalabrutinib is safe and exhibits activity in canine B-cell lymphoma patients and support the use of canine lymphoma as a relevant model for human non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).
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44
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Cheah CY, Fowler NH, Wang ML. Breakthrough therapies in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Ann Oncol 2016; 27:778-87. [PMID: 26802148 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The last 5 years have seen significant advances in our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of B-cell lymphomas. This has led to the emergence of a large number of new therapeutic agents exploiting precise aspects of the tumor cell's signaling pathways, surface antigens or microenvironment. The purpose of this comprehensive review is to provide a detailed analysis of the breakthrough agents in the field, with a focus on recent clinical data. We describe agents targeting the B-cell receptor pathway, Bcl-2 inhibitors, emerging epigenetic therapies, new monoclonal antibodies and antibody drug conjugates, selective inhibitors of nuclear export, agents targeting the programmed cell death axis and chimeric antigen receptor T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Cheah
- Department of Haematology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital and Pathwest Laboratory Medicine WA, Nedlands University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - N H Fowler
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - M L Wang
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
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45
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Phatarpekar PV, Lee DA, Somanchi SS. Electroporation of siRNA to Silence Gene Expression in Primary NK Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1441:267-276. [PMID: 27177673 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3684-7_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Gene silencing through siRNA is an effective experimental tool to unravel molecular mechanisms involved in cellular processes. Here we describe a method to silence gene expression in primary human natural killer (NK) cells by transfecting ON-TARGETplus SMART pool siRNA using an electroporation-based method called Nucleofection(®). The technique yields effective silencing of the target gene without any off-target effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad V Phatarpekar
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dean A Lee
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Srinivas S Somanchi
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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46
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Berglöf A, Hamasy A, Meinke S, Palma M, Krstic A, Månsson R, Kimby E, Österborg A, Smith CIE. Targets for Ibrutinib Beyond B Cell Malignancies. Scand J Immunol 2015; 82:208-17. [PMID: 26111359 PMCID: PMC5347933 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Ibrutinib (Imbruvica™) is an irreversible, potent inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK). Over the last few years, ibrutinib has developed from a promising drug candidate to being approved by FDA for the treatment of three B cell malignancies, a truly remarkable feat. Few, if any medicines are monospecific and ibrutinib is no exception; already during ibrutinib's initial characterization, it was found that it could bind also to other kinases. In this review, we discuss the implications of such interactions, which go beyond the selective effect on BTK in B cell malignancies. In certain cases, the outcome of ibrutinib treatment likely results from the combined inhibition of BTK and other kinases, causing additive or synergistic, effects. Conversely, there are also examples when the clinical outcome seems unrelated to inhibition of BTK. Thus, more specifically, adverse effects such as enhanced bleeding or arrhythmias could potentially be explained by different interactions. We also predict that during long‐term treatment bone homoeostasis might be affected due to the inhibition of osteoclasts. Moreover, the binding of ibrutinib to molecular targets other than BTK or effects on cells other than B cell‐derived malignancies could be beneficial and result in new indications for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Berglöf
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Hamasy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Meinke
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Palma
- Department of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Krstic
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R Månsson
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Kimby
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Österborg
- Department of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C I E Smith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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47
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Stephens DM, Spurgeon SE. Ibrutinib in mantle cell lymphoma patients: glass half full? Evidence and opinion. Ther Adv Hematol 2015; 6:242-52. [PMID: 26425337 PMCID: PMC4556969 DOI: 10.1177/2040620715592569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma typically marked by an aggressive clinical course and a predilection for relapse. The B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling survival pathway is chronically activated in MCL, contributing to its pathogenesis. Ibrutinib is an inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase, a vital component of this pathway. This article details the current clinical experience with ibrutinib in the treatment of patients with MCL, including completed and published clinical trials and reviews potential adverse events (AEs) and pitfalls associated with ibrutinib therapy. Although most AEs experienced by patients treated with ibrutinib are mild, some can be severe and treatment limiting and may be attributed to off-target effects. Ibrutinib is a very promising agent for patients with MCL with notable response rates. However, when used as a single agent, around one third of patients relapse in the first 2 years of treatment. Recently reported combination therapies have shown significant activity. Emerging data evaluating potential mechanisms of drug resistance and the poor clinical outcomes after treatment failure are also discussed. Further understanding of resistance and its implications not only in relapsed disease but in the frontline setting are needed. Investigation of strategies to overcome resistance remains an area of high unmet clinical need. Evaluation of the impact of shorter treatment duration, effects on minimal residual disease, and incorporation of novel combinations are also warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah M Stephens
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope, Room 4246, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Stephen E Spurgeon
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Knight Cancer Institute at Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
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48
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Kokhaei P, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Sotoodeh Jahromi A, Osterborg A, Mellstedt H, Hojjat-Farsangi M. Ibrutinib-A double-edge sword in cancer and autoimmune disorders. J Drug Target 2015; 24:373-85. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2015.1086357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parviz Kokhaei
- Cancer Research Center and Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran,
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Immune and Gene therapy Lab, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden,
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
| | | | - Anders Osterborg
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Immune and Gene therapy Lab, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden,
- Departments of Hematology and Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden, and
| | - Håkan Mellstedt
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Immune and Gene therapy Lab, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden,
- Departments of Hematology and Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden, and
| | - Mohammad Hojjat-Farsangi
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Immune and Gene therapy Lab, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden,
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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49
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Maffei R, Fiorcari S, Martinelli S, Potenza L, Luppi M, Marasca R. Targeting neoplastic B cells and harnessing microenvironment: the "double face" of ibrutinib and idelalisib. J Hematol Oncol 2015; 8:60. [PMID: 26022368 PMCID: PMC4459446 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-015-0157-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting signaling molecules downstream B cell receptor (BCR) are powerfully spreading in the therapeutic landscape of B cell lymphoproliferative disease, due to a manageable toxicity profile and encouraging clinical effectiveness. In particular, ibrutinib, previously called PCI-32765, is a potent inhibitor of Bruton tyrosine kinase (Btk), recently approved for the treatment of relapsed mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Moreover, idelalisib (formerly GS-1101 and CAL-101) is a selective reversible inhibitor of the p110δ isoform of phosphoinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) approved for the treatment of patients with relapsed follicular lymphoma (FL) and CLL. These agents directly affect the neoplastic clone, disrupting the supportive platform provided by BCR signaling cascade and by other microenvironmental mutualistic interactions, and also interfering with chemokine gradients and adhesive properties of neoplastic B cells. In the present review, we describe the clinical efficacy of ibrutinib and idelalisib in CLL and B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL), then focusing on the mode of action (MOA) of these TKIs towards the neoplastic B cell compartment. At last, the review would further expand the view on potential additional targets of ibrutinib and idelalisib belonging to other microenvironmental cellular elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Maffei
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy.
| | - Stefania Fiorcari
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy.
| | - Silvia Martinelli
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy.
| | - Leonardo Potenza
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy.
| | - Mario Luppi
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy.
| | - Roberto Marasca
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy.
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50
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Reduced MCMV Δm157 viral clearance in the absence of TSAd. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9219. [PMID: 25783199 PMCID: PMC4363830 DOI: 10.1038/srep09219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The T cell specific adapter protein (TSAd) is expressed in activated T cells and NK cells. While TSAd is beginning to emerge as a critical regulator of Lck and Itk activity in T cells, its role in NK cells has not yet been explored. Here we have examined susceptibility to virus infections in a murine model using various viral infection models. We report that TSAd-deficient mice display reduced clearance of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) that lack the viral MHC class I homologue m157, which is critical for Ly49H-mediated NK cell recognition of infected cells. In this infection model, NK cells contribute in the early stages of the disease, whereas CD8+ T cells are critical for viral clearance. We found that mice infected with MCMV Δm157 displayed reduced viral clearance in the spleen as well as reduced proliferation in spleen NK cells and CD8+ T cells in the absence of TSAd. Though no other immunophenotype was detected in the infection models tested, these data suggests that in the absence of the Ly49H ligand activation, NK cell and CD8+ T cell responses may be compromised in TSAd-deficient mice.
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