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Friedel J, Pierre S, Kolbinger A, Schäufele TJ, Aliraj B, Weigert A, Scholich K. Mast cell-derived interleukin-4 mediates activation of dendritic cell during toll-like receptor 2-mediated inflammation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1353922. [PMID: 38745645 PMCID: PMC11091258 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1353922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction During an innate inflammation, immune cells form distinct pro- and anti-inflammatory regions around pathogen-containing core-regions. Mast cells are localized in an anti-inflammatory microenvironment during the resolution of an innate inflammation, suggesting antiinflammatory roles of these cells. Methods High-content imaging was used to investigated mast cell-dependent changes in the regional distribution of immune cells during an inflammation, induced by the toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 agonist zymosan. Results The distance between the zymosan-containing core-region and the anti-inflammatory region, described by M2-like macrophages, increased in mast cell-deficient mice. Absence of mast cells abolished dendritic cell (DC) activation, as determined by CD86-expression and localized the DCs in greater distance to zymosan particles. The CD86- DCs had a higher expression of the pro-inflammatory interleukins (IL)-1β and IL-12/23p40 as compared to activated CD86+ DCs. IL-4 administration restored CD86 expression, cytokine expression profile and localization of the DCs in mast cell-deficient mice. The IL-4 effects were mast cell-specific, since IL-4 reduction by eosinophil depletion did not affect activation of DCs. Discussion We found that mast cells induce DC activation selectively at the site of inflammation and thereby determine their localization within the inflammation. Overall, mast cells have antiinflammatory functions in this inflammation model and limit the size of the pro-inflammatory region surrounding the zymosan-containing core region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joschua Friedel
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sandra Pierre
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anja Kolbinger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tim J. Schäufele
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Blerina Aliraj
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Klaus Scholich
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Frankfurt, Germany
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2
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Rubino V, Carriero F, Palatucci AT, Giovazzino A, Leone S, Nicolella V, Calabrò M, Montanaro R, Brancaleone V, Pane F, Chiurazzi F, Ruggiero G, Terrazzano G. Adaptive and Innate Cytotoxic Effectors in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL) Subjects with Stable Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119596. [PMID: 37298547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is characterised by the expansion of a neoplastic mature B cell clone. CLL clinical outcome is very heterogeneous, with some subjects never requiring therapy and some showing an aggressive disease. Genetic and epigenetic alterations and pro-inflammatory microenvironment influence CLL progression and prognosis. The involvement of immune-mediated mechanisms in CLL control needs to be investigated. We analyse the activation profile of innate and adaptive cytotoxic immune effectors in a cohort of 26 CLL patients with stable disease, as key elements for immune-mediated control of cancer progression. We observed an increase in CD54 expression and interferon (IFN)-γ production by cytotoxic T cells (CTL). CTL ability to recognise tumour-targets depends on human leukocyte antigens (HLA)-class I expression. We observed a decreased expression of HLA-A and HLA-BC on B cells of CLL subjects, associated with a significant reduction in intracellular calnexin that is relevant for HLA surface expression. Natural killer (NK) cells and CTL from CLL subjects show an increased expression of the activating receptor KIR2DS2 and a reduction of 3DL1 and NKG2A inhibiting molecules. Therefore, an activation profile characterises CTL and NK cells of CLL subjects with stable disease. This profile is conceivable with the functional involvement of cytotoxic effectors in CLL control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Rubino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Flavia Carriero
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | | | - Angela Giovazzino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Leone
- Division of Hematology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Valerio Nicolella
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Calabrò
- Division of Hematology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Fabrizio Pane
- Division of Hematology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Federico Chiurazzi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Ruggiero
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
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3
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Gao M, Liu S, Chatham WW, Mountz JD, Hsu HC. IL-4-Induced Quiescence of Resting Naive B Cells Is Disrupted in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:1513-1522. [PMID: 36165181 PMCID: PMC9741951 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Activated naive (aNAV) B cells have been shown to be the precursor of the CD11c+T-bet+ IgD-CD27- double-negative (DN)2 or atypical memory (aMEM) B cells in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). To determine factors that maintain resting naive (rNAV) B cells, the transcriptomic program in naive (IGHD+IGHM +) B cells in human healthy control subjects (HC) and subjects with SLE was analyzed by single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis. In HC, naive B cells expressed IL-4 pathway genes, whereas in SLE, naive B cells expressed type I IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). In HC, aNAV B cells exhibited upregulation of the gene signature of germinal center and classical memory (cMEM) B cells. In contrast, in SLE, aNAV B cells expressed signature genes of aMEM. In vitro exposure of SLE B cells to IL-4 promoted B cell development into CD27+CD38+ plasmablasts/plasma and IgD-CD27+ cMEM B cells. The same treatment blocked the development of CD11c+Tbet+ aNAV and DN2 B cells and preserved DN B cells as CD11c-Tbet- DN1 B cells. Lower expression of IL-4R and increased intracellular IFN-β in naive B cells was correlated with the accumulation of CD21-IgD- B cells and the development of anti-Smith and anti-DNA autoantibodies in patients with SLE (n = 47). Our results show that IL-4R and type I IFN signaling in naive B cells induce the development of distinct lineages of cMEM versus aMEM B cells, respectively. Furthermore, diminished IL-4R signaling shifted activated B cell development from the DN1 to the DN2 trajectory in patients with SLE. Therapies that enhance IL-4R signaling may be beneficial for ISGhi SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gao
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; and
| | - Shanrun Liu
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; and
| | - W Winn Chatham
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; and
| | - John D Mountz
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; and
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL
| | - Hui-Chen Hsu
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; and
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL
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4
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Guo L, Wei RX, Sun R, Yang Q, Li GJ, Wang LY, Luo HB, Feng M. "Cytokine-microfactories" recruit DCs and deliver tumor antigens via gap junctions for immunotherapy. J Control Release 2021; 337:417-430. [PMID: 34324896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The majority (~80%) of patients with cancer do not derive clinical benefit from current immunotherapy, largely due to attenuation of immune responses imposed by robust immunosuppression at tumor sites. Here, a cell-based tumor antigen delivery strategy was developed to boost tumor-specific immunity. Notably, the platform constructing ferric oxide nanoparticle-trained macrophages loading tumor antigens (MFe-N) acquired an immunostimulatory program and functioned as the tumoritropic "cytokine-microfactories" to sustainably produce high levels of multiple therapeutic cytokines (GM-CSF, TNFα, and MIP-1α), which are important in activation of immune cells with antitumor potential. Indeed, MFe-N markedly enhanced recruitment of the professional antigen-presenting cells, dendritic cells (DCs), to the tumor sites of an established B16F10 mouse melanoma model. Subsequently, MFe-N effectively delivered tumor antigens to DCs by gap junction-mediated cell-to-cell transmission. And this trafficking was critical for DC maturation to augment antitumor T-cell responses. Simultaneously, the "cytokine-microfactories" elicited high production of the tumoricidal effectors, and in turn blunted the pro-angiogenic activity of tumor-associated macrophages, resulting in conversion of the tumor-supporting milieu to a tumoricidal function that favored infiltration of antitumor T-cells. The findings provided a novel "cytokine-microfactories" harnessing effective delivery of tumor antigens and production of therapeutic cytokines to robustly promote antigen presentation and reshape the tumor immune milieu for priming antitumor immunity. This can enhance existing T-cell mediated immunotherapeutic potency and extend the curative potential immunotherapy to a broader range of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Run-Xiu Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Ran Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Qiang Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Gao-Jie Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Ling-Yun Wang
- Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China.
| | - Hai-Bin Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Min Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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5
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Guo P, Yang L, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Tong Y, Cao Y, Liu J. A Monocyte-Orchestrated IFN-I-to-IL-4 Cytokine Axis Instigates Protumoral Macrophages and Thwarts Poly(I:C) Therapy. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:408-420. [PMID: 34193600 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Type I IFNs (IFN-I) are important for tumor immune surveillance and contribute to the therapeutic responses for numerous treatment regimens. Nevertheless, certain protumoral activities by IFN-I have been increasingly recognized. Indeed, our recent work showed that systemic poly(I:C)/IFN treatment can undesirably trigger high arginase (ARG1) expression within the tumor-associated monocyte/macrophage compartment. Using a line of CRISPR-generated Arg1-YFP reporter knock-in mice, we have determined that a subset of tumor-associated macrophages represent the major Arg1-expressing cell type following poly(I:C)/IFN stimulation. More detailed analyses from in vitro and in vivo models demonstrate a surprising IFN-to-IL-4 cytokine axis in transitional monocytes, which can subsequently stimulate IL-4 target genes, including Arg1, in macrophages. Intriguingly, IFN stimulation of transitional monocytes yielded concurrent M2 (YFP+)- and M1 (YFP-)-skewed macrophage subsets, correlated with an inhibitory crosstalk between IFN-I and IL-4. Genetic abrogation of IL-4 signaling in mice diminished poly(I:C)/IFN-induced ARG1 in tumors, leading to enhanced activation of CD8+ T cells and an improved therapeutic effect. The present work uncovered a monocyte-orchestrated macrophage phenotype conversion mechanism that may have broad implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; and.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Limin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; and.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengfan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Yuyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; and.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Yanlan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; and.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianghuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; and .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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6
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Lam JH, Smith FL, Baumgarth N. B Cell Activation and Response Regulation During Viral Infections. Viral Immunol 2020; 33:294-306. [PMID: 32326852 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2019.0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute viral infections are characterized by rapid increases in viral load, leading to cellular damage and the resulting induction of complex innate and adaptive antiviral immune responses that cause local and systemic inflammation. Successful antiviral immunity requires the activation of many immune cells, including T cells, natural killer cells, and macrophages. B cells play a unique part through their production of antibodies that can both neutralize and clear viral particles before virus entry into a cell. Protective antibodies are produced even before the first exposure of a pathogen, through the regulated secretion of so-called natural antibodies that are generated even in the complete absence of prior microbial exposure. An early wave of rapidly secreted antibodies from extrafollicular (EF) responses draws on the preexisting naive or memory repertoire of B cells to induce a strong protective response that in kinetics tightly follows the clearance of acute infections, such as with influenza virus. Finally, the generation of germinal centers (GCs) provides long-term protection through production of long-lived plasma cells and memory B cells, which shape and broaden the B cell repertoire for more effective responses following repeat exposures. In this study, we review B cell responses to acute viral infections, primarily influenza virus, from the earliest nonspecific B-1 cell to early, antigen-specific EF responses and finally to GC responses. Throughout, we address known factors that lead to distinct B cell response outcomes and discuss how their functions effect viral clearance, highlighting the critical contributions of each response type to the induction of highly protective antiviral humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Lam
- Graduate Group in Immunology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Center for Comparative Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Fauna L Smith
- Center for Comparative Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Integrated Pathobiology Graduate Group, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Nicole Baumgarth
- Graduate Group in Immunology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Center for Comparative Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Integrated Pathobiology Graduate Group, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
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7
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Mountz JD, Hsu HC, Ballesteros-Tato A. Dysregulation of T Follicular Helper Cells in Lupus. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 202:1649-1658. [PMID: 30833421 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although multiple and overlapping mechanisms are ultimately responsible for the immunopathology observed in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, autoreactive Abs secreted by autoreactive plasma cells (PCs) are considered to play a critical role in disease progression and immunopathology. Given that PCs derive from the germinal centers (GC), long-term dysregulated GC reactions are often associated with the development of spontaneous autoantibody responses and immunopathology in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. In this review, we summarize the emerging evidence concerning the roles of T follicular helper cells in regulating pathogenic GC and autoreactive PC responses in lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Mountz
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294; and .,Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35233
| | - Hui-Chen Hsu
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294; and
| | - Andre Ballesteros-Tato
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294; and
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8
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Qiu CC, Atencio AE, Gallucci S. Inhibition of fatty acid metabolism by etomoxir or TOFA suppresses murine dendritic cell activation without affecting viability. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2019; 41:361-369. [PMID: 31155984 PMCID: PMC10724852 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2019.1616754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Dendritic cells (DCs) are important players in immunity against pathogens, but overactive DCs have been implicated in autoimmune diseases, like lupus, in which a paucity of targeted therapies remains. Recent research shows that DCs upregulate their immunometabolism when activating. We explored whether modulating fatty acid (FA) metabolism needed for oxidative phosphorylation can affect the activation of two main DC subsets. Material and methods: Sorted murine plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) and conventional DCs (cDCs), generated in FLT3-L medium, were treated with etomoxir, an inhibitor of FA oxidation, or TOFA, an inhibitor of FA synthesis, then stimulated with TLR9 agonist CpGA. Surface activation markers and viability were analyzed by flow cytometry, cytokine, and chemokine production and were measured by ELISA. Results: Modulation of FA metabolism suppressed the upregulation of costimulatory molecules and the production of proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 and type I Interferon-dependent chemokine CXCL10 by both subsets of DCs, without affecting DC viability, neither of resting DCs or upon activation. Etomoxir inhibited pDCs at lower doses than cDCs, suggesting that pDCs may be more susceptible to FA metabolic modulation. Conclusions: Both cDCs, the primary antigen presenting cell, and pDCs, the primary type I IFN producer, exhibit a suppressed ability to activate but normal viability when their FA metabolism is inhibited by etomoxir or TOFA. Our findings indicate that FA metabolism plays an important role in the activation of both pDCs and cDCs and suggest that its modulation is an exploitable therapeutic target to suppress DC activation in inflammation or autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie C Qiu
- a Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology , Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Atilio E Atencio
- a Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology , Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Stefania Gallucci
- a Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology , Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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9
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Seliga A, Lee MH, Fernandes NC, Zuluaga-Ramirez V, Didukh M, Persidsky Y, Potula R, Gallucci S, Sriram U. Kallikrein-Kinin System Suppresses Type I Interferon Responses: A Novel Pathway of Interferon Regulation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:156. [PMID: 29456540 PMCID: PMC5801412 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Kallikrein–Kinin System (KKS), comprised of kallikreins (klks), bradykinins (BKs) angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and many other molecules, regulates a number of physiological processes, including inflammation, coagulation, angiogenesis, and control of blood pressure. In this report, we show that KKS regulates Type I IFN responses, thought to be important in lupus pathogenesis. We used CpG (TLR9 ligand), R848 (TLR7 ligand), or recombinant IFN-α to induce interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and proteins, and observed that this response was markedly diminished by BKs, klk1 (tissue kallikrein), or captopril (an ACE inhibitor). BKs significantly decreased the ISGs induced by TLRs in vitro and in vivo (in normal and lupus-prone mice), and in human PBMCs, especially the induction of Irf7 gene (p < 0.05), the master regulator of Type I IFNs. ISGs induced by IFN-α were also suppressed by the KKS. MHC Class I upregulation, a classic response to Type I IFNs, was reduced by BKs in murine dendritic cells (DCs). BKs decreased phosphorylation of STAT2 molecules that mediate IFN signaling. Among the secreted pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines analyzed (IL-6, IL12p70, and CXCL10), the strongest suppressive effect was on CXCL10, a highly Type I IFN-dependent cytokine, upon CpG stimulation, both in normal and lupus-prone DCs. klks that break down into BKs, also suppressed CpG-induced ISGs in murine DCs. Captopril, a drug that inhibits ACE and increases BK, suppressed ISGs, both in mouse DCs and human PBMCs. The effects of BK were reversed with indomethacin (compound that inhibits production of PGE2), suggesting that BK suppression of IFN responses may be mediated via prostaglandins. These results highlight a novel regulatory mechanism in which members of the KKS control the Type I IFN response and suggest a role for modulators of IFNs in the pathogenesis of lupus and interferonopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alecia Seliga
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michael Hweemoon Lee
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nicole C Fernandes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Viviana Zuluaga-Ramirez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Marta Didukh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yuri Persidsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Raghava Potula
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Stefania Gallucci
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Uma Sriram
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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10
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Hoya M, Nagamatsu T, Fujii T, Schust DJ, Oda H, Akiba N, Iriyama T, Kawana K, Osuga Y, Fujii T. Impact of Th1/Th2 cytokine polarity induced by invariant NKT cells on the incidence of pregnancy loss in mice. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 79. [PMID: 29363849 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the association of Th1/Th2 polarity induced by CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells with pregnancy outcome. METHODS Two types of iNKT cell stimulants with different cytokine induction properties, alpha-galactosylceramide (AGC; Th1-biased inducer), and a sphingosine-truncated derivative of AGC (OCH; Th2-biased inducer) were administered to pregnant mice on day 9.5 post-coitus (pc), and the incidence of pregnancy loss was evaluated. Serum Th1/Th2 cytokine levels after the iNKT cell stimulations were assessed. Cytokine production from cultured splenocytes following iNKT cell activation was analyzed. RESULTS No fetal loss was observed after OCH administration, in clear contrast with the high frequency of pregnancy loss after AGC exposure. High serum levels of IL-4 and IL-10 were detected upon OCH administration, whereas a temporary surge of IFN-γ was observed after AGC administration. In splenocyte cultures, increases in IL-4 and IL-10 were noted after OCH administration, whereas IL-12 production was enhanced by AGC. Additionally, AGC-induced pregnancy loss was inhibited by IL-4 administration. CONCLUSION The resistance of mouse pregnancy to iNKT cell stimulation by OCH and the prevention of AGC-induced fetal loss by IL-4 were demonstrated. In pregnancy, the regulation of Th1/Th2 polarity by iNKT cells is a key to healthy fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Hoya
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nagamatsu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Fujii
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Danny J Schust
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Hiroko Oda
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Akiba
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Iriyama
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Kawana
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Osuga
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujii
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Baraldo S, Papi A, Saetta M, Contoli M. IFN-α/IFN-λ responses to respiratory viruses in paediatric asthma. Eur Respir J 2017; 49:49/3/1602489. [PMID: 28356375 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02489-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Baraldo
- Dept of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, Section of Respiratory Diseases, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Papi
- Dept of Medical Sciences, Section of Respiratory Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marina Saetta
- Dept of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, Section of Respiratory Diseases, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Contoli
- Dept of Medical Sciences, Section of Respiratory Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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12
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Xu J, Lee MH, Chakhtoura M, Green BL, Kotredes KP, Chain RW, Sriram U, Gamero AM, Gallucci S. STAT2 Is Required for TLR-Induced Murine Dendritic Cell Activation and Cross-Presentation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:326-36. [PMID: 27233962 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
TLR-stimulated cross-presentation by conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) is important in host defense and antitumor immunity. We recently reported that cDCs lacking the type I IFN signaling molecule STAT2 are impaired in cross-presenting tumor Ags to CD8(+) T cells. To investigate how STAT2 affects cross-presentation, we determined its requirements for dendritic cell activation. In this study, we report that STAT2 is essential for the activation of murine female cDCs upon TLR3, -4, -7, and -9 stimulation. In response to various TLR ligands, Stat2(-/-) cDCs displayed reduced expression of costimulatory molecules and type I IFN-stimulated genes. The cDC responses to exogenous IFN-α that we evaluated required STAT2 activation, indicating that the canonical STAT1-STAT2 heterodimers are the primary signaling transducers of type I IFNs in cDCs. Interestingly, LPS-induced production of IL-12 was STAT2 and type I IFN receptor (IFNAR) dependent, whereas LPS-induced production of TNF-α and IL-6 was STAT2 and IFNAR independent, suggesting a specific role of the IFNAR-STAT2 axis in the stimulation of proinflammatory cytokines by LPS in cDCs. In contrast, R848- and CpG-induced cytokine production was less influenced by the IFNAR-STAT2 axis. Short kinetics and IFNAR blockade studies showed that STAT2 main function is to transduce signals triggered by autocrine type I IFNs. Importantly, Stat2(-/-) cDCs were deficient in cross-presenting to CD8(+) T cells in vitro upon IFN-α, CpG, and LPS stimulation, and also in cross-priming and licensing cytotoxic T cell killers in vivo. We conclude that STAT2 plays a critical role in TLR-induced dendritic cell activation and cross-presentation, and thus is vital in host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Michael H Lee
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Marita Chakhtoura
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Benjamin L Green
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Kevin P Kotredes
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140; and
| | - Robert W Chain
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Uma Sriram
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Ana M Gamero
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140; and
| | - Stefania Gallucci
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140;
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13
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Alpha 1 Antitrypsin Inhibits Dendritic Cell Activation and Attenuates Nephritis in a Mouse Model of Lupus. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156583. [PMID: 27232337 PMCID: PMC4883758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder with a worldwide distribution and considerable mortality and morbidity. Although the pathogenesis of this disease remains elusive, over-reactive dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in the disease development. It has been shown that human alpha-1 antitrypsin (hAAT) has protective effects in type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis mouse models. In the present study, we tested the effect of AAT on DC differentiation and functions, as well as its protective effect in a lupus-prone mouse model. We showed that hAAT treatment significantly inhibited LPS (TLR4 agonist) and CpG (TLR9 agonist) -induced bone-marrow (BM)-derived conventional and plasmacytoid DC (cDC and pDC) activation and reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines including IFN-I, TNF-α and IL-1β. In MRL/lpr mice, hAAT treatment significantly reduced BM-derived DC differentiation, serum autoantibody levels, and importantly attenuated renal pathology. Our results for the first time demonstrate that hAAT inhibits DC activation and function, and it also attenuates autoimmunity and renal damage in the MRL/lpr lupus model. These results imply that hAAT has a therapeutic potential for the treatment of SLE in humans.
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14
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Beale J, Jayaraman A, Jackson DJ, Macintyre JDR, Edwards MR, Walton RP, Zhu J, Man Ching Y, Shamji B, Edwards M, Westwick J, Cousins DJ, Yi Hwang Y, McKenzie A, Johnston SL, Bartlett NW. Rhinovirus-induced IL-25 in asthma exacerbation drives type 2 immunity and allergic pulmonary inflammation. Sci Transl Med 2015; 6:256ra134. [PMID: 25273095 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3009124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Rhinoviruses (RVs), which are the most common cause of virally induced asthma exacerbations, account for much of the burden of asthma in terms of morbidity, mortality, and associated cost. Interleukin-25 (IL-25) activates type 2-driven inflammation and is therefore potentially important in virally induced asthma exacerbations. To investigate this, we examined whether RV-induced IL-25 could contribute to asthma exacerbations. RV-infected cultured asthmatic bronchial epithelial cells exhibited a heightened intrinsic capacity for IL-25 expression, which correlated with donor atopic status. In vivo human IL-25 expression was greater in asthmatics at baseline and during experimental RV infection. In addition, in mice, RV infection induced IL-25 expression and augmented allergen-induced IL-25. Blockade of the IL-25 receptor reduced many RV-induced exacerbation-specific responses including type 2 cytokine expression, mucus production, and recruitment of eosinophils, neutrophils, basophils, and T and non-T type 2 cells. Therefore, asthmatic epithelial cells have an increased intrinsic capacity for expression of a pro-type 2 cytokine in response to a viral infection, and IL-25 is a key mediator of RV-induced exacerbations of pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Beale
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK.,Centre for Respiratory Infections, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Annabelle Jayaraman
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK.,Centre for Respiratory Infections, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David J Jackson
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK.,Centre for Respiratory Infections, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, London, UK
| | - Jonathan D R Macintyre
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK.,Centre for Respiratory Infections, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, London, UK
| | - Michael R Edwards
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK.,Centre for Respiratory Infections, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ross P Walton
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK.,Centre for Respiratory Infections, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jie Zhu
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK.,Centre for Respiratory Infections, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yee Man Ching
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK.,Centre for Respiratory Infections, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Betty Shamji
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Horsham, UK
| | - Matt Edwards
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Horsham, UK
| | - John Westwick
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Horsham, UK
| | - David J Cousins
- MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK.,Division of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology, King College London, UK
| | - You Yi Hwang
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Sebastian L Johnston
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK.,MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK.,Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, London, UK
| | - Nathan W Bartlett
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK.,Centre for Respiratory Infections, Imperial College London, London, UK
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15
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Akiyama H, Ramirez NGP, Gudheti MV, Gummuluru S. CD169-mediated trafficking of HIV to plasma membrane invaginations in dendritic cells attenuates efficacy of anti-gp120 broadly neutralizing antibodies. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004751. [PMID: 25760631 PMCID: PMC4356592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) can capture HIV-1 via the receptor CD169/Siglec-1 that binds to the ganglioside, GM3, in the virus particle membrane. In turn, HIV-1 particles captured by CD169, an I-type lectin, whose expression on DCs is enhanced upon maturation with LPS, are protected from degradation in CD169+ virus-containing compartments (VCCs) and disseminated to CD4+ T cells, a mechanism of DC-mediated HIV-1 trans-infection. In this study, we describe the mechanism of VCC formation and its role in immune evasion mechanisms of HIV-1. We find HIV-1-induced formation of VCCs is restricted to myeloid cells, and that the cytoplasmic tail of CD169 is dispensable for HIV-1 trafficking and retention within VCCs and subsequent trans-infection to CD4+ T cells. Interestingly, introduction of a di-aromatic endocytic motif in the cytoplasmic tail of CD169 that results in endocytosis of HIV-1 particles, suppressed CD169-mediated HIV-1 trans-infection. Furthermore, super-resolution microscopy revealed close association of CD169 and HIV-1 particles in surface-accessible but deep plasma membrane invaginations. Intriguingly, HIV-1 particles in deep VCCs were inefficiently accessed by anti-gp120 broadly neutralizing antibodies, VRC01 and NIH45-46 G54W, and thus were less susceptible to neutralization. Our study suggests that HIV-1 capture by CD169 can provide virus evasion from both innate (phagocytosis) and adaptive immune responses. Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen presenting cells, and their sentinel roles are important to elicit a potent antiviral immunity. However, HIV-1 has exploited DCs to spread infection by several mechanisms. One such mechanism is the DC-mediated trans-infection pathway, whereby DCs transmit captured virus to CD4+ T cells. We have recently identified the type I interferon (IFN-I) inducible protein, CD169, as a receptor on DCs which mediates HIV-1 capture and trans-infection. We have also demonstrated extensive co-localization of HIV-1 with CD169 within peripheral non-lysosomal compartments in DCs, although the mechanism and biological importance of the compartment formation remain unclear. Here in this study, we report that a myeloid cell specific co-factor interacts with CD169 following virus capture leading to compartment formation. This co-factor is induced in DCs by an IFN-I-inducing TLR ligand LPS, but not by IFN-I itself. Though the CD169+ HIV-1 containing compartments are surface-accessible, these compartments have considerable depth and are connected to the surface, such that captured virus particles localized within these unique structures are protected from detection by anti-gp120 broadly neutralizing antibodies. Our study suggests that CD169–HIV-1 interaction provides an evasion mechanism from degradation by phagocytosis and neutralization by anti-viral humoral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Akiyama
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nora-Guadalupe Pina Ramirez
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Manasa V. Gudheti
- Bruker Nano Surfaces, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Suryaram Gummuluru
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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Gielen V, Sykes A, Zhu J, Chan B, Macintyre J, Regamey N, Kieninger E, Gupta A, Shoemark A, Bossley C, Davies J, Saglani S, Walker P, Nicholson SE, Dalpke AH, Kon OM, Bush A, Johnston SL, Edwards MR. Increased nuclear suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 in asthmatic bronchial epithelium suppresses rhinovirus induction of innate interferons. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:177-188.e11. [PMID: 25630941 PMCID: PMC4541718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Rhinovirus infections are the dominant cause of asthma exacerbations, and deficient virus induction of IFN-α/β/λ in asthmatic patients is important in asthma exacerbation pathogenesis. Mechanisms causing this interferon deficiency in asthmatic patients are unknown. Objective We sought to investigate the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 1 in tissues from asthmatic patients and its possible role in impaired virus-induced interferon induction in these patients. Methods We assessed SOCS1 mRNA and protein levels in vitro, bronchial biopsy specimens, and mice. The role of SOCS1 was inferred by proof-of-concept studies using overexpression with reporter genes and SOCS1-deficient mice. A nuclear role of SOCS1 was shown by using bronchial biopsy staining, overexpression of mutant SOCS1 constructs, and confocal microscopy. SOCS1 levels were also correlated with asthma-related clinical outcomes. Results We report induction of SOCS1 in bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) by asthma exacerbation–related cytokines and by rhinovirus infection in vitro. We found that SOCS1 was increased in vivo in bronchial epithelium and related to asthma severity. SOCS1 expression was also increased in primary BECs from asthmatic patients ex vivo and was related to interferon deficiency and increased viral replication. In primary human epithelium, mouse lung macrophages, and SOCS1-deficient mice, SOCS1 suppressed rhinovirus induction of interferons. Suppression of virus-induced interferon levels was dependent on SOCS1 nuclear translocation but independent of proteasomal degradation of transcription factors. Nuclear SOCS1 levels were also increased in BECs from asthmatic patients. Conclusion We describe a novel mechanism explaining interferon deficiency in asthmatic patients through a novel nuclear function of SOCS1 and identify SOCS1 as an important therapeutic target for asthma exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Gielen
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Respiratory Infection, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Annemarie Sykes
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Respiratory Infection, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jie Zhu
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Respiratory Infection, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Chan
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Macintyre
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Respiratory Infection, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Atul Gupta
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom; Respiratory Pediatrics, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amelia Shoemark
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom; Respiratory Pediatrics, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cara Bossley
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom; Respiratory Pediatrics, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Davies
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom; Respiratory Pediatrics, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sejal Saglani
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom; Respiratory Pediatrics, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Walker
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandra E Nicholson
- Walter & Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Australia; Department of Medical Biology of the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Alexander H Dalpke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Onn-Min Kon
- Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Bush
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom; Respiratory Pediatrics, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian L Johnston
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Respiratory Infection, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R Edwards
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Respiratory Infection, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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17
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Yue C, Xu J, Tan Estioko MD, Kotredes KP, Lopez-Otalora Y, Hilliard BA, Baker DP, Gallucci S, Gamero AM. Host STAT2/type I interferon axis controls tumor growth. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:117-26. [PMID: 24895110 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The role of STAT2 in mediating the antigrowth effects of type I interferon (IFN) is well-documented in vitro. Yet evidence of IFN-activated STAT2 as having tumor suppressor function in vivo and participation in antitumor immunity is lacking. Here we show in a syngeneic tumor transplantation model that STAT2 reduces tumor growth. Stat2(-/-) mice formed larger tumors compared to wild type (WT) mice. IFN-β treatment of Stat2(-/-) mice did not cause tumor regression. Gene expression analysis revealed a small subset of immunomodulatory genes to be downregulated in tumors established in Stat2(-/-) mice. Additionally, we found tumor antigen cross-presentation by Stat2(-/-) dendritic cells to T cells to be impaired. Adoptive transfer of tumor antigen specific CD8(+) T cells primed by Stat2(-/-) dendritic cells into tumor-bearing Stat2(-/-) mice did not induce tumor regression with IFN-β intervention. We observed that an increase in the number of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the draining lymph nodes of IFN-β-treated tumor-bearing WT mice was absent in IFN-β treated Stat2(-/-) mice. Thus our study provides evidence for further evaluation of STAT2 function in cancer patients receiving type I IFN based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanyu Yue
- Department of Biochemistry, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
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18
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Xu J, Zoltick PW, Gamero AM, Gallucci S. TLR ligands up-regulate Trex1 expression in murine conventional dendritic cells through type I Interferon and NF-κB-dependent signaling pathways. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 96:93-103. [PMID: 24598055 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2a0713-393rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the Trex1 are associated with a spectrum of type I IFN-dependent autoimmune diseases. Trex1 plays an essential role in preventing accumulation of excessive cytoplasmic DNA, avoiding cell-intrinsic innate DNA sensor activation and suppressing activation of type I IFN-stimulated and -independent antiviral genes. Trex1 also helps HIV to escape cytoplasmic detection by DNA sensors. However, regulation of Trex1 in innate immune cells remains elusive. We report that murine cDCs have high constitutive expression of Trex1 in vitro and in vivo in the spleen. In resting bone marrow-derived cDCs, type I IFNs up-regulate Trex1 expression via the IFNAR-mediated signaling pathway (STAT1- and STAT2-dependent). DC activation induced by TLR3, -4, -7, and -9 ligands also augments Trex1 expression through autocrine IFN-β production and triggering of the IFN signaling pathway, whereas TLR4 ligand LPS also stimulates an early expression of Trex1 through IFN-independent NF-κB-dependent signaling pathway. Furthermore, retroviral infection also induces Trex1 up-regulation in cDCs, as we found that a gene therapy HIV-1-based lentiviral vector induces significant Trex1 expression, suggesting that Trex1 may affect local and systemic administration of gene-therapy vehicles. Our data indicate that Trex1 is induced in cDCs during activation upon IFN and TLR stimulation through the canonical IFN signaling pathway and suggest that Trex1 may play a role in DC activation during infection and autoimmunity. Finally, these results suggest that HIV-like viruses may up-regulate Trex1 to increase their ability to escape immunosurveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and
| | - Philip W Zoltick
- Department of Surgery, The Children's Center for Fetal Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ana M Gamero
- Department of Biochemistry, Temple University, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; and
| | - Stefania Gallucci
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and
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19
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Sriram U, Xu J, Chain RW, Varghese L, Chakhtoura M, Bennett HL, Zoltick PW, Gallucci S. IL-4 suppresses the responses to TLR7 and TLR9 stimulation and increases the permissiveness to retroviral infection of murine conventional dendritic cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87668. [PMID: 24489947 PMCID: PMC3906189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Th2-inducing pathological conditions such as parasitic diseases increase susceptibility to viral infections through yet unclear mechanisms. We have previously reported that IL-4, a pivotal Th2 cytokine, suppresses the response of murine bone-marrow-derived conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) and splenic DCs to Type I interferons (IFNs). Here, we analyzed cDC responses to TLR7 and TLR9 ligands, R848 and CpGs, respectively. We found that IL-4 suppressed the gene expression of IFNβ and IFN-responsive genes (IRGs) upon TLR7 and TLR9 stimulation. IL-4 also inhibited IFN-dependent MHC Class I expression and amplification of IFN signaling pathways triggered upon TLR stimulation, as indicated by the suppression of IRF7 and STAT2. Moreover, IL-4 suppressed TLR7- and TLR9-induced cDC production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα, IL-12p70 and IL-6 by inhibiting IFN-dependent and NFκB-dependent responses. IL-4 similarly suppressed TLR responses in splenic DCs. IL-4 inhibition of IRGs and pro-inflammatory cytokine production upon TLR7 and TLR9 stimulation was STAT6-dependent, since DCs from STAT6-KO mice were resistant to the IL-4 suppression. Analysis of SOCS molecules (SOCS1, −2 and −3) showed that IL-4 induces SOCS1 and SOCS2 in a STAT6 dependent manner and suggest that IL-4 suppression could be mediated by SOCS molecules, in particular SOCS2. IL-4 also decreased the IFN response and increased permissiveness to viral infection of cDCs exposed to a HIV-based lentivirus. Our results indicate that IL-4 modulates and counteracts pro-inflammatory stimulation induced by TLR7 and TLR9 and it may negatively affect responses against viruses and intracellular parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Sriram
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (US); (SG)
| | - Jun Xu
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Robert W. Chain
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Linda Varghese
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Marita Chakhtoura
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Heather L. Bennett
- Joseph Stokes, Jr. Research Institute, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Philip W. Zoltick
- Department of Surgery, The Children's Center for Fetal Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Stefania Gallucci
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (US); (SG)
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20
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Abstract
Chronic infections with persistent pathogens such as helminths, mycobacteria, Plasmodium, and hepatitis viruses affect more than a third of the human population and are associated with increased susceptibility to other pathogens as well as reduced vaccine efficacy. Although these observations suggest an impact of chronic infections in modulating immunity to unrelated antigens, little is known regarding the underlying mechanisms. Here, we summarize evidence of the most prevalent infections affecting immunity to unrelated pathogens and vaccines, and discuss potential mechanisms of how different bystander chronic infections might impact immune responses. We suggest that bystander chronic infections affect different stages of host responses and may impact transmission and recognition of other pathogens, innate immune responses, priming and differentiation of adaptive effector responses, as well as the development and maintenance of immunological memory. Further understanding of the immunological effects of coinfection should provide opportunities to enhance vaccine efficacy and control of infectious diseases.
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21
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Blanchet FP, Stalder R, Czubala M, Lehmann M, Rio L, Mangeat B, Piguet V. TLR-4 engagement of dendritic cells confers a BST-2/tetherin-mediated restriction of HIV-1 infection to CD4+ T cells across the virological synapse. Retrovirology 2013; 10:6. [PMID: 23311681 PMCID: PMC3561259 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-10-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dendritic cells and their subsets, located at mucosal surfaces, are among the first immune cells to encounter disseminating pathogens. The cellular restriction factor BST-2/tetherin (also known as CD317 or HM1.24) potently restricts HIV-1 release by retaining viral particles at the cell surface in many cell types, including primary cells such as macrophages. However, BST-2/tetherin does not efficiently restrict HIV-1 infection in immature dendritic cells. Results We now report that BST-2/tetherin expression in myeloid (myDC) and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC) can be significantly up-regulated by IFN-α treatment and TLR-4 engagement with LPS. In contrast to HeLa or 293T cells, infectious HIV-1 release in immature DC and IFN-α–matured DC was only modestly affected in the absence of Vpu compared to wild-type viruses. Strikingly, immunofluorescence analysis revealed that BST-2/tetherin was excluded from HIV containing tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs) in both immature DC and IFN-α–matured DC. In contrast, in LPS-mediated mature DC, BST-2/tetherin exerted a significant restriction in transfer of HIV-1 infection to CD4+ T cells. Additionally, LPS, but not IFN-α stimulation of immature DC, leads to a dramatic redistribution of cellular restriction factors to the TEM as well as at the virological synapse between DC and CD4+ T cells. Conclusions In conclusion, we demonstrate that TLR-4 engagement in immature DC significantly up-regulates the intrinsic antiviral activity of BST-2/tetherin, during cis-infection of CD4+ T cells across the DC/T cell virological synapse. Manipulating the function and potency of cellular restriction factors such as BST-2/tetherin to HIV-1 infection, has implications in the design of antiviral therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien P Blanchet
- Department of Dermatology and Wound Healing, Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, 3rd Floor, Glamorgan house, Heath Park, Wales, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
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Baraldo S, Contoli M, Bazzan E, Turato G, Padovani A, Marku B, Calabrese F, Caramori G, Ballarin A, Snijders D, Barbato A, Saetta M, Papi A. Deficient antiviral immune responses in childhood: distinct roles of atopy and asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 130:1307-14. [PMID: 22981791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired immune response to viral infections in atopic asthmatic patients has been recently reported and debated. Whether this condition is present in childhood and whether it is affected by atopy per se deserves further investigation. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate airway interferon production in response to rhinovirus infection in children who are asthmatic, atopic, or both and its correlation with the airway inflammatory profile. METHODS Bronchial biopsy specimens and epithelial cells were obtained from 47 children (mean age, 5 ± 0.5 years) undergoing bronchoscopy. The study population included asthmatic children who were either atopic or nonatopic, atopic children without asthma, and children without atopy or asthma. Rhinovirus type 16 induction of IFN-λ and IFN-β mRNA and protein levels was assessed in bronchial epithelial cell cultures. The immunoinflammatory profile was evaluated by means of immunohistochemistry in bronchial biopsy specimens. RESULTS Rhinovirus type 16-induced interferon production was significantly reduced in atopic asthmatic, nonatopic asthmatic, and atopic nonasthmatic children compared with that seen in nonatopic nonasthmatic children (all P < .05). Increased rhinovirus viral RNA levels paralleled this deficient interferon induction. Additionally, IFN-λ and IFN-β induction correlated inversely with the airway T(H)2 immunopathologic profile (eosinophilia and IL-4 positivity: P < .05 and r = -0.38 and P < .05 and r = -0.58, respectively) and with epithelial damage (P < .05 and r = -0.55). Furthermore, total serum IgE levels correlated negatively with rhinovirus-induced IFN-λ mRNA levels (P < .05 and r = -0.41) and positively with rhinovirus viral RNA levels (P < .05 and r = 0.44). CONCLUSIONS Deficient interferon responses to rhinovirus infection are present in childhood in asthmatic subjects irrespective of their atopic status and in atopic patients without asthma. These findings suggest that deficient immune responses to viral infections are not limited to patients with atopic asthma but are present in those with other T(H)2-oriented conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Baraldo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, Section of Respiratory Diseases, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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Sun H, Zhuang G, Chai L, Wang Z, Johnson D, Ma Y, Chen YH. TIPE2 controls innate immunity to RNA by targeting the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Rac pathway. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:2768-73. [PMID: 22904303 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
RNA receptors such as TLR3 and retinoid acid-inducible gene I/melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 play essential roles in innate immunity to RNA viruses. However, how innate immunity to RNAs is controlled at the molecular level is not well understood. We describe in this study a new regulatory pathway of anti-RNA immunity that is composed of PI3K, its target GTPase Rac, and the newly described immune regulator TNF-α-induced protein 8 like-2 (TIPE2, or TNFAIP8L2). Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [Poly (I:C)], a dsRNA receptor ligand, activates Rac via its guanine nucleotide exchange factor Tiam; this leads to the activation of cytokine genes and, paradoxically, downregulation of the Tipe2 gene. TIPE2 is a negative regulator of immunity; its deficiency leads to hyperactivation of the PI3K-Rac pathway as exemplified by enhanced AKT, Rac, P21-activated kinase, and IFN regulatory factor 3 activities. As a consequence, TIPE2 knockout myeloid cells are hyperreactive to Poly (I:C) stimulation, and TIPE2 knockout mice are hypersensitive to Poly (I:C)-induced lethality. These results indicate that TIPE2 controls innate immunity to RNA by targeting the PI3K-Rac pathway. Therefore, manipulating TIPE2 or Rac functions can be effective for controlling RNA viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Sun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA
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24
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Sriram U, Varghese L, Bennett HL, Jog NR, Shivers DK, Ning Y, Behrens EM, Caricchio R, Gallucci S. Myeloid dendritic cells from B6.NZM Sle1/Sle2/Sle3 lupus-prone mice express an IFN signature that precedes disease onset. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:80-91. [PMID: 22661089 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus show an overexpression of type I IFN-responsive genes that is referred to as "IFN signature." We found that B6.NZMSle1/Sle2/Sle3 (Sle1,2,3) lupus-prone mice also express an IFN signature compared with non-autoimmune C57BL/6 mice. In vitro, myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) (GM-CSF bone marrow-derived dendritic cells; BMDCs) from Sle1,2,3 mice constitutively overexpressed IFN-responsive genes such as IFN-β, Oas-3, Mx-1, ISG-15, and CXCL10 and members of the IFN signaling pathway STAT1, STAT2, and IRF7. The IFN signature was similar in Sle1,2,3 BMDCs from young, pre-autoimmune mice and from mice with high titers of autoantibodies, suggesting that the IFN signature in mDCs precedes disease onset and is independent from the autoantibodies. Sle1,2,3 BMDCs hyperresponded to stimulation with IFN-α and the TLR7 and TLR9 agonists R848 and CpGs. We propose that this hyperresponse is induced by the IFN signature and only partially contributes to the signature, as oligonucleotides inhibitory for TLR7 and TLR9 only partially suppressed the constitutive IFN signature, and pre-exposure to IFN-α induced the same hyperresponse in wild-type BMDCs as in Sle1,2,3 BMDCs. In vivo, mDCs and to a lesser extent T and B cells from young prediseased Sle1,2,3 mice also expressed the IFN signature, although they lacked the strength that BMDCs showed in vitro. Sle1,2,3 plasmacytoid DCs expressed the IFN signature in vitro but not in vivo, suggesting that mDCs may be more relevant before disease onset. We propose that Sle1,2,3 mice are useful tools to study the role of the IFN signature in lupus pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Sriram
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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25
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Interleukin-4 polymorphisms and response to combination therapy in Egyptian chronic hepatitis C patients. Cell Immunol 2012; 276:110-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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26
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Cornelissen C, Brans R, Czaja K, Skazik C, Marquardt Y, Zwadlo-Klarwasser G, Kim A, Bickers D, Lüscher-Firzlaff J, Lüscher B, Baron J. Ultraviolet B radiation and reactive oxygen species modulate interleukin-31 expression in T lymphocytes, monocytes and dendritic cells. Br J Dermatol 2011; 165:966-75. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10487.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Kim SH, Lee CE. Counter-regulation mechanism of IL-4 and IFN-α signal transduction through cytosolic retention of the pY-STAT6:pY-STAT2:p48 complex. Eur J Immunol 2010; 41:461-72. [PMID: 21268015 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201040668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Revised: 09/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
IFN-α and IL-4 induce Th1 and Th2 responses, respectively, and often display antagonistic actions against each other. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of counter-regulation, we have investigated the signal interception by IFN-α and IL-4, employing a human B-cell line Ramos, sensitive to both cytokines. In these cells, IFN-α effectively inhibited IL-4-induced Fc epsilon receptor II (CD23) expression, whereas IL-4 suppressed IFN-α-mediated IRF7 expression. The counter-regulatory action by IL-4 and IFN-α proceeded with a delayed kinetics requiring 4 h. Notably, IFN-α did not affect the IL-4-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT6, but induced a time-dependent cytoplasmic accumulation of phosphotyrosine(pY)-STAT6 and a corresponding decrease in nuclear pY-STAT6. By confocal analysis and co-immunoprecipitation assays, we demonstrated the colocalization and molecular interaction of IL-4-induced pY-STAT6 with IFN-α-induced pY-STAT2:p48 in the cytosol. In addition, the over-expression of STAT2 or STAT6 induced the concomitant cytosolic accumulation of pY-STAT6 or pY-STAT2, leading to the suppression of IL-4-induced CD23 or IFN-α-induced IRF7 gene expression, respectively. Our data suggest that the signals ensued by IFN-α and IL-4 induce cytoplasmic sequestration of IL-4-activated STAT6 and IFN-α-activated STAT2:p48 in B cells through the formation of pY-STAT6:pY-STAT2:p48 complex, which provides a novel mechanism by which IFN-α and IL-4 cross-regulate their signaling into the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seol-Hee Kim
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
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Ripple MJ, You D, Honnegowda S, Giaimo JD, Sewell AB, Becnel DM, Cormier SA. Immunomodulation with IL-4R alpha antisense oligonucleotide prevents respiratory syncytial virus-mediated pulmonary disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:4804-11. [PMID: 20861354 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes significant morbidity and mortality in infants worldwide. Severe RSV infections in infants cause bronchiolitis, wheeze, and/or cough and significantly increase the risk for developing asthma. RSV pathogenesis is thought to be due to a Th2-type immune response initiated in response to RSV infection, specifically in the infant. Using a neonatal mouse system as an appropriate model for human infants, we sought to determine whether local inhibition of IL-4Rα expression during primary RSV infection in the neonate would prevent Th2-skewed responses to secondary RSV infection and improve long-term pulmonary function. To reduce IL-4Rα expression, antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) specific for IL-4Rα were administered intranasally to neonatal mice at the time of primary infection. Mice were initially infected with RSV at 1 wk of age and were reinfected at 6 wk of age. Administration of IL-4Rα ASOs during primary RSV infection in neonatal mice abolished the pulmonary dysfunction normally observed following reinfection in the adult. This ablation of pulmonary dysfunction correlated with a persistent rebalancing of the Th cell compartment with decreased Th2 responses (i.e., reduced goblet cell hyperplasia, Th2 cells, and cytokine secretion) and increased Th1 responses (i.e., elevated Th1 cell numbers and type I Abs and cytokines). Our data support our hypothesis that a reduction in the Th2 immune response during primary infection in neonates prevents Th2-mediated pulmonary pathology initially and upon reinfection and further suggest that vaccine strategies incorporating IL-4Rα ASOs may be of significant benefit to infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Ripple
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Kastelijn EA, Rijkers GT, Van Moorsel CH, Zanen P, Kwakkel-van Erp JM, Van De Graaf EA, Van Kessel DA, Grutters JC, Van Den Bosch JM. Systemic and exhaled cytokine and chemokine profiles are associated with the development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. J Heart Lung Transplant 2010; 29:997-1008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2010.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Revised: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 04/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Majde JA. Neuroinflammation resulting from covert brain invasion by common viruses - a potential role in local and global neurodegeneration. Med Hypotheses 2010; 75:204-13. [PMID: 20236772 PMCID: PMC2897933 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2010.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a horrendous burden for their victims, their families, and society as a whole. For half a century scientists have pursued the hypothesis that these diseases involve a chronic viral infection in the brain. However, efforts to consistently detect a specific virus in brains of patients with such diseases as Alzheimer's or multiple sclerosis have generally failed. Neuropathologists have become increasingly aware that most patients with neurodegenerative diseases demonstrate marked deterioration of the brain olfactory bulb in addition to brain targets that define the specific disease. In fact, the loss of the sense of smell may precede overt neurological symptoms by many years. This realization that the olfactory bulb is a common target in neurodegenerative diseases suggests the possibility that microbes and/or toxins in inhaled air may play a role in their pathogenesis. With regard to inhaled viruses, neuropathologists have focused on those viruses that infect and kill neurons. However, a recent study shows that a respiratory virus with no neurotropic properties can rapidly invade the mouse olfactory bulb from the nasal cavity. Available data suggest that this strain of influenza is passively transported to the bulb via the olfactory nerves (mechanism unknown), and is taken up by glial cells in the outer layers of the bulb. The infected glial cells appear to be activated by the virus, secrete proinflammatory cytokines, and block further spread of virus within the brain. At the time that influenza symptoms become apparent (15 h post-infection), but not prior to symptom onset (10 h post-infection), proinflammatory cytokine-expressing neurons are increased in olfactory cortical pathways and hypothalamus as well as in the olfactory bulb. The mice go on to die of pneumonitis with severe acute phase and respiratory disease symptoms but no classical neurological symptoms. While much remains to be learned about this intranasal influenza-brain invasion model, it suggests the hypothesis that common viruses encountered in our daily life may initiate neuroinflammation via olfactory neural networks. The numerous viruses that we inhale during a lifetime might cause the death of only a few neurons per infection, but this minor damage would accumulate over time and contribute to age-related brain shrinkage and/or neurodegenerative diseases. Elderly individuals with a strong innate inflammatory system, or ongoing systemic inflammation (or both), might be most susceptible to these outcomes. The evidence for the hypothesis that common respiratory viruses may contribute to neurodegenerative processes is developed in the accompanying article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannine A Majde
- Department of VCAPP, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6520, USA.
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Krummen M, Balkow S, Shen L, Heinz S, Loquai C, Probst HC, Grabbe S. Release of IL-12 by dendritic cells activated by TLR ligation is dependent on MyD88 signaling, whereas TRIF signaling is indispensable for TLR synergy. J Leukoc Biol 2010; 88:189-99. [PMID: 20360404 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0408228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, it has been shown that certain combinations of TLR ligands act in synergy to induce the release of IL-12 by DCs. In this study, we sought to define the critical parameters underlying TLR synergy. Our data show that TLR ligands act synergistically if MyD88- and TRIF-dependent ligands are combined. TLR4 uses both of these adaptor molecules, thus activation via TLR4 proved to be a synergistic event on its own. TLR synergy did not affect all aspects of DC activation but enhanced primarily the release of certain cytokines, particularly IL-12, whereas the expression of costimulatory molecules remained unchanged. Consequently, synergistic activation of DC did not affect their ability to induce T cell proliferation but resulted in T(H)1-biased responses in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we examined the impact of TLR ligand combinations on primary DC in vitro but observed only modest effects with a combination of CpG + Poly (I:C). However, noticeable synergy in terms of IL-12 production by DCs was detectable in vivo after systemic administration of CpG + Poly (I:C). Finally, we show that synergy is partially dependent on IFNAR signaling but does not require the release of IFNs to the enviroment, suggesting an autocrine action of type I IFNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Krummen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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Zietara N, Łyszkiewicz M, Gekara N, Puchałka J, Dos Santos VAPM, Hunt CR, Pandita TK, Lienenklaus S, Weiss S. Absence of IFN-beta impairs antigen presentation capacity of splenic dendritic cells via down-regulation of heat shock protein 70. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:1099-109. [PMID: 19581626 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Type I IFNs play a key role in linking the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Although produced rapidly in response to pathogens, IFNs are also produced at low levels in the absence of infection. In the present study, we demonstrate that constitutively produced IFNs are necessary in vivo to maintain dendritic cells in an "Ag presentation-competent" state. Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) isolated from spleens of IFN-beta or IFNAR-deficient mice exhibit a highly impaired ability to present Ag and activate naive T cells. Microarray analysis of mRNA isolated from IFN-beta(-/-) and IFNAR(-/-) cDCs revealed diminished expression of two genes that encoded members of the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) family. Consistent with this observation, pharmacological inhibition of Hsp70 in cDCs from wild-type mice impaired their T cell stimulatory capacity. Similarly, the Ag presentation ability of splenic cDCs isolated from Hsp70.1/3(-/-) mice was also severely impaired in comparison to wild-type cDCs. Thus, constitutive IFN-beta expression regulates Hsp70 levels to help maintain dendritic cells in a competent state for efficient priming of effector T cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Zietara
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Molecular Immunology Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, HZI, Braunschweig, Germany.
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Rochman Y, Spolski R, Leonard WJ. New insights into the regulation of T cells by gamma(c) family cytokines. Nat Rev Immunol 2009; 9:480-90. [PMID: 19543225 DOI: 10.1038/nri2580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 785] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Common cytokine receptor gamma-chain (gamma(c)) family cytokines have crucial roles in the development, proliferation, survival and differentiation of multiple cell lineages of both the innate and adaptive immune systems. In this Review, we focus on our current understanding of the distinct and overlapping effects of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-7, IL-9, IL-15 and IL-21, as well as the IL-7-related cytokine thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), on the survival and proliferation of conventional alphabeta T cells, gammadelta T cells and regulatory T cells. This knowledge potentially allows for the therapeutic manipulation of immune responses for the treatment of cancer, autoimmunity, allergic diseases and immunodeficiency, as well as for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yrina Rochman
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1674, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Due to the dominance of Th1 cytokines in rejection and the ability of Th2 cytokines, particularly IL-4, to inhibit Th1 responses, it has long been held that Th2 cytokines can improve transplant outcomes. Although there is some support for this, there is mounting evidence that IL-4 and Th2 cytokines can promote graft dysfunction. These disparate effects are reviewed. RECENT FINDINGS The role of Th2 cytokines in graft dysfunction is not necessarily due to promotion of humoral immunity, but is due to their ability to drive T-cell and non-T-cell responses including alternative activation of macrophages. Alternatively, activated macrophages compete with classically activated macrophages for arginine and they are mutually exclusive, analogous to mutual competition between Th1 and Th2 cells. Recent findings also point to two subsets of regulatory T cells (Tregs), each dependent on either Th1 or Th2 cytokines. In addition to its effects on bone marrow-derived cells, IL-4 affects parenchymal cells by signalling through the type II receptor, which consists of the IL-4R alpha chain (IL-4Ralpha) and the IL-13Ralpha1, which also binds IL-13. SUMMARY The effects of Th2 cytokines in transplantation depend on their cellular targets, the timing and form of administration and on Th2 cytokine-dependent Tregs.
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Matar P, Alaniz L, Rozados V, Aquino JB, Malvicini M, Atorrasagasti C, Gidekel M, Silva M, Scharovsky OG, Mazzolini G. Immunotherapy for liver tumors: present status and future prospects. J Biomed Sci 2009; 16:30. [PMID: 19272130 PMCID: PMC2662798 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-16-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2008] [Accepted: 03/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that immune responses are involved in the control of cancer and that the immune system can be manipulated in different ways to recognize and attack tumors. Progress in immune-based strategies has opened new therapeutic avenues using a number of techniques destined to eliminate malignant cells. In the present review, we overview current knowledge on the importance, successes and difficulties of immunotherapy in liver tumors, including preclinical data available in animal models and information from clinical trials carried out during the lasts years. This review shows that new options for the treatment of advanced liver tumors are urgently needed and that there is a ground for future advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Matar
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Rosario, Santa Fe 3100, (2000) Rosario, Argentina.
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Dittrich AM, Chen HC, Xu L, Ranney P, Connolly S, Yarovinsky TO, Bottomly HK. A new mechanism for inhalational priming: IL-4 bypasses innate immune signals. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:7307-15. [PMID: 18981153 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.10.7307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Signaling via innate immune mechanisms is considered pivotal for T cell-mediated responses to inhaled Ags. Furthermore, Th2 cells specific for one inhaled Ag can facilitate priming of naive T cells to unrelated new inhaled Ags, a process we call "Th2 collateral priming". Interestingly, our previous studies showed that collateral priming is independent of signals via the innate immune system but depends on IL-4 secretion by CD4(+) T cells. We thus hypothesized that IL-4 can bypass the need for signals via the innate immune system, considered essential for pulmonary priming. Indeed, we were able to show that IL-4 bypasses the requirement for TLR4- and MyD88-mediated signaling for responses to new allergens. Furthermore, we characterized the mechanisms by which IL-4 primes for new inhaled allergens: "IL-4-dependent pulmonary priming" relies on IL-4 receptor expression on hematopoietic cells and structural cells. Transfer experiments indicate that within the hematopoietic compartment both T cells and dendritic cells need to express the IL-4 receptor. Finally, we were able to show that IL-4 induces recruitment and maturation of myeloid dendritic cells in vivo and increases T cell recruitment to the draining lymph nodes. Our findings bring new mechanistic knowledge to the phenomenon of polysensitization and primary sensitization in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Dittrich
- Department for Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Park SH, Lee SR, Hyun BH, Kim BM, Sung YC. Codelivery of PEG-IFN-α inhibits HCV DNA vaccine-induced T cell responses but not humoral responses in African green monkeys. Vaccine 2008; 26:3978-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2007] [Revised: 04/17/2008] [Accepted: 05/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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