1
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Wang J, Cao W, Zhang W, Dou B, Zeng X, Su S, Cao H, Ding X, Ma J, Li X. Ac 34FGlcNAz is an effective metabolic chemical reporter for O-GlcNAcylated proteins with decreased S-glyco-modification. Bioorg Chem 2023; 131:106139. [PMID: 36610251 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a ubiquitous post-translational modification governing vital biological processes in cancer, diabetes and neurodegeneration. Metabolic chemical reporters (MCRs) containing bio-orthogonal groups such as azido or alkyne, are widely used for labeling of interested proteins. However, most MCRs developed for O-GlcNAc modification are not specific and always lead to unexpected side reactions termed S-glyco-modification. Here, we attempt to develop a new MCR of Ac34FGlcNAz that replacing the 4-OH of Ac4GlcNAz with fluorine, which is supposed to abolish the epimerization of GALE and enhance the selectivity. The discoveries demonstrate that Ac34FGlcNAz is a powerful MCR for O-GlcNAcylation with high efficiency and the process of this labeling is conducted by the two enzymes of OGT and OGA. Most importantly, Ac34FGlcNAz is predominantly incorporated intracellular proteins in the form of O-linkage and leads to negligible S-glyco-modification, indicating it is a selective MCR for O-GlcNAcylation. Therefore, we reason that Ac34FGlcNAz developed here is a well characterized MCR of O-GlcNAcylation, which provides more choice for label and enrichment of O-GlcNAc associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Biao Dou
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Xueke Zeng
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Shihao Su
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Hongtai Cao
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Xin Ding
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Jing Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China.
| | - Xia Li
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China.
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2
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Krautter F, Iqbal AJ. Glycans and Glycan-Binding Proteins as Regulators and Potential Targets in Leukocyte Recruitment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:624082. [PMID: 33614653 PMCID: PMC7890243 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.624082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte recruitment is a highly controlled cascade of interactions between proteins expressed by the endothelium and circulating leukocytes. The involvement of glycans and glycan-binding proteins in the leukocyte recruitment cascade has been well-characterised. However, our understanding of these interactions and their regulation has expanded substantially in recent years to include novel lectins and regulatory pathways. In this review, we discuss the role of glycans and glycan-binding proteins, mediating the interactions between endothelium and leukocytes both directly and indirectly. We also highlight recent findings of key enzymes involved in glycosylation which affect leukocyte recruitment. Finally, we investigate the potential of glycans and glycan binding proteins as therapeutic targets to modulate leukocyte recruitment and transmigration in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Krautter
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Asif J Iqbal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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3
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Buffone A, Weaver VM. Don't sugarcoat it: How glycocalyx composition influences cancer progression. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:133536. [PMID: 31874115 PMCID: PMC7039198 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201910070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Buffone and Weaver discuss how the structure of the backbones and glycans of the tumor glycocalyx governs cell–matrix interactions and directs cancer progression. Mechanical interactions between tumors and the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the surrounding tissues have profound effects on a wide variety of cellular functions. An underappreciated mediator of tumor–ECM interactions is the glycocalyx, the sugar-decorated proteins and lipids that act as a buffer between the tumor and the ECM, which in turn mediates all cell-tissue mechanics. Importantly, tumors have an increase in the density of the glycocalyx, which in turn increases the tension of the cell membrane, alters tissue mechanics, and drives a more cancerous phenotype. In this review, we describe the basic components of the glycocalyx and the glycan moieties implicated in cancer. Next, we examine the important role the glycocalyx plays in driving tension-mediated cancer cell signaling through a self-enforcing feedback loop that expands the glycocalyx and furthers cancer progression. Finally, we discuss current tools used to edit the composition of the glycocalyx and the future challenges in leveraging these tools into a novel tractable approach to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Buffone
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Valerie M Weaver
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Departments of Radiation Oncology and Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, and Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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4
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Keough MB, Rogers JA, Zhang P, Jensen SK, Stephenson EL, Chen T, Hurlbert MG, Lau LW, Rawji KS, Plemel JR, Koch M, Ling CC, Yong VW. An inhibitor of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan synthesis promotes central nervous system remyelination. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11312. [PMID: 27115988 PMCID: PMC4853428 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Remyelination is the generation of new myelin sheaths after injury facilitated by processes of differentiating oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Although this repair phenomenon occurs in lesions of multiple sclerosis patients, many lesions fail to completely remyelinate. A number of factors have been identified that contribute to remyelination failure, including the upregulated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) that comprise part of the astrogliotic scar. We show that in vitro, OPCs have dramatically reduced process outgrowth in the presence of CSPGs, and a medication library that includes a number of recently reported OPC differentiation drugs failed to rescue this inhibitory phenotype on CSPGs. We introduce a novel CSPG synthesis inhibitor to reduce CSPG content and find rescued process outgrowth from OPCs in vitro and accelerated remyelination following focal demyelination in mice. Preventing CSPG deposition into the lesion microenvironment may be a useful strategy to promote repair in multiple sclerosis and other neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Keough
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - James A Rogers
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Samuel K Jensen
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Erin L Stephenson
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Tieyu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Mitchel G Hurlbert
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Lorraine W Lau
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Khalil S Rawji
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Jason R Plemel
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Marcus Koch
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Chang-Chun Ling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - V Wee Yong
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
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5
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Dimitroff CJ. Leveraging fluorinated glucosamine action to boost antitumor immunity. Curr Opin Immunol 2013; 25:206-13. [PMID: 23219268 PMCID: PMC3604137 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
N-acetyllactosaminyl glycans are key regulators of the vitality and effector function of antitumor T cells. When galectin-1 (Gal-1) binds N-acetyllactosamines on select membrane glycoproteins on antitumor T cells, these cells either undergo apoptosis or become immunoregulatory. Methods designed to antagonize expression or function of these N-acetyllactosamines on N-glycans and O-glycans have thus intensified. Since tumors can produce an abundance of Gal-1, Gal-1 is considered a critical factor for protecting tumor cells from T cell-mediated antitumor activity. Recent efforts have capitalized on the anti-N-acetyllactosamine action of fluorinated glucosamines to treat antitumor T cells, resulting in diminished Gal-1-binding and higher antitumor T cell levels. In this perspective, the prospect of fluorinated glucosamines in eliminating N-acetyllactosamines on antitumor T cells to boost antitumor immunity is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Dimitroff
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
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6
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Rillahan CD, Antonopoulos A, Lefort CT, Sonon R, Azadi P, Ley K, Dell A, Haslam SM, Paulson JC. Global metabolic inhibitors of sialyl- and fucosyltransferases remodel the glycome. Nat Chem Biol 2012; 8:661-8. [PMID: 22683610 PMCID: PMC3427410 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fundamental roles of sialyl- and fucosyltransferases in mammalian physiology, there are few pharmacological tools to manipulate their function in a cellular setting. Although fluorinated analogs of the donor substrates are well-established transition state inhibitors of these enzymes, they are not membrane permeable. By exploiting promiscuous monosaccharide salvage pathways, we show that fluorinated analogs of sialic acid and fucose can be taken up and metabolized to the desired donor substrate-based inhibitors inside the cell. Because of the existence of metabolic feedback loops, they also act to prevent the de novo synthesis of the natural substrates, resulting in a global, family-wide shutdown of sialyl- and/or fucosyltransferases and remodeling of cell-surface glycans. As an example of the functional consequences, the inhibitors substantially reduce expression of the sialylated and fucosylated ligand sialyl Lewis X on myeloid cells, resulting in loss of selectin binding and impaired leukocyte rolling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory D. Rillahan
- Department of Chemical Physiology The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Aristotelis Antonopoulos
- Division of Molecular Biosciences Faculty of Natural Sciences mperial College London, London SW7 2AZ (UK)
| | - Craig T. Lefort
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology Division of Inflammation Biology La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Roberto Sonon
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center The University of Georgia Athens, GA 30602 (USA)
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center The University of Georgia Athens, GA 30602 (USA)
| | - Klaus Ley
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology Division of Inflammation Biology La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Anne Dell
- Division of Molecular Biosciences Faculty of Natural Sciences mperial College London, London SW7 2AZ (UK)
| | - Stuart M. Haslam
- Division of Molecular Biosciences Faculty of Natural Sciences mperial College London, London SW7 2AZ (UK)
| | - James C. Paulson
- Department of Chemical Physiology The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
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7
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Metabolic inhibition of galectin-1-binding carbohydrates accentuates antitumor immunity. J Invest Dermatol 2011; 132:410-20. [PMID: 22158550 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-1 (Gal-1) has been shown to play a major role in tumor immune escape by inducing apoptosis of effector leukocytes and correlating with tumor aggressiveness and disease progression. Thus, targeting the Gal-1/Gal-1 ligand axis represents a promising cancer therapeutic approach. Here, to test the Gal-1-mediated tumor immune evasion hypothesis and demonstrate the importance of Gal-1-binding N-acetyllactosamines in controlling the fate and function of antitumor immune cells, we treated melanoma- or lymphoma-bearing mice with peracetylated 4-fluoro-glucosamine (4-F-GlcNAc), a metabolic inhibitor of N-acetyllactosamine biosynthesis, and analyzed tumor growth and immune profiles. We found that 4-F-GlcNAc spared Gal-1-mediated apoptosis of T cells and natural killer (NK) cells by decreasing their expression of Gal-1-binding determinants. 4-F-GlcNAc enhanced tumor lymphocytic infiltration and promoted elevations in tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells and IFN-γ levels, while lowering IL-10 production. Collectively, our data suggest that metabolic lowering of Gal-1-binding N-acetyllactosamines may attenuate tumor growth by boosting antitumor immune cell levels, representing a promising approach for cancer immunotherapy.
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8
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Metabolic oligosaccharide engineering: implications for selectin-mediated adhesion and leukocyte extravasation. Ann Biomed Eng 2011; 40:806-15. [PMID: 22037949 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-011-0450-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic oligosaccharide engineering is an emerging technology wherein non-natural monosaccharide analogs are exogenously supplied to living cells and are biosynthetically incorporated into cell surface glycans. A recently reported application of this methodology employs fluorinated analogs of ManNAc, GlcNAc, and GalNAc to modulate selectin-mediated adhesion associated with leukocyte extravasation and cancer cell metastasis. This monograph outlines possible mechanisms underlying the altered adhesion observed in analog-treated cells; these range from the most straightforward explanation (e.g., structural changes to the selectin ligands ablate interaction with their receptors) to the alternative mechanism where the analogs inhibit or otherwise perturb ligand production to more indirect mechanisms (e.g., changes to the biophysical properties of the selectin binding partner, the nanoenviroment of the binding partners, or the entire cell surface).
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9
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Barthel SR, Antonopoulos A, Cedeno-Laurent F, Schaffer L, Hernandez G, Patil SA, North SJ, Dell A, Matta KL, Neelamegham S, Haslam SM, Dimitroff CJ. Peracetylated 4-fluoro-glucosamine reduces the content and repertoire of N- and O-glycans without direct incorporation. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:21717-31. [PMID: 21493714 PMCID: PMC3122228 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.194597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior studies have shown that treatment with the peracetylated 4-fluorinated analog of glucosamine (4-F-GlcNAc) elicits anti-skin inflammatory activity by ablating N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc), sialyl Lewis X (sLe(X)), and related lectin ligands on effector leukocytes. Based on anti-sLe(X) antibody and lectin probing experiments on 4-F-GlcNAc-treated leukocytes, it was hypothesized that 4-F-GlcNAc inhibited sLe(X) formation by incorporating into LacNAc and blocking the addition of galactose or fucose at the carbon 4-position of 4-F-GlcNAc. To test this hypothesis, we determined whether 4-F-GlcNAc is directly incorporated into N- and O-glycans released from 4-F-GlcNAc-treated human sLe(X) (+) T cells and leukemic KG1a cells. At concentrations that abrogated galectin-1 (Gal-1) ligand and E-selectin ligand expression and related LacNAc and sLe(X) structures, MALDI-TOF and MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry analyses showed that 4-F-GlcNAc 1) reduced content and structural diversity of tri- and tetra-antennary N-glycans and of O-glycans, 2) increased biantennary N-glycans, and 3) reduced LacNAc and sLe(X) on N-glycans and on core 2 O-glycans. Moreover, MALDI-TOF MS did not reveal any m/z ratios relating to the presence of fluorine atoms, indicating that 4-F-GlcNAc did not incorporate into glycans. Further analysis showed that 4-F-GlcNAc treatment had minimal effect on expression of 1200 glycome-related genes and did not alter the activity of LacNAc-synthesizing enzymes. However, 4-F-GlcNAc dramatically reduced intracellular levels of uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), a key precursor of LacNAc synthesis. These data show that Gal-1 and E-selectin ligand reduction by 4-F-GlcNAc is not caused by direct 4-F-GlcNAc glycan incorporation and consequent chain termination but rather by interference with UDP-GlcNAc synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R. Barthel
- From the Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Department of Dermatology, and
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Aristotelis Antonopoulos
- the Division of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Filiberto Cedeno-Laurent
- From the Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Department of Dermatology, and
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Lana Schaffer
- Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | | | - Shilpa A. Patil
- the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, and
| | - Simon J. North
- the Division of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Dell
- the Division of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Khushi L. Matta
- the Department of Cancer Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263
| | - Sriram Neelamegham
- the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, and
| | - Stuart M. Haslam
- the Division of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Charles J. Dimitroff
- From the Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Department of Dermatology, and
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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10
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Cedeno-Laurent F, Barthel SR, Opperman MJ, Lee DM, Clark RA, Dimitroff CJ. Development of a nascent galectin-1 chimeric molecule for studying the role of leukocyte galectin-1 ligands and immune disease modulation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:4659-72. [PMID: 20844192 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a β-galactoside-binding lectin, plays a profound role in modulating adaptive immune responses by altering the phenotype and fate of T cells. Experimental data showing recombinant Gal-1 (rGal-1) efficacy on T cell viability and cytokine production, nevertheless, is controversial due to the necessity of using stabilizing chemicals to help retain Gal-1 structure and function. To address this drawback, we developed a mouse Gal-1 human Ig chimera (Gal-1hFc) that did not need chemical stabilization for Gal-1 ligand recognition, apoptosis induction, and cytokine modulation in a variety of leukocyte models. At high concentrations, Gal-1hFc induced apoptosis in Gal-1 ligand(+) Th1 and Th17 cells, leukemic cells, and granulocytes from synovial fluids of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Importantly, at low, more physiologic concentrations, Gal-1hFc retained its homodimeric form without losing functionality. Not only did Gal-1hFc-binding trigger IL-10 and Th2 cytokine expression in activated T cells, but members of the CD28 family and several other immunomodulatory molecules were upregulated. In a mouse model of contact hypersensitivity, we found that a non-Fc receptor-binding isoform of Gal-1hFc, Gal-1hFc2, alleviated T cell-dependent inflammation by increasing IL-4(+), IL-10(+), TGF-β(+), and CD25(high)/FoxP3(+) T cells, and by decreasing IFN-γ(+) and IL-17(+) T cells. Moreover, in human skin-resident T cell cultures, Gal-1hFc diminished IL-17(+) T cells and increased IL-4(+) and IL-10(+) T cells. Gal-1hFc will not only be a useful new tool for investigating the role of Gal-1 ligands in leukocyte death and cytokine stimulation, but for studying how Gal-1-Gal-1 ligand binding shapes the intensity of immune responses.
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11
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Slámová K, Gažák R, Bojarová P, Kulik N, Ettrich R, Pelantová H, Sedmera P, Křen V. 4-Deoxy-substrates for β-N-acetylhexosaminidases: How to make use of their loose specificity. Glycobiology 2010; 20:1002-9. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwq058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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12
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Fluorinated per-acetylated GalNAc metabolically alters glycan structures on leukocyte PSGL-1 and reduces cell binding to selectins. Blood 2009; 115:1303-12. [PMID: 19996411 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-07-231480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel strategies to control the binding of adhesion molecules belonging to the selectin family are required for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. We tested the possibility that synthetic monosaccharide analogs can compete with naturally occurring sugars to alter the O-glycan content on human leukocyte cell surface selectin-ligand, P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1). Resulting reduction in the sialyl Lewis-X-bearing epitopes on this ligand may reduce cell adhesion. Consistent with this hypothesis, 50muM per-acetylated 4F-GalNAc added to the growth media of promyelocytic HL-60 cells reduced the expression of the cutaneous lymphocyte associated-antigen (HECA-452 epitope) by 82% within 2 cell doubling cycles. Cell binding to all 3 selectins (L-, E-, and P-selectin) was reduced in vitro. 4F-GalNAc was metabolically incorporated into PSGL-1, and this was accompanied by an approximately 20% reduction in PSGL-1 glycan content. A 70% to 85% reduction in HECA-452 binding epitope and N-acetyl lactosamine content in PSGL-1 was also noted on 4F-GalNAc addition. Intravenous 4F-GalNAc infusion reduced leukocyte migration to the peritoneum in a murine model of thioglycolate-induced peritonitis. Thus, the compound has pharmacologic activity. Overall, the data suggest that 4F-GalNAc may be applied as a metabolic inhibitor to reduce O-linked glycosylation, sialyl Lewis-X formation, and leukocyte adhesion via the selectins.
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13
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Vocanson M, Hennino A, Rozières A, Poyet G, Nicolas JF. Effector and regulatory mechanisms in allergic contact dermatitis. Allergy 2009; 64:1699-714. [PMID: 19839974 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02082.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), one of the commonest occupational diseases, is a T-cell-mediated skin inflammation caused by repeated skin exposure to contact allergens, i.e. nonprotein chemicals called haptens. Allergic contact dermatitis, also referred to as contact hypersensitivity, is mediated by CD8+ T cells, which are primed in lymphoid organs during the sensitization phase and are recruited in the skin upon re-exposure to the hapten. Subsets of CD4+ T cells endowed with suppressive activity are responsible for both the down-regulation of eczema in allergic patients and the prevention of priming to haptens in nonallergic individuals. Therefore, ACD should be considered as a breakdown of the skin immune tolerance to haptens. Recent advances in the pathophysiology of ACD have demonstrated the important role of skin innate immunity in the sensitization process and have revisited the dogma that Langerhans cells are mandatory for CD8+ T-cell priming. They have also introduced mast cells as a pivotal actor in the magnitude of the inflammatory reaction. Finally, the most recent studies address the nature, the mode and the site of action of the regulatory T cells that control the skin inflammation with the aim of developing new strategies of tolerance induction in allergic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vocanson
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, Université Lyon1, Lyon, France
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14
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Alpha 1,3 fucosyltransferases are master regulators of prostate cancer cell trafficking. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:19491-6. [PMID: 19889975 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0906074106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
How cancer cells bind to vascular surfaces and extravasate into target organs is an underappreciated, yet essential step in metastasis. We postulate that the metastatic process involves discrete adhesive interactions between circulating cancer cells and microvascular endothelial cells. Sialyl Lewis X (sLe(X)) on prostate cancer (PCa) cells is thought to promote metastasis by mediating PCa cell binding to microvascular endothelial (E)-selectin. Yet, regulation of sLe(X) and related E-selectin ligand expression in PCa cells is a poorly understood factor in PCa metastasis. Here, we describe a glycobiological mechanism regulating E-selectin-mediated adhesion and metastatic potential of PCa cells. We demonstrate that alpha1,3 fucosyltransferases (FT) 3, 6, and 7 are markedly elevated in bone- and liver-metastatic PCa and dictate synthesis of sLe(X) and E-selectin ligands on metastatic PCa cells. Upregulated FT3, FT6, or FT7 expression induced robust PCa PC-3 cell adhesion to bone marrow (BM) endothelium and to inflamed postcapillary venules in an E-selectin-dependent manner. Membrane proteins, CD44, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), podocalyxin-like protein (PCLP), and melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM) were major scaffolds presenting E-selectin-binding determinants on FT-upregulated PC-3 cells. Furthermore, elevated FT7 expression promoted PC-3 cell trafficking to and retention in BM through an E-selectin dependent event. These results indicate that alpha1,3 FTs could enhance metastatic efficiency of PCa by triggering an E-selectin-dependent trafficking mechanism.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize recent findings that highlight the importance of the innate inflammatory immune responses in contact dermatitis and their role for the adaptive T-cell response to contact allergens. Implications for anti-inflammatory therapy based on recent reports are discussed. RECENT FINDINGS Allergic contact dermatitis is studied widely in the mouse model. Recent work has identified an important role of innate pattern recognition receptors and innate immune cells in contact hypersensitivity. The role of skin dendritic cells has been studied with novel approaches for in-vivo depletion. New findings were made in the field of anti-inflammatory therapy either by uncovering new aspects of pathomechanisms or by the use of drugs that target different elements of the inflammatory cascade. SUMMARY Inflammation is a pivotal element of allergic contact dermatitis. Studies in the mouse contact hypersensitivity model are beginning to shed light on the still largely unknown molecular mechanisms that enable contact allergens such as chemicals, metal ions and plant compounds to initiate the inflammatory innate immune response. This is a prerequisite for the adaptive immune response to occur. The recent progress in research points out the great potential of anti-inflammatory therapy covering a wide range of molecular targets.
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Boscolo E, Bischoff J. Vasculogenesis in infantile hemangioma. Angiogenesis 2009; 12:197-207. [PMID: 19430954 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-009-9148-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Infantile hemangioma is a vascular tumor that occurs in 5-10% of infants of European descent. A defining feature of infantile hemangioma is the dramatic growth and development into a disorganized mass of blood vessels. Subsequently, a slow spontaneous involution begins around 1 year of age and continues for 4-6 years. The growth and involution of infantile hemangioma is very different from other vascular tumors and vascular malformations, which do not regress and can occur at any time during childhood or adult life. Much has been learned from careful study of the tissue morphology and gene expression patterns during the life-cycle of hemangioma. Tissue explants and tumor-derived cell populations have provided further insight to unravel the cellular and molecular basis of infantile hemangioma. A multipotent progenitor cell capable of de novo blood vessel formation has been isolated from infantile hemangioma, which suggests that this common tumor of infancy, long considered to be a model for pathologic angiogenesis, may also represent pathologic vasculogenesis. Whether viewed as angiogenesis or vasculogenesis, infantile hemangioma represents a vascular perturbation during a critical period of post-natal growth, and as such provides a unique opportunity to decipher mechanisms of human vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Boscolo
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Bianchi T, Pincus LB, Wurbel MA, Rich BE, Kupper TS, Fuhlbrigge RC, Boes M. Maintenance of peripheral tolerance through controlled tissue homing of antigen-specific T cells in K14-mOVA mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:4665-74. [PMID: 19342642 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunological tolerance is crucial to avoid autoimmune and inflammatory diseases; however, the mechanisms involved are incompletely understood. To study peripheral tolerance to skin-associated Ags, we generated new transgenic mice expressing a membrane-bound form of OVA in skin under the human keratin 14 (K14) promoter (K14-mOVA mice). In contrast to other transgenic mice expressing similar self-Ags in skin, adoptive transfer of Ag-specific T cells does not induce inflammatory skin disease in our K14-mOVA mice. OVA-specific T cells transferred into K14-mOVA mice are activated in lymphoid tissues, undergo clonal expansion, and eventually acquire effector function. Importantly, these Ag-specific T cells selectively up-regulate expression of E-selectin ligand in cutaneous lymph nodes but not in mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen, demonstrating that expression of endogenous self-Ags in skin dictates imprinting of skin tissue homing in vivo. However, an additional inflammatory signal, here induced by tape stripping, is required in K14-mOVA mice to induce T cell migration to skin and development of inflammatory skin disease. Depletion of regulatory CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells did not provoke homing of transferred T cells to skin under steady-state conditions, indicating that these cells are not the key regulators for inhibiting T cell homing in K14-mOVA mice. Both skin-derived and lymph node-resident CD8alpha(+) dendritic cells are responsible for Ag presentation in vivo and induce tolerance to skin Ags, as we show by selective depletion of langerin(+) and CD11c(+) dendritic cells. Taken together, controlled skin homing of T cells is critical for the maintenance of peripheral immune tolerance to epidermal self-Ags.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Bianchi
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Wiese G, Barthel SR, Dimitroff CJ. Analysis of physiologic E-selectin-mediated leukocyte rolling on microvascular endothelium. J Vis Exp 2009:1009. [PMID: 19229187 PMCID: PMC2730781 DOI: 10.3791/1009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
E-selectin is a type-1 membrane protein on microvascular endothelial cells that helps initiate recruitment of circulating leukocytes to cutaneous, bone and inflamed tissues. E-selectin expression is constitutive on dermal and bone microvessels and is inducible by pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1α/ and TNF-α, on microvessels in inflamed tissues. This lectin receptor mediates weak binding interactions with carbohydrate counter-receptor ligands on circulating leukocytes, which results in a characteristic rolling behavior. Because these interactions precede more stable adhesive events and diapedesis activity, characterization of leukocyte rolling activity and identification of leukocyte E-selectin ligands have been major goals in studies of leukocyte trafficking and inflammation and in the development of anti-inflammatory therapeutics (1-5). The intent of this report is to provide a visual, comprehensive description of the most widely-used technology for studying E-selectin E-selectin ligand interactions under physiologic blood flow conditions. Our laboratory in conjunction with the Harvard Skin Disease Research Center uses a state-of-the-art parallel-plate flow chamber apparatus accompanied by digital visualization and new recording software, NIS-Elements. This technology allows us to analyze adhesion events in real time for onscreen visualization as well as record rolling activity in a video format. Cell adhesion parameters, such as rolling frequency, shear resistance and binding/tethering efficiency, are calculated with NIS-Elements software, exported to an Excel spreadsheet and subjected to statistical analysis. In the demonstration presented here, we employed the parallel-plate flow chamber to investigate E-selectin-dependent leukocyte rolling activity on live human bone marrow endothelial cells (hBMEC). Human hematopoietic progenitor KG1a cells, which express a high level of E-selectin ligand, were used as our leukocyte model, while an immortalized hBMEC cell line, HBMEC-60 cells, was used as our endothelial cell model (6). To induce and simulate native E-selectin expression in the flow chamber, HBMEC-60 cells were first activated with IL-1 . Our video presentation showed that parallel-plate flow analysis is a suitable method for studying physiologic E-selectin-mediated leukocyte rolling activities and that functional characterization of leukocyte E-selectin ligand(s) in the flow chamber can be ascertained by implementing protease or glycosidase digestions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Wiese
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 8:360-3. [DOI: 10.1097/aci.0b013e32830abac8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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