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Matus V, Castro-Guarda M, Cárcamo-Fierro J, Morera FJ, Zambrano A. Interleukin 3 Inhibits Glutamate-Cytotoxicity in Neuroblastoma Cell Line. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:1373-1386. [PMID: 38512424 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04123-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Interleukin 3 (IL-3) is a well-known pleiotropic cytokine that regulates the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells, triggering classical signaling pathways such as JAK/STAT, Ras/MAPK, and PI3K/Akt to carry out its functions. Interestingly, the IL-3 receptor is also expressed in non-hematopoietic cells, playing a crucial role in cell survival. Our previous research demonstrated the expression of the IL-3 receptor in neuron cells and its protective role in neurodegeneration. Glutamate, a principal neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, can induce cellular stress and lead to neurotoxicity when its extracellular concentrations surpass normal levels. This excessive glutamate presence is frequently observed in various neurological diseases. In this study, we uncover the protective role of IL-3 as an inhibitor of glutamate-induced cell death, analyzing the cytokine's signaling pathways during its protective effect. Specifically, we examined the relevance of JAK/STAT, Ras/MAPK, and PI3 K signaling pathways in the molecular mechanism triggered by IL-3. Our results show that the inhibition of JAK, ERK, and PI3 K signaling pathways, using pharmacological inhibitors, effectively blocked IL-3's protective role against glutamate-induced cell death. Additionally, our findings suggest that Bcl-2 and Bax proteins may be involved in the molecular mechanism triggered by IL-3. Our investigation into IL-3's ability to protect neuronal cells from glutamate-induced damage offers a promising therapeutic avenue with potential clinical implications for several neurological diseases characterized by glutamate neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Matus
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, (P. O. Box) 567, 5090000, Casilla, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Marcos Castro-Guarda
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, (P. O. Box) 567, 5090000, Casilla, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Joaquín Cárcamo-Fierro
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, (P. O. Box) 567, 5090000, Casilla, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Francisco J Morera
- Applied Biochemistry Laboratory, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía y Sistemas Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 7820436, Santiago, Chile
| | - Angara Zambrano
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, (P. O. Box) 567, 5090000, Casilla, Valdivia, Chile.
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
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2
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Yu M, Zhang M, Fu P, Wu M, Yin X, Chen Z. Research progress of mitophagy in chronic cerebral ischemia. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1224633. [PMID: 37600521 PMCID: PMC10434995 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1224633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI), a condition that can result in headaches, dizziness, cognitive decline, and stroke, is caused by a sustained decrease in cerebral blood flow. Statistics show that 70% of patients with CCI are aged > 80 years and approximately 30% are 45-50 years. The incidence of CCI tends to be lower, and treatment for CCI is urgent. Studies have confirmed that CCI can activate the corresponding mechanisms that lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, which, in turn, can induce mitophagy to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis. Simultaneously, mitochondrial dysfunction can aggravate the insufficient energy supply to cells and various diseases caused by CCI. Regulation of mitophagy has become a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of CCI. This article reviews the latest progress in the important role of mitophagy in CCI and discusses the induction pathways of mitophagy in CCI, including ATP synthesis disorder, oxidative stress injury, induction of reactive oxygen species, and Ca2+ homeostasis disorder, as well as the role of drugs in CCI by regulating mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayue Yu
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Medical School of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Manqing Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Peijie Fu
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Medical School of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Moxin Wu
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Medical School of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaoping Yin
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Medical School of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhiying Chen
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Medical School of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
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3
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Malheiro RF, Carmo H, Carvalho F, Silva JP. Cannabinoid-mediated targeting of mitochondria on the modulation of mitochondrial function and dynamics. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106603. [PMID: 36516885 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a critical role in the regulation of several biological processes (e.g., programmed cell death, inflammation, neurotransmission, cell differentiation). In recent years, accumulating findings have evidenced that cannabinoids, a group of endogenous and exogenous (synthetic and plant-derived) psychoactive compounds that bind to cannabinoid receptors, may modulate mitochondrial function and dynamics. As such, mitochondria have gained increasing interest as central mediators in cannabinoids' pharmacological and toxicological signatures. Here, we review the mechanisms underlying the cannabinoids' modulation of mitochondrial activity and dynamics, as well as the potential implications of such mitochondrial processes' disruption on cell homeostasis and disease. Interestingly, cannabinoids may target different mitochondrial processes (e.g., regulation of intracellular calcium levels, bioenergetic metabolism, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dynamics, including mitochondrial fission and fusion, transport, mitophagy, and biogenesis), by modulating multiple and complex signaling pathways. Of note, the outcome may depend on the experimental models used, as well as the chemical structure, concentration, and exposure settings to the cannabinoid, originating equivocal data. Notably, this interaction seems to represent not only an important feature of cannabinoids' toxicological signatures, with potential implications for the onset of distinct pathological conditions (e.g., cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic syndromes), but also an opportunity to develop novel therapeutic strategies for such pathologies, which is also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Filipe Malheiro
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Helena Carmo
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Félix Carvalho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - João Pedro Silva
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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4
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Di Gregorio E, Israel S, Staelens M, Tankel G, Shankar K, Tuszyński JA. The distinguishing electrical properties of cancer cells. Phys Life Rev 2022; 43:139-188. [PMID: 36265200 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, medical research has been primarily focused on the inherited aspect of cancers, despite the reality that only 5-10% of tumours discovered are derived from genetic causes. Cancer is a broad term, and therefore it is inaccurate to address it as a purely genetic disease. Understanding cancer cells' behaviour is the first step in countering them. Behind the scenes, there is a complicated network of environmental factors, DNA errors, metabolic shifts, and electrostatic alterations that build over time and lead to the illness's development. This latter aspect has been analyzed in previous studies, but how the different electrical changes integrate and affect each other is rarely examined. Every cell in the human body possesses electrical properties that are essential for proper behaviour both within and outside of the cell itself. It is not yet clear whether these changes correlate with cell mutation in cancer cells, or only with their subsequent development. Either way, these aspects merit further investigation, especially with regards to their causes and consequences. Trying to block changes at various levels of occurrence or assisting in their prevention could be the key to stopping cells from becoming cancerous. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the current knowledge regarding the electrical landscape of cells is much needed. We review four essential electrical characteristics of cells, providing a deep understanding of the electrostatic changes in cancer cells compared to their normal counterparts. In particular, we provide an overview of intracellular and extracellular pH modifications, differences in ionic concentrations in the cytoplasm, transmembrane potential variations, and changes within mitochondria. New therapies targeting or exploiting the electrical properties of cells are developed and tested every year, such as pH-dependent carriers and tumour-treating fields. A brief section regarding the state-of-the-art of these therapies can be found at the end of this review. Finally, we highlight how these alterations integrate and potentially yield indications of cells' malignancy or metastatic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Di Gregorio
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale (DIMEAS), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino, 10129, TO, Italy; Autem Therapeutics, 35 South Main Street, Hanover, 03755, NH, USA
| | - Simone Israel
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale (DIMEAS), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino, 10129, TO, Italy; Autem Therapeutics, 35 South Main Street, Hanover, 03755, NH, USA
| | - Michael Staelens
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, 11335 Saskatchewan Drive NW, Edmonton, T6G 2E1, AB, Canada
| | - Gabriella Tankel
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, L8S 4K1, ON, Canada
| | - Karthik Shankar
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211 116 Street NW, Edmonton, T6G 1H9, AB, Canada
| | - Jack A Tuszyński
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale (DIMEAS), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino, 10129, TO, Italy; Department of Physics, University of Alberta, 11335 Saskatchewan Drive NW, Edmonton, T6G 2E1, AB, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, T6G 1Z2, AB, Canada.
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5
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Negreti AA, Ferreira-Silva GÁ, Pressete CG, Fonseca R, Candido CC, Graminha AE, Doriguetto AC, Caixeta ES, Hanemann JAC, Castro-Gamero AM, Barbosa MIF, Miyazawa M, Ionta M. Ruthenium( ii) complex containing cinnamic acid derivative inhibits cell cycle progression at G0/G1 and induces apoptosis in melanoma cells. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04291b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly aggressive skin cancer with a limited targeted therapy arsenal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Alvim Negreti
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, zip-code 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina Girotto Pressete
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, zip-code 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Rafael Fonseca
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, zip-code 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Caio C. Candido
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, zip-code 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Angelica E. Graminha
- Departament of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, zip code 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ester Siqueira Caixeta
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, zip-code 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - João Adolfo Costa Hanemann
- Department of Clinic and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alfenas, zip-code 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Angel Mauricio Castro-Gamero
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Natural Science, Federal University of Alfenas, zip-code 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Marilia I. F. Barbosa
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, zip-code 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Marta Miyazawa
- Department of Clinic and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alfenas, zip-code 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Marisa Ionta
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, zip-code 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
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Sarkar M, Martufi M, Roman-Trufero M, Wang YF, Whilding C, Dormann D, Sabbattini P, Dillon N. CNOT3 interacts with the Aurora B and MAPK/ERK kinases to promote survival of differentiating mesendodermal progenitor cells. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:ar40. [PMID: 34613789 PMCID: PMC8694085 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-02-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesendoderm cells are key intermediate progenitors that form at the early primitive streak (PrS) and give rise to mesoderm and endoderm in the gastrulating embryo. We have identified an interaction between CNOT3 and the cell cycle kinase Aurora B that requires sequences in the NOT box domain of CNOT3 and regulates MAPK/ERK signaling during mesendoderm differentiation. Aurora B phosphorylates CNOT3 at two sites located close to a nuclear localization signal and promotes localization of CNOT3 to the nuclei of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and metastatic lung cancer cells. ESCs that have both sites mutated give rise to embryoid bodies that are largely devoid of mesoderm and endoderm and are composed mainly of cells with ectodermal characteristics. The mutant ESCs are also compromised in their ability to differentiate into mesendoderm in response to FGF2, BMP4, and Wnt3 due to reduced survival and proliferation of differentiating mesendoderm cells. We also show that the double mutation alters the balance of interaction of CNOT3 with Aurora B and with ERK and reduces phosphorylation of ERK in response to FGF2. Our results identify a potential adaptor function for CNOT3 that regulates the Ras/MEK/ERK pathway during embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Sarkar
- Gene Regulation and Chromatin Group, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Matteo Martufi
- Gene Regulation and Chromatin Group, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Monica Roman-Trufero
- Gene Regulation and Chromatin Group, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Yi-Fang Wang
- Bioinformatics and Computing, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Chad Whilding
- Microscopy Facility, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Dirk Dormann
- Microscopy Facility, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | | | - Niall Dillon
- Gene Regulation and Chromatin Group, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
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7
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Tang J, Yao C, Liu Y, Yuan J, Wu L, Hosoi K, Yu S, Huang C, Wei H, Chen G. Arsenic trioxide induces expression of BCL-2 expression via NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways in BEAS-2B cells during apoptosis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 222:112531. [PMID: 34303041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic compounds are environmental toxicants that are widely distributed in air, water, and food. B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) is an oncogene having anti-apoptotic function. In this study, we clarify that BCL-2, as a pro-apoptotic factor, participates in As2O3-induced apoptosis in BEAS-2B cells. Specifically, As2O3 stimulated the expression of BCL-2 mRNA and protein in a dose-dependent manner which was highly accumulated in the nucleus of BEAS-2B cell together with chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation during apoptosis. Mechanistically, the process described above is mediated through the NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways, which can be abated by corresponding inhibitors, such as BAY11-7082 and SB203580, respectively. Additionally, BAY11-7082, actinomycin D, and cycloheximide have inhibitory effects on As2O3-induced expression of BCL-2 mRNA and protein, and restore the cell viability of BEAS-2B cells. Suppression of BCL-2 protein activation by ABT-199 also restored viability of BEAS-2B cell in As2O3-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, As2O3 increased the level of BCL-2 phosphorylation. These results suggest that in BEAS-2B cells, As2O3-induced apoptosis is mainly dominated by BCL-2 upregulation, nuclear localization and phosphorylation. The study presented here provides a novel insight into the molecular mechanism of BCL-2-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenjuan Yao
- Department of Molecular Oral Physiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Toku shima-Shi 770-8504, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yingqi Liu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaming Yuan
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Wu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kazuo Hosoi
- Department of Molecular Oral Physiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Toku shima-Shi 770-8504, Tokushima, Japan; Kosei Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Osaka-shi 540-0039, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shali Yu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunyan Huang
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Suzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Haiyan Wei
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China.
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Di Martile M, Farini V, Consonni FM, Trisciuoglio D, Desideri M, Valentini E, D'Aguanno S, Tupone MG, Buglioni S, Ercolani C, Gallo E, Amadio B, Terrenato I, Foddai ML, Sica A, Del Bufalo D. Melanoma-specific bcl-2 promotes a protumoral M2-like phenotype by tumor-associated macrophages. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2019-000489. [PMID: 32269145 PMCID: PMC7254128 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A bidirectional crosstalk between tumor cells and the surrounding microenvironment contributes to tumor progression and response to therapy. Our previous studies have demonstrated that bcl-2 affects melanoma progression and regulates the tumor microenvironment. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether bcl-2 expression in melanoma cells could influence tumor-promoting functions of tumor-associated macrophages, a major constituent of the tumor microenvironment that affects anticancer immunity favoring tumor progression. Methods THP-1 monocytic cells, monocyte-derived macrophages and melanoma cells expressing different levels of bcl-2 protein were used. ELISA, qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses were used to evaluate macrophage polarization markers and protein expression levels. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was performed to evaluate transcription factor recruitment at specific promoters. Boyden chamber was used for migration experiments. Cytofluorimetric and immunohistochemical analyses were carried out to evaluate infiltrating macrophages and T cells in melanoma specimens from patients or mice. Results Higher production of tumor-promoting and chemotactic factors, and M2-polarized activation was observed when macrophages were exposed to culture media from melanoma cells overexpressing bcl-2, while bcl-2 silencing in melanoma cells inhibited the M2 macrophage polarization. In agreement, the number of melanoma-infiltrating macrophages in vivo was increased, in parallel with a greater expression of bcl-2 in tumor cells. Tumor-derived interleukin-1β has been identified as the effector cytokine of bcl-2-dependent macrophage reprogramming, according to reduced tumor growth, decreased number of M2-polarized tumor-associated macrophages and increased number of infiltrating CD4+IFNγ+ and CD8+IFNγ+ effector T lymphocytes, which we observed in response to in vivo treatment with the IL-1 receptor antagonist kineret. Finally, in tumor specimens from patients with melanoma, high bcl-2 expression correlated with increased infiltration of M2-polarized CD163+ macrophages, hence supporting the clinical relevance of the crosstalk between tumor cells and microenvironment. Conclusions Taken together, our results show that melanoma-specific bcl-2 controls an IL-1β-driven axis of macrophage diversion that establishes tumor microenvironmental conditions favoring melanoma development. Interfering with this pathway might provide novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Di Martile
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Farini
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Trisciuoglio
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Desideri
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Valentini
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona D'Aguanno
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Tupone
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Simonetta Buglioni
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Ercolani
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Enzo Gallo
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Amadio
- SAFU Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Terrenato
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatic Unit-Scientific Direction, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Foddai
- Immunohematology and Transfusional Medicine Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Sica
- Molecular Immunology Lab, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Donatella Del Bufalo
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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9
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Lynch S, Boyett JE, Smith MR, Giordano-Mooga S. Sex Hormone Regulation of Proteins Modulating Mitochondrial Metabolism, Dynamics and Inter-Organellar Cross Talk in Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:610516. [PMID: 33644031 PMCID: PMC7905018 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.610516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the U.S. and worldwide. Sex-related disparities have been identified in the presentation and incidence rate of CVD. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a role in both the etiology and pathology of CVD. Recent work has suggested that the sex hormones play a role in regulating mitochondrial dynamics, metabolism, and cross talk with other organelles. Specifically, the female sex hormone, estrogen, has both a direct and an indirect role in regulating mitochondrial biogenesis via PGC-1α, dynamics through Opa1, Mfn1, Mfn2, and Drp1, as well as metabolism and redox signaling through the antioxidant response element. Furthermore, data suggests that testosterone is cardioprotective in males and may regulate mitochondrial biogenesis through PGC-1α and dynamics via Mfn1 and Drp1. These cell-signaling hubs are essential in maintaining mitochondrial integrity and cell viability, ultimately impacting CVD survival. PGC-1α also plays a crucial role in inter-organellar cross talk between the mitochondria and other organelles such as the peroxisome. This inter-organellar signaling is an avenue for ameliorating rampant ROS produced by dysregulated mitochondria and for regulating intrinsic apoptosis by modulating intracellular Ca2+ levels through interactions with the endoplasmic reticulum. There is a need for future research on the regulatory role of the sex hormones, particularly testosterone, and their cardioprotective effects. This review hopes to highlight the regulatory role of sex hormones on mitochondrial signaling and their function in the underlying disparities between men and women in CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Lynch
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Graduate School, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - James E Boyett
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - M Ryan Smith
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Samantha Giordano-Mooga
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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10
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Kumar RS, Goyal N. Estrogens as regulator of hematopoietic stem cell, immune cells and bone biology. Life Sci 2021; 269:119091. [PMID: 33476629 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells provide continuous supply of all the immune cells, through proliferation and differentiation decisions. These decisions are controlled by local bone marrow environment as well as by long-range signals for example endocrine system. Sex dependent differential immunological responses have been described under homeostasis and disease conditions. Females show higher longevity than male counterpart that seems to depend on major female sex hormone, estrogen. There are four estrogens - Estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), Estriol (E3) and Estetrol (E4) that spatially and temporarily present during different female reproductive phases. In this review, we discussed recent updates describing the effects of estrogen on HSC, immune cells and in bone biology. Estradiol (E2) being a major/abundant estrogen is extensively investigated, while effects of other estrogens E1, E3 and E4 are started to unravel recently. Furthermore, clinical effect of estrogen as hormone therapy is discussed in HSC and immune cells perspectives. The data presented in this review is compiled by searches of PubMed, database of American Cancer Society (ACS). We have included article from September 1994 to March 2020 as covering all article in chronological order is not fissile so we included relevant article with substantial information in this specific area of research by using the search term (alone or in combination) estrogen, hematopoietic stem cell, immune cells, gender difference, estrone, estriol, estetrol, therapeutic application, pregnancy, effect on bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupali Sani Kumar
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Neena Goyal
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
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11
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MCL-1 dependency as a novel vulnerability for aggressive B cell lymphomas. Blood Cancer J 2021; 11:14. [PMID: 33446629 PMCID: PMC7809345 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-020-00402-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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12
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ERK signalling: a master regulator of cell behaviour, life and fate. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:607-632. [PMID: 32576977 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-0255-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 472] [Impact Index Per Article: 118.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The proteins extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) and ERK2 are the downstream components of a phosphorelay pathway that conveys growth and mitogenic signals largely channelled by the small RAS GTPases. By phosphorylating widely diverse substrates, ERK proteins govern a variety of evolutionarily conserved cellular processes in metazoans, the dysregulation of which contributes to the cause of distinct human diseases. The mechanisms underlying the regulation of ERK1 and ERK2, their mode of action and their impact on the development and homeostasis of various organisms have been the focus of much attention for nearly three decades. In this Review, we discuss the current understanding of this important class of kinases. We begin with a brief overview of the structure, regulation, substrate recognition and subcellular localization of ERK1 and ERK2. We then systematically discuss how ERK signalling regulates six fundamental cellular processes in response to extracellular cues. These processes are cell proliferation, cell survival, cell growth, cell metabolism, cell migration and cell differentiation.
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13
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Kumar N, Devi S, Mada SB, Reddi S, Kapila R, Kapila S. Anti-apoptotic effect of buffalo milk casein derived bioactive peptide by directing Nrf2 regulation in starving fibroblasts. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Shabani F, Mahdavi M, Imani M, Hosseinpour-Feizi MA, Gheibi N. Calprotectin (S100A8/S100A9)-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in human gastric cancer AGS cells: Alteration in expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, and ERK2. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 39:1031-1045. [PMID: 32167384 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120909530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Calprotectin is a heterodimeric EF-hand Ca2+ binding protein that is typically released by infiltrating polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages. This protein is a key player linking inflammation and cancer. Due to the increased levels of calprotectin in different inflammatory diseases and cancer, it is considered as a marker for diagnostic purposes. In this study, we evaluated the mechanism of cell viability and apoptotic-inducing effects of recombinant human calprotectin (rhS100A8/S100A9) on the gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS), the most common type of gastric cancer cell line. AGS cells were exposed to the different concentrations (5-100 μg/ml) of calprotectin for 24, 48, and 72 h, and cell viability was assessed through 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Apoptotic-inducing effects of calprotectin were evaluated by sub-G1 cell cycle assay and Annexin V/propidium iodide double staining. Furthermore, real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were performed to evaluate the mechanism of action of calprotectin. Our findings indicated that calprotectin inhibits growth and viability of AGS cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration values were measured as 85.77, 79.14, and 65.39 μg/ml for 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. Additionally, we found that calprotectin downregulated the expression of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and upregulated proapoptotic protein Bax in a time- and concentration-dependent fashion. Calprotectin also slightly upregulated the expression of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 2 (ERK2), while it significantly decreased the levels of phospho-ERK in a time-dependent manner. Overall, these findings indicated that calprotectin has cytotoxicity and apoptosis-inducing effects on AGS cell lines in high concentration by modulating Bax/Bcl-2 expression ratio accompanied by inhibition of ERK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Shabani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - M Mahdavi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - M Imani
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - M A Hosseinpour-Feizi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - N Gheibi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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15
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Liang S, Wang F, Bao C, Han J, Guo Y, Liu F, Zhang Y. BAG2 ameliorates endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced cell apoptosis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages through selective autophagy. Autophagy 2019; 16:1453-1467. [PMID: 31711362 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1687214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BAG2 (BCL2 associated athanogene 2) is associated with cell fate determination in response to various pathological conditions. However, the effects of BAG2 on M. tuberculosis-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress remain elusive. Herein, we report that M. tuberculosis infection of macrophages triggered ER stress and downregulated BAG2 expression. Overexpression of BAG2 enhanced autophagic flux and activated macroautophagy/autophagy targeted to the ER (reticulophagy). In addition, through increasingly localizing SQSTM1 to the ER in BAG2-overexpressing macrophages, we found that the autophagy receptor protein SQSTM1/p62 (sequestosome 1) is associated with the BAG2-induced reticulophagy. Our data also confirmed that BAG2 could render cells resistant to M. tuberculosis-induced cellular damage, and the anti-apoptotic effects of BAG2 in M. tuberculosis-treated macrophages were partially abolished by the autophagic flux inhibitor bafilomycin A1. Furthermore, the dissociation of BECN1 and BCL2 mediated by activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) was responsible for BAG2-activated autophagy. In addition, XBP1 downstream of the ERN1/IRE1 signaling pathway was bound to the Bag2 promoter region and transcriptionally inhibited BAG2 expression. Collectively, these results indicated that BAG2 has anti-apoptotic effects on M. tuberculosis-induced ER stress, which is dependent on the promotion of autophagic flux and the induction of selective autophagy. We revealed a potential host defense mechanism that links BAG2 to ER stress and autophagy during M. tuberculosis infection. ABBREVIATIONS ATF6: activating transcription factor 6; BECN1: beclin 1; Baf A1: bafilomycin A1; CASP3: caspase 3; DDIT3/CHOP/GADD153: DNA damage inducible transcript 3; DAPI: 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; EIF2AK3/PERK: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ERN1/IRE1: endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1; HSPA5/GRP78/BiP: heat shock protein 5; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MAPK/ERK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; UPR: unfolded protein response; XBP1: x-box binding protein 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengyu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Changlei Bao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fayang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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16
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Shi X, Swanson TL, Miner NB, Eshleman AJ, Janowsky A. Activation of Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 1 Stimulates an Antiapoptotic Signal Cascade via Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 96:493-504. [PMID: 31409621 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.116798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) is highly addictive and neurotoxic, causing cell death in humans and in rodent models. MA, along with many of its analogs, is an agonist at the G protein-coupled trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1). TAAR1 activation protects against MA-induced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, suggesting that TAAR1 plays a role in regulating MA-induced neurotoxicity. However, the mechanisms involved in TAAR1's role in neurotoxicity and cell death have not been described in detail. In this study, we investigated the apoptosis pathway in Taar1 wild-type (WT) and knockout (KO) mice and in cells expressing the recombinant receptor. Bcl-2, an antiapoptotic protein, was upregulated ∼3-fold in the midbrain area (substantial nigra and ventral tegmental area) in Taar1 KO compared with WT mice, and MA significantly increased Bcl-2 expression in WT mice but decreased Bcl-2 expression in KO mice. The proapoptotic protein Bax did not differ across genotype or in response to MA. Bcl-2 expression was significantly upregulated by the TAAR1 agonist RO5166017 ((S)-4-[(ethyl-phenyl-amino)-methyl]-4,5-dihydro-oxazol-2-ylamine) in cells expressing the recombinant mouse TAAR1. Additionally, activation of TAAR1 by RO5166017 increased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, and protein kinase B (AKT), but only inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation prevented TAAR1-induced increases in Bcl-2 levels, indicating that TAAR1 activation increases Bcl-2 through an ERK1/2-dependent pathway. All changes to ERK1/2 pathway intermediates were blocked by the TAAR1 antagonist, N-(3-ethoxyphenyl)-4-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl) benzamide. These findings suggest that TAAR1 activation protects against MA-induced cell apoptosis and TAAR1 may play a role in cell death in neurodegenerative diseases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Methamphetamine stimulates TAAR1, a G protein-coupled receptor. The role and mechanisms for TAAR1 in methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity are not known. Here, we report that, in genetic mouse models and cells expressing the recombinant receptor, TAAR1 activates the ERK1/2 pathway but not the AKT pathway to upregulate the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, which protects cells from drug-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Shi
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon (X.S., T.L.S., N.B.M., A.J.E., A.J.); and The Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center (X.S., A.J.) and Departments of Psychiatry (X.S., T.L.S., A.J.E., A.J.) and Behavioral Neuroscience (N.B.M., A.J.E., A.J.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Tracy L Swanson
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon (X.S., T.L.S., N.B.M., A.J.E., A.J.); and The Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center (X.S., A.J.) and Departments of Psychiatry (X.S., T.L.S., A.J.E., A.J.) and Behavioral Neuroscience (N.B.M., A.J.E., A.J.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Nicholas B Miner
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon (X.S., T.L.S., N.B.M., A.J.E., A.J.); and The Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center (X.S., A.J.) and Departments of Psychiatry (X.S., T.L.S., A.J.E., A.J.) and Behavioral Neuroscience (N.B.M., A.J.E., A.J.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Amy J Eshleman
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon (X.S., T.L.S., N.B.M., A.J.E., A.J.); and The Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center (X.S., A.J.) and Departments of Psychiatry (X.S., T.L.S., A.J.E., A.J.) and Behavioral Neuroscience (N.B.M., A.J.E., A.J.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Aaron Janowsky
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon (X.S., T.L.S., N.B.M., A.J.E., A.J.); and The Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center (X.S., A.J.) and Departments of Psychiatry (X.S., T.L.S., A.J.E., A.J.) and Behavioral Neuroscience (N.B.M., A.J.E., A.J.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
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17
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Mukda S, Tsai CY, Leu S, Yang JL, Chan SHH. Pinin protects astrocytes from cell death after acute ischemic stroke via maintenance of mitochondrial anti-apoptotic and bioenergetics functions. J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:43. [PMID: 31167655 PMCID: PMC6549339 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0538-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stroke is the second most common cause of deaths worldwide. After an ischemic stroke, the proliferated reactive astrocytes in the peri-infarct areas play a beneficial role in neuronal survival. As such, astrocytes have gradually become a target for neuroprotection in stroke. The present study assessed the hypothesis that Pinin (Pnn), originally identified as a nuclear and desmosome-associated protein and is now known to possess anti-apoptotic capacity, protects astrocytes from cell death after ischemic stroke and delineated the underlying mechanisms. Methods In in vivo experiments, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (12-week old) were used to induce acute focal cerebral ischemia employing the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) method. In in vitro experiments, postnatal day 1 (P1) Sprague-Dawley rat pups were used to prepare cultures of primary astrocytes. Oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and re-oxygenation (OGD/R) procedures were employed to mimic the hypoxic-ischemic condition of stroke in those astrocytes. Results We found in the peri-infarct area of the ipsilateral cortex and striatum in Sprague-Dawley rats after transient MCAO an increase in Pnn expression that correlated positively with the time-course of infarction as detected by T2-weighted imaging and triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, augmented number of reactive astrocytes that double-labelled with Pnn as determined by immunofluorescence, and enhanced cytotoxic edema as revealed by diffusion weighted imaging; but mirrored the decreased cleaved caspase-3 as measured by western blot. In an OGD and OGD/R model using primary cultured astrocytes, treatment with Pnn siRNA doubled the chance of surviving astrocytes to manifest cell death as revealed by flow cytometry, and blunted activated ERK signaling, reduced Bcl-2 expression and augmented cleaved caspase 3 detected by western blot in the normoxia, OGD or OGD/R group. Gene-knockdown of Pnn also impeded the reversal from decline in cell viability, elevation in lactate dehydrogenase leakage and decrease in ATP production in the OGD/R group. Conclusion We conclude that the endogenous Pnn participates in neuroprotection after acute ischemic stroke by preserving the viability of astrocytes that survived the ischemic challenge via maintenance of mitochondrial anti-apoptotic and bioenergetics functions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12929-019-0538-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujira Mukda
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, 25/25 Phuttamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.,Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 123 Dapi Rd, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Tsai
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 123 Dapi Rd, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Steve Leu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 123 Dapi Rd, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Jenq-Lin Yang
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 123 Dapi Rd, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Samuel H H Chan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 123 Dapi Rd, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan.
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18
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Segovia-Mendoza M, Morales-Montor J. Immune Tumor Microenvironment in Breast Cancer and the Participation of Estrogen and Its Receptors in Cancer Physiopathology. Front Immunol 2019; 10:348. [PMID: 30881360 PMCID: PMC6407672 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is characterized by cellular and molecular heterogeneity. Several molecular events are involved in controlling malignant cell process. In this sense, the importance of studying multiple cell alterations in this pathology is overriding. A well-identified fact on immune response is that it can vary depend on sex. Steroid hormones and their receptors may regulate different functions and the responses of several subpopulations of the immune system. Few reports are focused on the function of estrogen receptors (ERs) on immune cells and their roles in different breast cancer subtypes. Thus, the aim of this review is to investigate the immune infiltrating tumor microenvironment and prognosis conferred by it in different breast cancer subtypes, discuss the current knowledge and point out the roles of estrogens and its receptors on the infiltrating immune cells, as well as to identify how different immune subsets are modulated after anti-hormonal treatments in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge Morales-Montor
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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19
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Lu CC, Chiang JH, Tsai FJ, Hsu YM, Juan YN, Yang JS, Chiu HY. Metformin triggers the intrinsic apoptotic response in human AGS gastric adenocarcinoma cells by activating AMPK and suppressing mTOR/AKT signaling. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1271-1281. [PMID: 30720062 PMCID: PMC6411354 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is commonly used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes and is associated with a decreased risk of cancer. Previous studies have demonstrated that metformin can act alone or in synergy with certain anticancer agents to achieve anti-neoplastic effects on various types of tumors via adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling. However, the role of metformin in AMPK-mediated apoptosis of human gastric cancer cells is poorly understood. In the current study, metformin exhibited a potent anti-proliferative effect and induced apoptotic characteristics in human AGS gastric adenocarcinoma cells, as demonstrated by MTT assay, morphological observation method, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling and caspase-3/7 assay kits. Western blot analysis demonstrated that treatment with metformin increased the phosphorylation of AMPK, and decreased the phosphorylation of AKT, mTOR and p70S6k. Compound C (an AMPK inhibitor) suppressed AMPK phosphorylation and significantly abrogated the effects of metformin on AGS cell viability. Metformin also reduced the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (ERK, JNK and p38). Additionally, metformin significantly increased the cellular ROS level and included loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Metformin altered apoptosis-associated signaling to downregulate the BAD phosphorylation and Bcl-2, pro-caspase-9, pro-caspase-3 and pro-caspase-7 expression, and to upregulate BAD, cytochrome c, and Apaf-1 proteins levels in AGS cells. Furthermore, z-VAD-fmk (a pan-caspase inhibitor) was used to assess mitochondria-mediated caspase-dependent apoptosis in metformin-treated AGS cells. The findings demonstrated that metformin induced AMPK-mediated apoptosis, making it appealing for development as a novel anticancer drug for the treating gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Cheng Lu
- Department of Sport Performance, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung 40404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jo-Hua Chiang
- Department of Nursing, Chung Jen Catholic Junior College, Chiayi 62241, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yuan-Man Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Ning Juan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jai-Sing Yang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hong-Yi Chiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 97002, Taiwan, R.O.C
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20
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Chen G, Li P, Liu Z, Zeng R, Ma X, Chen Y, Xu H, Li Z, Lin H. Enrichment of miR-126 enhances the effects of endothelial progenitor cell-derived microvesicles on modulating MC3T3-E1 cell function via Erk1/2-Bcl-2 signalling pathway. Prion 2019; 13:106-115. [PMID: 31050590 PMCID: PMC7000145 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2019.1607464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether EPC-MVs could promote bone regeneration by directly regulating osteoblast through miR-126. The underlying mechanisms were also explored. METHODS EPCs were isolated from bone marrow mononuclear cells. EPC-MVs were collected from EPCs cultured medium. The lentivirus was used to induce miR-126 over-expression in EPCs and EPC-MVs. miR-126 expression was detected by qRT-PCR. The proliferation, migration, apoptosis and differentiation abilities of osteoblast cells MC3T3-E1 were analysed in the presence or absence of EPC-MVs or miR-126 overexpressed EPC-MVs (EPC-MVs-miR126). The proteins of Erk1/2 and Bcl-2 were analysed by western blot. Erk1/2 inhibitor was used for pathway exploration. RESULTS EPC-MVs reduced apoptosis and promoted proliferation and migration of MC3T3-E1 cells, which could be enhanced by miR-126 enrichment (p< 0.05). Neither EPC-MVs nor EPC-MVs-miR126 had an effect on MC3T3-E1 cell osteogenic differentiation (p> 0.05). EPC-MVs-miR126 had better effects than EPC-MVs on upregulating the expressions of p-Erk1/2 and Bcl-2, which were abolished by Erk1/2 inhibitor. ERK1/2-Bcl-2 activity plays a crucial role in the regulation of EPC-MVs/EPC-MVs-miR126 on the effect of MC3T3-E1 cells. CONCLUSION EPC-MVs promote proliferation and migration of MC3T3-E1 cell while reduced apoptosis via the miR-126/Erk1/2-Bcl-2 pathway. A combination of EPC-MVs and miR-126 might provide novel therapeutic targets for bone regeneration and fracture healing through regulating osteoblast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghua Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhijun Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaotang Ma
- Department of Surgery, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yanfang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Haijia Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhanghua Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- CONTACT Zhanghua Li Department of Orthopedics, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Hao Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Hao Lin Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
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Qiu J, Zhang R, Xie Y, Wang L, Ge K, Chen H, Liu X, Wu J, Wang Y. Estradiol Attenuates the Severity of Primary Toxoplasma gondii Infection-Induced Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Through the Regulation of Tregs in a Dose-Dependent Manner. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1102. [PMID: 29868037 PMCID: PMC5968100 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Estradiol (E2) plays a crucial and intricate role during pregnancy to mediate several aspects of the pregnancy process. A perplexing phenomenon in congenital toxoplasmosis is that the severity of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii)-mediated adverse pregnancy outcome is closely related with time of primary maternal infection during pregnancy. In this study, the results showed that T. gondii infection in early pregnancy was more likely to induce miscarriage in mice than in late pregnancy, which may be related to inflammation of the maternal–fetal interface. Meanwhile, the T. gondii infection-induced-apoptotic rate of Tregs was higher and the expression of programmed death-1 (PD-1) on Tregs was lower in early pregnancy than in late pregnancy. As the level of E2 in mouse serum gradually increased with the development of pregnancy, we proposed that E2 may contribute to the discrepancy of Tregs at different stages of pregnancy. Thus, we investigated in vitro and in vivo effects of E2 in regulating Tregs. We found that E2 in vitro could protect Tregs against apoptosis and upregulate the expression of PD-1 on Tregs in a dose-dependent manner through ERα. Likewise, the simulated mid-pregnancy level of E2 in nonpregnant mice also alleviated the T. gondii infection-induced apoptosis of Tregs and potentiated the PD-1 expression on Tregs. Therefore, in the pathogenesis of T. gondii-induced abnormal pregnancy, E2 helped maintain the immune balance and improve the pregnancy outcome through regulating Tregs. This finding illustrates the intricate working of hormone–immune system interaction in infection-induced abnormal pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfan Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanci Xie
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Ge
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Xuanwumen Community Health Service Center of Xuanwu District, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinjian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiangping Wu
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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22
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Tchantchou F, Puche AA, Leiste U, Fourney W, Blanpied TA, Fiskum G. Rat Model of Brain Injury to Occupants of Vehicles Targeted by Land Mines: Mitigation by Elastomeric Frame Designs. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:1192-1203. [PMID: 29187028 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many victims of blast traumatic brain injury (TBI) are occupants of vehicles targeted by land mines. A rat model of under-vehicle blast TBI was used to test the hypothesis that the ensuing neuropathology and altered behavior are mitigated by vehicle frame designs that dramatically reduce blast-induced acceleration (G force). Male rats were restrained on an aluminum platform that was accelerated vertically at up to 2850g, in response to detonation of an explosive positioned under a second platform in contact with the top via different structures. The presence of elastomeric, polyurea-coated aluminum cylinders between the platforms reduced acceleration by 80% to 550g compared with 2350g with uncoated cylinders. Moreover, 67% of rats exposed to 2850g, and 20% of those exposed to 2350g died immediately after blast, whereas all rats subjected to 550g blast survived. Assays for working memory (Y maze) and anxiety (Plus maze) were conducted for up to 28 days. Rats were euthanized at 24 h or 29 days, and their brains were used for histopathology and neurochemical measurements. Rats exposed to 2350g blasts exhibited increased cleaved caspase-3 immunoreactive neurons in the hippocampus. There was also increased vascular immunoglobulin (Ig)G effusion and F4/80 immunopositive macrophages/microglia. Blast exposure reduced hippocampal levels of synaptic proteins Bassoon and Homer-1, which were associated with impaired performance in the Y maze and the Plus maze tests. These changes observed after 2350g blasts were reduced or eliminated with the use of polyurea-coated cylinders. Such advances in vehicle designs should aid in the development of the next generation of blast-resistant vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flaubert Tchantchou
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology and the Center for Shock, Trauma, and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Adam A Puche
- 2 Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ulrich Leiste
- 3 Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Maryland School of Engineering , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - William Fourney
- 3 Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Maryland School of Engineering , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Thomas A Blanpied
- 4 Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gary Fiskum
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology and the Center for Shock, Trauma, and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
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23
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Overexpression of G-protein-coupled receptors 65 in glioblastoma predicts poor patient prognosis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2017; 164:132-137. [PMID: 29223793 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE G-protein-coupled receptors 65 (GPR65), identified as an acid-sensing receptor, is overexpressed in several malignancies and promote tumor development. Our aim was to investigate the expression and prognostic value of GPR65 in glioblastoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS We determined the expression of GPR65 protein using immunohistochemistry in tissue microarrays containing 11 Grade I, 107 Grade II, 47 Grade III, and 102 Grade IV gliomas and 16 normal brains. Then we evaluated its association with pathological grades, prognosis, and recurrence. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) group (N=528) was further employed to examine transcriptional level of GPR65 in glioblastoma and the correlation between GPR65 expression and clinical outcome. RESULTS In our cohort, GPR65 expression was positively related to glioma pathological grade (p<0.01) and elevated in glioblastoma (p<0.01). High expression of GPR65 was associated with significantly short overall survival (OS) (p=0.013) and progression-free survival (PFS) (p=0.029), and could be identified as an independent risk factor for OS of glioblastoma patients (Hazard Ratio [HR]=1.596, p=0.037). As an aiding evidence, increased GPR65 mRNA expression was also found in TCGA glioblastoma group (p<0.001) and its high level predicted a poor clinical outcome (OS, p=0.003; PFS, p=0.001). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that GPR65 is overexpressed in glioblastoma and its high expression predicts unfavorable clinical outcome for patients. Targeting GPR65 may serve as a potential therapy for treating glioblastoma.
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24
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Spirin P, Lebedev T, Orlova N, Morozov A, Poymenova N, Dmitriev SE, Buzdin A, Stocking C, Kovalchuk O, Prassolov V. Synergistic suppression of t(8;21)-positive leukemia cell growth by combining oridonin and MAPK1/ERK2 inhibitors. Oncotarget 2017; 8:56991-57002. [PMID: 28915648 PMCID: PMC5593619 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most common chromosomal translocations in acute myeloid leukemia is t(8;21)(q22;q22), which results in the appearance of abnormal transcripts encoding for the fusion protein RUNX1-ETO. Therefore, this oncoprotein is considered to be a pertinent and promising target for treating t(8;21) leukemia. Previously, we have shown that downregulation of RUNX1-ETO leads to activation of intracellular signaling pathways enhancing cell survival and determined that the protein ERK2 can mediate activation of most of these pathways. Here we used a combination of oridonin (natural tetracycline diterpenoid), which has been shown to exhibit anti-RUNX1-ETO activity, and ERK2 kinase inhibitors. We found that treatment of leukemic t(8;21)-positive Kasumi-1 cells with oridonin cause decrease of phosphorylated ERK1/2. Treatment of these cells with ERK2 inhibitors makes them more sensitive to RUNX1-ETO inhibition with oridonin. Therefore we postulate that simultaneous inhibition of RUNX1-ETO and ERK2 cause synergistic effect on survival of leukemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Spirin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Timofey Lebedev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Natalia Orlova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexey Morozov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Poymenova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Sergey E Dmitriev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Anton Buzdin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Dmitry Rogachev Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow 117997, Russia.,National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Centre for Convergence of Nano-, Bio-, Information and Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Carol Stocking
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Olga Kovalchuk
- OncoFinder Ltd, Lethbridge, AB T1K7×8, Canada.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K3M4, Canada
| | - Vladimir Prassolov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
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25
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Zhang N, Lu C, Chen L. miR-217 regulates tumor growth and apoptosis by targeting the MAPK signaling pathway in colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:4589-4597. [PMID: 28105166 PMCID: PMC5228443 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miR)-217 has been reported to participate in carcinogenesis and tumor progression in several cancers; however, its expression and biological functions in colorectal cancer (CRC) are still unclear. The present study demonstrated that miR-217 expression was significantly higher in matched adjacent noncancerous tissues than in CRC tissues (P<0.001). In addition, it was observed that low-grade CRC exhibited greater expression of miR-217 compared with high-grade CRC (P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analyses revealed that overall survival rates were significantly poorer in the low-expression group relative to the high-expression group (P<0.005). Next, a potential miR-217 target, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) 1, was identified. Upregulation of miR-217 could significantly downregulate MAPK1 expression. CRC cells overexpressing miR-217 exhibited cell growth inhibition by significant enhancement of apoptosis in vitro. The present study further investigated the MAPK signaling pathway to verify the mechanisms, and revealed that KRAS and Raf-1 expression was downregulated in miR-217-overexpressing RKO cells. Taken together, our results revealed that miR-217 inhibits tumor growth and enhances apoptosis in CRC, and that this is associated with the downregulation of MAPK signaling. These results indicate that miR-217 is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- General Surgery Center Department of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Canrong Lu
- General Surgery Center Department of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- General Surgery Center Department of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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26
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Singh AK, Pandey RK, Shaha C, Madhubala R. MicroRNA expression profiling of Leishmania donovani-infected host cells uncovers the regulatory role of MIR30A-3p in host autophagy. Autophagy 2016; 12:1817-1831. [PMID: 27459332 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1203500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania is an obligate intracellular parasite that replicates inside phagolysosomes or parasitophorous vacuoles (PV) of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. It reprograms macrophages and produces a metabolic state conducive to successful infection and multiplication. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small 22 to 24 nucleotide noncoding regulatory RNAs alter the gene expression and consequently proteome output by targeting mRNAs, may play a regulatory role in modulating host cell functions. In the present study, we demonstrate the novel regulatory role of host microRNA, MIR30A-3p in modulation of host cell macroautophagy/autophagy after infection with L. donovani. Our in vitro studies showed that MIR30A-3p expression was significantly enhanced after L. donovani infection in a time-dependent manner. Transient transfection with a MIR30A-3p inhibitor followed by L. donovani infection promoted the autophagic response and decreased the intracellular parasite burden in both THP-1 cells and human monocyte-derived macrophages (HsMDM). BECN1/Beclin 1, the mammalian ortholog of yeast Vps30/Atg6, is a key autophagy-promoting protein that plays a key role in the regulation of cell death and survival. We report BECN1-dependent modulation of host cell autophagy in response to L. donovani infection. Pretreatment of L. donovani-infected macrophages with the MIR30A-3p mimic decreased and with antagomir increased the expression of BECN1 protein. We demonstrate that BECN1 is a potential target of MIR30A-3p and this miRNA negatively regulates BECN1 expression. Our present study reveals for the first time a novel role of MIR30A-3p in regulating autophagy-mediated L. donovani elimination by targeting BECN1. The present study has significant impact for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Kumar Singh
- a School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi , India
| | - Rajeev Kumar Pandey
- b Cell Death and Differentiation Research Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology , New Delhi , India
| | - Chandrima Shaha
- b Cell Death and Differentiation Research Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology , New Delhi , India
| | - Rentala Madhubala
- a School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi , India
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27
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Liu L, Li CJ, Lu Y, Zong XG, Luo C, Sun J, Guo LJ. Baclofen mediates neuroprotection on hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells through the regulation of autophagy under chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14474. [PMID: 26412641 PMCID: PMC4585985 DOI: 10.1038/srep14474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
GABA receptors play an important role in ischemic brain injury. Studies have indicated that autophagy is closely related to neurodegenerative diseases. However, during chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, the changes of autophagy in the hippocampal CA1 area, the correlation between GABA receptors and autophagy, and their influences on hippocampal neuronal apoptosis have not been well established. Here, we found that chronic cerebral hypoperfusion resulted in rat hippocampal atrophy, neuronal apoptosis, enhancement and redistribution of autophagy, down-regulation of Bcl-2/Bax ratio, elevation of cleaved caspase-3 levels, reduction of surface expression of GABAA receptor α1 subunit and an increase in surface and mitochondrial expression of connexin 43 (CX43) and CX36. Chronic administration of GABAB receptors agonist baclofen significantly alleviated neuronal damage. Meanwhile, baclofen could up-regulate the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax and increase the activation of Akt, GSK-3β and ERK which suppressed cytodestructive autophagy. The study also provided evidence that baclofen could attenuate the decrease in surface expression of GABAA receptor α1 subunit, and down-regulate surface and mitochondrial expression of CX43 and CX36, which might enhance protective autophagy. The current findings suggested that, under chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, the effects of GABAB receptors activation on autophagy regulation could reverse neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Chang-jun Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
- Neurology Department, Huanggang central hospital, Hubei Province, Huanggang, 438000, PR China
| | - Yun Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Xian-gang Zong
- Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM) and Zentrum für Pharmaforschung, Department Pharmazie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Chao Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Lian-jun Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, China
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28
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Angileri F, Roy V, Morrow G, Scoazec JY, Gadot N, Orejuela D, Tanguay RM. Molecular changes associated with chronic liver damage and neoplastic lesions in a murine model of hereditary tyrosinemia type 1. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:2603-17. [PMID: 26360553 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 (HT1) is the most severe inherited metabolic disease of the tyrosine catabolic pathway, with a progressive hepatic and renal injury and a fatal outcome if untreated. Toxic metabolites accumulating in HT1 have been shown to elicit endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, and to induce chromosomal instability, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis perturbation. Although many studies have concentrated on elucidating these events, the molecular pathways responsible for development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) still remain unclear. In this study the fah knockout murine model (fah(-/-)) was used to investigate the cellular signaling implicated in the pathogenesis of HT1. Fah(-/-) mice were subjected to drug therapy discontinuation (Nitisinone withdrawal), and livers were analyzed at different stages of the disease. Monitoring of mice revealed an increasing degeneration of the overall physiological conditions following drug withdrawal. Histological analysis unveiled diffuse hepatocellular damage, steatosis, oval-like cells proliferation and development of liver cell adenomas. Immunoblotting results revealed a progressive and chronic activation of stress pathways related to cell survival and proliferation, including several stress regulators such as Nrf2, eIF2α, CHOP, HO-1, and some members of the MAPK signaling cascade. Impairment of stress defensive mechanisms was also shown by microarray analysis in fah(-/-) mice following prolonged therapy interruption. These results suggest that a sustained activation of stress pathways in the chronic HT1 progression might play a central role in exacerbating liver degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Angileri
- Laboratoire de génétique cellulaire et développementale,IBIS et PROTEO,Département de Biologie Moléculaire,Biochimie Médicale et Pathologie,Faculté de Médecine,1030 Ave de la médecine,Université Laval,Québec G1V 0A6,Canada
| | - Vincent Roy
- Laboratoire de génétique cellulaire et développementale,IBIS et PROTEO,Département de Biologie Moléculaire,Biochimie Médicale et Pathologie,Faculté de Médecine,1030 Ave de la médecine,Université Laval,Québec G1V 0A6,Canada
| | - Geneviève Morrow
- Laboratoire de génétique cellulaire et développementale,IBIS et PROTEO,Département de Biologie Moléculaire,Biochimie Médicale et Pathologie,Faculté de Médecine,1030 Ave de la médecine,Université Laval,Québec G1V 0A6,Canada
| | - Jean Yves Scoazec
- Service Central d'anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques,Hôpital Edouard-Herriot,69437 Lyon Cedex 03,France
| | - Nicolas Gadot
- Service Central d'anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques,Hôpital Edouard-Herriot,69437 Lyon Cedex 03,France
| | - Diana Orejuela
- Laboratoire de génétique cellulaire et développementale,IBIS et PROTEO,Département de Biologie Moléculaire,Biochimie Médicale et Pathologie,Faculté de Médecine,1030 Ave de la médecine,Université Laval,Québec G1V 0A6,Canada
| | - Robert M Tanguay
- Laboratoire de génétique cellulaire et développementale,IBIS et PROTEO,Département de Biologie Moléculaire,Biochimie Médicale et Pathologie,Faculté de Médecine,1030 Ave de la médecine,Université Laval,Québec G1V 0A6,Canada.
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29
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Liu Y, Zhang Z, Song T, Liang F, Xie M, Sheng H. Resistance to BH3 mimetic S1 in SCLC cells that up-regulate and phosphorylate Bcl-2 through ERK1/2. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 169:1612-23. [PMID: 23651505 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) is a central regulator of cell survival that is overexpressed in the majority of small-cell lung cancers (SCLC) and contributes to both malignant transformation and therapeutic resistance. The purpose of this work was to study the key factors that determine the sensitivity of SCLC cells to Bcl-2 homology domain-3 (BH3) mimetic S1 and the mechanism underlying the resistance of BH3 mimetics. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHES Western blot was used to evaluate the contribution of Bcl-2 family members to the cellular response of SCLC cell lines to S1. Acquired resistant cells were derived from initially sensitive H1688 cells. Quantitative PCR and gene silencing were performed to investigate Bcl-2 up-regulation. KEY RESULTS A progressive increase in the relative levels of Bcl-2 and phosphorylated Bcl-2 (pBcl-2) characterized the increased de novo and acquired resistance of SCLC cell lines. Furthermore, acute treatment of S1 induced Bcl-2 expression and phosphorylation. We showed that BH3 mimetics, including S1 and ABT-737, induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and then activated MAPK/ERK pathway. The dual function of MAPK/ERK pathway in defining BH3 mimetics was illustrated; ERK1/2 activation leaded to Bcl-2 transcriptional up-regulation and sustained phosphorylation in naïve and acquired resistant SCLC cells. pBcl-2 played a key role in creating resistance of S1 and ABT-737 not only by sequestrating pro-apoptotic proteins, but also sequestrating a positive feedback to promote ERK1/2 activation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results provide significant novel insights into the molecular mechanisms for crosstalk between ER stress and endogenously apoptotic pathways in SCLC following BH3 mimetics treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
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30
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Sadahira K, Sagawa M, Nakazato T, Uchida H, Ikeda Y, Okamoto S, Nakajima H, Kizaki M. Gossypol induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells by inhibition of interleukin-6 signaling and Bcl-2/Mcl-1 pathway. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:2278-86. [PMID: 25231749 PMCID: PMC4215583 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal plasma cell disorder affecting the immune system with various systemic symptoms. MM remains incurable even with high dose chemotherapy using conventional drugs, thus necessitating development of novel therapeutic strategies. Gossypol (Gos) is a natural polyphenolic compound extracted from cotton plants, and has been shown to possess anti-neoplastic activity against various tumors. Recent studies have shown that Gos is an inhibitor for Bcl-2 or Bcl-XL acting as BH3 mimetics that interfere interaction between pro-apoptotic BH3-only proteins and Bcl-2/Bcl-XL. Since most of the patients with MM overexpress Bcl-2 protein, we considered Gos might be a promising therapeutic agent for MM. We herein show that Gos efficiently induced apoptosis and inhibited proliferation of the OPM2 MM cell line, in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Gos induced activation of caspase-3 and cytochrome c release from mitochondria, showing mitochondrial dysfunction pathway is operational during apoptosis. Further investigation revealed that phosphorylation of Bcl-2 at serine-70 was attenuated by Gos treatment, while protein levels were not affected. In addition, Mcl-1 was downregulated by Gos. Interestingly, phosphorylation of JAK2, STAT3, ERK1/2 and p38MAPK was inhibited by Gos-treatment, indicating that Gos globally suppressed interleukin-6 (IL-6) signals. Moreover, JAK2 inhibition mimicked the effect of Gos in OPM2 cells including Bcl-2 dephosphorylation and Mcl-1 downregulation. These results demonstrated that Gos induces apoptosis in MM cells not only through displacing BH3-only proteins from Bcl-2, but also through inhibiting IL-6 signaling, which leads to Bcl-2 dephosphorylation and Mcl-1 downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Sadahira
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Morihiko Sagawa
- Department of Hematology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-8550, Japan
| | - Tomonori Nakazato
- Department of Hematology, Yokohama Municipal Hospital, Kanagawa 240-8555, Japan
| | - Hideo Uchida
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tokyo Electric Power Company Hospital, Tokyo 160-0016, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ikeda
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Okamoto
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nakajima
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kizaki
- Department of Hematology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-8550, Japan
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31
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Lata K, Mukherjee TK. Knockdown of receptor for advanced glycation end products attenuate 17α-ethinyl-estradiol dependent proliferation and survival of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:1083-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Serotonin inhibits apoptosis of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell by pERK1/2 and PDK through 5-HT1B receptors and 5-HT transporters. Cardiovasc Pathol 2013; 22:451-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Phosphorylation of paxillin confers cisplatin resistance in non-small cell lung cancer via activating ERK-mediated Bcl-2 expression. Oncogene 2013; 33:4385-95. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Liu H, Mi S, Li Z, Hua F, Hu ZW. Interleukin 17A inhibits autophagy through activation of PIK3CA to interrupt the GSK3B-mediated degradation of BCL2 in lung epithelial cells. Autophagy 2013; 9:730-42. [PMID: 23514933 DOI: 10.4161/auto.24039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently found that activation of IL17A signaling promotes the development and progression of acute and chronic pulmonary fibrosis, and that the blockade of IL17A activity attenuates pulmonary fibrosis by promoting the resolution of inflammation and the activation of autophagy. Although the induction of autophagy stimulating the collagen degradation in the fibrotic lung tissue has been identified as a mechanism responsible for the antifibrotic role of targeting IL17A, it remains to be clarified how IL17A signaling suppresses autophagy. Here we report that the phosphorylation of B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (BCL2), an apoptosis regulatory protein, was inhibited in the presence of IL17A in lung epithelial cells, and this reduction suppressed the ubiquitination degradation of BCL2, which subsequently attenuated autophagy by promoting the interaction of BCL2 and BECN1. We found that IL17A regulated the phosphorylation of BCL2 through activating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-glycogen synthase kinase 3 β (GSK3B) signaling cascade. In response to IL17A stimulation, PI3K was activated and resulted in phosphorylation of GSK3B at Ser9, which subsequently attenuated the interaction of GSK3B with BCL2. Interrupting the GSK3B and BCL2 interaction precluded the phosphorylation of BCL2 at Ser70, which could trigger the ubiquitination degradation, and restrained the ubiquitination degradation of BCL2. Consequently, a decrease in the BCL2 degradation induced by IL17A resulted in a suppressed autophagy in lung epithelial cells. These findings indicate that the IL17A-PI3K-GSK3B-BCL2 signaling pathway participates in the attenuation of autophagic activity in lung epithelial cells, which is attributed to be primarily responsible for the development and progression of IL17A-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Molecular Immunology and Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Sex-associated expression of co-stimulatory molecules CD80, CD86, and accessory molecules, PDL-1, PDL-2 and MHC-II, in F480+ macrophages during murine cysticercosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:570158. [PMID: 23533995 PMCID: PMC3581293 DOI: 10.1155/2013/570158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are critically involved in the interaction between T. crassiceps and the murine host immune system. Also, a strong gender-associated susceptibility to murine cysticercosis has been reported. Here, we examined the sex-associated expression of molecules MHC-II, CD80, CD86, PD-L1, and PD-L2 on peritoneal F4/80hi macrophages of BALB/c mice infected with Taenia crassiceps. Peritoneal macrophages from both sexes of mice were exposed to T. crassiceps total extract (TcEx). BALB/c Females mice recruit higher number of macrophages to the peritoneum. Macrophages from infected animals show increased expression of PDL2 and CD80 that was dependent from the sex of the host. These findings suggest that macrophage recruitment at early time points during T. crassiceps infection is a possible mechanism that underlies the differential sex-associated susceptibility displayed by the mouse gender.
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Liu Y, Tian H, Yan X, Fan F, Wang W, Han J. Serotonin inhibits apoptosis of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells through 5-HT2A receptors involved in the pulmonary artery remodeling of pulmonary artery hypertension. Exp Lung Res 2013; 39:70-9. [PMID: 23301505 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2012.758191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Decreased pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) apoptosis play a key role in pulmonary artery remodeling during pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH), but the mechanisms involved are unclear. Serotonin (5-HT) inhibits apoptosis in many pathologic processes by activating the 5-HT2A receptor. Therefore, we hypothesized that 5-HT may be the promoter of decreased apoptosis in PAH through the 5-HT2A receptor. We found that inhibition of the 5-HT2A receptor prevented the increase in pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary artery remodeling in rats stimulated by monocrotaline. This effect was accompanied by increased apoptosis in the pulmonary artery. Cultured PASMCs stimulated with 5-HT showed a decrease in apoptosis with increased phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK), and mitochondrial transmembrane potential. These effects were markedly prevented by a 5-HT2A receptor inhibitor, an ERK1/2 activation inhibitor peptide I, or a PDK inhibitor. In conclusion, 5-HT inhibited PASMC apoptosis by activating the 5-HT2A receptor through the pERK1/2 and PDK pathways.5-HT decreasing apoptosis through 5-HT2A receptor is involved, at least in part, in pulmonary artery remolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Liu
- Department of Cardiolovascular Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical college of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shannxi Province Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
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Cai Z, Yang F, Yu L, Yu Z, Jiang L, Wang Q, Yang Y, Wang L, Cao X, Wang J. Activated T cell exosomes promote tumor invasion via Fas signaling pathway. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:5954-61. [PMID: 22573809 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Activated T cells release bioactive Fas ligand (FasL) in exosomes, which subsequently induce self-apoptosis of T cells. However, their potential effects on cell apoptosis in tumors are still unknown. In this study, we purified exosomes expressing FasL from activated CD8(+) T cell from OT-I mice and found that activated T cell exosomes had little effect on apoptosis and proliferation of tumor cells but promoted the invasion of B16 and 3LL cancer cells in vitro via the Fas/FasL pathway. Activated T cell exosomes increased the amount of cellular FLICE inhibitory proteins and subsequently activated the ERK and NF-κB pathways, which subsequently increased MMP9 expression in the B16 murine melanoma cells. In a tumor-invasive model in vivo, we observed that the activated T cell exosomes promoted the migration of B16 tumor cells to lung. Interestingly, pretreatment with FasL mAb significantly reduced the migration of B16 tumor cells to lung. Furthermore, CD8 and FasL double-positive exosomes from tumor mice, but not normal mice, also increased the expression of MMP9 and promoted the invasive ability of B16 murine melanoma and 3LL lung cancer cells. In conclusion, our results indicate that activated T cell exosomes promote melanoma and lung cancer cell metastasis by increasing the expression of MMP9 via Fas signaling, revealing a new mechanism of tumor immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Cai
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
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38
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Neonatal hypoxia–ischemia induces sex-related changes in rat brain mitochondria. Mitochondrion 2012; 12:271-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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39
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Natarajan PL, Narayanan S. Mitogen-activated protein kinases mediate the production of B-cell lymphoma 2 protein by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in monocytes. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2011; 76:938-50. [PMID: 22022968 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297911080104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the levels of antiapoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein has been reported in murine and human tuberculosis. We investigated the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in the production of Bcl-2 protein in THP-1 human monocytes infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and H37Ra. Analysis of phosphorylation profiles of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-1, extracellular-signal regulated kinase 1/2, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3/6, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase; B-cell lymphoma 2 kinetics; and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) secretion levels showed variation between the two strains. Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv induced higher Bcl-2 and lower TNF-α levels, whereas H37Ra the reverse. The strains also differed in their usage of CD14 and human leukocyte antigen-DR receptors in mediating extracellular-signal regulated kinase 1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv- and H37Ra-induced Bcl-2 production was reduced by specific inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-1 (PD98059) and p38 (SB203580), but increased by nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) inhibitor (BAY 11-7082). TNF-α production by both strains was reduced in the presence of specific inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-1 (PD98059), p38 (SB203580), and NF-κB (BAY 11-7082). Furthermore, inhibition of NF-κB was accompanied by an increase in strain-induced extracellular-signal regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation. Collectively, these results indicate for the first time that the production of Bcl-2 and TNF-α by M. tuberculosis H37Rv/H37Ra-infected THP-1 human monocytes is mediated through mitogen-activated protein kinases and NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Natarajan
- Department of Immunology, Tuberculosis Research Centre, Chennai, India
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40
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Singh S, Wu S, Varney M, Singh AP, Singh RK. CXCR1 and CXCR2 silencing modulates CXCL8-dependent endothelial cell proliferation, migration and capillary-like structure formation. Microvasc Res 2011; 82:318-25. [PMID: 21749879 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2011.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
CXCR1 and CXCR2 are receptors for angiogenic ELR+CXC chemokines and are differentially expressed on endothelial cells; however, their functional significance in angiogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we determined the functional significance of these receptors in modulating endothelial cell phenotype by knocking-down the expression of CXCR1 and/or CXCR2 in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) using short-hairpin RNA (shRNA). Cell proliferation, migration, invasion and capillary-like structure (CLS) formation were analyzed. Our data demonstrate that knock-down of CXCR1 and/or CXCR2 expression inhibited endothelial cell proliferation, survival, migration, invasion and CLS formation. Additionally, we examined the mechanism of CXCL8-dependent CXCR1 and/or CXCR2 mediated phenotypic changes by evaluating ERK phosphorylation and cytoskeletal rearrangement and observed inhibition of ERK phosphorylation and cytoskeletal rearrangement in HMEC-1-shCXCR1, HMEC-1-shCXCR2 and HMEC-1-shCXCR1/2 cells. Together, these data demonstrate that CXCR1 and CXCR2 expression plays a critical role in regulating multiple biological activities in human microvascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Singh
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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41
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Tripathi R, Samadder T, Gupta S, Surolia A, Shaha C. Anticancer activity of a combination of cisplatin and fisetin in embryonal carcinoma cells and xenograft tumors. Mol Cancer Ther 2011; 10:255-68. [PMID: 21216935 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-10-0606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Use of chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin is limited because of its toxicity. Therefore, efforts continue for the discovery of novel combination therapies with cisplatin to reduce its effective treatment dose. This study evaluates the potential of fisetin, a flavonoid, to increase cisplatin cytotoxicity in human embryonal carcinoma NT2/D1 cells. Addition of fisetin to cisplatin enhanced cisplatin cytotoxicity in vitro at four times lower dose than that required by cisplatin monotherapy for similar cytotoxic effects. Cisplatin, fisetin monotherapy, and addition of fisetin to cisplatin in a combination increased FasL expression. Cisplatin and fisetin as single agents activated caspases-8 and -3 and caspases-9 and -7, respectively, whereas combination treatment activated all 4 caspases. Increases in p53 and p21 and decreases in cyclin B1 and survivin occurred, all effects being more exaggerated with the combination. Fisetin, with or without cisplatin, increased expression of proapoptotic protein Bak and induced its mitochondrial oligomerization. Bid truncation and mitochondrial translocation of Bid and p53 was induced by fisetin in the presence or absence of cisplatin. Downregulation of p53 by short hairpin RNA during drug treatment decreased p21 levels but caused survivin increase, thus reducing cell death. Upstream to p53, inhibition of p38 phosphorylation reduced p53 phosphorylation and cell death. In a NT2/D1 mouse xenograft model, combination therapy was most effective in reducing tumor size. In summary, findings of this study suggest that addition of fisetin to cisplatin activates both the mitochondrial and the cell death receptor pathway and could be a promising regimen for the elimination of embryonal carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakshamani Tripathi
- Cell Death and Differentiation Research Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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42
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Tang D, Kang R, Livesey KM, Cheh CW, Farkas A, Loughran P, Hoppe G, Bianchi ME, Tracey KJ, Zeh HJ, Lotze MT. Endogenous HMGB1 regulates autophagy. THE JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY 2010. [PMID: 20819940 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.2009.11078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy clears long-lived proteins and dysfunctional organelles and generates substrates for adenosine triphosphate production during periods of starvation and other types of cellular stress. Here we show that high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a chromatin-associated nuclear protein and extracellular damage-associated molecular pattern molecule, is a critical regulator of autophagy. Stimuli that enhance reactive oxygen species promote cytosolic translocation of HMGB1 and thereby enhance autophagic flux. HMGB1 directly interacts with the autophagy protein Beclin1 displacing Bcl-2. Mutation of cysteine 106 (C106), but not the vicinal C23 and C45, of HMGB1 promotes cytosolic localization and sustained autophagy. Pharmacological inhibition of HMGB1 cytoplasmic translocation by agents such as ethyl pyruvate limits starvation-induced autophagy. Moreover, the intramolecular disulfide bridge (C23/45) of HMGB1 is required for binding to Beclin1 and sustaining autophagy. Thus, endogenous HMGB1 is a critical pro-autophagic protein that enhances cell survival and limits programmed apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daolin Tang
- Damage Associated Molecular Pattern Molecule Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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Tang D, Kang R, Livesey KM, Cheh CW, Farkas A, Loughran P, Hoppe G, Bianchi ME, Tracey KJ, Zeh HJ, Lotze MT. Endogenous HMGB1 regulates autophagy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 190:881-92. [PMID: 20819940 PMCID: PMC2935581 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200911078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 733] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy clears long-lived proteins and dysfunctional organelles and generates substrates for adenosine triphosphate production during periods of starvation and other types of cellular stress. Here we show that high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a chromatin-associated nuclear protein and extracellular damage-associated molecular pattern molecule, is a critical regulator of autophagy. Stimuli that enhance reactive oxygen species promote cytosolic translocation of HMGB1 and thereby enhance autophagic flux. HMGB1 directly interacts with the autophagy protein Beclin1 displacing Bcl-2. Mutation of cysteine 106 (C106), but not the vicinal C23 and C45, of HMGB1 promotes cytosolic localization and sustained autophagy. Pharmacological inhibition of HMGB1 cytoplasmic translocation by agents such as ethyl pyruvate limits starvation-induced autophagy. Moreover, the intramolecular disulfide bridge (C23/45) of HMGB1 is required for binding to Beclin1 and sustaining autophagy. Thus, endogenous HMGB1 is a critical pro-autophagic protein that enhances cell survival and limits programmed apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daolin Tang
- Damage Associated Molecular Pattern Molecule Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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Lin X, Sun T, Cai M, Shen P. Cell-death-mode switch from necrosis to apoptosis in hydrogen peroxide treated macrophages. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2010; 53:1196-203. [PMID: 20953942 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-010-4075-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2009] [Accepted: 12/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cell death is typically defined either as apoptosis or necrosis. Because the consequences of apoptosis and necrosis are quite different for an entire organism, the investigation of the cell-death-mode switch has considerable clinical significance. The existence of a necrosis-to-apoptosis switch induced by hydrogen peroxide in macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 cells was confirmed by using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. With the help of computational simulations, this study predicted that negative feedbacks between NF-κB and MAPKs are implicated in converting necrosis into apoptosis in macrophages exposed to hydrogen peroxide, which has significant implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- XuZhu Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
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Chimento A, Sirianni R, Zolea F, Bois C, Delalande C, Andò S, Maggiolini M, Aquila S, Carreau S, Pezzi V. Gper and ESRs are expressed in rat round spermatids and mediate oestrogen-dependent rapid pathways modulating expression of cyclin B1 and Bax. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 34:420-9. [PMID: 20969598 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2010.01100.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a precisely controlled and timed process, comprising mitotic divisions of spermatogonia, meiotic divisions of spermatocytes, maturation and differentiation of haploid spermatids giving rise to spermatozoa. It is well known that the maintenance of spermatogenesis is controlled by gonadotrophins and testosterone, the effects of which are modulated by a complex network of locally produced factors, including oestrogens. However, it remains uncertain whether oestrogens are able to activate rapid signalling pathways directly in male germ cells. Classically, oestrogens act by binding to oestrogen receptors (ESRs) 1 and 2. Recently, it has been demonstrated that rapid oestrogen action can also be mediated by the G-protein-coupled oestrogen receptor 1 (Gper). The aim of the present study was to investigate ESRs and Gper expression in primary cultures of adult rat round spermatids (RS) and define if oestradiol (E2) is able to activate, through these receptors, pathways involved in the regulation of genes controlling rat RS apoptosis and/or maturation. In this study, we demonstrated that rat RS express ESR1, ESR2 and Gper. Short-time treatment of RS with E2, the selective Gper agonist G1 and the selective ESR1 and ERβ agonists, 4,4',4"-(4-propyl-[1H]pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl) trisphenol (PPT) and 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile (DPN), respectively, determined activation of Extra-cellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) through the involvement of epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation. In addition, we investigated the effects of ESRs and Gper pathway activation on factors involved in RS maturation. Expression of cyclin B1 mRNA was downregulated by E2, G1 and PPT, but not by DPN. A concomitant and inverse regulation of the pro-apoptotic factor Bax mRNA expression was observed in the same conditions, with DPN being the only one determining an increase in this factor expression. Collectively, these data demonstrate that E2 activates, through ESRs and Gper, pathways involved in the regulation of genes controlling rat RS apoptosis and differentiation such as cyclin B1 and Bax.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chimento
- Department of Pharmaco-Biology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
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46
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Subramanian M, Shaha C. Oestrogen modulates human macrophage apoptosis via differential signalling through oestrogen receptor-alpha and beta. J Cell Mol Med 2010. [PMID: 20141615 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00679.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human macrophages express oestrogen receptors and are therefore competent to respond to the hormone present in their microenvironment, which is implicated in sexual dimorphism observed in several immune and autoimmune phenomena. An earlier study from this laboratory demonstrated 17beta-oestradiol (E2) induced apoptosis in macrophages derived from human peripheral blood monocytes and THP-1 acute monocytic leukaemia cell line when Bcl-2 was down-regulated; however, the involvement of E2 receptor subtypes in the modulation of death pathways in these cells remain unknown. Using macrophages derived from THP-1 human acute monocytic leukaemia cells as a model, we demonstrate that plasma membrane associated oestrogen receptor (ER) -alpha participate in E2 induced Bcl-2 increase, through activation of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway whereas cytosolic ER-beta transmits signals for the pro-apoptotic event of Bax translocation. The mechanistic basis of Bax translocation comprised of ER-beta mediated increase in intracellular pH, facilitated by activation of the Na(+)-H(+) exchanger. Intracellular alkalinization accompanied by concomitant Bcl-2 increase and Bax migration does not cause cellular apoptosis; however, siRNA mediated down-regulation of ER-alpha during E2 exposure leads to inhibition of Bcl-2 increase and consequently apoptosis due to the unopposed action of mitochondrial Bax. In summary, this study underscores the importance of integrative signalling modality from multiple oestrogen receptor pools in modulating oestrogen effects on human monocyte-derived macrophage apoptotic signalling pathway, which opens new vistas to explore the use of selective oestrogen receptor modulators in apoptosis-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Subramanian
- Cell Death and Differentiation Research Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
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47
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Moro L, Arbini AA, Hsieh JT, Ford J, Simpson ER, Hajibeigi A, Oz OK. Aromatase deficiency inhibits the permeability transition in mouse liver mitochondria. Endocrinology 2010; 151:1643-52. [PMID: 20194728 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-1450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lack of estrogens affects male physiology in a number of ways, including severe changes in liver metabolism that result in lipid accumulation and massive hepatic steatosis. Here we investigated whether estrogen deficiency may alter the functionality and permeability properties of liver mitochondria using, as an experimental model, aromatase knockout (ArKO) male mice, which cannot synthesize endogenous estrogens due to a disruption of the Cyp19 gene. Liver mitochondria isolated from ArKO mice displayed increased activity of the mitochondrial respiratory complex IV compared with wild-type mice and were less prone to undergo cyclosporin A-sensitive mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) induced by calcium loading. The altered permeability properties of the mitochondrial membranes were not due to changes in reactive oxygen species, ATP levels, or mitochondrial membrane potential but were associated with increased content of the phospholipid cardiolipin, structural component of the mitochondrial membranes and regulator of the MPT pore, and with increased mitochondrial protein levels of Bcl-2 and the adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT), regulator and component of the MPT pore, respectively. Real-time RT-PCR demonstrated increased mRNA levels for Bcl-2 and ANT2 but not for the ANT1 isoform in ArKO livers. Supplementation of 17beta-estradiol retrieved ArKO mice from massive hepatic steatosis and restored mitochondrial permeability properties, cardiolipin, Bcl-2, and ANT2 levels. Overall, our findings demonstrate an important role of estrogens in the modulation of hepatic mitochondrial function and permeability properties in males and suggest that estrogen deficiency may represent a novel positive regulator of Bcl-2 and ANT2 proteins, two inhibitors of MPT occurrence and powerful antiapoptotic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Moro
- Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, National Research Council, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy.
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48
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Cerella C, D’Alessio M, Cristofanon S, De Nicola M, Radogna F, Dicato M, Diederich M, Ghibelli L. Subapoptogenic Oxidative Stress Strongly Increases the Activity of the Glycolytic Key Enzyme Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1171:583-90. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04723.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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49
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Zhang L, Li X, Zhao L, Zhang L, Zhang G, Wang J, Wei L. Nongenomic effect of estrogen on the MAPK signaling pathway and calcium influx in endometrial carcinoma cells. J Cell Biochem 2009; 106:553-62. [PMID: 19160418 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
17beta-Estradiol (E2) is well known to interact with intracellular receptors that act as nuclear transcription factors. However, abundant evidence now indicates that E2 can also rapidly induce several nongenomic effects through signaling pathways related to cell growth, preservation, and differentiation. We studied the nongenomic effects of E2 in two human endometrial carcinoma cell lines, Ishikawa (estrogen receptor (ER) positive) and Hec-1A (ER negative or low) by cultivating them with either E2 or its membrane-impermeable conjugate, E2-BSA. We found that phosphorylation of Erk1/2 could be induced by either E2 or E2-BSA in Ishikawa cells. In Hec-1A cells, only E2 was able to induce Erk1/2 phosphorylation. Although the existence of a nongenomic component to the response was indicated by the finding that it could not be completely inhibited by the ER antagonist ICI182780,and it can also be inhibited by calcium inhibitor Nifedipine partly. Phosphorylation of Akt could not be induced, either by E2 or E2-BSA, in either cell line. Both E2 and E2-BSA elicited calcium influx in Ishikawa cells. In contrast to these nongenomic effects, only E2 was able to stimulate expression of the anti-apoptotic-protein Bcl-2. Taken together, these data indicate that nongenomic effects such as Erk1/2 phosphorylation and calcium influx can be initiated from the membrane in Ishikawa cell, and calcium can activate Erk1/2 phosphorylation. Except for ER, there must be other binding location of estrogen in endometrial cancer cells, and the nongenomic effects of estrogen initiated from plasma membrane by E2-BSA cannot lead to transcriptional effect of Bcl-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, China
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50
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Maselli A, Matarrese P, Straface E, Canu S, Franconi F, Malorni W. Cell sex: a new look at cell fate studies. FASEB J 2008; 23:978-84. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.08-114348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Maselli
- Department of Drug Research and Evaluation Istituto Superiore di Sanità Rome Italy
- National Laboratory of the National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems Osilo Italy
| | - Paola Matarrese
- Department of Drug Research and Evaluation Istituto Superiore di Sanità Rome Italy
| | - Elisabetta Straface
- Department of Drug Research and Evaluation Istituto Superiore di Sanità Rome Italy
| | - Silvia Canu
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Biotechnology Development and Biodiversity Research University of Sassari Sassari Italy
| | - Flavia Franconi
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Biotechnology Development and Biodiversity Research University of Sassari Sassari Italy
- National Laboratory of the National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems Osilo Italy
| | - Walter Malorni
- Department of Drug Research and Evaluation Istituto Superiore di Sanità Rome Italy
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