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Baumgarten N, Rumpf L, Kessler T, Schulz MH. A statistical approach for identifying single nucleotide variants that affect transcription factor binding. iScience 2024; 27:109765. [PMID: 38736546 PMCID: PMC11088338 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-coding variants located within regulatory elements may alter gene expression by modifying transcription factor (TF) binding sites, thereby leading to functional consequences. Different TF models are being used to assess the effect of DNA sequence variants, such as single nucleotide variants (SNVs). Often existing methods are slow and do not assess statistical significance of results. We investigated the distribution of absolute maximal differential TF binding scores for general computational models that affect TF binding. We find that a modified Laplace distribution can adequately approximate the empirical distributions. A benchmark on in vitro and in vivo datasets showed that our approach improves upon an existing method in terms of performance and speed. Applications on eQTLs and on a genome-wide association study illustrate the usefulness of our statistics by highlighting cell type-specific regulators and target genes. An implementation of our approach is freely available on GitHub and as bioconda package.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Baumgarten
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute for Computational Genomic Medicine, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute for Computer Science, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Laura Rumpf
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute for Computational Genomic Medicine, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute for Computer Science, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thorsten Kessler
- German Heart Centre Munich, Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Marcel H. Schulz
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute for Computational Genomic Medicine, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute for Computer Science, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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2
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Liu X, Dong M, Li Y, Li L, Zhang Y, Zhou A, Wang D. Structural characterization of Russula griseocarnosa polysaccharide and its improvement on hematopoietic function. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130355. [PMID: 38395281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The hematopoietic function of a polysaccharide derived from Russula griseocarnosa was demonstrated in K562 cells, and subsequently purified through chromatography to obtain RGP1. RGP1 is a galactan composed of 1,6-α-D-Galp as the main chain, with partial substitutions. A -CH3 substitution was detected at O-3 of 1,6-α-D-Galp. The possible branches at O-2 of 1,6-α-D-Galp was α-L-Fucp. In mice with cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced hematopoietic dysfunction, RGP1 alleviated bone marrow damage and multinucleated giant cell infiltration of the spleen, increased the number of long-term hematopoietic stem cells, and regulated the levels of myeloid cells in the peripheral blood. Furthermore, RGP1 promoted the differentiation of activated T cells and CD4+ T cells without affecting natural killer cells and B cells. Proteomic analysis, detection of cytokines, and western blotting revealed that RGP1 could alleviate hematopoietic dysfunction by promoting the activation of CD4+ T cells and the Janus kinase/ signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway. The present study provides experimental evidence to support the application of RGP1 in CTX-induced hematopoietic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; School of Health Science and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300131, China.
| | - Mingyuan Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Yuan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Lanzhou Li
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, School of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Yongfeng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Andong Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Di Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, School of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
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3
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Davies J, Sirvent S, Vallejo AF, Clayton K, Douilhet G, Keeler PS, West J, Ardern-Jones M, MacArthur BD, Singh H, Polak ME. Transcriptional programming of immunoregulatory responses in human Langerhans cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:892254. [PMID: 36203560 PMCID: PMC9530347 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.892254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) maintain immune homeostasis in the skin. To examine transcriptional programming of human primary LCs during homeostasis, we performed scRNA-seq analysis of LCs before and after migration from the epidermis, coupled with functional assessment of their regulatory T cell priming capabilities. The analysis revealed that steady-state LCs exist in a continuum of maturation states and upregulate antigen presentation genes along with an immunoregulatory module including the genes IDO1, LGALS1, LAMTOR1, IL4I, upon their migration. The migration-induced transition in genomic state is accompanied by the ability of LCs to more efficiently prime regulatory T cell responses in co-culture assays. Computational analyses of the scRNAseq datasets using SCENIC and Partial Information Decomposition in Context identified a set of migration-induced transcription factors including IRF4, KLF6 and RelB as key nodes within a immunoregulatory gene regulatory network. These findings support a model in which efficient priming of immunoregulatory responses by LCs is dependent on coordinated upregulation of a migration-coupled maturation program with a immunoregulation-promoting genomic module.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Davies
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Sofia Sirvent
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Andres F. Vallejo
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Kalum Clayton
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Douilhet
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick S. Keeler
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan West
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Ardern-Jones
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ben D. MacArthur
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Harinder Singh
- Center for Systems Immunology, Departments of Immunology and Computational and Systems Biology, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Marta E. Polak, ; Harinder Singh,
| | - Marta E. Polak
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Marta E. Polak, ; Harinder Singh,
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4
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Helenius M, Vaitkeviciene G, Abrahamsson J, Jonsson ÓG, Lund B, Harila-Saari A, Vettenranta K, Mikkel S, Stanulla M, Lopez-Lopez E, Waanders E, Madsen HO, Marquart HV, Modvig S, Gupta R, Schmiegelow K, Nielsen RL. Characteristics of white blood cell count in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A COST LEGEND phenotype-genotype study. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29582. [PMID: 35316565 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND White blood cell count (WBC) as a measure of extramedullary leukemic cell survival is a well-known prognostic factor in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), but its biology, including impact of host genome variants, is poorly understood. METHODS We included patients treated with the Nordic Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology (NOPHO) ALL-2008 protocol (N = 2347, 72% were genotyped by Illumina Omni2.5exome-8-Bead chip) aged 1-45 years, diagnosed with B-cell precursor (BCP-) or T-cell ALL (T-ALL) to investigate the variation in WBC. Spline functions of WBC were fitted correcting for association with age across ALL subgroups of immunophenotypes and karyotypes. The residuals between spline WBC and actual WBC were used to identify WBC-associated germline genetic variants in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) while adjusting for age and ALL subtype associations. RESULTS We observed an overall inverse correlation between age and WBC, which was stronger for the selected patient subgroups of immunophenotype and karyotypes (ρBCP-ALL = -.17, ρT-ALL = -.19; p < 3 × 10-4 ). Spline functions fitted to age, immunophenotype, and karyotype explained WBC variation better than age alone (ρ = .43, p << 2 × 10-6 ). However, when the spline-adjusted WBC residuals were used as phenotype, no GWAS significant associations were found. Based on available annotation, the top 50 genetic variants suggested effects on signal transduction, translation initiation, cell development, and proliferation. CONCLUSION These results indicate that host genome variants do not strongly influence WBC across ALL subsets, and future studies of why some patients are more prone to hyperleukocytosis should be performed within specific ALL subsets that apply more complex analyses to capture potential germline variant interactions and impact on WBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Helenius
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Goda Vaitkeviciene
- Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos Center for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology and Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jonas Abrahamsson
- Department of Paediatrics, Institution for Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Bendik Lund
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arja Harila-Saari
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kim Vettenranta
- University of Helsinki and Children´s Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sirje Mikkel
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Martin Stanulla
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Elixabet Lopez-Lopez
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,Pediatric Oncology Group, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Esmé Waanders
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans O Madsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Vibeke Marquart
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Signe Modvig
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ramneek Gupta
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kjeld Schmiegelow
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Linnemann Nielsen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, Oxford, UK
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5
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Yang W, Gao K, Qian Y, Huang Y, Xiang Q, Chen C, Chen Q, Wang Y, Fang F, He Q, Chen S, Xiong J, Chen Y, Xie N, Zheng D, Zhai R. A novel tRNA-derived fragment AS-tDR-007333 promotes the malignancy of NSCLC via the HSPB1/MED29 and ELK4/MED29 axes. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:53. [PMID: 35526007 PMCID: PMC9077895 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01270-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transfer RNA-derived fragments (tRFs) are a new class of small non-coding RNAs. Recent studies suggest that tRFs participate in some pathological processes. However, the biological functions and mechanisms of tRFs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are largely unknown.
Methods Differentially expressed tRFs were identified by tRF and tiRNA sequencing using 9 pairs of pre- and post-operation plasma from patients with NSCLC. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were used to determine the levels of tRF in tissues, plasma, and cells. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were implemented to investigate the oncogenic effects of tRF on NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), luciferase reporter, RNA pulldown, mass spectrum, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), Western blot, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays, and rescue experiments were performed to explore the regulatory mechanisms of tRF in NSCLC. Results AS-tDR-007333 was an uncharacterized tRF and significantly up-regulated in NSCLC tissues, plasma, and cells. Clinically, AS-tDR-007333 overexpression could distinguish NSCLC patients from healthy controls and associated with poorer prognosis of NSCLC patients. Functionally, overexpression of AS-tDR-007333 enhanced proliferation and migration of NSCLC cells, whereas knockdown of AS-tDR-007333 resulted in opposite effects. Mechanistically, AS-tDR-007333 promoted the malignancy of NSCLC cells by activating MED29 through two distinct mechanisms. First, AS-tDR-007333 bound to and interacted with HSPB1, which activated MED29 expression by enhancing H3K4me1 and H3K27ac in MED29 promoter. Second, AS-tDR-007333 stimulated the expression of transcription factor ELK4, which bound to MED29 promoter and increased its transcription. Therapeutically, inhibition of AS-tDR-007333 suppressed NSCLC cell growth in vivo. Conclusions Our study identifies a new oncogenic tRF and uncovers a novel mechanism that AS-tDR-007333 promotes NSCLC malignancy through the HSPB1-MED29 and ELK4-MED29 axes. AS-tDR-007333 is a potential diagnostic or prognostic marker and therapeutic target for NSCLC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13045-022-01270-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhan Yang
- School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, 1066 Xueyuan Ave., Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Disease Prevention, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kaiping Gao
- School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, 1066 Xueyuan Ave., Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Disease Prevention, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Youhui Qian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, 3002 West Shungang Road, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Yongyi Huang
- School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, 1066 Xueyuan Ave., Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Disease Prevention, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qin Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Disease Prevention, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Disease Prevention, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qianqian Chen
- School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, 1066 Xueyuan Ave., Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Disease Prevention, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yiling Wang
- School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, 1066 Xueyuan Ave., Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Disease Prevention, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fuyuan Fang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, 3002 West Shungang Road, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Qihan He
- School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, 1066 Xueyuan Ave., Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Disease Prevention, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Siqi Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, 3002 West Shungang Road, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Juan Xiong
- School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, 1066 Xueyuan Ave., Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Disease Prevention, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yangchao Chen
- Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Rm508A, Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences Bldg, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ni Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, 3002 West Shungang Road, Shenzhen, 518035, China.
| | - Duo Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Disease Prevention, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Rihong Zhai
- School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, 1066 Xueyuan Ave., Shenzhen, 518055, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Disease Prevention, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China. .,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, 1098 Xueyuan Ave., Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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6
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Tsiomita S, Liveri EM, Vardaka P, Vogiatzi A, Skiadaresis A, Saridis G, Tsigkas I, Michaelidis TM, Mavrothalassitis G, Thyphronitis G. ETS2 repressor factor (ERF) is involved in T lymphocyte maturation acting as regulator of thymocyte lineage commitment. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:641-657. [PMID: 35258130 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1a0720-439r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymocyte differentiation and lineage commitment is regulated by an extensive network of transcription factors and signaling molecules among which Erk plays a central role. However, Erk effectors as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying this network are not well understood. Erf is a ubiquitously expressed transcriptional repressor regulated by Erk-dependent phosphorylation. Here, we investigated the role of Erf in T cell maturation and lineage commitment, using a double-fluorescent Erf-floxed mouse to produce thymus-specific Erf knockouts. We observed significant accumulation of thymocytes in the CD4/CD8 DP stage, followed by a significant reduction in CD4SP cells, a trend for lower CD8SP cell frequency, and an elevated percentage of γδ expressing thymocytes in Erf-deficient mice. Also, an elevated number of CD69+ TCRβ+ cells indicates that thymocytes undergoing positive selection accumulate at this stage. The expression of transcription factors Gata3, ThPOK, and Socs1 that promote CD4+ cell commitment was significantly decreased in Erf-deficient mice. These findings suggest that Erf is involved in T cell maturation, acting as a positive regulator during CD4 and eventually CD8 lineage commitment, while negatively regulates the production of γδ T cells. In addition, Erf-deficient mice displayed decreased percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ splenocytes and elevated levels of IL-4 indicating that Erf may have an additional role in the homeostasis, differentiation, and immunologic response of helper and cytotoxic T cells in the periphery. Overall, our results show, for the first time, Erf's involvement in T cell biology suggesting that Erf acts as a potential regulator during thymocyte maturation and thymocyte lineage commitment, in γδ T cell generation, as well as in Th cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridoula Tsiomita
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Effrosyni Maria Liveri
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Panagiota Vardaka
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Angeliki Vogiatzi
- Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Argyris Skiadaresis
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - George Saridis
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioannis Tsigkas
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.,Department of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Theologos M Michaelidis
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.,Department of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Ioannina, Greece
| | - George Mavrothalassitis
- Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,IMBB, FORTH, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George Thyphronitis
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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7
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Hu L, Zhou Y, Yang J, Zhao X, Mao L, Zheng W, Zhao J, Guo M, Chen C, He Z, Xu L. MicroRNA-7 overexpression positively regulates the CD8 + SP cell development via targeting PIK3R1. Exp Cell Res 2021; 407:112824. [PMID: 34516985 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
microRNA-7 (miR-7), a distinct miRNA family member, has been reported to be involved in the biological functions of immune cells. However, the potential role of miR-7 in the CD8+ T cell development remains to be elucidated. In this study, we estimated the potential effects of miR-7 overexpression in the thymic CD8+ SP cell development using miR-7 overexpression mice. Our results showed that compared with those in control wild type (WT) mice, the volume, weight and total cell numbers of thymus in miR-7 overexpression (OE) mice increased significantly. The absolute cell number of CD8+ SP cells in miR-7 OE mice increased and its ability of activation and proliferation enhanced. Futhermore, we clarified that miR-7 overexpression had an intrinsic promote role in CD8+ SP cell development by adoptive cell transfer assay. Mechanistically, the expression level of PIK3R1, a target of miR-7, decreased significantly in CD8+ SP cells of miR-7 OE mice. Moreover, the expression level of phosphorylated (p)-AKT and p-ERK changed inversely and indicating that miR-7 overexpression impaired the balance of AKE and ERK pathways. In summary, our work reveals an essential role of miR-7 in promoting CD8+ SP cell development through the regulation of PIK3R1 and balance of AKT and ERK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Hu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou Provincial Education Department, Guizhou, 563000, China; Department of Immunology & Talent Base of Biological Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Ya Zhou
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou Provincial Education Department, Guizhou, 563000, China; Department of Medical Physics, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou Provincial Education Department, Guizhou, 563000, China; Department of Immunology & Talent Base of Biological Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou Provincial Education Department, Guizhou, 563000, China; Department of Immunology & Talent Base of Biological Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Ling Mao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou Provincial Education Department, Guizhou, 563000, China; Department of Immunology & Talent Base of Biological Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Wen Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Qiannan Medical University for Nationalities, Guizhou 558000, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou Provincial Education Department, Guizhou, 563000, China; Department of Immunology & Talent Base of Biological Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou Provincial Education Department, Guizhou, 563000, China; Department of Immunology & Talent Base of Biological Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou Provincial Education Department, Guizhou, 563000, China; Department of Immunology & Talent Base of Biological Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Zhixu He
- Department of Paediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Adult Stem Cell Transformation Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou Provincial Education Department, Guizhou, 563000, China; Department of Immunology & Talent Base of Biological Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, 563000, China.
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8
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Thiel G, Backes TM, Guethlein LA, Rössler OG. Critical Protein-Protein Interactions Determine the Biological Activity of Elk-1, a Master Regulator of Stimulus-Induced Gene Transcription. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206125. [PMID: 34684708 PMCID: PMC8541449 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Elk-1 is a transcription factor that binds together with a dimer of the serum response factor (SRF) to the serum-response element (SRE), a genetic element that connects cellular stimulation with gene transcription. Elk-1 plays an important role in the regulation of cellular proliferation and apoptosis, thymocyte development, glucose homeostasis and brain function. The biological function of Elk-1 relies essentially on the interaction with other proteins. Elk-1 binds to SRF and generates a functional ternary complex that is required to activate SRE-mediated gene transcription. Elk-1 is kept in an inactive state under basal conditions via binding of a SUMO-histone deacetylase complex. Phosphorylation by extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase, c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase or p38 upregulates the transcriptional activity of Elk-1, mediated by binding to the mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription (Mediator) and the transcriptional coactivator p300. Strong and extended phosphorylation of Elk-1 attenuates Mediator and p300 recruitment and allows the binding of the mSin3A-histone deacetylase corepressor complex. The subsequent dephosphorylation of Elk-1, catalyzed by the protein phosphatase calcineurin, facilitates the re-SUMOylation of Elk-1, transforming Elk-1 back to a transcriptionally inactive state. Thus, numerous protein–protein interactions control the activation cycle of Elk-1 and are essential for its biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Thiel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University Medical Faculty, D-66421 Homburg, Germany; (T.M.B.); (O.G.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6841-1626506; Fax: +49-6841-1626500
| | - Tobias M. Backes
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University Medical Faculty, D-66421 Homburg, Germany; (T.M.B.); (O.G.R.)
| | - Lisbeth A. Guethlein
- Department of Structural Biology and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Oliver G. Rössler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University Medical Faculty, D-66421 Homburg, Germany; (T.M.B.); (O.G.R.)
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Mao C, Dong W, Lu J, Zhang Z, Wu H, Ghavamian A, Bi D, Gao P, Liu Z, Ding S. βKlotho Inhibits Cell Proliferation by Downregulating ELK4 and Predicts Favorable Prognosis in Prostate Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:6377-6387. [PMID: 34408497 PMCID: PMC8366951 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s320490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Prostate cancer (PCa) ranks as the second common malignancy in males worldwide. Although conspicuous progressions in diagnosis and treatment have been achieved in the past decades, the prognosis expectation of PCa remains unsatisfied yet. To improve the prognosis prediction of PCa, more specific biomarkers are needed. In this retrospective research, we focused on βKlotho and ETS-like transcription factor 4 (ELK4), aiming to identify potential prognostic biomarkers for PCa. Methods Western blotting was used to determine the expression of βKlotho, ELK4, and PARP in C4-2B and PC3 PCa cell lines. CCK-8 assay and colony formation assay were applied to examine the roles of βKlotho and ELK4 in the proliferation of PCa cells. The expression of βKlotho and ELK4 in PCa tissue samples was determined by immunochemistry. Pearson's χ2 test and Fisher's exact test were performed to investigate the associations among βKlotho, ELK4 and various clinical factors. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression model were established to reveal the correlation among βKlotho, ELK4 expression and the prognosis of patients. Results βKlotho overexpression down-regulated the ELK4 expression, induced apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation in both C4-2B and PC3 cells, which were reversed by ELK4 overexpression. βKlotho expression in PCa tissue samples had negative correlation with the ELK4 expression, and higher βKlotho expression was associated with lower Gleason score, absent distant metastasis and lower prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level. On the contrast, higher ELK4 expression was correlated with distant metastasis and higher PSA level. Moreover, βKlotho and ELK4 were both recognized as independent factors for the prognosis of patients with PCa. Conclusion βKlotho inhibits proliferation of prostate cancer cells by downregulating ELK4. Both βKlotho and ELK4 expressions correlate with the prognosis of PCa, which may serve as potential biomarkers for follow-up surveillance and prognostic assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlin Mao
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Dong
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital West Branch, Jinan, Shandong, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaju Lu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Wu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Armin Ghavamian
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongbin Bi
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Gao
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Sentai Ding
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
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Alterations in thymocyte populations under conditions of endotoxin tolerance. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 134:1855-1865. [PMID: 34133355 PMCID: PMC8367067 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Endotoxin tolerance (ET) is a protective phenomenon in which pre-treatment with a tolerance dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) leads to dramatically elevated survival. Accumulating evidence has shown that peripheral T cells contribute to the induction of ET. However, what happens to T cell development in the thymus under ET conditions remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to analyze the alterations in thymocyte populations (double-positive [DP] and single-positive [SP] cells) under ET conditions. Methods: Mice were intraperitoneally injected with LPS at a concentration of 5 mg/kg to establish an LPS tolerance model and were divided into two groups: a group examined 72 h after LPS injection (72-h group) and a group examined 8 days after LPS injection (8-day group). Injection of phosphate-buffered saline was used as a control (control group). Changes in thymus weight, cell counts, and morphology were detected in the three groups. Moreover, surface molecules such as CD4, CD8, CD44, CD69, and CD62L were analyzed using flow cytometry. Furthermore, proliferation, apoptosis, cytokine production, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway signaling were analyzed in thymocyte populations. The polymorphism and length of the T-cell receptor (TCR) β chain complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) were analyzed using capillary electrophoresis DNA laser scanning analysis (ABI 3730). Results: Thymus weight and cell counts were decreased in the early stage but recovered by the late stage in a murine model of LPS-induced ET. Moreover, the proportions of DP cells (control: 72.130 ± 4.074, 72-h: 10.600 ± 3.517, 8-day: 84.770 ± 2.228), CD4+ SP cells (control: 15.770 ± 4.419, 72-h: 44.670 ± 3.089, 8-day: 6.367 ± 0.513), and CD8+ SP cells (control: 7.000 ± 1.916, 72-h: 34.030 ± 3.850, 8-day: 5.133 ± 0.647) were obviously different at different stages of ET. The polymorphism and length of TCR β chain CDR3 also changed obviously, indicating the occurrence of TCR rearrangement and thymocyte diversification. Further analysis showed that the expression of surface molecules, including CD44, CD69, and CD62L, on thymocyte populations (DP and SP cells) were changed to different degrees. Finally, the proliferation, apoptosis, cytokine production, and ERK pathway signaling of thymocyte populations were changed significantly. Conclusion: These data reveal that alterations in thymocyte populations might contribute to the establishment of ET.
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da Rocha GHO, de Paula-Silva M, Broering MF, Scharf PRDS, Matsuyama LSAS, Maria-Engler SS, Farsky SHP. Pioglitazone-Mediated Attenuation of Experimental Colitis Relies on Cleaving of Annexin A1 Released by Macrophages. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:591561. [PMID: 33519451 PMCID: PMC7845455 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.591561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) which burden health systems worldwide; available pharmacological therapies are limited and cost-intensive. Use of peroxisome proliferator activated-receptor γ (PPARγ) ligands for IBD treatment, while promising, lacks solid evidences to ensure its efficacy. Annexin A1 (AnxA1), a glucocorticoid-modulated anti-inflammatory protein, plays a key role on IBD control and is a potential biomarker of IBD progression. We here investigated whether effects of pioglitazone, a PPARγ ligand, rely on AnxA1 actions to modulate IBD inflammation. Experimental colitis was evoked by 2% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in AnxA1 knockout (AnxA1-/-) or wild type (WT) C57BL/6 mice. Clinical and histological parameters were more severe for AnxA-/- than WT mice, and 10 mg/kg pioglitazone treatment attenuated disease parameters in WT mice only. AnxA1 expression was increased in tissue sections of diseased WT mice, correlating positively with presence of CD68+ macrophages. Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and inactive 33 kDa AnxA1 levels were increased in the colon of diseased WT mice, which were reduced by pioglitazone treatment. Cytokine secretion, reactive oxygen species generation and MMP-9 expression caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment in AnxA1-expressing RAW 264.7 macrophages were reduced by pioglitazone treatment, effects not detected in AnxA1 knockdown macrophages. LPS-mediated increase of AnxA1 cleaving in RAW 264.7 macrophages was also attenuated by pioglitazone treatment. Finally, pioglitazone treatment increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation in AnxA1-expressing RAW 264.7 macrophages, but not in AnxA1-knockdown macrophages. Thus, our data highlight AnxA1 as a crucial factor for the therapeutic actions of pioglitazone on IBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina de Paula-Silva
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milena Fronza Broering
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pablo Rhasan Dos Santos Scharf
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Silvya Stuchi Maria-Engler
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Helena Poliselli Farsky
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Li P, Ge D, Li P, Hu F, Chu J, Chen X, Song W, Wang A, Tian G, Gu X. CXXC finger protein 4 inhibits the CDK18-ERK1/2 axis to suppress the immune escape of gastric cancer cells with involvement of ELK1/MIR100HG pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:10151-10165. [PMID: 32715641 PMCID: PMC7520267 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer, is the fourth most common tumour type yet, ranks second in terms of the prevalence of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. CXXC finger protein 4 (CXXC4) has been considered as a novel cancer suppressive factor, including gastric cancer. This study attempted to investigate the possible function of CXXC4 in gastric cancer and the underlying mechanism. The binding of the ETS domain‐containing protein‐1 (ELK1) to the long non‐coding RNA MIR100HG promoter region was identified. Then, their expression patterns in gastric cancer tissues and cells (SGC7901) were detected. A CCK‐8 assay was used to detect SGC7901 cell proliferation. Subsequently, SGC7901 cells were co‐cultured with CD3+ T cells, followed by measurement of CD3+ T cell proliferation, magnitude of IFN‐γ+ T cell population and IFN‐γ secretion. A nude mouse model was subsequently developed for in vivo validation of the in vitro results. Low CXXC4 expression was found in SGC7901 cells. Nuclear entry of ELK1 can be inhibited by suppression of the extent of ELK1 phosphorylation. Furthermore, ELK1 is able to bind the MIR100HG promoter. Overexpression of CXXC4 resulted in weakened binding of ELK1 to the MIR100HG promoter, leading to a reduced proliferative potential of SGC7901 cells, and an increase in IFN‐γ secretion from CD3+ T cells. Moreover, in vivo experiments revealed that CXXC4 inhibited immune escape of gastric cancer cells through the ERK1/2 axis. Inhibition of the CXXC4/ELK1/MIR100HG pathway suppressed the immune escape of gastric cancer cells, highlighting a possible therapeutic target for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, Huaian Tumor Hospital & Huaian Hospital of Huaian City, Huaian, China.,Department of General Surgery, Huaian Tumor Hospital & Huaian Hospital of Huaian City, Huaian, China.,Department of Experimental Surgery-Cancer Metastasis, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karls University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dongfang Ge
- Department of Central Laboratory, Huaian Tumor Hospital & Huaian Hospital of Huaian City, Huaian, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, Huaian Tumor Hospital & Huaian Hospital of Huaian City, Huaian, China
| | - Fangyong Hu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Huaian Tumor Hospital & Huaian Hospital of Huaian City, Huaian, China
| | - Junfeng Chu
- Department of Oncology, Jiangdu People's Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Department of Oncology, Jiangdu People's Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wenbo Song
- Department of Oncology, Jiangdu People's Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ali Wang
- Department of Oncology, Jiangdu People's Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guangyu Tian
- Department of Oncology, Jiangdu People's Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Gu
- Department of Oncology, Jiangdu People's Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Calf thymus polypeptide improved hematopoiesis via regulating colony-stimulating factors in BALB/c mice with hematopoietic dysfunction. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 156:204-216. [PMID: 32156537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Calf thymus polypeptide (CTP) is prepared from calf thymus. It has a molecular mass of <10 kilodalton (kDa) and contains 17 types of amino acids. This study investigated the hematopoietic function-improvement effect of CTP in CHRF, K562, and bone marrow mononuclear cells; mice with immunosuppression; and with hematopoietic dysfunction. In mice with immunosuppression, CTP enhanced the cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells and the proliferation of lymphocytes and regulated the levels of immunoglobulins. It also enhanced the proliferation and differentiation of CHRF and K562 cells by upregulating the expression of proliferation- and differentiation-related proteins. In mice with hematopoietic dysfunction, CTP restored white blood cell, neutrophil, and hemoglobin proportions in the peripheral blood and enhanced the levels of B lymphocytes and hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells in the bone marrow. CTP effectively regulated the levels of hematopoiesis-related cytokines, such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), interleukin 2, and interferons-γ, and enhanced the expression of hematopoiesis-related proteins in both primary bone marrow cells and mice with hematopoietic dysfunction. These results indicate that CTP has hematopoietic function-improvement effect and this effect may be related to the modulation of colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) and related signaling pathways.
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TRAF3IP3 at the trans-Golgi network regulates NKT2 maturation via the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 17:395-406. [PMID: 31076725 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0234-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymic natural killer T (NKT)2 cells are a subset of invariant NKT cells with PLZFhiGATA3hiIL-4+. The differentiation of NKT2 cells is not fully understood. In the present study, we report an important role of TRAF3-interacting protein 3 (TRAF3IP3) in the functional maturation and expansion of committed NKT2s in thymic medulla. Mice with T-cell-specific deletion of TRAF3IP3 had decreased thymic NKT2 cells, decreased IL-4-producing peripheral iNKTs, and defects in response to α-galactosylceramide. Positive selection and high PLZF expression in CD24+CD44- and CCR7+CD44- immature iNKTs were not affected. Only CD44hiNK1.1- iNKTs in Traf3ip3-/- mice showed reduced expression of Egr2, PLZF, and IL-17RB, decreased proliferation, and reduced IL-4 production upon stimulation. This Egr2 and IL-4 expression was augmented by MEK1/ERK activation in iNKTs, and TRAF3IP3 at the trans-Golgi network recruited MEK1 and facilitated ERK phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. LTβR-regulated bone marrow-derived nonlymphoid cells in the medullary thymic microenvironment were required for MEK/ERK activation and NKT2 maturation. These data demonstrate an important functional maturation process in NKT2 differentiation that is regulated by MEK/ERK signaling at the trans-Golgi network.
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