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Ma Y, Wei J, He W, Ren J. Neutrophil extracellular traps in cancer. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e647. [PMID: 39015554 PMCID: PMC11247337 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which consist of chromatin DNA studded with granule proteins, are released by neutrophils in response to both infectious and sterile inflammation. Beyond the canonical role in defense against pathogens, the extrusion of NETs also contributes to the initiation, metastasis, and therapeutic response of malignant diseases. Recently, NETs have been implicated in the development and therapeutic responses of various types of tumors. Although extensive work regarding inflammation in tumors has been reported, a comprehensive summary of how these web-like extracellular structures initiate and propagate tumor progression under the specific microenvironment is lacking. In this review, we demonstrate the initiators and related signaling pathways that trigger NETs formation in cancers. Additionally, this review will outline the current molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks of NETs during dormant cancer cells awakening, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) extravasation, and metastatic recurrence of cancer. This is followed by a perspective on the current and potential clinical potential of NETs as therapeutic targets in the treatment of both local and metastatic disease, including the improvement of the efficacy of existing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Ma
- Cancer CenterUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Institute of Radiation OncologyUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation OncologyWuhanChina
| | - Jielin Wei
- Cancer CenterUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Institute of Radiation OncologyUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation OncologyWuhanChina
| | - Wenshan He
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Jinghua Ren
- Cancer CenterUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Institute of Radiation OncologyUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation OncologyWuhanChina
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2
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Chen D, Liang H, Huang L, Zhou H, Wang Z. Liraglutide enhances the effect of checkpoint blockade in lung and liver cancers through the inhibition of neutrophil extracellular traps. FEBS Open Bio 2024; 14:1365-1377. [PMID: 36271684 PMCID: PMC11301266 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) regulates glycemic excursions by augmenting insulin production and inhibiting glucagon secretion. Liraglutide, a long-acting GLP-1 analog, can improve glycemic control for treating type 2 diabetes and prevent neutrophil extravasation in inflammation. Here, we explored the role of liraglutide in the development and therapy of murine lung and liver cancers. In this study, liraglutide substantially decreased circulating neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) markers myeloperoxidase, elastase, and dsDNA in Lewis lung cancer (LLC) and Hepa1-6 tumor-bearing mice. Furthermore, liraglutide downregulated NETs and reactive oxygen species (ROS) of neutrophils in the tumor microenvironment. Functionally, in vitro experiments showed that liraglutide reduced NET formation by inhibiting ROS. In addition, we showed that liraglutide enhanced the anti-tumoral efficiency of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibition in LLC and Hepa1-6 tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice. However, the removal of NETs significantly weakened the antitumor efficiency of liraglutide. We further demonstrated that the long-term antitumor CD8+ T cell responses induced by the combination therapy rejected rechallenges by respective tumor cell lines. Taken together, our findings suggest that liraglutide may promote the anti-tumoral efficiency of PD-1 inhibition by reducing NETs in lung and liver cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chao‐Yang HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hongxin Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Luyu Huang
- Department of Surgery, Competence Center of Thoracic SurgeryCharité Universitätsmedizin BerlinGermany
| | - Haiyu Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chao‐Yang HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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3
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Gao H, Dong G, Yao Y, Yang H. Identification and validation of aging-related genes in neuropathic pain using bioinformatics. Front Genet 2024; 15:1430275. [PMID: 39113685 PMCID: PMC11303200 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1430275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Neuropathic pain (NP) is a debilitating and refractory chronic pain with a higher prevalence especially in elderly patients. Cell senescence considered a key pathogenic factor in NP. The objective of this research is to discover genes associated with aging in peripheral blood of individuals with NP using bioinformatics techniques. Methods Two cohorts (GSE124272 and GSE150408) containing peripheral blood samples of NP were downloaded from the GEO database. By merging the two cohorts, differentially expressed aging-related genes (DE-ARGs) were obtained by intersection with aging-related genes. The potential biological mechanisms of DE-ARGs were further analyzed through GO and KEGG. Three machine learning methods, namely, LASSO, SVM-RFE, and Random Forest, were utilized to identify diagnostic biomarkers. A Nomogram model was developed to assess their diagnostic accuracy. The validation of biomarker expression and diagnostic effectiveness was conducted in three distinct pain cohorts. The CIBERSORT algorithm was employed to evaluate the immune cell composition in the peripheral blood of patients with NP and investigate its association with the expression of diagnostic biomarkers. Results This study identified a total of 24 DE-ARGs, mainly enriched in "Chemokine signaling pathway," "Inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels," "HIF-1 signaling pathway" and "FOXO signaling pathway". Three machine learning algorithms identified a total of four diagnostic biomarkers (CEBPA, CEACAM1, BTG3 and IL-1R1) with good diagnostic performance and the similar expression difference trend in different types of pain cohorts. The expression levels of CEACAM1 and IL-1R1 exhibit a positive correlation with the percentage of neutrophils. Conclusion Using machine learning techniques, our research identified four diagnostic biomarkers related to aging in peripheral blood, providing innovative approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of NP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Huayuan Yang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Liang Y, Wu G, Tan J, Xiao X, Yang L, Saw PE. Targeting NETosis: nature's alarm system in cancer progression. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2024; 7:28. [PMID: 39143953 PMCID: PMC11322967 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2024.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Neutrophils are recognized active participants in inflammatory responses and are intricately linked to cancer progression. In response to inflammatory stimuli, neutrophils become activated, releasing neutrophils extracellular traps (NETs) for the capture and eradication of pathogens, a phenomenon termed NETosis. With a deeper understanding of NETs, there is growing evidence supporting their role in cancer progression and their involvement in conferring resistance to various cancer therapies, especially concerning tumor reactions to chemotherapy, radiation therapy (RT), and immunotherapy. This review summarizes the roles of NETs in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and their mechanisms of neutrophil involvement in the host defense. Additionally, it elucidates the mechanisms through which NETs promote tumor progression and their role in cancer treatment resistance, highlighting their potential as promising therapeutic targets in cancer treatment and their clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixia Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan 528200, Guangdong, China
- Authors contributed equally
| | - Guo Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan 528200, Guangdong, China
- Authors contributed equally
| | - Jiabao Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan 528200, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyun Xiao
- Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Linbin Yang
- Breast Tumor Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Phei Er Saw
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan 528200, Guangdong, China
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5
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Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Li L. Identification of immune subtypes associated with neutrophils in tuberculosis infection based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 109:116322. [PMID: 38677053 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is a major global health concern. Neutrophils play a significant role in TB infection and patient outcomes. This study aimed to identify gene modules associated with neutrophil infiltration in TB samples using WGCNA. Gene ontology and enrichment analyses were performed, and a random forest model was constructed to identify differentially expressed genes. K-means clustering was used to classify samples into subtypes, and immune-related scores, PD-L1 expression, HLA expression, and gene enrichment analysis were evaluated. The blue module showed significant correlation with neutrophils and enrichment in immune-related processes. The model exhibited good classification performance, and subtype 1 demonstrated higher immune-related scores, PD-L1 expression, HLA class I molecule expression, and immune-related pathway enrichment. These findings enhance our understanding of TB pathogenesis and provide potential targets for diagnosis and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhou
- Respiratory Medicine, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing City, 163000, PR China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- General Practice, Da Qing Long Nan Hospital, Daqing City, 163000, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Respiratory Medicine, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing City, 163000, PR China.
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6
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Senchukova MA. Colorectal cancer and dormant metastases: Put to sleep or destroy? World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:2304-2317. [PMID: 38994146 PMCID: PMC11236221 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i6.2304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
After reading the review by An et al "Biological factors driving colorectal cancer metastasis", which covers the problem of the metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC), I had a desire to discuss with readers one of the exciting problems associated with dormant metastases. Most deaths from CRCs are caused by metastases, which can be detected both at diagnosis of the primary tumor and several years or even decades after treatment. This is because tumor cells that enter the bloodstream can be destroyed by the immune system, cause metastatic growth, or remain dormant for a long time. Dormant tumor cells may not manifest themselves throughout a person's life or, after some time and under appropriate conditions, may give rise to the growth of metastases. In this editorial, we will discuss the most important features of dormant metastases and the mechanisms of premetastatic niche formation, as well as factors that contribute to the activation of dormant metastases in CRCs. We will pay special attention to the possible mechanisms involved in the formation of circulating tumor cell complexes and the choice of therapeutic strategies that promote the dormancy or destruction of tumor cells in CRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Senchukova
- Department of Oncology, Orenburg State Medical University, Orenburg 460000, Russia
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Chen J, Xu Y, Yu F, Ma Z, Yu J, Zhang X. NETs: an extracellular DNA network structure with implication for cardiovascular disease and cancer. Hypertens Res 2024; 47:1260-1272. [PMID: 38443616 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01574-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular (CV) diseases and tumors are best known for its high morbidity and mortality worldwide. There is a growing recognition of the association between CV diseases and tumorigenesis. In addition to CV damage caused by anti-tumor drugs and tumor-induced organ dysfunction, CV events themselves and their treatment may also have a role in promoting tumorigenesis. Therefore, Therefore, the diagnosis and treatment of the two kinds of diseases have entered the era of clinical convergence. Emerging evidence indicates significant biologic overlap between cancer and CV diseases, with the recognition of shared biologic mechanisms. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) represent an immune mechanism of neutrophils promoting the development of tumors and their metastasis. It has been recently demonstrated that NETs exist in various stages of hypertension and heart failure, exacerbating disease progression. At present, most studies focus on the biological role of NETs in CV diseases and tumor respectively, and there are relatively few studies on the specific regulatory mechanisms and effects of NETs in cardiovascular diseases associated with tumors. In this narrative review, we summarize some recent basic and clinical findings on how NETs are involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases associated with tumors. We also highlight that the development of treatments targeting NETs may be one of the effective ways to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases associated with tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianshu Chen
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Yuansheng Xu
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Zhengke Ma
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
- Lanzhou University Second College of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
- Lanzhou University Second College of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
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James P, Kaushal D, Beaumont Wilson R. NETosis in Surgery: Pathophysiology, Prevention, and Treatment. Ann Surg 2024; 279:765-780. [PMID: 38214150 PMCID: PMC10997183 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000006196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide surgeons with an understanding of the latest research on NETosis, including the pathophysiology and treatment of conditions involving neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the care of surgical patients. BACKGROUND A novel function of neutrophils, the formation of NETs, was described in 2004. Neutrophils form mesh-like structures of extruded decondensed chromatin, comprising DNA and histones decorated with bactericidal proteins. These NETs exert antimicrobial action by trapping microorganisms and preventing their wider dissemination through the body. RESULTS A narrative review of the existing literature describing NETosis was conducted, including NET pathophysiology, conditions related to NET formation, and treatments relevant to surgeons. CONCLUSIONS In addition to its canonical antimicrobial function, NETosis can exacerbate inflammation, resulting in tissue damage and contributing to numerous diseases. NETs promote gallstone formation and acute pancreatitis, impair wound healing in the early postoperative period and in chronic wounds, and facilitate intravascular coagulation, cancer growth, and metastasis. Agents that target NET formation or removal have shown promising efficacy in treating these conditions, although large clinical trials are required to confirm these benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa James
- Department of General Surgery, Campbelltown Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Devesh Kaushal
- Department of General Surgery, Campbelltown Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert Beaumont Wilson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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9
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Awasthi D, Sarode A. Neutrophils at the Crossroads: Unraveling the Multifaceted Role in the Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2929. [PMID: 38474175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, research has prominently established neutrophils as key contributors to the intricate landscape of tumor immune biology. As polymorphonuclear granulocytes within the innate immune system, neutrophils play a pivotal and abundant role, constituting approximately ∼70% of all peripheral leukocytes in humans and ∼10-20% in mice. This substantial presence positions them as the frontline defense against potential threats. Equipped with a diverse array of mechanisms, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, degranulation, phagocytosis, and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), neutrophils undeniably serve as indispensable components of the innate immune system. While these innate functions enable neutrophils to interact with adaptive immune cells such as T, B, and NK cells, influencing their functions, they also engage in dynamic interactions with rapidly dividing tumor cells. Consequently, neutrophils are emerging as crucial regulators in both pro- and anti-tumor immunity. This comprehensive review delves into recent research to illuminate the multifaceted roles of neutrophils. It explores their diverse functions within the tumor microenvironment, shedding light on their heterogeneity and their impact on tumor recruitment, progression, and modulation. Additionally, the review underscores their potential anti-tumoral capabilities. Finally, it provides valuable insights into clinical therapies targeting neutrophils, presenting a promising approach to leveraging innate immunity for enhanced cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Awasthi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Aditya Sarode
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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10
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Xia J, Zhang Z, Huang Y, Wang Y, Liu G. Regulation of neutrophil extracellular traps in cancer. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:773-785. [PMID: 37815294 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) is one of the defense functions of neutrophils, which has a rapid ability to kill infections and is also crucial in a variety of immune-associated diseases including infections, tumors and autoimmune diseases. Recent studies have shown that NETs are closely related to the development of tumors. The regulatory role of NETs in tumors has been of interest to researchers. In addition to awakening latent tumor cells, NETs can also promote the proliferation and development of tumor cells and their metastasis to other sites. At the same time, NETs also have the effect of inhibiting tumors. At present, there are some new advances in the impact of NETs on tumor development, which will provide a more theoretical basis for developing NET-targeted drugs. Therefore, this review just summarized the formation process of NETs, the regulation of tumor development and the treatment methods based on NETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yijin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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11
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Hu Y, Wang H, Liu Y. NETosis: Sculpting tumor metastasis and immunotherapy. Immunol Rev 2024; 321:263-279. [PMID: 37712361 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The process of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation, called NETosis, is a peculiar death modality of neutrophils, which was first observed as an immune response against bacterial infection. However, recent work has revealed the unique biology of NETosis in facilitating tumor metastatic process. Neutrophil extracellular traps released by the tumor microenvironment (TME) shield tumor cells from cytotoxic immunity, leading to impaired tumor clearance. Besides, tumor cells tapped by NETs enable to travel through vessels and subsequently seed distant organs. Targeted ablation of NETosis has been proven to be beneficial in potentiating the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy in the metastatic settings. This review outlines the impact of NETosis at almost all stages of tumor metastasis. Furthermore, understanding the multifaceted interplay between NETosis and the TME components is crucial for supporting the rational development of highly effective combination immunotherapeutic strategies with anti-NETosis for patients with metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Hu
- Department of Digestive Diseases 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Houhong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Bozhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Bozhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
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12
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Zhou W, Cao X, Xu Q, Qu J, Sun Y. The double-edged role of neutrophil heterogeneity in inflammatory diseases and cancers. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e325. [PMID: 37492784 PMCID: PMC10363828 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are important immune cells act as the body's first line of defense against infection and respond to diverse inflammatory cues. Many studies have demonstrated that neutrophils display plasticity in inflammatory diseases and cancers. Clarifying the role of neutrophil heterogeneity in inflammatory diseases and cancers will contribute to the development of novel treatment strategies. In this review, we have presented a review on the development of the understanding on neutrophil heterogeneity from the traditional perspective and a high-resolution viewpoint. A growing body of evidence has confirmed the double-edged role of neutrophils in inflammatory diseases and tumors. This may be due to a lack of precise understanding of the role of specific neutrophil subsets in the disease. Thus, elucidating specific neutrophil subsets involved in diseases would benefit the development of precision medicine. Thusly, we have summarized the relevance and actions of neutrophil heterogeneity in inflammatory diseases and cancers comprehensively. Meanwhile, we also discussed the potential intervention strategy for neutrophils. This review is intended to deepen our understanding of neutrophil heterogeneity in inflammatory diseases and cancers, while hold promise for precise treatment of neutrophil-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Zhou
- Department of PharmacyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine)HangzhouChina
| | - Xinran Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyDepartment of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Life ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyDepartment of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Life ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jiao Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyDepartment of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Life ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyDepartment of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Life ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
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13
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Su X, Brassard A, Bartolomucci A, Dhoparee‐Doomah I, Qiu Q, Tsering T, Rohanizadeh R, Koufos O, Giannias B, Bourdeau F, Feng L, Messina‐Pacheco J, Leo S, Sangwan V, Quail D, Tankel J, Spicer J, Burnier JV, Bailey SD, Ferri L, Cools‐Lartigue J. Tumour extracellular vesicles induce neutrophil extracellular traps to promote lymph node metastasis. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12341. [PMID: 37563798 PMCID: PMC10415595 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymph nodes (LNs) are frequently the first sites of metastasis. Currently, the only prognostic LN assessment is determining metastatic status. However, there is evidence suggesting that LN metastasis is facilitated by the formation of a pre-metastatic niche induced by tumour derived extracellular vehicles (EVs). Therefore, it is important to detect and modify the LN environmental changes. Earlier work has demonstrated that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) can sequester and promote distant metastasis. Here, we first confirmed that LN NETs are associated with reduced patient survival. Next, we demonstrated that NETs deposition precedes LN metastasis and NETs inhibition diminishes LN metastases in animal models. Furthermore, we discovered that EVs are essential to the formation of LN NETs. Finally, we showed that lymphatic endothelial cells secrete CXCL8/2 in response to EVs inducing NETs formation and the promotion of LN metastasis. Our findings reveal the role of EV-induced NETs in LN metastasis and provide potential immunotherapeutic vulnerabilities that may occur early in the metastatic cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- Department of Experimental SurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Cancer Research ProgramResearch Institute of McGill University Health CenterMontrealQuebecCanada
- Department of PathologyMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Ariane Brassard
- Cancer Research ProgramResearch Institute of McGill University Health CenterMontrealQuebecCanada
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Alexandra Bartolomucci
- Cancer Research ProgramResearch Institute of McGill University Health CenterMontrealQuebecCanada
- Department of PathologyMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Iqraa Dhoparee‐Doomah
- Department of Experimental SurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Cancer Research ProgramResearch Institute of McGill University Health CenterMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Qian Qiu
- Cancer Research ProgramResearch Institute of McGill University Health CenterMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Thupten Tsering
- Cancer Research ProgramResearch Institute of McGill University Health CenterMontrealQuebecCanada
- Department of PathologyMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Ramin Rohanizadeh
- Cancer Research ProgramResearch Institute of McGill University Health CenterMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Olivia Koufos
- Cancer Research ProgramResearch Institute of McGill University Health CenterMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Betty Giannias
- Cancer Research ProgramResearch Institute of McGill University Health CenterMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - France Bourdeau
- Cancer Research ProgramResearch Institute of McGill University Health CenterMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Lixuan Feng
- Cancer Research ProgramResearch Institute of McGill University Health CenterMontrealQuebecCanada
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Julia Messina‐Pacheco
- Cancer Research ProgramResearch Institute of McGill University Health CenterMontrealQuebecCanada
- Department of PathologyMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Sabrina Leo
- Department of Experimental SurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Cancer Research ProgramResearch Institute of McGill University Health CenterMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Veena Sangwan
- Cancer Research ProgramResearch Institute of McGill University Health CenterMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Daniela Quail
- The Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer InstituteMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - James Tankel
- Division of Thoracic and Upper Gastrointestinal SurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Jonathan Spicer
- Cancer Research ProgramResearch Institute of McGill University Health CenterMontrealQuebecCanada
- Division of Thoracic and Upper Gastrointestinal SurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Julia Valdemarin Burnier
- Cancer Research ProgramResearch Institute of McGill University Health CenterMontrealQuebecCanada
- Department of PathologyMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Swneke Donovan Bailey
- Cancer Research ProgramResearch Institute of McGill University Health CenterMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Lorenzo Ferri
- Cancer Research ProgramResearch Institute of McGill University Health CenterMontrealQuebecCanada
- Division of Thoracic and Upper Gastrointestinal SurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Jonathan Cools‐Lartigue
- Cancer Research ProgramResearch Institute of McGill University Health CenterMontrealQuebecCanada
- Division of Thoracic and Upper Gastrointestinal SurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
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14
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Lattanzi G, Strati F, Díaz-Basabe A, Perillo F, Amoroso C, Protti G, Rita Giuffrè M, Iachini L, Baeri A, Baldari L, Cassinotti E, Ghidini M, Galassi B, Lopez G, Noviello D, Porretti L, Trombetta E, Messuti E, Mazzarella L, Iezzi G, Nicassio F, Granucci F, Vecchi M, Caprioli F, Facciotti F. iNKT cell-neutrophil crosstalk promotes colorectal cancer pathogenesis. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:326-340. [PMID: 37004750 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
iNKT cells account for a relevant fraction of effector T-cells in the intestine and are considered an attractive platform for cancer immunotherapy. Although iNKT cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes, their functional role in colorectal cancer (CRC) is still controversial, limiting their therapeutic use. Thus, we examined the immune cell composition and iNKT cell phenotype of CRC lesions in patients (n = 118) and different murine models. High-dimensional single-cell flow-cytometry, metagenomics, and RNA sequencing experiments revealed that iNKT cells are enriched in tumor lesions. The tumor-associated pathobiont Fusobacterium nucleatum induces IL-17 and Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) expression in iNKT cells without affecting their cytotoxic capability but promoting iNKT-mediated recruitment of neutrophils with polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells-like phenotype and functions. The lack of iNKT cells reduced the tumor burden and recruitment of immune suppressive neutrophils. iNKT cells in-vivo activation with α-galactosylceramide restored their anti-tumor function, suggesting that iNKT cells can be modulated to overcome CRC-associated immune evasion. Tumor co-infiltration by iNKT cells and neutrophils correlates with negative clinical outcomes, highlighting the importance of iNKT cells in the pathophysiology of CRC. Our results reveal a functional plasticity of iNKT cells in CRC, suggesting a pivotal role of iNKT cells in shaping the tumor microenvironment, with relevant implications for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Lattanzi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Strati
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Angélica Díaz-Basabe
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Perillo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Amoroso
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Protti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Giuffrè
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Iachini
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Baeri
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Ludovica Baldari
- General and Emergency Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Cassinotti
- General and Emergency Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Ghidini
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Galassi
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Lopez
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Noviello
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Porretti
- Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Trombetta
- Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Messuti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Mazzarella
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giandomenica Iezzi
- Department of Visceral Surgery, EOC Translational Research Laboratory, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Nicassio
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Granucci
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Vecchi
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Flavio Caprioli
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Facciotti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
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15
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Ren SN, Zhang ZY, Guo RJ, Wang DR, Chen FF, Chen XB, Fang XD. Application of nanotechnology in reversing therapeutic resistance and controlling metastasis of colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:1911-1941. [PMID: 37155531 PMCID: PMC10122790 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i13.1911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common digestive malignancy across the world. Its first-line treatments applied in the routine clinical setting include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. However, resistance to therapy has been identified as the major clinical challenge that fails the treatment method, leading to recurrence and distant metastasis. An increasing number of studies have been attempting to explore the underlying mechanisms of the resistance of CRC cells to different therapies, which can be summarized into two aspects: (1) The intrinsic characters and adapted alterations of CRC cells before and during treatment that regulate the drug metabolism, drug transport, drug target, and the activation of signaling pathways; and (2) the suppressive features of the tumor microenvironment (TME). To combat the issue of therapeutic resistance, effective strategies are warranted with a focus on the restoration of CRC cells’ sensitivity to specific treatments as well as reprogramming impressive TME into stimulatory conditions. To date, nanotechnology seems promising with scope for improvement of drug mobility, treatment efficacy, and reduction of systemic toxicity. The instinctive advantages offered by nanomaterials enable the diversity of loading cargoes to increase drug concentration and targeting specificity, as well as offer a platform for trying the combination of different treatments to eventually prevent tumor recurrence, metastasis, and reversion of therapy resistance. The present review intends to summarize the known mechanisms of CRC resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy, as well as the process of metastasis. We have also emphasized the recent application of nanomaterials in combating therapeutic resistance and preventing metastasis either by combining with other treatment approaches or alone. In summary, nanomedicine is an emerging technology with potential for CRC treatment; hence, efforts should be devoted to targeting cancer cells for the restoration of therapeutic sensitivity as well as reprogramming the TME. It is believed that the combined strategy will be beneficial to achieve synergistic outcomes contributing to control and management of CRC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Nan Ren
- Nanomedicine and Translational Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhan-Yi Zhang
- Bethune Third Clinical Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Rui-Jie Guo
- Bethune Third Clinical Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Da-Ren Wang
- Bethune Third Clinical Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Fang-Fang Chen
- Nanomedicine and Translational Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xue-Bo Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xue-Dong Fang
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
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16
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Fang Y, Hu Q. Neutrophil CC1 plays a protective role in orthotopic liver transplantation: views from the perspective of natural compounds. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:241-242. [PMID: 37120242 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60432-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Fang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Qinghua Hu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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17
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Adrover JM, McDowell SAC, He XY, Quail DF, Egeblad M. NETworking with cancer: The bidirectional interplay between cancer and neutrophil extracellular traps. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:505-526. [PMID: 36827980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are major effectors and regulators of the immune system. They play critical roles not only in the eradication of pathogens but also in cancer initiation and progression. Conversely, the presence of cancer affects neutrophil activity, maturation, and lifespan. By promoting or repressing key neutrophil functions, cancer cells co-opt neutrophil biology to their advantage. This co-opting includes hijacking one of neutrophils' most striking pathogen defense mechanisms: the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs are web-like filamentous extracellular structures of DNA, histones, and cytotoxic granule-derived proteins. Here, we discuss the bidirectional interplay by which cancer stimulates NET formation, and NETs in turn support disease progression. We review how vascular dysfunction and thrombosis caused by neutrophils and NETs underlie an elevated risk of death from cardiovascular events in cancer patients. Finally, we propose therapeutic strategies that may be effective in targeting NETs in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Adrover
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Sheri A C McDowell
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Xue-Yan He
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Daniela F Quail
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Mikala Egeblad
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA.
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18
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Hirao H, Kojima H, Dery KJ, Nakamura K, Kadono K, Zhai Y, Farmer DG, Kaldas FM, Kupiec-Weglinski JW. Neutrophil CEACAM1 determines susceptibility to NETosis by regulating the S1PR2/S1PR3 axis in liver transplantation. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e162940. [PMID: 36719377 PMCID: PMC9888387 DOI: 10.1172/jci162940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils, the largest innate immune cell population in humans, are the primary proinflammatory sentinel in the ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) mechanism in orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1, CC1, or CD66a) is essential in neutrophil activation and serves as a checkpoint regulator of innate immune-driven IRI cascade in OLT. Although CC1 alternative splicing generates two functionally distinct short and long cytoplasmic isoforms, their role in neutrophil activation remains unknown. Here, we undertook molecular and functional studies to interrogate the significance of neutrophil CC1 signaling in mouse and human OLT recipients. In the experimental arm, we employed a mouse OLT model to document that ablation of recipient-derived neutrophil CC1-long (CC1-L) isotype aggravated hepatic IRI by promoting neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Notably, by regulating the S1P-S1PR2/S1PR3 axis, neutrophil CC1-L determined susceptibility to NET formation via autophagy signaling. In the clinical arm, liver grafts from 55 transplant patients selectively enriched for neutrophil CC1-L showed relative resistance to ischemia-reperfusion (IR) stress/tissue damage, improved hepatocellular function, and clinical outcomes. In conclusion, despite neutrophils being considered a principal villain in peritransplant tissue injury, their CC1-L isoform may serve as a regulator of IR stress resistance/NETosis in human and mouse OLT recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Hirao
- Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hidenobu Kojima
- Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kenneth J. Dery
- Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kojiro Nakamura
- Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kadono
- Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yuan Zhai
- Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Douglas G. Farmer
- Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fady M. Kaldas
- Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jerzy W. Kupiec-Weglinski
- Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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19
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Zhong W, Wang Q, Shen X, Du J. The emerging role of neutrophil extracellular traps in cancer: from lab to ward. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1163802. [PMID: 37188184 PMCID: PMC10175598 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1163802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are web-like structures derived from neutrophils, which typically consist of DNA, released from the nucleus or mitochondria, and decorated with histones and granule proteins. They are well known as an important structure in innate immunity to eliminate pathogenic bacteria, similar to neutrophils. Initially, NETs are reported to take part in the progression of inflammatory diseases; now, they have also been implicated in the progression of sterile inflammation such as autoimmune disease, diabetes, and cancer. In this review, we will describe the recent studies which have investigated the role of NETs in the development of cancer, especially metastasis. We also prescribe the strategies for targeting NETs in the multiple cancer types, which suggest that NETs are a promising treatment for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zhong
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianyu Wang
- The Second School of Clinical Medical, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaofei Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Junfeng Du, ; Xiaofei Shen,
| | - Junfeng Du
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Medical Department of General Surgery, The 1st Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of General Surgery, The 7th Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Junfeng Du, ; Xiaofei Shen,
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20
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Jaboury S, Wang K, O’Sullivan KM, Ooi JD, Ho GY. NETosis as an oncologic therapeutic target: a mini review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1170603. [PMID: 37143649 PMCID: PMC10151565 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1170603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) are a key form of pro-inflammatory cell death of neutrophils characterized by the extrusion of extracellular webs of DNA containing bactericidal killing enzymes. NETosis is heavily implicated as a key driver of host damage in autoimmune diseases where injurious release of proinflammatory enzymes damage surrounding tissue and releases 70 known autoantigens. Recent evidence shows that both neutrophils and NETosis have a role to play in carcinogenesis, both indirectly through triggering DNA damage through inflammation, and directly contributing to a pro-tumorigenic tumor microenvironment. In this mini-review, we summarize the current knowledge of the various mechanisms of interaction and influence between neutrophils, with particular attention to NETosis, and cancer cells. We will also highlight the potential avenues thus far explored where we can intercept these processes, with the aim of identifying promising prospective targets in cancer treatment to be explored in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jaboury
- Department of Oncology, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Kenny Wang
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Joshua Daniel Ooi
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gwo Yaw Ho
- Department of Oncology, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Gwo Yaw Ho,
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21
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Zhang Y, Song J, Zhang Y, Li T, Peng J, Zhou H, Zong Z. Emerging Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Gastrointestinal Tumors: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010334. [PMID: 36613779 PMCID: PMC9820455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are extracellular fibrous networks consisting of depolymerized chromatin DNA skeletons with a variety of antimicrobial proteins. They are secreted by activated neutrophils and play key roles in host defense and immune responses. Gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies are globally known for their high mortality and morbidity. Increasing research suggests that NETs contribute to the progression and metastasis of digestive tract tumors, among them gastric, colon, liver, and pancreatic cancers. This article explores the formation of NETs and reviews the role that NETs play in the gastrointestinal oncologic microenvironment, tumor proliferation and metastasis, tumor-related thrombosis, and surgical stress. At the same time, we analyze the qualitative and quantitative detection methods of NETs in recent years and found that NETs are specific markers of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Then, we explore the possibility of NET inhibitors for the treatment of digestive tract tumor diseases to provide a new, efficient, and safe solution for the future therapy of gastrointestinal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 MinDe Road, Nanchang 330006, China
- HuanKui Academy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jingjing Song
- Nanchang University School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yiwei Zhang
- Queen Marry College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Ting Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jie Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 MinDe Road, Nanchang 330006, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Haonan Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 MinDe Road, Nanchang 330006, China
- Queen Marry College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zhen Zong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 MinDe Road, Nanchang 330006, China
- Correspondence:
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22
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Zippoli M, Ruocco A, Novelli R, Rocchio F, Miscione MS, Allegretti M, Cesta MC, Amendola PG. The role of extracellular vesicles and interleukin-8 in regulating and mediating neutrophil-dependent cancer drug resistance. Front Oncol 2022; 12:947183. [PMID: 36591453 PMCID: PMC9800989 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.947183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor drug resistance is a multifactorial and heterogenous condition that poses a serious burden in clinical oncology. Given the increasing incidence of resistant tumors, further understanding of the mechanisms that make tumor cells able to escape anticancer drug effects is pivotal for developing new effective treatments. Neutrophils constitute a considerable proportion of tumor infiltrated immune cells, and studies have linked elevated neutrophil counts with poor prognosis. Tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) can acquire in fact immunoregulatory capabilities, thus regulating tumor progression and resistance, or response to therapy. In this review, we will describe TANs' actions in the tumor microenvironment, with emphasis on the analysis of the role of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) as crucial modulators and mediators of TANs biology and function in tumors. We will then discuss the main mechanisms through which TANs can induce drug resistance, finally reporting emerging therapeutic approaches that target these mechanisms and can thus be potentially used to reduce or overcome neutrophil-mediated tumor drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Zippoli
- Research and Development (R&D), Dompé farmaceutici S.p.A., Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Ruocco
- Research and Development (R&D), Dompé farmaceutici S.p.A., Naples, Italy
| | - Rubina Novelli
- Research and Development (R&D), Dompé farmaceutici S.p.A., Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Rocchio
- Research and Development (R&D), Dompé farmaceutici S.p.A., Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Sara Miscione
- Research and Development (R&D), Dompé farmaceutici S.p.A., Naples, Italy,Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | | | - Pier Giorgio Amendola
- Research and Development (R&D), Dompé farmaceutici S.p.A., Naples, Italy,*Correspondence: Pier Giorgio Amendola,
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23
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Chen Y, Hu H, Tan S, Dong Q, Fan X, Wang Y, Zhang H, He J. The role of neutrophil extracellular traps in cancer progression, metastasis and therapy. Exp Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:99. [PMCID: PMC9667637 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00345-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractNeutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) released by activated neutrophils typically consist of DNA-histone complexes and granule proteins. NETs were originally identified as a host defense system against foreign pathogens and are strongly associated with autoimmune diseases. However, a novel and predominant role of NETs in cancer is emerging. Increasing evidence has confirmed that many stimuli can facilitate NET formation in an NADPH oxidase (NOX)-dependent/NOX-independent manner. In cancer, NETs have been linked to cancer progression, metastasis, and cancer-associated thrombosis. In this review, we aimed to summarize the current available knowledge regarding NET formation and focused on the role of NETs in cancer biological behaviors. The potential target for cancer therapy will be further discussed.
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24
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Activation of CEACAM1 with an agonistic monoclonal antibody results in inhibition of melanoma cells. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1676-1685. [PMID: 35681020 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00486-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitory receptors (IRs), such as the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1), are cell surface molecules expressed on both normal epithelial, endothelial, and hematopoietic cells and on neoplastic cells. IRs are usually used by cancer cells to inhibit immune cell functions. Thus, CEACAM1 positive tumor cells can interact homophilically with CEACAM1 expressed on T and NK cells to inhibit their antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). In this study, we investigated the effect of agonistic/activating anti-CEACAM1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) on melanoma cell lines in vitro and in vivo, following our hypothesis that activation of CEACAM1 on melanoma cells by distinct mAbs may induce inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and/or their death. To address this, we established an activating anti-CEACAM1 mAb (CCM5.01) and characterized its binding to the CEACAM1 receptor. Using this mAb, we assessed the expression of CEACAM1 on four different human melanoma cell lines by western blot and flow cytometry and determined its effect on cell viability in vitro by MTT assay. Furthermore, we evaluated the mAb mechanism of action and found that binding of CEACAM1 with CCM5.01 induced SHP1 phosphorylation and p53 activation resulting in melanoma cell apoptosis. For in vivo studies, a xenograft model of melanoma was performed by injection of Mel-14 cells subcutaneously (s.c.) in SCID/Beige mice followed by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of CCM5.01 or of IgG1 isotype control every other day. CCM5.01 treated mice showed a slight but not significant decrease in tumor weight in comparison to the control group. Based on the obtained data, we suggest that activating CEACAM1 on melanoma cells might be a promising novel approach to fight cancers expressing this IR.
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Tumor-Associated Neutrophils in Colorectal Cancer Development, Progression and Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194755. [PMID: 36230676 PMCID: PMC9563115 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The colorectal-cancer (CRC) incidence rate and mortality have remained high for several years. In recent years, immune-checkpoint-inhibitor (ICI) therapy has rapidly developed. However, it is only effective in a few CRC patients with microsatellite-instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch-repair-deficient (dMMR) CRC. How to improve the efficiency of ICI therapy in CRC patients with microsatellite stability (MSS) remains a huge obstacle. Tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), which are similar to macrophages, also have N1 and N2 phenotypes. They can be recruited and polarized through different cytokines or chemokines, and then play an antitumor or tumor-promoting role. In CRC, we find that the prognostic significance of TANs is still controversial. In this review, we describe the antitumor regulation of TANs, and their mechanism of promoting tumor progression by boosting the transformation of inflammation into tumors, facilitating tumor-cell proliferation, metastasis and angiogenesis. The targeting of TANs combined with ICIs may be a new treatment model for CRC. Relevant animal experiments have shown good responses, and clinical trials have also been carried out in succession. TANs, as “assistants” of ICI treatment, may become the key to the success of CRC immunotherapy, although no significant results have been obtained.
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26
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Zhao J, Jin J. Neutrophil extracellular traps: New players in cancer research. Front Immunol 2022; 13:937565. [PMID: 36059520 PMCID: PMC9437524 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.937565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NETs are chromatin-derived webs extruded from neutrophils as a result of either infection or sterile stimulation using chemicals, cytokines, or microbes. In addition to the classical role that NETs play in innate immunity against infection and injuries, NETs have been implicated extensively in cancer progression, metastatic dissemination, and therapy resistance. The purpose of this review is to describe recent investigations into NETs and the roles they play in tumor biology and to explore their potential as therapeutic targets in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Changsha Hospital Affiliated to Hunan Normal University/The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Junjie Zhao, ; Jiaqi Jin,
| | - Jiaqi Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Junjie Zhao, ; Jiaqi Jin,
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27
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Chen F, Liu Y, Shi Y, Zhang J, Liu X, Liu Z, Lv J, Leng Y. The emerging role of neutrophilic extracellular traps in intestinal disease. Gut Pathog 2022; 14:27. [PMID: 35733158 PMCID: PMC9214684 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-022-00497-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are extracellular reticular fibrillar structures composed of DNA, histones, granulins and cytoplasmic proteins that are delivered externally by neutrophils in response to stimulation with various types of microorganisms, cytokines and host molecules, etc. NET formation has been extensively demonstrated to trap, immobilize, inactivate and kill invading microorganisms and acts as a form of innate response against pathogenic invasion. However, NETs are a double-edged sword. In the event of imbalance between NET formation and clearance, excessive NETs not only directly inflict tissue lesions, but also recruit pro-inflammatory cells or proteins that promote the release of inflammatory factors and magnify the inflammatory response further, driving the progression of many human diseases. The deleterious effects of excessive release of NETs on gut diseases are particularly crucial as NETs are more likely to be disrupted by neutrophils infiltrating the intestinal epithelium during intestinal disorders, leading to intestinal injury, and in addition, NETs and their relevant molecules are capable of directly triggering the death of intestinal epithelial cells. Within this context, a large number of NETs have been reported in several intestinal diseases, including intestinal infections, inflammatory bowel disease, intestinal ischemia–reperfusion injury, sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, and colorectal cancer. Therefore, the formation of NET would have to be strictly monitored to prevent their mediated tissue damage. In this review, we summarize the latest knowledge on the formation mechanisms of NETs and their pathophysiological roles in a variety of intestinal diseases, with the aim of providing an essential directional guidance and theoretical basis for clinical interventions in the exploration of mechanisms underlying NETs and targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqiang Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajing Shi
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jipeng Lv
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufang Leng
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Li D, Shao J, Cao B, Zhao R, Li H, Gao W, Chen P, Jin L, Cao L, Ji S, Dong G. The Significance of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Colorectal Cancer and Beyond: From Bench to Bedside. Front Oncol 2022; 12:848594. [PMID: 35747797 PMCID: PMC9209713 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.848594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), products of neutrophil death when exposed to certain stimuli, were first proposed as a type of response to bacterial infection in infectious diseases. Since then, extensive studies have discovered its involvement in other non-infectious inflammatory diseases including thromboembolism, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world. NET formation is closely associated with tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis in CRC. Therefore, the application of NETs in clinical practice as diagnostic biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and prognostic predictors has a promising prospect. In addition, therapeutics targeting NETs are significantly efficient in halting tumor progression in preclinical cancer models, which further indicates its potential clinical utility in cancer treatment. This review focuses on the stimuli of NETosis, its pro-tumorigenic activity, and prospective clinical utility primarily in but not limited to CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingchang Li
- Department of General Surgery, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | | | - Bo Cao
- Department of General Surgery, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiyang Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Hanghang Li
- Department of General Surgery, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxing Gao
- Department of General Surgery, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Lujia Jin
- Department of General Surgery, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Li Cao
- Department of General Surgery, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuaifei Ji
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Shuaifei Ji, ; Guanglong Dong,
| | - Guanglong Dong
- Department of General Surgery, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Shuaifei Ji, ; Guanglong Dong,
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29
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Dong Y, Xu T, Li D, Guo H, Du X, Li G, Chen J, Wang B, Wang P, Yu G, Zhao X, Xue R. NLR family CARD domain containing 5 promotes hypoxia-induced cancer progress and carboplatin resistance by activating PI3K/AKT via carcinoembryonic antigen related cell adhesion molecule 1 in non-small cell lung cancer. Bioengineered 2022; 13:14413-14425. [PMID: 36694434 PMCID: PMC9995128 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2086375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a malignant tumor with high incidence in the world. We aimed to clarify a possible target and identify its precise molecular biological mechanism in NSCLC. NLR family CARD domain containing 5 (NLRC5) is widely expressed in tissues and exerts a vital role in anti-tumor immunity. We determined NLRC5 expression by RT-qPCR and western blot assay. The role of NLRC5 in the development of NSCLC was assessed by a loss-of-function assay. CCK-8, Annexin-V-FITC/PI Apoptosis Detection Kit, Transwell, and wound healing assays were used to determine the cell functions. Drug resistance-related proteins were analyzed by western blot assay. Furthermore, the modulation of NLRC5 on carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) expression and subsequent PI3K/AKT signaling was assessed. In this study, a hyper-expression of NLRC5 was found in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of NLRC5 suppressed cell viability, invasion, and migration, and furthermore promoted cell apoptosis in NSCLC cells. Moreover, under normoxia or hypoxia treatment, the upregulation of NLRC5 was related to carboplatin resistance. NLRC5 silencing increased carboplatin-resistant cell chemosensitivity, as evidenced by the increase in the cell inhibition rate and decrease in drug resistance-related protein expression. Mechanistically, NLRC5 knockdown inhibited the expression of CEACAM1 and subsequently blocked the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In conclusion, NLRC5 promotes the malignant biological behaviors of NSCLC cells by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway via the regulation of CEACAM1 expression under normoxia and hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Dong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Dongfan Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Xusheng Du
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Guangshun Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Jiakuan Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Air Force Military Medical University Tangdu Hospital, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Gang Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Ruiqi Xue
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, P.R. China
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30
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Mahmud Z, Rahman A, Mishu ID, Kabir Y. Mechanistic insights into the interplays between neutrophils and other immune cells in cancer development and progression. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:405-432. [PMID: 35314951 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is considered a major public health concern worldwide and is characterized by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells. The human immune system recognizes cancerous cells and induces innate immunity to destroy those cells. However, sustained tumors may protect themselves by developing immune escape mechanisms through multiple soluble and cellular mediators. Neutrophils are the most plenteous leukocytes in the human blood and are crucial for immune defense in infection and inflammation. Besides, neutrophils emancipate the antimicrobial contents, secrete different cytokines or chemokines, and interact with other immune cells to combat and successfully kill cancerous cells. Conversely, many clinical and experimental studies signpost that being a polarized and heterogeneous population with plasticity, neutrophils, particularly their subpopulations, act as a modulator of cancer development by promoting tumor metastasis, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression. Studies also suggest that tumor infiltrating macrophages, neutrophils, and other innate immune cells support tumor growth and survival. Additionally, neutrophils promote tumor cell invasion, migration and intravasation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, survival of cancer cells in the circulation, seeding, and extravasation of tumor cells, and advanced growth and development of cancer cells to form metastases. In this manuscript, we describe and review recent studies on the mechanisms for neutrophil recruitment, activation, and their interplay with different immune cells to promote their pro-tumorigenic functions. Understanding the detailed mechanisms of neutrophil-tumor cell interactions and the concomitant roles of other immune cells will substantially improve the clinical utility of neutrophils in cancer and eventually may aid in the identification of biomarkers for cancer prognosis and the development of novel therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimam Mahmud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Atiqur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | | | - Yearul Kabir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
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31
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Shahzad MH, Feng L, Su X, Brassard A, Dhoparee-Doomah I, Ferri LE, Spicer JD, Cools-Lartigue JJ. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Cancer Therapy Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1359. [PMID: 35267667 PMCID: PMC8909607 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils and their products are increasingly recognized to have a key influence on cancer progression and response to therapy. Their involvement has been shown in nearly every aspect of cancer pathophysiology with growing evidence now supporting their role in resistance to a variety of cancer therapies. Recently, the role of neutrophils in cancer progression and therapy resistance has been further complicated with the discovery of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs are web-like structures of chromatin decorated with a variety of microbicidal proteins. They are released by neutrophils in a process called NETosis. NET-dependent mechanisms of cancer pathology are beginning to be appreciated, particularly with respect to tumor response to chemo-, immuno-, and radiation therapy. Several studies support the functional role of NETs in cancer therapy resistance, involving T-cell exhaustion, drug detoxification, angiogenesis, the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and extracellular matrix remodeling mechanisms, among others. Given this, new and promising data suggests NETs provide a microenvironment conducive to limited therapeutic response across a variety of neoplasms. As such, this paper aims to give a comprehensive overview of evidence on NETs in cancer therapy resistance with a focus on clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jonathan J. Cools-Lartigue
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic and Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada; (M.H.S.); (L.F.); (X.S.); (A.B.); (I.D.-D.); (L.E.F.); (J.D.S.)
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32
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Poto R, Cristinziano L, Modestino L, de Paulis A, Marone G, Loffredo S, Galdiero MR, Varricchi G. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps, Angiogenesis and Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020431. [PMID: 35203640 PMCID: PMC8962440 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Human neutrophils, the most abundant circulating leukocytes, are fundamental components of the host response against different pathogens. Until a few years ago, neutrophils received limited attention in cancer immunology. Recently, it was discovered that both circulating, and tumor-associated, neutrophils possess functional plasticity when exposed to various inflammatory stimuli and in the tumor microenvironment. Neutrophils and their mediators can exert several pro-tumor activities in cancer and promote metastasis through different mechanisms. Angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in inflammation and tumor growth. Activated human neutrophils release several angiogenic factors [vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), angiopoietin-1 (ANGPT1), CXCL8, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9)] and form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs promote tumor growth and metastasis formation through several mechanisms: they can awake dormant cancer cells, capture circulating tumor cells, coat and shield cancer cells, thus preventing CD8+- and natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity. ANGPTs released by endothelial and periendothelial mural cells induce platelet-activating factor (PAF) synthesis and neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells. NETs can directly exert several proangiogenic activities in human endothelial cells and NETs induced by ANGPTs and PAF increase several aspects of angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. A better understanding of the pathophysiological functions of NETs in cancer and angiogenesis could be of importance in the early diagnosis, prevention and treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remo Poto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.P.); (L.C.); (L.M.); (A.d.P.); (G.M.); (S.L.); (M.R.G.)
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Leonardo Cristinziano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.P.); (L.C.); (L.M.); (A.d.P.); (G.M.); (S.L.); (M.R.G.)
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Modestino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.P.); (L.C.); (L.M.); (A.d.P.); (G.M.); (S.L.); (M.R.G.)
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Amato de Paulis
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.P.); (L.C.); (L.M.); (A.d.P.); (G.M.); (S.L.); (M.R.G.)
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.P.); (L.C.); (L.M.); (A.d.P.); (G.M.); (S.L.); (M.R.G.)
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Loffredo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.P.); (L.C.); (L.M.); (A.d.P.); (G.M.); (S.L.); (M.R.G.)
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Galdiero
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.P.); (L.C.); (L.M.); (A.d.P.); (G.M.); (S.L.); (M.R.G.)
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.P.); (L.C.); (L.M.); (A.d.P.); (G.M.); (S.L.); (M.R.G.)
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
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33
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De Meo ML, Spicer JD. The role of neutrophil extracellular traps in cancer progression and metastasis. Semin Immunol 2022; 57:101595. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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34
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CXCR2 Mediates Distinct Neutrophil Behavior in Brain Metastatic Breast Tumor. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030515. [PMID: 35158784 PMCID: PMC8833752 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain metastasis is one of the main causes of mortality among breast cancer patients, but the origins and the mechanisms that drive this process remain poorly understood. Here, we report that the upregulation of certain CXCR2-associated ligands in the brain metastatic variants of the breast cancer cells (BrM) dynamically activate the corresponding CXCR2 receptors on the neutrophils, thereby resulting in the modulation of certain key functional neutrophil responses towards the BrM. Using established neutrophil-tumor biomimetic co-culture models, we show that the upregulation of CXCR2 increases the recruitment of Tumor-Associated Neutrophils (TANs) towards the BrM, to enable location-favored formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs). Inhibition of CXCR2 using small molecule antagonist AZD5069 reversed this behavior, limiting the neutrophil responses to the BrM and retarding the reciprocal tumor development. We further demonstrate that abrogation of NETs formation using Neutrophil Elastase Inhibitor (NEI) significantly decreases the influx of neutrophils towards BrM but not to their parental tumor, suggesting that CXCR2 activation could be used by the brain metastatic tumors as a mechanism to program the tumor-infiltrating TANs into a pro-NETotic state, so as to assume a unique spatial distribution that assists in the subsequent migration and invasion of the metastatic tumor cells. This new perspective indicates that CXCR2 is a critical target for suppressing neutrophilic inflammation in brain metastasis.
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35
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Chen Y, Han L, Qiu X, Wang G, Zheng J. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Digestive Cancers: Warrior or Accomplice. Front Oncol 2021; 11:766636. [PMID: 34868992 PMCID: PMC8639597 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.766636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterized as a complex of extracellular DNA fibers and granule proteins, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are generated specifically by neutrophils which play a critical role in host defense and immune regulation. NETs have been initially found crucial for neutrophil anti-microbial function. Recent studies suggest that NETs are involved in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. However, the function of NETs in cancer remains unclear, which might be due to the variation of research models and the heterogeneity of cancers. Although most of malignant tumors have similar biological behaviors, significant differences indeed exist in various systems. Malignant tumors of the digestive system cause the most incidence and mortality of cancer worldwide. In this review, we would focus on research developments on NETs in digestive cancers to provide insights on their role in digestive cancer progression and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Chen
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lulu Han
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Qiu
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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36
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Netting Gut Disease: Neutrophil Extracellular Trap in Intestinal Pathology. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5541222. [PMID: 34712384 PMCID: PMC8548149 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5541222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Many gut disease etiologies are attributed to the presence of robust inflammatory cell recruitment. The recruitment of neutrophils plays a vital role in inflammatory infiltration. Neutrophils have various antimicrobial effector mechanisms, including phagocytosis, oxidative burst, and degranulation. It is suggested that neutrophils could release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to kill pathogens. However, recent evidence indicates that neutrophil infiltration within the gut is associated with disrupted local immunological microenvironment and impaired epithelial barrier. Growing evidence implies that NETs are involved in the progression of many diseases, including cancer, diabetes, thrombosis, and autoimmune disease. Increased NET formation was found in acute or chronic conditions, including infection, sterile inflammation, cancer, and ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). Here, we present a comprehensive review of recent advances in the understanding of NETs, focusing on their effects in gut disease. We also discuss NETs as a potential therapeutic target in gut disease.
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Hidalgo A, Libby P, Soehnlein O, Aramburu IV, Papayannopoulos V, Silvestre-Roig C. Neutrophil extracellular traps: from physiology to pathology. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:2737-2753. [PMID: 34648022 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
At the frontline of the host defense response, neutrophil antimicrobial functions have adapted to combat infections and injuries of different origins and magnitude. The release of web-like DNA structures named neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) constitutes an important mechanism by which neutrophils prevent pathogen dissemination or deal with microorganisms of a bigger size. At the same time, nuclear and granule proteins with microbicidal activity bind to these DNA structures promoting the elimination of entrapped pathogens. However, these toxic properties may produce unwanted effects in the host, when neutrophils uncontrollably release NETs upon persistent inflammation. As a consequence, NET accumulation can produce vessel occlusion, tissue damage, and prolonged inflammation associating with the progression and exacerbation of multiple pathologic conditions. This review outlines recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of NET release and functions in sterile disease. We also discuss mechanisms of physiological regulation and the importance of neutrophil heterogeneity in NET formation and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Hidalgo
- Area of Cell and Developmental Biology, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Peter Libby
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Institute for Experimental Pathology (ExPat), Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), University of Münster, Germany.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (FyFa), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iker Valle Aramburu
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Defence, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | - Carlos Silvestre-Roig
- Institute for Experimental Pathology (ExPat), Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), University of Münster, Germany
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38
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Chu ZQ, Zhang KC, Chen L. Neutrophil extracellular traps in gastrointestinal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:5474-5487. [PMID: 34588746 PMCID: PMC8433615 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i33.5474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is a high-risk malignancy and is characterized by high mortality and morbidity worldwide. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), a weblike structure consisting of chromatin DNA with interspersed cytoplasmic and granule proteins, are extruded by activated neutrophils to entrap and kill bacteria and fungi. However, accumulating evidence shows that NETs are related to the progression and metastasis of cancer. In clinical studies, NETs infiltrate primary GI cancer tissues and are even more abundant in metastatic lesions. The quantity of NETs in peripheral blood is revealed to be associated with ascending clinical tumour stages, indicating the role of NETs as a prognostic markers in GI cancer. Moreover, several inhibitors of NETs or NET-related proteins have been discovered and used to exert anti-tumour effects in vitro or in vivo, suggesting that NETs can be regarded as targets in the treatment of GI cancer. In this review, we will focus on the role of NETs in gastric cancer and colorectal cancer, generalizing their effects on tumour-related thrombosis, invasion and metastasis. Recent reports are also listed to show the latest evidences of how NETs affect GI cancer. Additionally, notwithstanding the scarcity of systematic studies elucidating the underlying mechanisms of the interaction between NETs and cancer cells, we highlight the potential importance of NETs as biomarkers and anti-tumour therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Qiang Chu
- Graduate School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ke-Cheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital First Medical Center, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital First Medical Center, Beijing 100853, China
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39
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Shao BZ, Yao Y, Li JP, Chai NL, Linghu EQ. The Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:714357. [PMID: 34476216 PMCID: PMC8406742 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.714357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are vital components of innate and adaptive immunity. It is widely acknowledged that in various pathological conditions, neutrophils are activated and release condensed DNA strands, triggering the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs have been shown to be effective in fighting against microbial infections and modulating the pathogenesis and progression of diseases, including malignant tumors. This review describes the current knowledge on the biological characteristics of NETs. Additionally, the mechanisms of NETs in cancer are discussed, including the involvement of signaling pathways and the crosstalk between other cancer-related mechanisms, including inflammasomes and autophagy. Finally, based on previous and current studies, the roles of NET formation and the potential therapeutic targets and strategies related to NETs in several well-studied types of cancers, including breast, lung, colorectal, pancreatic, blood, neurological, and cutaneous cancers, are separately reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ning-Li Chai
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - En-Qiang Linghu
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Beijing, China
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40
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Yang D, Liu J. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: A New Player in Cancer Metastasis and Therapeutic Target. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:233. [PMID: 34271947 PMCID: PMC8283906 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02013-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) are neutrophil-derived extracellular scaffolds, which typically consist of fibrous decondensed chromatins decorated with histones and granule proteins. Initially discovered as a host defence mechanism of neutrophil against pathogens, they have also been implicated in the progression of sterile inflammation-associated diseases such as autoimmune disease, diabetes, and cancer. In this review, we highlight and discuss the more recent studies on the roles of NETs in cancer development, with a special focus on cancer metastasis. Moreover, we present the strategies for targeting NETs in pre-clinical models, but also the challenging questions that need to be answered in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakai Yang
- Liver Disease and Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Liu
- Microbiology and Immunity Department, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicines, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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41
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Khan U, Chowdhury S, Billah MM, Islam KMD, Thorlacius H, Rahman M. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Colorectal Cancer Progression and Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147260. [PMID: 34298878 PMCID: PMC8307027 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils form sticky web-like structures known as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) as part of innate immune response. NETs are decondensed extracellular chromatin filaments comprising nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. NETs have been implicated in many gastrointestinal diseases including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the regulatory mechanisms of NET formation and potential pharmacological inhibitors in the context of CRC have not been thoroughly discussed. In this review, we intend to highlight roles of NETs in CRC progression and metastasis as well as the potential of targeting NETs during colon cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umama Khan
- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh; (U.K.); (M.M.B.); (K.M.D.I.)
| | - Sabrina Chowdhury
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh;
| | - Md Morsaline Billah
- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh; (U.K.); (M.M.B.); (K.M.D.I.)
| | - Kazi Mohammed Didarul Islam
- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh; (U.K.); (M.M.B.); (K.M.D.I.)
| | - Henrik Thorlacius
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Section for Surgery, Lund University, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden;
| | - Milladur Rahman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Section for Surgery, Lund University, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden;
- Correspondence:
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42
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Burn GL, Foti A, Marsman G, Patel DF, Zychlinsky A. The Neutrophil. Immunity 2021; 54:1377-1391. [PMID: 34260886 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are immune cells with unusual biological features that furnish potent antimicrobial properties. These cells phagocytose and subsequently kill prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms very efficiently. Importantly, it is not only their ability to attack microbes within a constrained intracellular compartment that endows neutrophils with antimicrobial function. They can unleash their effectors into the extracellular space, where, even post-mortem, their killing machinery can endure and remain functional. The antimicrobial activity of neutrophils must not be misconstrued as being microbe specific and should be viewed more generally as biotoxic. Outside of fighting infections, neutrophils can harness their noxious machinery in other contexts, like cancer. Inappropriate or dysregulated neutrophil activation damages the host and contributes to autoimmune and inflammatory disease. Here we review a number of topics related to neutrophil biology based on contemporary findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garth Lawrence Burn
- Department of Cellular Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alessandro Foti
- Department of Cellular Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerben Marsman
- Department of Cellular Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dhiren Ferise Patel
- Department of Cellular Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arturo Zychlinsky
- Department of Cellular Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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43
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Zhu T, Zou X, Yang C, Li L, Wang B, Li R, Li H, Xu Z, Huang D, Wu Q. Neutrophil extracellular traps promote gastric cancer metastasis by inducing epithelial‑mesenchymal transition. Int J Mol Med 2021; 48:127. [PMID: 34013374 PMCID: PMC8128417 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The risks of tumor recurrence following the successful resection of the primary tumor have been known for decades; however, the precise mechanisms underlying treatment failures remain unknown. The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) has increasingly been demonstrated to be associated with thrombi formation in cancer patients, as well as with the development and metastasis of cancer. The present study demonstrated that the level of peripheral blood NETs in patients with gastric cancer (GC) was associated with tumor progression, and patients with stage III/IV disease exhibited significant differences compared with the healthy controls and patients with stage I/II disease, which may be associated with an increased risk of metastasis. In addition, plasma from patients with stage III/IV GC was more prone to stimulate neutrophils to form NETs; thus, it was hypothesized that the formation of NETs may be affected by the tumor microenvironment. A higher deposition of NETs in GC tissues compared with normal resection margins was also identified. In vitro, following treatment with phorbol myristate acetate, which promotes the formation of NETs, or with DNAse-1/GSK-484, which inhibits the formation of NETs, it was found that the tumor migratory ability was altered; however, no significant changes were observed in cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key event associated with dissemination and metastasis in GC pathogenesis. Finally, the present study demonstrated that NETs promote a more aggressive mesenchymal phenotype and promote the progression of GC in vitro and in vivo. On the whole, to the best of our knowledge, the present study reports a previously unknown role of NETs in the regulation of GC, which is associated with EMT and migration. Therefore, targeting NETs may prove to be therapeutically beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Zou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Chunfa Yang
- Shuangyashan Shuangkuang Hospital, Shuangyashan, Heilongjiang 155100, P.R. China
| | - Liangliang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Rong Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Hongxuan Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Zhangxuan Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Di Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Qingyun Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
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44
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Surendran V, Rutledge D, Colmon R, Chandrasekaran A. A novel tumor-immune microenvironment (TIME)-on-Chip mimics three dimensional neutrophil-tumor dynamics and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)-mediated collective tumor invasion. Biofabrication 2021; 13:10.1088/1758-5090/abe1cf. [PMID: 33524968 PMCID: PMC8990531 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abe1cf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant type of leukocytes in the blood, traditionally regarded as the first immune responders to infections and inflammations. In the context of tumors, neutrophils have been shown to possess both tumor-promoting and tumor-limiting properties. A better understanding of the inter-cellular dynamics between the neutrophils and aggregated tumors could possibly shed light on the different modalities of neutrophil involvement in tumor progression. To studyin-vitrothe interactional dynamics of neutrophils and growing tumor aggregates, in this work, we engineered a novel, microfluidics-integrated, three-dimensional (3D) tumor-immune microenvironment (TIME)-on-Chip device, and we investigated the effect of neutrophils on the inception of collective 3D invasion of ovarian tumor cells. Herein, tumor spheroids generated and cultured on hydrogel based multi-microwell plates, and embedded within collagen matrix of defined thickness, were magnetically hybrid-integrated with a 3D bioprinting enabled microfluidic system fabricated on a porous membrane and carrying neutrophils. This setting recreated a typical TIMEin-vitroto model dynamic neutrophil migration and 3D tumor invasion. Using this device, we observed that neutrophils respond to the growing tumor spheroids through both chemotaxis and generation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). The formation of NETs stimulated the reciprocation of tumor cells from their aggregated state to collectively invade into the surrounding collagen matrix, in a manner more significant compared to their response to known tumor-derived stimulants such as transforming growth factor and Interleukin- 8. This effect was reversed by drug-induced inhibition of NETs formation, suggesting that induction of NETs by cancer cells could be a pro-migratory tumor behavior. Further, we additionally report a previously unidentified, location-dictated mechanism of NETosis, in which NETs formation within the stromal extracellular collagen matrix around the spheroids, and not tumor-contacted NETs, is important for the induction of collective invasion of the ovarian tumor cells, thus providing a rationale for new anti-tumor therapeutics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Surendran
- Bioinspired Microengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical, Biological and Bio Engineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro 27411, United States of America
| | - Dylan Rutledge
- Bioinspired Microengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical, Biological and Bio Engineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro 27411, United States of America
| | - Ramair Colmon
- Bioinspired Microengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical, Biological and Bio Engineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro 27411, United States of America
| | - Arvind Chandrasekaran
- Bioinspired Microengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical, Biological and Bio Engineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro 27411, United States of America
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45
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Eosinophils may serve as CEA-secreting cells for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4025. [PMID: 33597608 PMCID: PMC7889926 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83470-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a condition characterized by an exaggerated response of the immune system to the fungus Aspergillus. This study aimed to assess the relationship between carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and eosinophils in ABPA patients. We describes a case of a 50-year-old patient who was diagnosed with ABPA presenting with high level of CEA and eosinophils. Besides,we used immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence to identify eosinophils and CEA in sections which were obtained by Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial lung biopsy aspiration (EBUS-TBLB). The sections were then visualized using confocal microscopy. We also retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 37 ABPA patients between January 2013 and December 2019 in our hospital. We found the patient whose serum CEA levels were consistent with eosinophils during the follow-up (r = 0.929, P = 0.022). The positive expression of CEA and abnormal expression of eosinophils was higher in the ABPA tissue compared to the normal lung tissue. The co-localization was represented as pixels containing both red and green color in the image (with various shades of orange and yellow) which signified that eosinophils were immunohistochemically positive for CEA. Patients with higher levels of eosinophils had higher levels of CEA in the serum (P < 0.001). The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that the levels of eosinophils were positively correlated with serum CEA levels (r = 0.459 and r = 0.506, P = 0.004 and P = 0.001). Serum CEA level is elevated in ABPA patients. The elevated serum CEA level was shown to be normalized after treatment. Increased CEA levels in ABPA patients may be positively correlated with eosinophil levels, and eosinophils may be served as CEA-secreting cells in patients with ABPA.
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46
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Stock C. Circulating Tumor Cells: Does Ion Transport Contribute to Intravascular Survival, Adhesion, Extravasation, and Metastatic Organotropism? Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 182:139-175. [DOI: 10.1007/112_2021_68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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47
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Wang J, Li Q, Yin Y, Zhang Y, Cao Y, Lin X, Huang L, Hoffmann D, Lu M, Qiu Y. Excessive Neutrophils and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in COVID-19. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2063. [PMID: 33013872 PMCID: PMC7461898 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cases of excessive neutrophil counts in the blood in severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients have drawn significant attention. Neutrophil infiltration was also noted on the pathological findings from autopsies. It is urgent to clarify the pathogenesis of neutrophils leading to severe pneumonia in COVID-19. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 55 COVID-19 patients classified as mild (n = 22), moderate (n = 25), and severe (n = 8) according to the Guidelines released by the National Health Commission of China. Trends relating leukocyte counts and lungs examined by chest CT scan were quantified by Bayesian inference. Transcriptional signatures of host immune cells of four COVID19 patients were analyzed by RNA sequencing of lung specimens and BALF. Results: Neutrophilia occurred in 6 of 8 severe patients at 7-19 days after symptom onset, coinciding with lesion progression. Increasing neutrophil counts paralleled lesion CT values (slope: 0.8 and 0.3-1.2), reflecting neutrophilia-induced lung injury in severe patients. Transcriptome analysis revealed that neutrophil activation was correlated with 17 neutrophil extracellular trap (NET)-associated genes in COVID-19 patients, which was related to innate immunity and interacted with T/NK/B cells, as supported by a protein-protein interaction network analysis. Conclusion: Excessive neutrophils and associated NETs could explain the pathogenesis of lung injury in COVID-19 pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biophysics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Qian Li
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongmei Yin
- Radiology Department, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yingying Cao
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biophysics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Xiaoming Lin
- Radiology Department, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lihua Huang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Daniel Hoffmann
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biophysics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Yuanwang Qiu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Radiology Department, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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48
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Hsu BE, Shen Y, Siegel PM. Neutrophils: Orchestrators of the Malignant Phenotype. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1778. [PMID: 32849639 PMCID: PMC7433712 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the first leukocytes recruited to sites of inflammation, where they execute anti-microbial functions to eliminate infectious agents. These functions include phagocytosis, release of reactive oxygen species and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps via NETosis. Neutrophils are receiving increasing attention in the context of cancer, where these same neutrophil-associated functions are also important for modulating tumor growth and metastatic progression. Neutrophils are phenotypically heterogeneous and, depending on the context, exert anti- or pro-tumorigenic functions. Increasing evidence also suggests an important role of neutrophils and their involvement in promoting multiple steps of the metastatic cascade. The steps include: (1) local invasion and intravasation of cancer cells into circulation, (2) survival of cancer cells in the bloodstream and extravasation at a distant site, (3) early cancer cell seeding/survival, and (4) progressive growth of cancer cells to form macroscopic metastases. Although neutrophil functions designed to eliminate infectious agents can also eliminate tumor cells, their dysregulation can promote tumor growth and enable metastasis at multiple steps along the metastatic cascade. In this review, we will provide an overview of the current advances in neutrophil biology in the context of cancer. We also discuss the emerging field of immunometabolism, in which the rewiring of alternative metabolic pathways within neutrophils can impact their pro-tumorigenic/pro-metastatic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian E Hsu
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yunyun Shen
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Peter M Siegel
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Two-Faced Roles of Tumor-Associated Neutrophils in Cancer Development and Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103457. [PMID: 32422991 PMCID: PMC7278934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant circulating leukocytes in humans. Neutrophil infiltration into tumor tissues has long been observed but its roles have been ignored due to the presumed short life cycle and metabolic incompetence of neutrophils. Recent advances in neutrophil biology research have revealed that neutrophils have a longer life cycle with a potential to express various bioactive molecules. Clinical studies have simultaneously unraveled an increase in the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a ratio of absolute neutrophil to absolute lymphocyte numbers in cancer patient peripheral blood and an association of higher NLR with more advanced or aggressive disease. As a consequence, tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) have emerged as important players in tumor microenvironment. The elucidation of the roles of TANs, however, has been hampered by their multitude of plasticity in terms of phenotypes and functionality. Difficulties are further enhanced by the presence of a related cell population—polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN)-myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs)—and various dissimilar aspects of neutrophil biology between humans and mice. Here, we discuss TAN biology in various tumorigenesis processes, and particularly focus on the context-dependent functional heterogeneity of TANs.
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