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Hosseinkhani S, Amandadi M, Ghanavatian P, Zarein F, Ataei F, Nikkhah M, Vandenabeele P. Harnessing luciferase chemistry in regulated cell death modalities and autophagy: overview and perspectives. Chem Soc Rev 2024. [PMID: 39417351 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00743j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
Regulated cell death is a fate of cells in (patho)physiological conditions during which extrinsic or intrinsic signals or redox equilibrium pathways following infection, cellular stress or injury are coupled to cell death modalities like apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis or ferroptosis. An immediate survival response to cellular stress is often induction of autophagy, a process that deals with removal of aggregated proteins and damaged organelles by a lysosomal recycling process. These cellular processes and their regulation are crucial in several human diseases. Exploiting high-throughput assays which discriminate distinct cell death modalities and autophagy are critical to identify potential therapeutic agents that modulate these cellular responses. In the past few years, luciferase-based assays have been widely developed for assessing regulated cell death and autophagy pathways due to their simplicity, sensitivity, known chemistry, different spectral properties and high-throughput potential. Here, we review basic principles of bioluminescent reactions from a mechanistic perspective, along with their implication in vitro and in vivo for probing cell death and autophagy pathways. These include applying luciferase-, luciferin-, and ATP-based biosensors for investigating regulated cell death modalities. We discuss multiplex bioluminescence platforms which simultaneously distinguish between the various cell death phenomena and cellular stress recovery processes such as autophagy. We also highlight the recent technological achievements of bioluminescent tools for the prediction of drug effectiveness in pathways associated with regulated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Hosseinkhani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mojdeh Amandadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Parisa Ghanavatian
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fateme Zarein
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farangis Ataei
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Nikkhah
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- Cell Death and Inflammation Unit, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (DBMB), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
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2
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Talley S, Nguyen T, Van Ye L, Valiauga R, DeCarlo J, Mustafa J, Cook B, White FA, Campbell EM. Characterization of age-associated inflammasome activation reveals tissue specific differences in transcriptional and post-translational inflammatory responses. Immun Ageing 2024; 21:60. [PMID: 39256821 PMCID: PMC11384696 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-024-00462-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Aging is associated with systemic chronic, low-grade inflammation, termed 'inflammaging'. This pattern of inflammation is multifactorial and is driven by numerous inflammatory pathways, including the inflammasome. However, most studies to date have examined changes in the transcriptomes that are associated with aging and inflammaging, despite the fact that inflammasome activation is driven by a series of post-translational activation steps, culminating in the cleavage and activation of caspase-1. Here, we utilized transgenic mice expressing a caspase-1 biosensor to examine age-associated inflammasome activation in various organs and tissues to define these post-translational manifestations of inflammaging. Consistent with other studies, we observe increased inflammation, including inflammasome activation, in aged mice and specific tissues. However, we note that the degree of inflammasome activation is not uniformly associated with transcriptional changes commonly used as a surrogate for inflammasome activation in tissues. Furthermore, we used a skull thinning technique to monitor central nervous system inflammasome activation in vivo in aged mice and found that neuroinflammation is significantly amplified in aged mice in response to endotoxin challenge. Together, these data reveal that inflammaging is associated with both transcriptional and post-translational inflammatory pathways that are not uniform between tissues and establish new methodologies for measuring age-associated inflammasome activation in vivo and ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Talley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Tyler Nguyen
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lily Van Ye
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Rasa Valiauga
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Jake DeCarlo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Jabra Mustafa
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Benjamin Cook
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Fletcher A White
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Edward M Campbell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.
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3
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Valiauga R, Talley S, Khemmani M, Fontes Noronha M, Gogliotti R, Wolfe AJ, Campbell E. Sex-dependent effects of carbohydrate source and quantity on caspase-1 activity in the mouse central nervous system. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:151. [PMID: 38840215 PMCID: PMC11155082 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03140-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mounting evidence links glucose intolerance and diabetes as aspects of metabolic dysregulation that are associated with an increased risk of developing dementia. Inflammation and inflammasome activation have emerged as a potential link between these disparate pathologies. As diet is a key factor in both the development of metabolic disorders and inflammation, we hypothesize that long term changes in dietary factors can influence nervous system function by regulating inflammasome activity and that this phenotype would be sex-dependent, as sex hormones are known to regulate metabolism and immune processes. METHODS 5-week-old male and female transgenic mice expressing a caspase-1 bioluminescent reporter underwent cranial window surgeries and were fed control (65% complex carbohydrates, 15% fat), high glycemic index (65% carbohydrates from sucrose, 15% fat), or ketogenic (1% complex carbohydrates, 79% fat) diet from 6 to 26 weeks of age. Glucose regulation was assessed with a glucose tolerance test following a 4-h morning fast. Bioluminescence in the brain was quantified using IVIS in vivo imaging. Blood cytokine levels were measured using cytokine bead array. 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing of mouse feces was performed to assess alterations in the gut microbiome. Behavior associated with these dietary changes was also evaluated. RESULTS The ketogenic diet caused weight gain and glucose intolerance in both male and female mice. In male mice, the high glycemic diet led to increased caspase-1 biosensor activation over the course of the study, while in females the ketogenic diet drove an increase in biosensor activation compared to their respective controls. These changes correlated with an increase in inflammatory cytokines present in the serum of test mice and the emergence of anxiety-like behavior. The microbiome composition differed significantly between diets; however no significant link between diet, glucose tolerance, or caspase-1 signal was established. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that diet composition, specifically the source and quantity of carbohydrates, has sex-specific effects on inflammasome activation in the central nervous system and behavior. This phenotype manifested as increased anxiety in male mice, and future studies are needed to determine if this phenotype is linked to alterations in microbiome composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasa Valiauga
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Sarah Talley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Mark Khemmani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | | | - Rocco Gogliotti
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
- Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, 60141, USA
| | - Alan J Wolfe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Edward Campbell
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.
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Zack SR, Venkatesan M, Nikolaienko R, Cook B, Melki R, Zima AV, Campbell EM. Altered vacuole membrane protein 1 (VMP1) expression is associated with increased NLRP3 inflammasome activation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Inflamm Res 2024; 73:563-580. [PMID: 38411635 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-024-01856-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered expression of vacuole membrane protein 1 (VMP1) has recently been observed in the context of multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease (PD). However, how changes in VMP1 expression may impact pathogenesis has not been explored. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to characterize how altered VMP1 expression affects NLRP3 inflammasome activation and mitochondrial function. METHODS VMP1 expression was depleted in a monocytic cell line using CRISPR-Cas9. The effect of VMP1 on NLRP3 inflammasome activation was examined by stimulating cells with LPS and ATP or α-synuclein fibrils. Inflammasome activation was determined by caspase-1 activation using both a FLICA assay and a biosensor as well as by the release of proinflammatory molecules measured by ELISA. RNA-sequencing was utilized to define global gene expression changes resulting from VMP1 deletion. SERCA activity and mitochondrial function were investigated using various fluorescence microscopy-based approaches including a novel method that assesses the function of individual mitochondria in a cell. RESULTS Here, we report that genetic deletion of VMP1 from a monocytic cell line resulted in increased NLRP3 inflammasome activation and release of proinflammatory molecules. Examination of the VMP1-dependent changes in these cells revealed that VMP1 deficiency led to decreased SERCA activity and increased intracellular [Ca2+]. We also observed calcium overload in mitochondria in VMP1 depleted cells, which was associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and release of mitochondrial DNA into the cytoplasm and the extracellular environment. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these studies reveal VMP1 as a negative regulator of inflammatory responses, and we postulate that decreased expression of VMP1 can aggravate the inflammatory sequelae associated with neurodegenerative diseases like PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie R Zack
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Meghana Venkatesan
- Department of Integrative Cell Biology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Roman Nikolaienko
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Ben Cook
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Ronald Melki
- Institut Francois Jacob (MIRCen), CEA, CNRS, 92260, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
| | - Aleksey V Zima
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Edward M Campbell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
- Department of Integrative Cell Biology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
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Talley S, Rademacher DJ, Campbell EM. Inflammasome activation occurs in CD4 + and CD8 + T cells during graft-versus-host disease. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:632. [PMID: 37749127 PMCID: PMC10519954 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
A severe complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), a reaction that occurs following the transfer of donor immune cells (the graft) into an allogeneic host. Transplanted cells recognize host alloantigens as foreign, resulting in the activation of donor T cells and migration of these pathological cells into host tissues. In this study, we found that caspase-1 is activated in alloreactive murine and human CD4+ and CD8+ T cells early during acute GvHD (aGvHD). The presence of inflammasome-bound active caspase-1 (p33) and ASC-speck formation confirmed inflammasome activation in these cells. We further measured gasdermin D (GSDMD) cleavage and IL-18 secretion from alloreactive T cells ex vivo. Isolated T cells with high levels of active caspase-1 had a strong inflammatory transcriptional signature and a metabolic phenotype similar to inflammatory myeloid cells, including the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines and metabolic switch from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis. We also observed oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death phenotypes consistent with inflammatory cell death in alloreactive T cells. For the first time, this study characterizes caspase-1 activation in transplanted T cells during aGvHD, using mouse and human models, adding to a body of literature supporting inflammasome function in cells of the adaptive immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Talley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - David J Rademacher
- Core Imaging Facility and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University of Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Edward M Campbell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.
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Nguyen T, Nguyen N, Cochran AG, Smith JA, Al-Juboori M, Brumett A, Saxena S, Talley S, Campbell EM, Obukhov AG, White FA. Repeated closed-head mild traumatic brain injury-induced inflammation is associated with nociceptive sensitization. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:196. [PMID: 37635235 PMCID: PMC10464478 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02871-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals who have experienced mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) suffer from several comorbidities, including chronic pain. Despite extensive studies investigating the underlying mechanisms of mTBI-associated chronic pain, the role of inflammation in long-term pain after mTBIs is not fully elucidated. Given the shifting dynamics of inflammation, it is important to understand the spatial-longitudinal changes in inflammatory processes following mTBIs and their effects on TBI-related pain. METHODS We utilized a recently developed transgenic caspase-1 luciferase reporter mouse model to monitor caspase-1 activation through a thinned skull window in the in vivo setting following three closed-head mTBI events. Organotypic coronal brain slice cultures and acutely dissociated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells provided tissue-relevant context of inflammation signal. Mechanical allodynia was assessed by mechanical withdrawal threshold to von Frey and thermal hyperalgesia withdrawal latency to radiant heat. Mouse grimace scale (MGS) was used to detect spontaneous or non-evoked pain. In some experiments, mice were prophylactically treated with MCC950, a potent small molecule inhibitor of NLRP3 inflammasome assembly to inhibit injury-induced inflammatory signaling. Bioluminescence spatiotemporal dynamics were quantified in the head and hind paws, and caspase-1 activation was confirmed by immunoblot. Immunofluorescence staining was used to monitor the progression of astrogliosis and microglial activation in ex vivo brain tissue following repetitive closed-head mTBIs. RESULTS Mice with repetitive closed-head mTBIs exhibited significant increases of the bioluminescence signals within the brain and paws in vivo for at least one week after each injury. Consistently, immunoblotting and immunofluorescence experiments confirmed that mTBIs led to caspase-1 activation, astrogliosis, and microgliosis. Persistent changes in MGS and hind paw withdrawal thresholds, indicative of pain states, were observed post-injury in the same mTBI animals in vivo. We also observed enhanced inflammatory responses in ex vivo brain slice preparations and DRG for at least 3 days following mTBIs. In vivo treatment with MCC950 significantly reduced caspase-1 activation-associated bioluminescent signals in vivo and decreased stimulus-evoked and non-stimulus evoked nociception. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the inflammatory states in the brain and peripheral nervous system following repeated mTBIs are coincidental with the development of nociceptive sensitization, and that these events can be significantly reduced by inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Nguyen
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Natalie Nguyen
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ashlyn G Cochran
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jared A Smith
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mohammed Al-Juboori
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andrew Brumett
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Saahil Saxena
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sarah Talley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Edward M Campbell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Alexander G Obukhov
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Fletcher A White
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Wang X, He S, Cheng P, Pu K. A Dual-Locked Tandem Fluorescent Probe for Imaging of Pyroptosis in Cancer Chemo-Immunotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2206510. [PMID: 36317605 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Real-time imaging of programmed cancer cell death (PCD) is imperative to monitor cancer therapeutic efficacy and tailor therapeutic regimens; however, specific in vivo detection of intratumoral pyroptosis remains challenging. Herein, a dual-locked and tandem activatable probe (DTAP) is reported for near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging of intratumoral pyroptosis during cancer chemo-immunotherapy in living mice. The probe comprises a hemicyanine dye dual-locked with an enzyme-responsive moiety that can be tandemly cleaved by pyroptosis-related biomarker (Caspase-1) and cancer biomarker (GGT) to turn on its NIRF signal. As pyroptosis plays a vital role in triggering anti-tumor immune responses, the activated signal of DTAP correlates well with the population of tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic T lymphocytes and tumor growth inhibition, consequently permitting the prediction of cancer therapeutic efficacy. This study also provides a non-invasive technique to study the regulatory mechanism of pyroptosis in cancer therapy and to optimize cancer chemo-immunotherapies for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhu Wang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| | - Shasha He
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| | - Penghui Cheng
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
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Ren X, Tao M, Liu X, Zhang L, Li M, Hai Z. Caspase-1-responsive fluorescence biosensors for monitoring endogenous inflammasome activation. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 219:114812. [PMID: 36272346 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The activation of inflammasome leads to secretion of inflammatory factors and cell pyroptosis that are critical in the pathogenesis of various chronic and acute inflammatory diseases. Recruitment and activation of caspase-1 is a marker of inflammasome activation. However, there is still lack of real-time and efficient methods to detect the activation of inflammasome, especially in vivo. Herein, we developed two activatable caspase-1-responsive fluorescence biosensors, WEHD-HCy and YVAD-HCy, to specifically monitor the activation of inflammasome in vivo. Our in vitro study demonstrated that WEHD-HCy and YVAD-HCy can sensitively and specifically respond to caspase-1 activation. Moreover, these biosensors can efficiency and specifically activated in the common inflammatory disease model, including inflammatory bowel disease, Salmonella infection, and acute arthritis. In particular, WEHD-HCy is more advantageous than YVAD-HCy to specifically image of caspase-1 activity both in vitro and in vivo. These caspase-1-responsive fluorescence biosensors provide an efficient, rapid, and in situ tool for monitoring inflammasome activation, and have the potential to be suitable for clinical diagnosis of various inflammatory diseases associated with inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510145, China
| | - Menglin Tao
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510145, China
| | - Lele Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Mingsong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510145, China.
| | - Zijuan Hai
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China.
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Talley S, Bonomo R, Gavini C, Hatahet J, Gornick E, Cook T, Chun BJ, Kekenes-Huskey P, Aubert G, Campbell E, Mansuy-Aubert V. Monitoring of inflammation using novel biosensor mouse model reveals tissue- and sex-specific responses to Western diet. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:dmm049313. [PMID: 35466363 PMCID: PMC9235879 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an epidemic, and it is characterized by a state of low-grade systemic inflammation. A key component of inflammation is the activation of inflammasomes, multiprotein complexes that form in response to danger signals and that lead to activation of caspase-1. Previous studies have found that a Westernized diet induces activation of inflammasomes and production of inflammatory cytokines. Gut microbiota metabolites, including the short-chain fatty acid butyrate, have received increased attention as underlying some obesogenic features, but the mechanisms of action by which butyrate influences inflammation in obesity remain unclear. We engineered a caspase-1 reporter mouse model to measure spatiotemporal dynamics of inflammation in obese mice. Concurrent with increased capsase-1 activation in vivo, we detected stronger biosensor signal in white adipose and heart tissues of obese mice ex vivo and observed that a short-term butyrate treatment affected some, but not all, of the inflammatory responses induced by Western diet. Through characterization of inflammatory responses and computational analyses, we identified tissue- and sex-specific caspase-1 activation patterns and inflammatory phenotypes in obese mice, offering new mechanistic insights underlying the dynamics of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Talley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Raiza Bonomo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Chaitanya Gavini
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Jomana Hatahet
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Emily Gornick
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Tyler Cook
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Byeong Jae Chun
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Pete Kekenes-Huskey
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Gregory Aubert
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Edward Campbell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Virginie Mansuy-Aubert
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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10
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Rodriguez-Rios M, Megia-Fernandez A, Norman DJ, Bradley M. Peptide probes for proteases - innovations and applications for monitoring proteolytic activity. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:2081-2120. [PMID: 35188510 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00798j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Proteases are excellent biomarkers for a variety of diseases, offer multiple opportunities for diagnostic applications and are valuable targets for therapy. From a chemistry-based perspective this review discusses and critiques the most recent advances in the field of substrate-based probes for the detection and analysis of proteolytic activity both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rodriguez-Rios
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, EH9 3FJ Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Alicia Megia-Fernandez
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, EH9 3FJ Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Daniel J Norman
- Technical University of Munich, Trogerstrasse, 30, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Mark Bradley
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, EH9 3FJ Edinburgh, UK.
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11
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Talley S, Valiauga R, Anderson L, Cannon AR, Choudhry MA, Campbell EM. DSS-induced inflammation in the colon drives a proinflammatory signature in the brain that is ameliorated by prophylactic treatment with the S100A9 inhibitor paquinimod. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:263. [PMID: 34758843 PMCID: PMC8578918 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02317-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is established to drive pathological sequelae in organ systems outside the intestine, including the central nervous system (CNS). Many patients exhibit cognitive deficits, particularly during disease flare. The connection between colonic inflammation and neuroinflammation remains unclear and characterization of the neuroinflammatory phenotype in the brain during colitis is ill-defined. Methods Transgenic mice expressing a bioluminescent reporter of active caspase-1 were treated with 2% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) for 7 days to induce acute colitis, and colonic, systemic and neuroinflammation were assessed. In some experiments, mice were prophylactically treated with paquinimod (ABR-215757) to inhibit S100A9 inflammatory signaling. As a positive control for peripheral-induced neuroinflammation, mice were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Colonic, systemic and brain inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were measured by cytokine bead array (CBA) and Proteome profiler mouse cytokine array. Bioluminescence was quantified in the brain and caspase activation was confirmed by immunoblot. Immune cell infiltration into the CNS was measured by flow cytometry, while light sheet microscopy was used to monitor changes in resident microglia localization in intact brains during DSS or LPS-induced neuroinflammation. RNA sequencing was performed to identify transcriptomic changes occurring in the CNS of DSS-treated mice. Expression of inflammatory biomarkers were quantified in the brain and serum by qRT-PCR, ELISA and WB. Results DSS-treated mice exhibited clinical hallmarks of colitis, including weight loss, colonic shortening and inflammation in the colon. We also detected a significant increase in inflammatory cytokines in the serum and brain, as well as caspase and microglia activation in the brain of mice with ongoing colitis. RNA sequencing of brains isolated from DSS-treated mice revealed differential expression of genes involved in the regulation of inflammatory responses. This inflammatory phenotype was similar to the signature detected in LPS-treated mice, albeit less robust and transient, as inflammatory gene expression returned to baseline following cessation of DSS. Pharmacological inhibition of S100A9, one of the transcripts identified by RNA sequencing, attenuated colitis severity and systemic and neuroinflammation. Conclusions Our findings suggest that local inflammation in the colon drives systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation, and this can be ameliorated by inhibition of the S100 alarmin, S100A9. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02317-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Talley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Rasa Valiauga
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Lillian Anderson
- Alcohol Research Program, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Science Division, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Abigail R Cannon
- Alcohol Research Program, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Science Division, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Mashkoor A Choudhry
- Alcohol Research Program, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Science Division, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Edward M Campbell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA. .,Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.
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12
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Nandi D, Farid NSS, Karuppiah HAR, Kulkarni A. Imaging Approaches to Monitor Inflammasome Activation. J Mol Biol 2021; 434:167251. [PMID: 34537231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are a critical component of innate immune response which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various chronic and acute inflammatory disease conditions. An inflammasome complex consists of a multimeric protein assembly triggered by any form of pathogenic or sterile insult, resulting in caspase-1 activation. This active enzyme is further known to activate downstream pro-inflammatory cytokines along with a pore-forming protein, eventually leading to a lytic cell death called pyroptosis. Understanding the spatiotemporal kinetics of essential inflammasome components provides a better interpretation of the complex signaling underlying inflammation during several disease pathologies. This can be attained via in-vitro and in-vivo imaging platforms, which not only provide a basic understanding of molecular signaling but are also crucial to develop and screen targeted therapeutics. To date, numerous studies have reported platforms to image different signaling components participating in inflammasome activation. Here, we review several elements of inflammasome signaling, a common molecular mechanism combining these elements and their respective imaging tools. We anticipate that future needs will include developing new inflammasome imaging systems that can be utilized as clinical tools for diagnostics and monitoring treatment responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipika Nandi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA; Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA. https://twitter.com/dipikanandi24
| | - Noorul Shaheen Sheikh Farid
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA. https://twitter.com/Shaheen30n
| | - Hayat Anu Ranjani Karuppiah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA. https://twitter.com/AnuHayat
| | - Ashish Kulkarni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA; Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA; Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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13
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Murphy KJ, Reed DA, Trpceski M, Herrmann D, Timpson P. Quantifying and visualising the nuances of cellular dynamics in vivo using intravital imaging. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2021; 72:41-53. [PMID: 34091131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Intravital imaging is a powerful technology used to quantify and track dynamic changes in live cells and tissues within an intact environment. The ability to watch cell biology in real-time 'as it happens' has provided novel insight into tissue homeostasis, as well as disease initiation, progression and response to treatment. In this minireview, we highlight recent advances in the field of intravital microscopy, touching upon advances in awake versus anaesthesia-based approaches, as well as the integration of biosensors into intravital imaging. We also discuss current challenges that, in our opinion, need to be overcome to further advance the field of intravital imaging at the single-cell, subcellular and molecular resolution to reveal nuances of cell behaviour that can be targeted in complex disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendelle J Murphy
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Theme, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Daniel A Reed
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Theme, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Michael Trpceski
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Theme, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - David Herrmann
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Theme, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
| | - Paul Timpson
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Theme, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
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14
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Kalinina O, Talley S, Zamora-Pineda J, Paik W, Campbell EM, Knight KL. Amelioration of Graft-versus-Host Disease by Exopolysaccharide from a Commensal Bacterium. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:2101-2108. [PMID: 33846225 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) is a severe, often lethal, complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and although prophylactic regimens are given as standard pretransplantation therapy, up to 60% of these patients develop aGvHD, and require additional immunosuppressive intervention. We treated mice with a purified probiotic molecule, exopolysaccharide (EPS) from Bacillus subtilis, shortly before and after induction of aGvHD and found that, whereas only 10% of control mice survived to day 80, 70% of EPS-treated mice survived to 80 d. EPS treatment of donor-only mice resulted in ∼60% survival. Using a biosensor mouse model to assess inflammation in live mice during aGvHD, we found that EPS prevented the activation of alloreactive donor T cells. In vitro, EPS did not affect T cells directly but, instead, induced bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) that displayed characteristics of inhibitory dendritic cells (DCs). Development of these BMDCs required TLR4 signaling through both MyD88 and TRIF pathways. Using BMDCs derived from IDO knockout mice, we showed that T cell inhibition by EPS-treated BMDCs was mediated through the suppressive effects of IDO. These studies describe a bacterial molecule that modulates immune responses by inducing inhibitory DCs in a TLR4-dependent manner, and these cells have the capacity to inhibit T cell activation through IDO. We suggest that EPS or EPS-treated DCs can serve as novel agents for preventing aGvHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kalinina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL
| | - Sarah Talley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL
| | - Jesus Zamora-Pineda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL
| | - Wonbeom Paik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL
| | - Edward M Campbell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL
| | - Katherine L Knight
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL
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15
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Tweedell RE, Malireddi RKS, Kanneganti TD. A comprehensive guide to studying inflammasome activation and cell death. Nat Protoc 2020; 15:3284-3333. [PMID: 32895525 PMCID: PMC7716618 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-0374-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multimeric heterogeneous mega-Dalton protein complexes that play key roles in the host innate immune response to infection and sterile insults. Assembly of the inflammasome complex following infection or injury begins with the oligomerization of the upstream inflammasome-forming sensor and proceeds through a multistep process of well-coordinated events and downstream effector functions. Together, these steps enable elegant experimental readouts with which to reliably assess the successful activation of the inflammasome complex and cell death. Here, we describe a comprehensive protocol that details several in vitro (in bone marrow-derived macrophages) and in vivo (in mice) strategies for activating the inflammasome and explain how to subsequently assess multiple downstream effects in parallel to unequivocally establish the activation status of the inflammasome and cell death pathways. Our workflow assesses inflammasome activation via the formation of the apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) speck; cleavage of caspase-1 and gasdermin D; release of IL-1β, IL-18, caspase-1, and lactate dehydrogenase from the cell; and real-time analysis of cell death by imaging. Analyses take up to ~24 h to complete. Overall, our multifaceted approach provides a comprehensive and consistent protocol for assessing inflammasome activation and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Tweedell
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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