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Li Z, Zhang X, Fu Z, He W, Gao Y, Ma Y. Retinoic acid-inducible gene-1 knockdown induces immature properties in dendritic cells and prolongs the survival time of allograft mice. Gene 2024; 897:148049. [PMID: 38043832 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.148049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mature state of dendritic cells (DCs) determines their ability to regulate immune responses. Retinoic acid-inducible gene-1 (RIG-1) plays a critical role in DC activation and maturation. RIG-1 activation triggers mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-kappa B signal transduction. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of inhibiting RIG-1 expression in DCs and its potential in inducing immune tolerance. METHODS DCs were transduced with the recombinant lentiviral vector (Lv) to inhibit RIG-1 expression. A murine islet and skin transplantation model were constructed to find out whether DC-DDX58-RNAi could prolong allograft survival. The phenotypes of DCs and T-cells were analyzed using flow cytometry. Cytokines in serum were detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Protein levels were determined by Western blot. RESULTS RIG-1-deficient DCs had low expression of costimulatory molecules and major histocompatibility complex and a strong phagocytic ability. DC-DDX58-RNAi induced regulatory T cell differentiation in the transplant recipient spleens. The DC-DDX58-RNAi-treated recipients showed satisfactory islet allograft function and longer survival time. CONCLUSION Inhibition of RIG-1 with DDX58-RNAi prevented the activation and maturation of the DCs, affected T cell differentiation, protected the biological function of the allograft, and prolonged graft survival. These findings may have important therapeutic implications for new immunomodulatory regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqiu Li
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuzhi Zhang
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongli Fu
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing He
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifang Gao
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi Ma
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Wang X, Zhao B, Ren D, Hu X, Qiao J, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Pan Y, Fan Y, Liu L, Wang X, Ma H, Jia X, Song S, Zhao C, Liu J, Wang L. Pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y6 expression is elevated in lung adenocarcinoma and is associated with poor prognosis. Cancer Biomark 2023; 38:191-201. [PMID: 37545227 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-230137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUD Previous in vitro studies have indicated that pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y6 (P2RY6, P2Y6 receptor) may function as a cancer-promoting factor in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, the prognostic significance of P2RY6 expression in LUAD has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the impact of P2RY6 expression on the survival of patients with LUAD. METHODS First, we assessed P2RY6 mRNA and protein expression in LUAD and non-cancerous lung tissues using the online bioinformatics analysis tool GEPIA, fresh LUAD tissues, and LUAD tissue microarrays (TMAs). Second, we investigated the correlation between P2RY6 expression and clinicopathological parameters of LUAD patients based on data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and TMAs. Finally, we analyzed the prognostic significance of P2RY6 expression in LUAD using the online survival analysis tool Kaplan-Meier Plotter and data from TMAs. RESULTS We demonstrated that P2RY6 mRNA and protein expression levels in LUAD tissues were significantly higher than those in non-cancerous lung tissues. The expression of P2RY6 in LUAD was positively correlated with poor differentiation, more lymph node metastasis, and more advanced clinical stage. Higher P2RY6 expression level was correlated with shorter survival of the LUAD patients. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses indicated that higher P2RY6 tumor expression was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor for LUAD patients. CONCLUSIONS P2RY6 expression was elevated in LUAD and correlated with poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Baoshan Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dan Ren
- Department of Pathology, Daqing Longnan Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaolei Hu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Juanjuan Qiao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yanzhi Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yu Pan
- Department of Anatomy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuhua Fan
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lili Liu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaoxue Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Huanhuan Ma
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xueling Jia
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Sihang Song
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chong Zhao
- Library of Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jingbo Liu
- Department of Pathology, Daqing Longnan Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
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Harris KM, Clements MA, Kwilasz AJ, Watkins LR. T cell transgressions: Tales of T cell form and function in diverse disease states. Int Rev Immunol 2022; 41:475-516. [PMID: 34152881 PMCID: PMC8752099 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1921764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Insights into T cell form, function, and dysfunction are rapidly evolving. T cells have remarkably varied effector functions including protecting the host from infection, activating cells of the innate immune system, releasing cytokines and chemokines, and heavily contributing to immunological memory. Under healthy conditions, T cells orchestrate a finely tuned attack on invading pathogens while minimizing damage to the host. The dark side of T cells is that they also exhibit autoreactivity and inflict harm to host cells, creating autoimmunity. The mechanisms of T cell autoreactivity are complex and dynamic. Emerging research is elucidating the mechanisms leading T cells to become autoreactive and how such responses cause or contribute to diverse disease states, both peripherally and within the central nervous system. This review provides foundational information on T cell development, differentiation, and functions. Key T cell subtypes, cytokines that create their effector roles, and sex differences are highlighted. Pathological T cell contributions to diverse peripheral and central disease states, arising from errors in reactivity, are highlighted, with a focus on multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, neuropathic pain, and type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Linda R. Watkins
- Corresponding author: Ph: 720-387-0304, Fax: 303-735-8290, , Address: 2860 Wilderness Place, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80301
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Puigdellívol M, Milde S, Vilalta A, Cockram TOJ, Allendorf DH, Lee JY, Dundee JM, Pampuščenko K, Borutaite V, Nuthall HN, Brelstaff JH, Spillantini MG, Brown GC. The microglial P2Y 6 receptor mediates neuronal loss and memory deficits in neurodegeneration. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110148. [PMID: 34965424 PMCID: PMC8733854 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are implicated in neurodegeneration, potentially by phagocytosing neurons, but it is unclear how to block the detrimental effects of microglia while preserving their beneficial roles. The microglial P2Y6 receptor (P2Y6R) - activated by extracellular UDP released by stressed neurons - is required for microglial phagocytosis of neurons. We show here that injection of amyloid beta (Aβ) into mouse brain induces microglial phagocytosis of neurons, followed by neuronal and memory loss, and this is all prevented by knockout of P2Y6R. In a chronic tau model of neurodegeneration (P301S TAU mice), P2Y6R knockout prevented TAU-induced neuronal and memory loss. In vitro, P2Y6R knockout blocked microglial phagocytosis of live but not dead targets and reduced tau-, Aβ-, and UDP-induced neuronal loss in glial-neuronal cultures. Thus, the P2Y6 receptor appears to mediate Aβ- and tau-induced neuronal and memory loss via microglial phagocytosis of neurons, suggesting that blocking this receptor may be beneficial in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Puigdellívol
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK; Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stefan Milde
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Anna Vilalta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Tom O J Cockram
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - David H Allendorf
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Jeffrey Y Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Jacob M Dundee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Katryna Pampuščenko
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vilmante Borutaite
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Hugh N Nuthall
- Neuroscience, Eli Lilly Research & Development, Windlesham, Surrey GU20 6PH, UK
| | - Jack H Brelstaff
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Guy C Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK.
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5
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Hasan D, Shono A, van Kalken CK, van der Spek PJ, Krenning EP, Kotani T. A novel definition and treatment of hyperinflammation in COVID-19 based on purinergic signalling. Purinergic Signal 2021; 18:13-59. [PMID: 34757513 PMCID: PMC8578920 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09814-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperinflammation plays an important role in severe and critical COVID-19. Using inconsistent criteria, many researchers define hyperinflammation as a form of very severe inflammation with cytokine storm. Therefore, COVID-19 patients are treated with anti-inflammatory drugs. These drugs appear to be less efficacious than expected and are sometimes accompanied by serious adverse effects. SARS-CoV-2 promotes cellular ATP release. Increased levels of extracellular ATP activate the purinergic receptors of the immune cells initiating the physiologic pro-inflammatory immune response. Persisting viral infection drives the ATP release even further leading to the activation of the P2X7 purinergic receptors (P2X7Rs) and a severe yet physiologic inflammation. Disease progression promotes prolonged vigorous activation of the P2X7R causing cell death and uncontrolled ATP release leading to cytokine storm and desensitisation of all other purinergic receptors of the immune cells. This results in immune paralysis with co-infections or secondary infections. We refer to this pathologic condition as hyperinflammation. The readily available and affordable P2X7R antagonist lidocaine can abrogate hyperinflammation and restore the normal immune function. The issue is that the half-maximal effective concentration for P2X7R inhibition of lidocaine is much higher than the maximal tolerable plasma concentration where adverse effects start to develop. To overcome this, we selectively inhibit the P2X7Rs of the immune cells of the lymphatic system inducing clonal expansion of Tregs in local lymph nodes. Subsequently, these Tregs migrate throughout the body exerting anti-inflammatory activities suppressing systemic and (distant) local hyperinflammation. We illustrate this with six critically ill COVID-19 patients treated with lidocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atsuko Shono
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, 142-8666, Japan
| | | | - Peter J van der Spek
- Department of Pathology & Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC, Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Toru Kotani
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, 142-8666, Japan
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6
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Li Z, Gao Y, He C, Wei H, Zhang J, Zhang H, Hu L, Jiang W. Purinergic Receptor P2Y 6 Is a Negative Regulator of NK Cell Maturation and Function. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:1555-1565. [PMID: 34426542 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
NK cells are critical innate immune cells that target the tumor cells and cancer-initiating cells and clear viruses by producing cytokines and cytotoxic granules. However, the role of the purinergic receptor P2Y6 in the NK cells remains largely unknown. In this study, we discovered that the expression of P2Y6 was decreased upon the activation of the NK cells. Moreover, in the P2Y6-deficient mice, we found that the deficiency of P2Y6 promoted the development of the NK precursor cells into immature NK and mature NK cells. We also found that the P2Y6 deficiency increased, but the P2Y6 receptor agonist UDP or UDP analog 5-OMe-UDP decreased the production of IFN-γ in the activated NK cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the P2Y6-deficient NK cells exhibited stronger cytotoxicity in vitro and antimetastatic effects in vivo. Mechanistically, P2Y6 deletion promoted the expression of T-bet (encoded by Tbx21), with or without the stimulation of IL-15. In the absence of P2Y6, the levels of phospho-serine/threonine kinase and pS6 in the NK cells were significantly increased upon the stimulation of IL-15. Collectively, we demonstrated that the P2Y6 receptor acted as a negative regulator of the NK cell function and inhibited the maturation and antitumor activities of the NK cells. Therefore, inhibition of the P2Y6 receptor increases the antitumor activities of the NK cells, which may aid in the design of innovative strategies to improve NK cell-based cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaoxin Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lulu Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenzheng Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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7
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Molecular pharmacology of P2Y receptor subtypes. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 187:114361. [PMID: 33309519 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Professor Geoffrey Burnstock proposed the concept of purinergic signaling via P1 and P2 receptors. P2Y receptors are G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) for extracellular adenine and uracil nucleotides. Eight mammalian P2Y receptor subtypes have been identified. They are divided into two subgroups (P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, P2Y6, and P2Y11) and (P2Y12, P2Y13, and P2Y14). P2Y receptors are found in almost all cells and mediate responses in physiology and pathophysiology including pain and inflammation. The antagonism of platelet P2Y12 receptors by cangrelor, ticagrelor or active metabolites of the thienopyridine compounds ticlopidine, clopidogrel and prasugrel reduces the ADP-induced platelet aggregation in patients with thrombotic complications of vascular diseases. The nucleotide agonist diquafosol acting at P2Y2 receptors is used for the treatment of the dry eye syndrome. Structural information obtained by crystallography of the human P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptor proteins, site-directed mutagenesis and molecular modeling will facilitate the rational design of novel selective drugs.
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