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Damelang T, Brinkhaus M, van Osch TLJ, Schuurman J, Labrijn AF, Rispens T, Vidarsson G. Impact of structural modifications of IgG antibodies on effector functions. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1304365. [PMID: 38259472 PMCID: PMC10800522 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1304365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies are a critical component of the adaptive immune system, binding to and neutralizing pathogens and other foreign substances. Recent advances in molecular antibody biology and structural protein engineering enabled the modification of IgG antibodies to enhance their therapeutic potential. This review summarizes recent progress in both natural and engineered structural modifications of IgG antibodies, including allotypic variation, glycosylation, Fc engineering, and Fc gamma receptor binding optimization. We discuss the functional consequences of these modifications to highlight their potential for therapeutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timon Damelang
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Antibody Research & Technologies’, Genmab, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Maximilian Brinkhaus
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Thijs L. J. van Osch
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Janine Schuurman
- Department of Antibody Research & Technologies’, Genmab, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Aran F. Labrijn
- Department of Antibody Research & Technologies’, Genmab, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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2
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Lopatko Lindman K, Jonsson C, Weidung B, Olsson J, Pandey JP, Prokopenko D, Tanzi RE, Hallmans G, Eriksson S, Elgh F, Lövheim H. PILRA polymorphism modifies the effect of APOE4 and GM17 on Alzheimer's disease risk. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13264. [PMID: 35918447 PMCID: PMC9346002 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17058-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PILRA (rs1859788 A > G) has been suggested to be a protective variant for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is an entry co-receptor for herpes simplex virus-1. We conducted a nested case-control study of 360 1:1-matched AD subjects. Interactions between the PILRA-A allele, APOE risk variants (ε3/ε4 or ε4/ε4) and GM17 for AD risk were modelled. The associations were cross-validated using two independent whole-genome sequencing datasets. We found negative interactions between PILRA-A and GM17 (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.52-1.00) and between PILRA-A and APOE risk variants (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.32-0.98) in the discovery dataset. In the replication cohort, a joint effect of PILRA and PILRA × GM 17/17 was observed for the risk of developing AD (p .02). Here, we report a negative effect modification by PILRA on APOE and GM17 high-risk variants for future AD risk in two independent datasets. This highlights the complex genetics of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Lopatko Lindman
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University, 901 85, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Caroline Jonsson
- grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bodil Weidung
- grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden ,grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatric Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Olsson
- grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Janardan P. Pandey
- grid.259828.c0000 0001 2189 3475Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
| | - Dmitry Prokopenko
- grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Genetics and Aging Unit, Department of Neurology, McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Rudolph E. Tanzi
- grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Genetics and Aging Unit, Department of Neurology, McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Göran Hallmans
- grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sture Eriksson
- grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden ,grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Elgh
- grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hugo Lövheim
- grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden ,grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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3
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Pandey JP, Agostini S, Namboodiri AM, Mancuso R, Guerini FR, Meloni M, Costa AS. Immunoglobulin γ chain allotypes and humoral immunity to HSV1 in Parkinson's disease. J Neuroimmunol 2022; 371:577948. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2022.577948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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4
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Weidung B, Hemmingsson ES, Olsson J, Sundström T, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Ingelsson M, Elgh F, Lövheim H. VALZ-Pilot: High-dose valacyclovir treatment in patients with early-stage Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2022; 8:e12264. [PMID: 35310522 PMCID: PMC8919248 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Herpes simplex virus (HSV) may be involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. The antiviral valacyclovir inhibits HSV replication. Methods This phase-II pilot trial involved valacyclovir administration (thrice daily, 500 mg week 1, 1000 mg weeks 2-4) to persons aged ≥ 65 years with early-stage AD, anti-HSV immunoglobulin G, and apolipoprotein E ε4. Intervention safety, tolerability, feasibility, and effects on Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers were evaluated. Results Thirty-two of 33 subjects completed the trial on full dosage. Eighteen percent experienced likely intervention-related mild, temporary adverse events. CSF acyclovir concentrations were mean 5.29 ± 2.31 μmol/L. CSF total tau and neurofilament light concentrations were unchanged; MMSE score and CSF soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 concentrations increased (P = .02 and .03). Discussion Four weeks of high-dose valacyclovir treatment was safe, tolerable, and feasible in early-stage AD. Our findings may guide future trial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodil Weidung
- Section of Geriatrics Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Eva-Stina Hemmingsson
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation Geriatric Medicine Umeå University Umeå Sweden
| | - Jan Olsson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Umeå University Umeå Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Sundström
- Diagnostic Radiology Department of Radiation Sciences Umeå University Umeå Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg Mölndal Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory Sahlgrenska University Hospital Mölndal Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg Mölndal Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory Sahlgrenska University Hospital Mölndal Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease UCL Institute of Neurology London UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL London UK
| | - Martin Ingelsson
- Section of Geriatrics Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden.,Krembil Brain Institute University Health Network Toronto Canada.,Department of Medicine and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases University of Toronto Toronto Canada
| | - Fredrik Elgh
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Umeå University Umeå Sweden
| | - Hugo Lövheim
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation Geriatric Medicine Umeå University Umeå Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicin Umeå Sweden
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5
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van Tilburg SJ, Jacobs BC, Ooijevaar-de Heer P, Fokkink WJR, Huizinga R, Vidarsson G, Rispens T. Novel approach to monitor intravenous immunoglobulin pharmacokinetics in humans using polymorphic determinants in IgG1 constant domains. Eur J Immunol 2021; 52:609-617. [PMID: 34854474 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Clinical efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin treatment (IVIg) is related to its pharmacokinetic (PK) profile. Its usual evaluation, by measuring serum total IgG levels, is imprecise, because IVIg cannot be distinguished from endogenous IgG. We developed ELISAs to specifically monitor the PK of IVIg using the polymorphic determinants G1m(a), G1m(x), and G1m(f). The specificity of the IgG1 allotype assays was sufficient to determine IVIg concentrations as low as 0.1 mg/mL in sera from individuals not expressing the respective markers. IVIg was quantified in posttreatment serum from patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) by measuring IgG1 allotypes not expressed endogenously. After serotyping, 27/28 GBS patients were found eligible for IVIg monitoring using one or two genetic markers. In 17 cases, IVIg levels could be determined by both anti-G1m(a) and anti-G1m(x) measurement, showing significant correlation. Longitudinal monitoring of IVIg PK in seven GBS patients showed potential differences in clearance of total IgG versus IVIg-derived IgG, highlighting that total IgG measurements may not accurately reflect IVIg PK. To summarize, anti-IgG1 allotype assays can discriminate between endogenous IgG and therapeutic polyclonal IgG. These assays will be an important tool to better understand the variability in IVIg PK and treatment response of all patients treated with IVIg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander J van Tilburg
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart C Jacobs
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pleuni Ooijevaar-de Heer
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem-Jan R Fokkink
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruth Huizinga
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Bashirova AA, Zheng W, Akdag M, Augusto DG, Vince N, Dong KL, O'hUigin C, Carrington M. Population-specific diversity of the immunoglobulin constant heavy G chain (IGHG) genes. Genes Immun 2021; 22:327-334. [PMID: 34864821 PMCID: PMC8674132 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-021-00156-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Human immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecules, IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3, exhibit substantial inter-individual variation in their constant heavy chain regions, as discovered by serological methods. This polymorphism is encoded by the IGHG1, IGHG2, and IGHG3 genes and may influence antibody function. We sequenced the coding fragments of these genes in 95 European Americans, 94 African Americans, and 94 Black South Africans. Striking differences were observed between the population groups, including extremely low amino acid sequence variation in IGHG1 among South Africans, and higher IGHG2 and IGHG3 diversity in individuals of African descent compared to individuals of European descent. Molecular definition of the loci illustrates a greater level of allelic polymorphism than previously described, including the presence of common IGHG2 and IGHG3 variants that were indistinguishable serologically. Comparison of our data with the 1000 Genome Project sequences indicates overall agreement between the datasets, although some inaccuracies in the 1000 Genomes Project are likely. These data represent the most comprehensive analysis of IGHG polymorphisms across major populations, which can now be applied to deciphering their functional impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman A Bashirova
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wanjing Zheng
- The Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marjan Akdag
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Danillo G Augusto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicolas Vince
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Krista L Dong
- Females Rising through Education, Support, and Health, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Colm O'hUigin
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary Carrington
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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7
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Polansky H, Goral B. How an increase in the copy number of HSV-1 during latency can cause Alzheimer's disease: the viral and cellular dynamics according to the microcompetition model. J Neurovirol 2021; 27:895-916. [PMID: 34635992 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-021-01012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies observed a link between the herpes smplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and Alzheimer's disease. However, the exact viral and cellular dynamics that lead from an HSV-1 infection to Alzheimer's disease are unknown. In this paper, we use the microcompetition model to formulate these dynamics by connecting seemingly unconnected observations reported in the literature. We concentrate on four pathologies characteristic of Alzheimer's disease. First, we explain how an increase in the copy number of HSV-1 during latency can decrease the expression of BECN1/Beclin1, the degradative trafficking protein, which, in turn, can cause a dysregulation of autophagy and Alzheimer's disease. Second, we show how an increase in the copy number of the latent HSV-1 can decrease the expression of many genes important for mitochondrial genome metabolism, respiratory chain, and homeostasis, which can lead to oxidative stress and neuronal damage, resulting in Alzheimer's disease. Third, we describe how an increase in this copy number can reduce the concentration of the NMDA receptor subunits NR1 and NR2b (Grin1 and Grin2b genes), and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which can cause an impaired synaptic plasticity, Aβ accumulation and eventually Alzheimer's disease. Finally, we show how an increase in the copy number of HSV-1 in neural stem/progenitor cells in the hippocampus during the latent phase can lead to an abnormal quantity and quality of neurogenesis, and the clinical presentation of Alzheimer's disease. Since the current understanding of the dynamics and homeostasis of the HSV-1 reservoir during latency is limited, the proposed model represents only a first step towards a complete understanding of the relationship between the copy number of HSV-1 during latency and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Polansky
- The Center for the Biology of Chronic Disease (CBCD), 3 Germay Dr, Wilmington, DE, 19804, USA.
| | - Benjamin Goral
- The Center for the Biology of Chronic Disease (CBCD), 3 Germay Dr, Wilmington, DE, 19804, USA
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8
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Itzhaki RF. Overwhelming Evidence for a Major Role for Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV1) in Alzheimer's Disease (AD); Underwhelming Evidence against. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:679. [PMID: 34205498 PMCID: PMC8234998 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This review describes investigations of specific topics that lie within the general subject of HSV1's role in AD/dementia, published in the last couple of years. They include studies on the following: relationship of HSV1 to AD using neural stem cells; the apparent protective effects of treatment of HSV1 infection or of VZV infection with antivirals prior to the onset of dementia; the putative involvement of VZV in AD/dementia; the possible role of human herpes virus 6 (HHV6) in AD; the seemingly reduced risk of dementia after vaccination with diverse types of vaccine, and the association shown in some vaccine studies with reduced frequency of HSV1 reactivation; anti-HSV serum antibodies supporting the linkage of HSV1 in brain with AD in APOE-ε4 carriers, and the association between APOE and cognition, and association of APOE and infection with AD/dementia. The conclusions are that there is now overwhelming evidence for HSV1's role-probably causal-in AD, when it is present in brain of APOE-ε4 carriers, and that further investigations should be made on possible prevention of the disease by vaccination, or by prolonged antiviral treatment of HSV1 infection in APOE-ε4 carriers, before disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth F Itzhaki
- Institute of Population Ageing, University of Oxford, 66 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6PR, UK
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9
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Hemmingsson E, Hjelmare E, Weidung B, Olsson J, Josefsson M, Adolfsson R, Nyberg L, Elgh F, Lövheim H. Antiviral treatment associated with reduced risk of clinical Alzheimer's disease-A nested case-control study. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2021; 7:e12187. [PMID: 34136638 PMCID: PMC8190532 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this nested case-control study, we investigated if antiviral treatment given prior to onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) could influence incident AD. METHODS From a large population-based cohort study in northern Sweden, 262 individuals that later developed AD were compared to a non-AD matched control group with respect to prescriptions of herpes antiviral treatment. All included subjects were herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1) carriers and the matching criteria were age, sex, apolipoprotein E genotype (ε4 allele carriership), and study sample start year. RESULTS Among those who developed AD, 6 prescriptions of antivirals were found, compared to 20 among matched controls. Adjusted for length of follow-up, a conditional logistic regression indicated a difference in the risk for AD development between groups (odds ratio for AD with an antiviral prescription 0.287, P = .018). DISCUSSION Antiviral treatment might possibly reduce the risk for later development of HSV1-associated AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva‐Stina Hemmingsson
- Department of Community Medicine and RehabilitationGeriatric Medicine, Umeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Ellen Hjelmare
- Department of Community Medicine and RehabilitationGeriatric Medicine, Umeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Bodil Weidung
- Department of Community Medicine and RehabilitationGeriatric Medicine, Umeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Department of Public Health and Caring SciencesGeriatric Medicine, Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Jan Olsson
- Department of Clinical MicrobiologyVirology, Umeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Maria Josefsson
- Department of StatisticsUSBE, Umeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Centre for Demographic and Ageing ResearchUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Umeå Centre for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI)Umeå, UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Rolf Adolfsson
- Department of Clinical SciencesPsychiatry, Umeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Umeå Centre for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI)Umeå, UniversityUmeåSweden
- Department of Radiation SciencesUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Department of Integrative Medical BiologyUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM)Umeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Fredrik Elgh
- Department of Clinical MicrobiologyVirology, Umeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Hugo Lövheim
- Department of Community Medicine and RehabilitationGeriatric Medicine, Umeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM)Umeå UniversityUmeåSweden
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10
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Lopatko Lindman K, Weidung B, Olsson J, Josefsson M, Johansson A, Eriksson S, Hallmans G, Elgh F, Lövheim H. Plasma Amyloid-β in Relation to Antibodies Against Herpes Simplex Virus, Cytomegalovirus, and Chlamydophila pneumoniae. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2021; 5:229-235. [PMID: 34113780 PMCID: PMC8150254 DOI: 10.3233/adr-210008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Amyloid-β (Aβ), the key constituent of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) plaques, has antimicrobial properties. Objective: To investigate the association between plasma Aβ and antibodies against the AD-related pathogens herpes simplex virus (HSV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and C. pneumoniae. Methods: Plasma from 339 AD cases, obtained on average 9.4 years (±4.00) before diagnosis, and their matched controls were analyzed for Aβ40 and Aβ42 concentrations with Luminex xMAP technology and INNOBIA plasma Aβ-form assays. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were utilized for analyses of anti-HSV immunoglobulin (Ig) G, anti-HSV1 IgG, anti-HSV2 IgG, anti-CMV IgG, and anti-C. pneumoniae IgG. Follow-up samples were available for 150 of the cases. Results: Presence and levels of anti-HSV1 IgG, anti-HSV2 IgG, anti-CMV IgG, and anti-C. pneumoniae IgG did not correlate with concentrations of Aβ42 or Aβ40 in cases or controls. Conclusion: Levels of plasma Aβ were not associated with antibodies against different AD-related pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Lopatko Lindman
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bodil Weidung
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatric Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Olsson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Maria Josefsson
- Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Johansson
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sture Eriksson
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Göran Hallmans
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Elgh
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hugo Lövheim
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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11
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Noronha BP, Mambrini JVDM, Torres KCL, Martins-Filho OA, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Lima-Costa MF, Peixoto SV. Cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex type 1 infections and immunological profile of community-dwelling older adults. Exp Gerontol 2021; 149:111337. [PMID: 33811928 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chronic infections, such as cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), contribute to the inflammation process among older adults and are associated with the immunosenescence process. The aim was to identify the immunological profile associated with CMV and HSV-1 infections among older adults. This is a cross-sectional study, carried out with 1492 participants from the Bambuí Cohort Study of Aging - Minas Gerais, Brazil. For analysis purposes, we considered the presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) for CMV and HSV-1 in the participants' serum, assessed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); outcomes were defined by titration above the median (>160 UR/mL for HSV-1 and >399.5 U/mL for CMV). In order to assess the immunological profile, the following biomarkers were considered: IL-1beta, IL-10, IL-12, TNF, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, CCL2, CCL5, IL-6 and CRP; the first four being categorized as detectable levels or not, and the others using the Classification and Regression Tree (CART) method. The analysis was adjusted for sociodemographic variables, health behaviors and health conditions. The seroprevalence of anti CMV and anti HSV-1 antibodies was 99.4% and 97.0%, respectively. Higher concentrations of CXCL8 and CCL5 chemokines were associated with lower antibody titers for CMV, and higher concentrations of CXCL9, IL-6 and CRP were associated with higher levels of antibodies to CMV. Moreover, intermediate levels of CXCL10 were also associated with higher levels of antibodies to CMV. In HSV-1 infection, intermediate levels of CXCL9, CCL5 and IL-6 were less likely to have higher antibody titers for this infection. On the other hand, higher levels of CXCL10 and CRP were positively associated with higher antibody titers for HSV-1. The results describe important immunological changes and reinforce the potential effect of CMV and HSV-1 on the immunosenescence process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Prado Noronha
- Instituto René Rachou, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) Fiocruz Minas, Health Studies Center, Public Health and Aging, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juliana Vaz de Melo Mambrini
- Instituto René Rachou, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) Fiocruz Minas, Health Studies Center, Public Health and Aging, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Karen Cecília Lima Torres
- Instituto René Rachou, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) Fiocruz Minas, Integrated Research Group on Biomarkers, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; José do Rosário Vellano University - UNIFENAS, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Olindo Assis Martins-Filho
- Instituto René Rachou, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) Fiocruz Minas, Integrated Research Group on Biomarkers, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Andréa Teixeira-Carvalho
- Instituto René Rachou, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) Fiocruz Minas, Integrated Research Group on Biomarkers, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Maria Fernanda Lima-Costa
- Instituto René Rachou, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) Fiocruz Minas, Health Studies Center, Public Health and Aging, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Sérgio Viana Peixoto
- Instituto René Rachou, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) Fiocruz Minas, Health Studies Center, Public Health and Aging, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Federal University of Minas Gerais, Nursing School, Department of Health Management, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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