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Charbonneau AA, Reicks EJ, Cambria JF, Inman J, Danley D, Shockley EA, Davion R, Salgado I, Norton EG, Corbett LJ, Hanacek LE, Jensen JG, Kibodeaux MA, Kirkpatrick TK, Rausch KM, Roth SR, West B, Wilson KE, Lawrence CM, Cloninger MJ. CUREs for high-level Galectin-3 expression. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 221:106516. [PMID: 38801985 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2024.106516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Galectins are a large and diverse protein family defined by the presence of a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) that binds β-galactosides. They play important roles in early development, tissue regeneration, immune homeostasis, pathogen recognition, and cancer. In many cases, studies that examine galectin biology and the effect of manipulating galectins are aided by, or require the ability to express and purify, specific members of the galectin family. In many cases, E. coli is employed as a heterologous expression system, and galectin expression is induced with isopropyl β-galactoside (IPTG). Here, we show that galectin-3 recognizes IPTG with micromolar affinity and that as IPTG induces expression, newly synthesized galectin can bind and sequester cytosolic IPTG, potentially repressing further expression. To circumvent this putative inhibitory feedback loop, we utilized an autoinduction protocol that lacks IPTG, leading to significantly increased yields of galectin-3. Much of this work was done within the context of a course-based undergraduate research experience, indicating the ease and reproducibility of the resulting expression and purification protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth J Reicks
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - John F Cambria
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Jacob Inman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Daria Danley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Emmie A Shockley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Ravenor Davion
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Isabella Salgado
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Erienne G Norton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Lucy J Corbett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Lucy E Hanacek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Jordan G Jensen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Marguerite A Kibodeaux
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Tess K Kirkpatrick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Keilen M Rausch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Samantha R Roth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Bernadette West
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Kenai E Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - C Martin Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Mary J Cloninger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA.
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2
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Sasaki T, Oyama M, Kubota M, Isshiki Y, Takeuchi T, Tanaka T, Tanikawa T, Tamura M, Arata Y, Hatanaka T. Galectin-2 Agglutinates Helicobacter pylori via Lipopolysaccharide Containing H Type I Under Weakly Acidic Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8725. [PMID: 39201412 PMCID: PMC11354322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Galectins are β-galactoside-binding animal lectins involved in various biological functions, such as host defense. Galectin-2 and -3 are members of the galectin family that are expressed in the stomach, including the gastric mucosa and surface mucous cells. Galectin-3 exhibits aggregation and bactericidal activity against Helicobacter pylori in a β-galactoside-dependent manner. We previously reported that galectin-2 has the same activity under neutral pH conditions. In this study, the H. pylori aggregation activity of galectin-2 was examined under weakly acidic conditions, in which H. pylori survived. Galectin-2 agglutinated H. pylori even at pH 6.0, but not at pH 5.0, correlating with its structural stability, as determined using circular dichroism. Additionally, galectin-2 binding to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of H. pylori cultured under weakly acidic conditions was investigated using affinity chromatography and Western blotting. Galectin-2 could bind to H. pylori LPS containing H type I, a Lewis antigen, in a β-galactoside-dependent manner. In contrast, galectin-3 was structurally more stable than galectin-2 under acidic conditions and bound to H. pylori LPS containing H type I and Lewis X. In conclusion, galectin-2 and -3 might function cooperatively in the defense against H. pylori in the stomach under different pH conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaharu Sasaki
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan; (T.S.); (M.O.); (M.K.); (Y.I.); (T.T.); (T.T.); (T.T.)
| | - Midori Oyama
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan; (T.S.); (M.O.); (M.K.); (Y.I.); (T.T.); (T.T.); (T.T.)
| | - Mao Kubota
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan; (T.S.); (M.O.); (M.K.); (Y.I.); (T.T.); (T.T.); (T.T.)
| | - Yasunori Isshiki
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan; (T.S.); (M.O.); (M.K.); (Y.I.); (T.T.); (T.T.); (T.T.)
| | - Tomoharu Takeuchi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan; (T.S.); (M.O.); (M.K.); (Y.I.); (T.T.); (T.T.); (T.T.)
- School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Toru Tanaka
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan; (T.S.); (M.O.); (M.K.); (Y.I.); (T.T.); (T.T.); (T.T.)
| | - Takashi Tanikawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan; (T.S.); (M.O.); (M.K.); (Y.I.); (T.T.); (T.T.); (T.T.)
| | - Mayumi Tamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2–11–1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan; (M.T.); (Y.A.)
| | - Yoichiro Arata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2–11–1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan; (M.T.); (Y.A.)
| | - Tomomi Hatanaka
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan; (T.S.); (M.O.); (M.K.); (Y.I.); (T.T.); (T.T.); (T.T.)
- School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
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Manning JC, Baldoneschi V, Romero-Hernández LL, Pichler KM, GarcÍa Caballero G, André S, Kutzner TJ, Ludwig AK, Zullo V, Richichi B, Windhager R, Kaltner H, Toegel S, Gabius HJ, Murphy PV, Nativi C. Targeting osteoarthritis-associated galectins and an induced effector class by a ditopic bifunctional reagent: Impact of its glycan part on binding measured in the tissue context. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 75:117068. [PMID: 36327696 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.117068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pairing glycans with tissue lectins controls multiple effector pathways in (patho)physiology. A clinically relevant example is the prodegradative activity of galectins-1 and -3 (Gal-1 and -3) in the progression of osteoarthritis (OA) via matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), especially MMP-13. The design of heterobifunctional inhibitors that can block galectin binding and MMPs both directly and by preventing their galectin-dependent induction selectively offers a perspective to dissect the roles of lectins and proteolytic enzymes. We describe the synthesis of such a reagent with a bivalent galectin ligand connected to an MMP inhibitor and of two tetravalent glycoclusters with a subtle change in headgroup presentation for further elucidation of influence on ligand binding. Testing was performed on clinical material with mixtures of galectins as occurring in vivo, using sections of fixed tissue. Two-colour fluorescence microscopy monitored binding to the cellular glycome after optimization of experimental parameters. In the presence of the inhibitor, galectin binding to OA specimens was significantly reduced. These results open the perspective to examine the inhibitory capacity of custom-made ditopic compounds on binding of lectins in mixtures using sections of clinical material with known impact of galectins and MMPs on disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim C Manning
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Lena-Christ-Str. 48, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Veronica Baldoneschi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Laura L Romero-Hernández
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Katharina M Pichler
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriel GarcÍa Caballero
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Lena-Christ-Str. 48, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Sabine André
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Lena-Christ-Str. 48, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Tanja J Kutzner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Lena-Christ-Str. 48, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Anna-Kristin Ludwig
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Lena-Christ-Str. 48, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Valerio Zullo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Barbara Richichi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Reinhard Windhager
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Lena-Christ-Str. 48, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Stefan Toegel
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Lena-Christ-Str. 48, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Paul V Murphy
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland; SSPC - Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, CÚRAM - Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Medical Devices, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland.
| | - Cristina Nativi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy; CeRM, University of Florence, via L. Sacconi, 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
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4
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Li H, Yu L, Zhang X, Shang J, Duan X. Exploring the molecular mechanisms and shared gene signatures between rheumatoid arthritis and diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1036239. [PMID: 36389761 PMCID: PMC9659608 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1036239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is well characterized, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this association have not been clearly investigated. Our study aimed to identify shared gene signatures and molecular mechanisms between RA and DLBCL. We selected multiple Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets (GSE93272, GSE83632, GSE12453, GSE1919) to obtain gene expression levels and clinical information about patients with RA and DLBCL. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to research co-expression networks associated with RA and DLBCL. Subsequently, we performed enrichment analysis of shared genes and screened the most significant core genes. We observed expression of the screened target gene, galectin 2 (LGALS2), in DLBCL patients and its impact on patient prognosis. Finally, we analyzed the molecular functional mechanism of LGALS2 and observed its relationship with the immune response in DLBCL using single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA). WGCNA recognized two major modules for RA and DLBCL, respectively. Shared genes (551) were identified for RA and DLBCL by observing the intersection. In addition, a critical shared gene, LGALS2, was acquired in the validation tests. Next, we found that the expression level of LGALS2 gradually decreased with tumor progression in DLBCL and that increased expression of LGALS2 predicted a better prognosis for DLBCL patients. ssGSEA revealed that LGALS2 is involved in immune-related pathways and has a significant regulatory effect on human immune responses. Additionally, we observed that LGALS2 is closely related to the sensitivity of multiple chemotherapeutic drugs. There is extremely little research on the molecular mechanism of correlation between RA and DLBCL. Our study identified that LGALS2 is a potential therapeutic target and an immune-related biomarker for patients with RA and DLBCL.
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Lujan AL, Croci DO, Rabinovich GA, Damiani MT. Galectins as potential therapeutic targets in STIs in the female genital tract. Nat Rev Urol 2022; 19:240-252. [PMID: 35105978 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-021-00562-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Every day, more than one million people worldwide acquire a sexually transmitted infection (STI). This public health problem has a direct effect on women's reproductive and sexual health as STIs can cause irreversible damage to fertility and can have negative consequences associated with discrimination and social exclusion. Infection with one sexually transmitted pathogen predisposes to co-infection with others, suggesting the existence of shared pathways that serve as molecular links between these diseases. Galectins, a family of β-galactoside-binding proteins, have emerged as endogenous mediators that facilitate cell-surface binding, internalization and cell invasion of many sexually transmitted pathogens, including Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida albicans, HIV and herpes simplex virus. The ability of certain galectins to dimerize or form multimeric complexes confers the capacity to interact simultaneously with glycosylated ligands on both the pathogen and the cervico-vaginal tissue on these proteins. Galectins can act as a bridge by engaging glycans from the pathogen surface and glycosylated receptors from host cells, which is a mechanism that has been shown to be shared by several sexually transmitted pathogens. In the case of viruses and obligate intracellular bacteria, binding to the cell surface promotes pathogen internalization and cell invasion. Inflammatory responses that occur in cervico-vaginal tissue might trigger secretion of galectins, which in turn control the establishment, evolution and severity of STIs. Thus, galectin-targeted therapies could potentially prevent or decrease STIs caused by a diverse array of pathogenic microorganisms; furthermore, anti-galectin agents might reduce treatment costs of STIs and reach the most vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustin L Lujan
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica e Inmunidad, Instituto de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCUYO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina.,Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diego O Croci
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCUYO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), C1428AGE, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Maria T Damiani
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica e Inmunidad, Instituto de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCUYO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina.
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García Caballero G, Manning JC, Gabba A, Beckwith D, FitzGerald FG, Kutzner TJ, Ludwig AK, Kaltner H, Murphy PV, Cudic M, Gabius HJ. Exploring the Galectin Network by Light and Fluorescence Microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2442:307-338. [PMID: 35320533 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2055-7_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic changes of a cell's glycophenotype are increasingly interpreted as shifts in the capacity to interact with tissue (endogenous) lectins. The status of glycan branching or chain length (e.g., core 1 vs core 2 mucin-type O-glycans and polyLacNAc additions) as well as of sialylation/sulfation has been delineated to convey signals. They are "read" by galectins, for example regulating lattice formation on the membrane and cell growth. Owing to the discovery of the possibility that these effectors act in networks physiologically resulting in functional antagonism or cooperation, their detection and distribution profiling need to be expanded from an individual (single) protein to the-at best-entire family. How to work with non-cross-reactive antibodies and with the labeled tissue-derived proteins (used as probes) is exemplarily documented for chicken and human galectins including typical activity and specificity controls. This description intends to inspire the systematic (network) study of members of a lectin family and also the application of tissue proteins beyond a single lectin category in lectin histochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel García Caballero
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim C Manning
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Adele Gabba
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Donella Beckwith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Forrest G FitzGerald
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Tanja J Kutzner
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna-Kristin Ludwig
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul V Murphy
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Mare Cudic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Onishi K, Fu HY, Sofue T, Tobiume A, Moritoki M, Saiga H, Ohmura-Hoshino M, Hoshino K, Minamino T. Galectin-9 deficiency exacerbates lipopolysaccharide-induced hypothermia and kidney injury. Clin Exp Nephrol 2021; 26:226-233. [PMID: 34698914 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-021-02152-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is a multifunctional lectin that moderates inflammation and organ damage. In this study, we tested whether Gal-9 has a protective role in the pathogenesis of endotoxemic acute kidney injury. METHODS We examined the levels of Gal-9 in control mice after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration. We developed Gal-9 knockout (KO) mice that lack Gal-9 systemically and evaluated the role of Gal-9 in LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines, vascular permeability, and renal injury. RESULTS Gal-9 levels were increased in the plasma, kidney, and spleen within 4 h after LPS administration to wild-type mice. Gal-9 deficiency did not affect the LPS-induced increase in plasma tumor necrosis factor-α levels at 1 h or vascular permeability at 6 h. Lower urine volume and reduced creatinine clearance were observed in Gal-9-KO mice compared with wild-type mice after LPS administration. Gal-9-KO mice had limited improvement in urine volume after fluid resuscitation compared with wild-type mice. LPS reduced the body temperature 12 h after its administration. Hypothermia had disappeared in wild-type mice by 24 h, whereas it was sustained until 24 h in Gal-9-KO mice. Importantly, maintaining body temperature in Gal-9-KO mice improved the response of urine flow to fluid resuscitation. CONCLUSION Deficiency in Gal-9 worsened LPS-induced hypothermia and kidney injury in mice. The accelerated hypothermia induced by Gal-9 deficiency contributed to the blunted response to fluid resuscitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Onishi
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-Cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan.
| | - Hai Ying Fu
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-Cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Tadashi Sofue
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-Cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tobiume
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-Cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Masahiro Moritoki
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-Cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Saiga
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-Cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Mari Ohmura-Hoshino
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-Cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan.,Department of Medical Technology, School of Nursing and Medical Care, Yokkaichi Nursing and Medical Care University, 1200 Kayo-cho, Yokkaichi, Mie, 512-8045, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Hoshino
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-Cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Minamino
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-Cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
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8
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Dings RPM, Kumar N, Mikkelson S, Gabius HJ, Mayo KH. Simulating cellular galectin networks by mixing galectins in vitro reveals synergistic activity. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 28:101116. [PMID: 34485713 PMCID: PMC8408429 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Even though members of the family of adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins are increasingly detected to be co-expressed, they are still being routinely tested separately. The recent discovery of heterodimer formation among galectins-1, -3, and -7 in mixtures prompts further study of their functional activities in mixtures. Methods Cell agglutination, galectin binding to cells, as well as effects on cell proliferation, onset of apoptosis and migration were determined in assays using various cell types and mixtures of galectins-1, -3, and -7. Results Evidence for a more than additive increases of experimental parameters was consistently obtained. Conclusion Testing galectins in mixtures simulates the situation of co-expression in situ and reveals unsuspected over-additive activities. This new insight is relevant for analyzing galectin functionality in (patho)physiological conditions. Galectins-1, -3, and -7 form heterodimers in solution. Mixtures of galectins simulates galectin co-expression in situ. Mixtures display synergistic activities in vitro. Cell agglutination, apoptosis, proliferation, migration affected. Findings are relevant for galectin functionality in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud P M Dings
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Nigam Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Sterling Mikkelson
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Veterinarstr. 13, Munich, 80539, Germany
| | - Kevin H Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
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García Caballero G, Beckwith D, Shilova NV, Gabba A, Kutzner TJ, Ludwig AK, Manning JC, Kaltner H, Sinowatz F, Cudic M, Bovin NV, Murphy PV, Gabius HJ. Influence of protein (human galectin-3) design on aspects of lectin activity. Histochem Cell Biol 2020; 154:135-153. [PMID: 32335744 PMCID: PMC7429544 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01859-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The concept of biomedical significance of the functional pairing between tissue lectins and their glycoconjugate counterreceptors has reached the mainstream of research on the flow of biological information. A major challenge now is to identify the principles of structure–activity relationships that underlie specificity of recognition and the ensuing post-binding processes. Toward this end, we focus on a distinct feature on the side of the lectin, i.e. its architecture to present the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD). Working with a multifunctional human lectin, i.e. galectin-3, as model, its CRD is used in protein engineering to build variants with different modular assembly. Hereby, it becomes possible to compare activity features of the natural design, i.e. CRD attached to an N-terminal tail, with those of homo- and heterodimers and the tail-free protein. Thermodynamics of binding disaccharides proved full activity of all proteins at very similar affinity. The following glycan array testing revealed maintained preferential contact formation with N-acetyllactosamine oligomers and histo-blood group ABH epitopes irrespective of variant design. The study of carbohydrate-inhibitable binding of the test panel disclosed up to qualitative cell-type-dependent differences in sections of fixed murine epididymis and especially jejunum. By probing topological aspects of binding, the susceptibility to inhibition by a tetravalent glycocluster was markedly different for the wild-type vs the homodimeric variant proteins. The results teach the salient lesson that protein design matters: the type of CRD presentation can have a profound bearing on whether basically suited oligosaccharides, which for example tested positively in an array, will become binding partners in situ. When lectin-glycoconjugate aggregates (lattices) are formed, their structural organization will depend on this parameter. Further testing (ga)lectin variants will thus be instrumental (i) to define the full range of impact of altering protein assembly and (ii) to explain why certain types of design have been favored during the course of evolution, besides opening biomedical perspectives for potential applications of the novel galectin forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel García Caballero
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Donella Beckwith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Nadezhda V Shilova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Moscow, Russia, 117997
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After Academician V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Adele Gabba
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Tanja J Kutzner
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Anna-Kristin Ludwig
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Joachim C Manning
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Fred Sinowatz
- Institut für Anatomie, Histologie und Embryologie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Mare Cudic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA.
| | - Nicolai V Bovin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Moscow, Russia, 117997.
- Centre for Kode Technology Innovation, School of Engineering, Computer & Mathematical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand.
| | - Paul V Murphy
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, München, Germany.
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Sasaki T, Saito R, Oyama M, Takeuchi T, Tanaka T, Natsume H, Tamura M, Arata Y, Hatanaka T. Galectin-2 Has Bactericidal Effects against Helicobacter pylori in a β-galactoside-Dependent Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082697. [PMID: 32295066 PMCID: PMC7215486 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is associated with the onset of gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer. Galectins are a family of β-galactoside-binding proteins involved in diverse biological phenomena. Galectin-2 (Gal-2), a member of the galectin family, is predominantly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract. Although some galectin family proteins are involved in immunoreaction, the role of Gal-2 against H. pylori infection remains unclear. In this study, the effects of Gal-2 on H. pylori morphology and survival were examined. Gal-2 induced H. pylori aggregation depending on β-galactoside and demonstrated a bactericidal effect. Immunohistochemical staining of the gastric tissue indicated that Gal-2 existed in the gastric mucus, as well as mucosa. These results suggested that Gal-2 plays a role in innate immunity against H. pylori infection in gastric mucus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaharu Sasaki
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Saitama 350-0295, Japan; (T.S.); (R.S.); (M.O.); (T.T.); (T.T.); (H.N.)
| | - Rei Saito
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Saitama 350-0295, Japan; (T.S.); (R.S.); (M.O.); (T.T.); (T.T.); (H.N.)
| | - Midori Oyama
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Saitama 350-0295, Japan; (T.S.); (R.S.); (M.O.); (T.T.); (T.T.); (H.N.)
| | - Tomoharu Takeuchi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Saitama 350-0295, Japan; (T.S.); (R.S.); (M.O.); (T.T.); (T.T.); (H.N.)
| | - Toru Tanaka
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Saitama 350-0295, Japan; (T.S.); (R.S.); (M.O.); (T.T.); (T.T.); (H.N.)
| | - Hideshi Natsume
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Saitama 350-0295, Japan; (T.S.); (R.S.); (M.O.); (T.T.); (T.T.); (H.N.)
| | - Mayumi Tamura
- Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, 2–11–1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173–8605, Japan; (M.T.); (Y.A.)
| | - Yoichiro Arata
- Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, 2–11–1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173–8605, Japan; (M.T.); (Y.A.)
| | - Tomomi Hatanaka
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Saitama 350-0295, Japan; (T.S.); (R.S.); (M.O.); (T.T.); (T.T.); (H.N.)
- Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259–1193, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-49-271-7675
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Kaltner H, Manning JC, García Caballero G, Di Salvo C, Gabba A, Romero-Hernández LL, Knospe C, Wu D, Daly HC, O'Shea DF, Gabius HJ, Murphy PV. Revealing biomedically relevant cell and lectin type-dependent structure–activity profiles for glycoclusters by using tissue sections as an assay platform. RSC Adv 2018; 8:28716-28735. [PMID: 35542469 PMCID: PMC9084366 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05382k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing realization of the involvement of lectin-glycan recognition in (patho)physiological processes inspires envisioning therapeutic intervention by high-avidity/specificity blocking reagents. Synthetic glycoclusters are proving to have potential for becoming such inhibitors but the commonly used assays have their drawbacks to predict in vivo efficacy. They do not represent the natural complexity of (i) cell types and (ii) spatial and structural complexity of glycoconjugate representation. Moreover, testing lectins in mixtures, as present in situ, remains a major challenge, giving direction to this work. Using a toolbox with four lectins and six bi- to tetravalent glycoclusters bearing the cognate sugar in a model study, we here document the efficient and versatile application of tissue sections (from murine jejunum as the model) as a platform for routine and systematic glycocluster testing without commonly encountered limitations. The nature of glycocluster structure, especially core and valency, and of protein features, i.e. architecture, fine-specificity and valency, are shown to have an influence, as cell types can differ in response profiles. Proceeding from light microscopy to monitoring by fluorescence microscopy enables grading of glycocluster activity on individual lectins tested in mixtures. This work provides a robust tool for testing glycoclusters prior to considering in vivo experiments. Introducing tissue sections for testing glycocluster activity as inhibitors of lectin binding close to in vivo conditions.![]()
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