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Dings RPM, Kumar N, Mikkelson S, Gabius HJ, Mayo KH. Simulating cellular galectin networks by mixing galectins in vitro reveals synergistic activity. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 28:101116. [PMID: 34485713 PMCID: PMC8408429 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Even though members of the family of adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins are increasingly detected to be co-expressed, they are still being routinely tested separately. The recent discovery of heterodimer formation among galectins-1, -3, and -7 in mixtures prompts further study of their functional activities in mixtures. Methods Cell agglutination, galectin binding to cells, as well as effects on cell proliferation, onset of apoptosis and migration were determined in assays using various cell types and mixtures of galectins-1, -3, and -7. Results Evidence for a more than additive increases of experimental parameters was consistently obtained. Conclusion Testing galectins in mixtures simulates the situation of co-expression in situ and reveals unsuspected over-additive activities. This new insight is relevant for analyzing galectin functionality in (patho)physiological conditions. Galectins-1, -3, and -7 form heterodimers in solution. Mixtures of galectins simulates galectin co-expression in situ. Mixtures display synergistic activities in vitro. Cell agglutination, apoptosis, proliferation, migration affected. Findings are relevant for galectin functionality in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud P M Dings
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Nigam Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Sterling Mikkelson
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Veterinarstr. 13, Munich, 80539, Germany
| | - Kevin H Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
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Tang J, Kang Y, Huang L, Wu L, Peng Y. TIMP1 preserves the blood-brain barrier through interacting with CD63/integrin β 1 complex and regulating downstream FAK/RhoA signaling. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:987-1003. [PMID: 32642407 PMCID: PMC7332810 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood–brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and the associated microvascular hyperpermeability are hallmark features of several neurological disorders, including traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, there is no viable therapeutic strategy to rescue BBB function. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP1) has been considered to be beneficial for vascular integrity, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the functions of TIMP1 remain elusive. Here, we report that TIMP1 executes a protective role on neuroprotective function via ameliorating BBB disruption in mice with experimental TBI. In human brain microvessel endothelial cells (HBMECs) exposed to hypoxia and inflammation injury, the recombinant TIMP1 (rTIMP1) treatment maintained integrity of junctional proteins and trans-endothelial tightness. Mechanistically, TIMP1 interacts with CD63/integrin β1 complex and activates downstream FAK signaling, leading to attenuation of RhoA activation and F-actin depolymerization for endothelial cells structure stabilization. Notably, these effects depend on CD63/integrin β1 complex, instead of the MMP-inhibitory function. Together, our results identified a novel MMP-independent function of TIMP1 in regulating endothelial barrier integrity. Therapeutic interventions targeting TIMP1 and its downstream signaling may be beneficial to protect BBB function following brain injury and neurological disorders.
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Tan T, Wang Y, Wang J, Wang Z, Wang H, Cao H, Li J, Li Y, Zhang Z, Wang S. Targeting peptide-decorated biomimetic lipoproteins improve deep penetration and cancer cells accessibility in solid tumor. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:529-545. [PMID: 32140397 PMCID: PMC7049576 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The limited penetration of nanoparticles and their poor accessibility to cancer cell fractions in tumor remain essential challenges for effective anticancer therapy. Herein, we designed a targeting peptide-decorated biomimetic lipoprotein (termed as BL-RD) to enable their deep penetration and efficient accessibility to cancer cell fractions in a tumor, thereby improving the combinational chemo-photodynamic therapy of triple negative breast cancer. BL-RD was composed of phospholipids, apolipoprotein A1 mimetic peptide (PK22), targeting peptide-conjugated cytotoxic mertansine (RM) and photodynamic agents of DiIC18(5) (DiD). The counterpart biomimetic lipoprotein system without RM (termed as BL-D) was fabricated as control. Both BL-D and BL-RD were nanometer-sized particles with a mean diameter of less than 30 nm and could be efficiently internalized by cancer cells. After intravenous injection, they can be specifically accumulated at tumor sites. When comparing to the counterpart BL-D, BL-RD displayed superior capability to permeate across the tumor mass, extravasate from tumor vasculature to distant regions and efficiently access the cancer cell fractions in a solid tumor, thus producing noticeable depression of the tumor growth. Taken together, BL-RD can be a promising delivery nanoplatform with prominent tumor-penetrating and cancer cells-accessing capability for effective tumor therapy.
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Key Words
- 4T1-GFP, 4T1 cancer cells with stable expression of green fluorescence protein
- ApoA1, apolipoprotein A1
- BL-D, biomimetic lipoprotein system without targeting peptide
- BL-RD, targeting peptide decorated biomimetic lipoprotein system
- CAF, cancer-associated fibroblasts
- CLSM, confocal laser scanning microscopy
- Cancer therapy
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- DCFH-DA, 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate
- DOPC, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
- DiD, DiIC18(5)
- Drug delivery
- EC, endothelial cells
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EE, encapsulation efficiency
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- GSH, glutathione
- H&E staining, hematoxylin-eosin staining
- HDL, high density lipoprotein
- HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography
- IC50, half-inhibitory concentration
- Lipo-D, liposome system without targeting peptide
- Lipo-RD, targeting peptide decorated biomimetic lipoprotein system
- Lipoprotein
- MCS, multicellular spheroids
- MTT, thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide
- Nanoparticles
- PBS, phosphate buffered solution
- PDT, photodynamic therapy
- RM, targeting peptide-conjugated cytotoxic mertansine
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SOSG, singlet oxygen sensor green
- TAM, tumor-associated macrophage
- TEM, transmission electronic microscope
- TGI, tumor growth index
- Tumor penetration
- α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhiwan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Haiqiang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yaping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai 264000, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 21 20231979.
| | - Zhiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai 264000, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 21 20231979.
| | - Siling Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 21 20231979.
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Orlov SN, Gusakova SV, Smaglii LV, Koltsova SV, Sidorenko SV. Vasoconstriction triggered by hydrogen sulfide: Evidence for Na +,K +,2Cl -cotransport and L-type Ca 2+ channel-mediated pathway. Biochem Biophys Rep 2017; 12:220-227. [PMID: 29159314 PMCID: PMC5683885 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study examined the dose-dependent actions of hydrogen sulfide donor sodium hydrosulphide (NaHS) on isometric contractions and ion transport in rat aorta smooth muscle cells (SMC). Methods Isometric contraction was measured in ring aortas segments from male Wistar rats. Activity of Na+/K+-pump and Na+,K+,2Cl-cotransport was measured in cultured endothelial and smooth muscle cells from the rat aorta as ouabain-sensitive and ouabain-resistant, bumetanide-sensitive components of the 86Rb influx, respectively. Results NaHS exhibited the bimodal action on contractions triggered by modest depolarization ([K+]o=30 mM). At 10-4 M, NaHS augmented contractions of intact and endothelium-denuded strips by ~ 15% and 25%, respectively, whereas at concentration of 10-3 M it decreased contractile responses by more than two-fold. Contractions evoked by 10-4 M NaHS were completely abolished by bumetanide, a potent inhibitor of Na+,K+,2Cl-cotransport, whereas the inhibition seen at 10-3 M NaHS was suppressed in the presence of K+ channel blocker TEA. In cultured SMC, 5×10-5 M NaHS increased Na+,K+,2Cl- - cotransport without any effect on the activity of this carrier in endothelial cells. In depolarized SMC, 45Ca influx was enhanced in the presence of 10-4 M NaHS and suppressed under elevation of [NaHS] up to 10-3 M. 45Ca influx triggered by 10-4 M NaHS was abolished by bumetanide and L-type Ca2+ channel blocker nicardipine. Conclusions Our results strongly suggest that contractions of rat aortic rings triggered by low doses of NaHS are mediated by activation of Na+,K+,2Cl-cotransport and Ca2+ influx via L-type channels.
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Key Words
- CO, carbon monoxide
- COX, cyclooxygenase
- CSE, cystathionine-γ-lyase
- Ca2+ influx
- Contraction
- EC, endothelial cells
- EDHF, endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor
- H2S, hydrogen sulfide
- Hydrogen sulfide
- KATP, ATP-sensitive potassium channels
- KCa, Ca2+-activated potassium channels
- NKCC, Na+,K+,2Cl- cotransport
- NO, nitric oxide
- Na+,K+,2Cl-cotransport
- NaHS, sodium hydrosulphide
- PE, phenylephrine
- PSS, physiologically-balanced salt solution
- RAEC, endothelial cells from rat aorta
- RASMC, smooth muscle cells from rat aorta
- Rat aorta
- SMC, smooth muscle cells
- Smooth muscle cells
- TEA, tetraethylammonium chloride
- VSMC, vascular smooth muscle cells
- VSMR, vascular smooth muscles from rat
- cGMP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate
- sGC, soluble guanylyl cyclase
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei N. Orlov
- Central Research Laboratory, Siberian State Medical University, Moskovskiy trakt 2, Tomsk 634050, Russia
- Faculty of Biology MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye gory 1/12, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Corresponding author at: Faculty of Biology MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye gory 1/12, Moscow 119991, Russia.Faculty of Biology MV Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityLeninskiye gory 1/12Moscow119991Russia
| | - Svetlana V. Gusakova
- Department of Biophysics and Functional Diagnostics, Medical and Biological Faculty, Siberian State Medical University, Moskovskiy trakt 2, Tomsk 634050, Russia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Liudmila V. Smaglii
- Department of Biophysics and Functional Diagnostics, Medical and Biological Faculty, Siberian State Medical University, Moskovskiy trakt 2, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Svetlana V. Koltsova
- Faculty of Biology MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye gory 1/12, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Svetalana V. Sidorenko
- Faculty of Biology MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye gory 1/12, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Chang CH, Wang Y, Gupta P, Goldenberg DM. Extensive crosslinking of CD22 by epratuzumab triggers BCR signaling and caspase-dependent apoptosis in human lymphoma cells. MAbs 2015; 7:199-211. [PMID: 25484043 PMCID: PMC4622945 DOI: 10.4161/19420862.2014.979081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epratuzumab has demonstrated therapeutic activity in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, systemic lupus erythematosus, and Sjögren's syndrome, but its mechanism of affecting normal and malignant B cells remains incompletely understood. We reported previously that epratuzumab displayed in vitro cytotoxicity to CD22-expressing Burkitt lymphoma cell lines (Daudi and Ramos) only when immobilized on plates or combined with a crosslinking antibody plus a suboptimal amount of anti-IgM (1 μg/mL). Herein, we show that, in the absence of additional anti-IgM ligation, extensive crosslinking of CD22 by plate-immobilized epratuzumab induced intracellular changes in Daudi cells similar to ligating B-cell antigen receptor with a sufficiently high amount of anti-IgM (10 μg/mL). Specifically, either treatment led to phosphorylation of CD22, CD79a and CD79b, along with their translocation to lipid rafts, both of which were essential for effecting caspase-dependent apoptosis. Moreover, such immobilization induced stabilization of F-actin, phosphorylation of Lyn, ERKs and JNKs, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), decrease in mitochondria membrane potential (Δψm), upregulation of pro-apoptotic Bax, and downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-xl and Mcl-1. The physiological relevance of immobilized epratuzumab was implicated by noting that several of its in vitro effects, including apoptosis, drop in Δψm, and generation of ROS, could be observed with soluble epratuzumab in Daudi cells co-cultivated with human umbilical vein endothelial cells. These results suggest that the in vivo mechanism of non-ligand-blocking epratuzumab may, in part, involve the unmasking of CD22 to facilitate the trans-interaction of B cells with vascular endothelium.
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Key Words
- 488-annexin V, Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated annexin V
- 7-AAD, 7-aminoactinomycin D, Syk, spleen tyrosine kinase
- Anti-IgM, F(ab’)2 fragment of affinity-purified goat anti-human IgM, Fc5μ fragment
- BCR
- BCR, B-cell antigen receptor
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- CD22
- CM-H2DCF-DA, 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate
- DNP, 2,4-dinitrophenyl
- EC, endothelial cells
- ERKs, extracellular signal-regulated kinases
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- FITC-DNase I, fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated DNase I
- GAH, F(ab′)2 fragment of affinity-purified goat anti-human IgG Fcγ fragment-specific
- HUV-EC
- HUV-EC, human umbilical vein endothelial cells
- ITIM, immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif
- JNKs, c-Jun N-terminal kinases
- JP, jasplakinolide
- LatB, latrunculin B
- Lyn, Lck/Yes novel tyrosine kinase
- MAP kinases, mitogen-activated protein kinases
- MTS, (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium
- PARP, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PLCγ2, phospholipase C, isotype gamma 2
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Rhodamine-anti-IgG, rhodamine-conjugated F(ab′)2 fragment of affinity-purified goat anti-human IgG, F(ab′)2 fragment-specific
- TMRE/tetramethylrhodamine/ethyl ester
- epratuzumab
- human B-cell lymphoma
- immobilized
- mIgM, membrane IgM
- Δψm, mitochondria membrane potential
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Abstract
High endothelial venules (HEVs) are blood vessels especially adapted for lymphocyte trafficking which are normally found in secondary lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes (LN) and Peyer's patches. It has long been known that HEVs develop in non-lymphoid organs during chronic inflammation driven by autoimmunity, infection or allografts. More recently, HEVs have been observed in solid, vascularized tumors and their presence correlated with reduced tumor size and improved patient outcome. It is proposed that newly formed HEV promote antitumor immunity by recruiting naive lymphocytes into the tumor, thus allowing the local generation of cancerous tissue-destroying lymphocytes. Understanding how HEVs develop and function are therefore important to unravel their role in human cancers. In LN, HEVs develop during embryonic and early post-natal life and are actively maintained by the LN microenvironment. Systemic blockade of lymphotoxin-β receptor leads to HEV de-differentiation, but the LN components that induce HEV differentiation have remained elusive. Recent elegant studies using gene-targeted mice have demonstrated clearly that triggering the lymphotoxin-β receptor in endothelial cells (EC) induces the differentiation of HEV and that CD11c+ dendritic cells play a crucial role in this process. It will be important to determine whether lymphotoxin-β receptor-dependent signaling in EC drives the development of HEV during tumorigenesis and which cells have HEV-inducer properties. This may reveal therapeutic approaches to promote HEV neogenesis and determine the impact of newly formed HEV on tumor immunity.
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Key Words
- EC, endothelial cells
- FRC, fibroblast reticular cells
- HEC, high endothelial cells
- HEV, high endothelial venules
- LN, lymph nodes
- LPA, lysophosphatidic acid
- LT, lymphotoxin
- LT-βR, lymphotoxin-β receptor
- MAdCAM, mucosal cell adhesion molecule
- PNAd, peripheral node addressin
- SIP, sphingosine-1-phosphate
- T cell homing
- TLO, tertiary lymphoid organ
- VE-cadherin, vascular endothelial cadherin
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- dendritic cells
- high endothelial venules
- lymphotoxin-β receptor
- tumor immunotherapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Ager
- Infection and Immunity; School of Medicine; Cardiff University ; Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael J May
- School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Pennsylvania ; Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Kása A, Csortos C, Verin AD. Cytoskeletal mechanisms regulating vascular endothelial barrier function in response to acute lung injury. Tissue Barriers 2015; 3:e974448. [PMID: 25838980 DOI: 10.4161/21688370.2014.974448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (EC) form a semi-permeable barrier between the interior space of blood vessels and the underlying tissues. In acute lung injury (ALI) the EC barrier is weakened leading to increased vascular permeability. It is widely accepted that EC barrier integrity is critically dependent upon intact cytoskeletal structure and cell junctions. Edemagenic agonists, like thrombin or endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS), induced cytoskeletal rearrangement, and EC contractile responses leading to disruption of intercellular contacts and EC permeability increase. The highly clinically-relevant cytoskeletal mechanisms of EC barrier dysfunction are currently under intense investigation and will be described and discussed in the current review.
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Key Words
- AJ, adherens junction
- ALI, Acute Lung Injury
- ARDS, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
- CPI-17, PKC potentiated inhibitory protein of 17 kDa
- CaD, caldesmon
- EC, endothelial cells
- GJ, gap junction
- HSP-27, small heat shock actin-capping protein of 27 kDa
- IL, interleukin
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MLC, myosin light chain
- MLCK, Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM) dependent MLC kinase
- MLCP, myosin light chain phosphatase
- MT, microtubules
- MYPT1, myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1
- PKA, protein kinase A
- PKC, protein kinase C
- SM, smooth muscle
- TJ, tight junction
- TLR4, toll-like receptor 4
- TNFα, tumor necrosis factor α
- acute lung injury
- barrier function
- cytoskeleton
- endothelial junctions
- pulmonary endothelium
- thrombin
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kása
- Vascular Biology Center; Georgia Regents University ; Augusta, GA USA
| | - Csilla Csortos
- Department of Medical Chemistry; Faculty of Medicine; University of Debrecen ; Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Alexander D Verin
- Vascular Biology Center; Georgia Regents University ; Augusta, GA USA ; Division of Pulmonary; Medicine Medical College of Georgia; Georgia Regents University; Augusta, GA USA
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