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Wu D, Zheng X, Liu R, Li Z, Jiang Z, Zhou Q, Huang Y, Wu XN, Zhang C, Huang YY, Luo HB. Free energy perturbation (FEP)-guided scaffold hopping. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:1351-1362. [PMID: 35530128 PMCID: PMC9072250 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Scaffold hopping refers to computer-aided screening for active compounds with different structures against the same receptor to enrich privileged scaffolds, which is a topic of high interest in organic and medicinal chemistry. However, most approaches cannot efficiently predict the potency level of candidates after scaffold hopping. Herein, we identified potent PDE5 inhibitors with a novel scaffold via a free energy perturbation (FEP)-guided scaffold-hopping strategy, and FEP shows great advantages to precisely predict the theoretical binding potencies ΔG FEP between ligands and their target, which were more consistent with the experimental binding potencies ΔG EXP (the mean absolute deviations| Δ G FEP - Δ G EXP | < 2 kcal/mol) than those ΔG MM-PBSA or ΔG MM-GBSA predicted by the MM-PBSA or MM-GBSA method. Lead L12 had an IC50 of 8.7 nmol/L and exhibited a different binding pattern in its crystal structure with PDE5 from the famous starting drug tadalafil. Our work provides the first report via the FEP-guided scaffold hopping strategy for potent inhibitor discovery with a novel scaffold, implying that it will have a variety of future applications in rational molecular design and drug discovery.
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Key Words
- ABFE, absolute binding free energy
- BAR, Bennet acceptance ratio
- Binding potencies
- DCM, dichloromethane
- DMF, N,N-dimethylformamide
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- Drug discovery
- FEP, free energy perturbation
- Free energy perturbation
- GAFF, general AMBER force field
- HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography
- HRMS, High resolution mass spectra
- IC50, half-inhibitory concentration
- IPTG, isopropyl b-d-thiogalactopyranoside
- LV, left ventricle
- MAD, mean absolute deviations
- MD, molecular dynamics
- MM-GBSA, molecular mechanics/generalized born surface area
- Molecular design
- PAH, pulmonary arterial hypertension
- PDB, protein data bank
- PDE, phosphodiesterase
- PDE5 inhibitors
- PDE5, phosphodiesterase-5
- PME, particle mesh Ewald
- Privileged scaffolds
- Pulmonary arterial hypertension
- RBFE, relative binding free energy
- RED, restraint energy distribution
- RESP, restrained electrostatic potential
- RV, right ventricle
- RVHI, right ventricle hypertrophy index
- SARs, structure–activity relationships
- Scaffold hopping
- THF, tetrahydrofuran
- TLC, thin-layer chromatography
- WT, wall thickness
- ip, intraperitoneal injection
- iv, intravenous administration
- mPAP, pulmonary artery pressure
- po, oral administration (per os)
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyan Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xuehua Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Runduo Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhe Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zan Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yue Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xu-Nian Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yi-You Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hai-Bin Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Tan T, Wang Y, Wang J, Wang Z, Wang H, Cao H, Li J, Li Y, Zhang Z, Wang S. Targeting peptide-decorated biomimetic lipoproteins improve deep penetration and cancer cells accessibility in solid tumor. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:529-545. [PMID: 32140397 PMCID: PMC7049576 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The limited penetration of nanoparticles and their poor accessibility to cancer cell fractions in tumor remain essential challenges for effective anticancer therapy. Herein, we designed a targeting peptide-decorated biomimetic lipoprotein (termed as BL-RD) to enable their deep penetration and efficient accessibility to cancer cell fractions in a tumor, thereby improving the combinational chemo-photodynamic therapy of triple negative breast cancer. BL-RD was composed of phospholipids, apolipoprotein A1 mimetic peptide (PK22), targeting peptide-conjugated cytotoxic mertansine (RM) and photodynamic agents of DiIC18(5) (DiD). The counterpart biomimetic lipoprotein system without RM (termed as BL-D) was fabricated as control. Both BL-D and BL-RD were nanometer-sized particles with a mean diameter of less than 30 nm and could be efficiently internalized by cancer cells. After intravenous injection, they can be specifically accumulated at tumor sites. When comparing to the counterpart BL-D, BL-RD displayed superior capability to permeate across the tumor mass, extravasate from tumor vasculature to distant regions and efficiently access the cancer cell fractions in a solid tumor, thus producing noticeable depression of the tumor growth. Taken together, BL-RD can be a promising delivery nanoplatform with prominent tumor-penetrating and cancer cells-accessing capability for effective tumor therapy.
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Key Words
- 4T1-GFP, 4T1 cancer cells with stable expression of green fluorescence protein
- ApoA1, apolipoprotein A1
- BL-D, biomimetic lipoprotein system without targeting peptide
- BL-RD, targeting peptide decorated biomimetic lipoprotein system
- CAF, cancer-associated fibroblasts
- CLSM, confocal laser scanning microscopy
- Cancer therapy
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- DCFH-DA, 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate
- DOPC, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
- DiD, DiIC18(5)
- Drug delivery
- EC, endothelial cells
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EE, encapsulation efficiency
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- GSH, glutathione
- H&E staining, hematoxylin-eosin staining
- HDL, high density lipoprotein
- HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography
- IC50, half-inhibitory concentration
- Lipo-D, liposome system without targeting peptide
- Lipo-RD, targeting peptide decorated biomimetic lipoprotein system
- Lipoprotein
- MCS, multicellular spheroids
- MTT, thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide
- Nanoparticles
- PBS, phosphate buffered solution
- PDT, photodynamic therapy
- RM, targeting peptide-conjugated cytotoxic mertansine
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SOSG, singlet oxygen sensor green
- TAM, tumor-associated macrophage
- TEM, transmission electronic microscope
- TGI, tumor growth index
- Tumor penetration
- α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhiwan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Haiqiang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yaping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai 264000, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 21 20231979.
| | - Zhiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai 264000, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 21 20231979.
| | - Siling Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 21 20231979.
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