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Purić E, Nilsson UJ, Anderluh M. Galectin-8 inhibition and functions in immune response and tumor biology. Med Res Rev 2024. [PMID: 38613488 DOI: 10.1002/med.22041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Galectins are among organisms' most abundantly expressed lectins (carbohydrate-binding proteins) that specifically bind β-galactosides. They act not only outside the cell, where they bind to extracellular matrix glycans, but also inside the cell, where they have a significant impact on signaling pathways. Galectin-8 is a galectin family protein encoded by the LGALS8 gene. Its role is evident in both T- and B-cell immunity and in the innate immune response, where it acts directly on dendritic cells and induces some pro-inflammatory cytokines. Galectin-8 also plays an important role in the defense against bacterial and viral infections. It is known to promote antibacterial autophagy by recognizing and binding glycans present on the vacuolar membrane, thus acting as a danger receptor. The most important role of galectin-8 is the regulation of cancer growth, metastasis, tumor progression, and tumor cell survival. Importantly, the expression of galectins is typically higher in tumor tissues than in noncancerous tissues. In this review article, we focus on galectin-8 and its function in immune response, microbial infections, and cancer. Given all of these functions of galectin-8, we emphasize the importance of developing new and selective galectin-8 inhibitors and report the current status of their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edvin Purić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ulf J Nilsson
- Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marko Anderluh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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2
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Kruk L, Braun A, Cosset E, Gudermann T, Mammadova-Bach E. Galectin functions in cancer-associated inflammation and thrombosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1052959. [PMID: 36873388 PMCID: PMC9981828 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1052959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that regulate many cellular functions including proliferation, adhesion, migration, and phagocytosis. Increasing experimental and clinical evidence indicates that galectins influence many steps of cancer development by inducing the recruitment of immune cells to the inflammatory sites and modulating the effector function of neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes. Recent studies described that different isoforms of galectins can induce platelet adhesion, aggregation, and granule release through the interaction with platelet-specific glycoproteins and integrins. Patients with cancer and/or deep-venous thrombosis have increased levels of galectins in the vasculature, suggesting that these proteins could be important contributors to cancer-associated inflammation and thrombosis. In this review, we summarize the pathological role of galectins in inflammatory and thrombotic events, influencing tumor progression and metastasis. We also discuss the potential of anti-cancer therapies targeting galectins in the pathological context of cancer-associated inflammation and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus Kruk
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Attila Braun
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Erika Cosset
- CRCL, UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Elmina Mammadova-Bach
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
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3
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van Klaveren S, Sundin AP, Jakopin Ž, Anderluh M, Leffler H, Nilsson UJ, Tomašič T. Selective Galectin-8N Ligands: The Design and Synthesis of Phthalazinone-d-Galactals. ChemMedChem 2021; 17:e202100575. [PMID: 34913595 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Ligand selectivity among the highly conserved galectins has been an ever-challenging objective. For galectin-8, a protein prevalent in both pathology and tissue distribution, we report phthalazinone-galactals that show excellent selectivity for the galectin-8N-terminal domain. A dissection of structure-activity relationships of the phthalazinone and an extensive molecular dynamics meta-analysis accompany the discovery of the selective galectin-8N ligands presented here. These selective compounds will facilitate the study of galectin-8 biology and may have pharmaceutical relevance in the wide range of galectin-8 associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjors van Klaveren
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Faculty of Science, Naturvetarvägen 14, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders P Sundin
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Faculty of Science, Naturvetarvägen 14, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Žiga Jakopin
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Anderluh
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section MIG, Lund University, BMC-C1228b, Klinikgatan 28, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf J Nilsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Faculty of Science, Naturvetarvägen 14, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tihomir Tomašič
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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4
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Hassan M, Baussière F, Guzelj S, Sundin AP, Håkansson M, Kovačič R, Leffler H, Tomašič T, Anderluh M, Jakopin Ž, Nilsson UJ. Structure-Guided Design of d-Galactal Derivatives with High Affinity and Selectivity for the Galectin-8 N-Terminal Domain. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:1745-1752. [PMID: 34795863 PMCID: PMC8592027 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-8 is a carbohydrate-binding protein that plays a crucial role in tumor progression and metastasis, antibacterial autophagy, modulation of the immune system, and bone remodeling. The design, synthesis, and protein affinity evaluation of a set of C-3 substituted benzimidazole and quinoline d-galactal derivatives identified a d-galactal-benzimidazole hybrid as a selective ligand for the galectin-8 N-terminal domain (galectin-8N), with a K d of 48 μM and 15-fold selectivity over galectin-3 and even better selectivity over the other mammalian galectins. X-ray structural analysis of galectin-8N in complex with one benzimidazole- and one quinoline-galactal derivative at 1.52 and 2.1 Å together with molecular dynamics simulations and quantum mechanical calculations of galectin-8N in complex with the benzimidazole derivative revealed orbital overlap between a NH LUMO of Arg45 with electron rich HOMOs of the olefin and O4 of the d-galactal. Such overlap is hypothesized to contribute to the high affinity of the d-galactal-derived ligands for galectin-8N. A (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3- carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) (MTS) assay evaluation of the d-galactal-benzimidazole hybrid and an analogous galactoside derivative on a panel of cell lines with MTS assay showed no effect on cell viability up to 100 μM concentration. A subsequent functional assay using the MDA-MB-231 cell line demonstrated that the d-galactal-benzimidazole hybrid and the analogous galactoside derivative reduced the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, these compounds represent potential probes for galectin-8N pharmacology investigations and possibly promising leads for the design and synthesis of potent and selective galectin-8 inhibitors as potential antitumor and anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujtaba Hassan
- Centre
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Floriane Baussière
- Centre
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Samo Guzelj
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anders P. Sundin
- Centre
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Håkansson
- SARomics
Biostructures AB, Medicon
Village, SE-223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | - Rebeka Kovačič
- SARomics
Biostructures AB, Medicon
Village, SE-223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Section MIG, Lund
University BMC-C1228b, Klinikgatan 28, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tihomir Tomašič
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Anderluh
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Žiga Jakopin
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ulf J. Nilsson
- Centre
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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5
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Hassan M, van Klaveren S, Håkansson M, Diehl C, Kovačič R, Baussière F, Sundin AP, Dernovšek J, Walse B, Zetterberg F, Leffler H, Anderluh M, Tomašič T, Jakopin Ž, Nilsson UJ. Benzimidazole-galactosides bind selectively to the Galectin-8 N-Terminal domain: Structure-based design and optimisation. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 223:113664. [PMID: 34225180 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We have obtained the X-ray crystal structure of the galectin-8 N-terminal domain (galectin-8N) with a previously reported quinoline-galactoside ligand at a resolution of 1.6 Å. Based on this X-ray structure, a collection of galactosides derivatised at O3 with triazole, benzimidazole, benzothiazole, and benzoxazole moieties were designed and synthesised. This led to the discovery of a 3-O-(N-methylbenzimidazolylmethyl)-galactoside with a Kd of 1.8 μM for galectin-8N, the most potent selective synthetic galectin-8N ligand to date. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that benzimidazole-galactoside derivatives bind the non-conserved amino acid Gln47, accounting for the higher selectivity for galectin-8N. Galectin-8 is a carbohydrate-binding protein that plays a key role in pathological lymphangiogenesis, modulation of the immune system, and autophagy. Thus, the benzimidazole-derivatised galactosides represent promising compounds for studies of the pathological implications of galectin-8, as well as a starting point for the development of anti-tumour and anti-inflammatory therapeutics targeting galectin-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujtaba Hassan
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sjors van Klaveren
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maria Håkansson
- SARomics Biostructures AB, Medicon Village, SE-223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Carl Diehl
- SARomics Biostructures AB, Medicon Village, SE-223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rebeka Kovačič
- SARomics Biostructures AB, Medicon Village, SE-223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Floriane Baussière
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders P Sundin
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jaka Dernovšek
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Björn Walse
- SARomics Biostructures AB, Medicon Village, SE-223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Zetterberg
- Galecto Biotech AB, Sahlgrenska Science Park, Medicinaregatan 8 A, SE-413 46, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section MIG, Lund University BMC-C1228b, Klinikgatan 28, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marko Anderluh
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tihomir Tomašič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Žiga Jakopin
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ulf J Nilsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
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6
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Li W, Sancho A, Chung WL, Vinik Y, Groll J, Zick Y, Medalia O, Bershadsky AD, Geiger B. Differential cellular responses to adhesive interactions with galectin-8- and fibronectin-coated substrates. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs252221. [PMID: 33722978 PMCID: PMC8106957 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.252221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the cellular response to extracellular matrices (ECMs) that consist of multiple adhesive ligands are still poorly understood. Here, we address this topic by monitoring specific cellular responses to two different extracellular adhesion molecules - the main integrin ligand fibronectin and galectin-8, a lectin that binds β-galactoside residues - as well as to mixtures of the two proteins. Compared with cell spreading on fibronectin, cell spreading on galectin-8-coated substrates resulted in increased projected cell area, more-pronounced extension of filopodia and, yet, the inability to form focal adhesions and stress fibers. These differences can be partially reversed by experimental manipulations of small G-proteins of the Rho family and their downstream targets, such as formins, the Arp2/3 complex and Rho kinase. We also show that the physical adhesion of cells to galectin-8 was stronger than adhesion to fibronectin. Notably, galectin-8 and fibronectin differently regulate cell spreading and focal adhesion formation, yet act synergistically to upregulate the number and length of filopodia. The physiological significance of the coherent cellular response to a molecularly complex matrix is discussed. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhong Li
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Ana Sancho
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, 97070, Germany
- Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, San Sebastian, 20018, Spain
| | - Wen-Lu Chung
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Yaron Vinik
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, 97070, Germany
| | - Yehiel Zick
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Ohad Medalia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Alexander D. Bershadsky
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411 Singapore
| | - Benjamin Geiger
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
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7
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Targeting galectins in T cell-based immunotherapy within tumor microenvironment. Life Sci 2021; 277:119426. [PMID: 33785342 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few years, tumor immunotherapy has emerged as an innovative tumor treatment and owned incomparable advantages over other tumor therapy. With unique complexity and uncertainty, immunotherapy still need helper to apply in the clinic. Galectins, modulated in tumor microenvironment, can regulate the disorders of innate and adaptive immune system resisting tumor growth. Considering the role of galectins in tumor immunosuppression, combination therapy of targeted anti-galectins and immunotherapy may be a promising tumor treatment. This brief review summarizes the expression and immune functions of different galectins in tumor microenvironment and discusses the potential value of anti-galectins in combination with checkpoint inhibitors in tumor immunotherapy.
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Arciniegas E, Carrillo LM, Rojas H, Pineda J, Ramírez R, Reyes O, Chopite M, Rocheta A. Plump endothelial cells integrated into pre-existing venules contribute to the formation of 'mother' and 'daughter' vessels in pyogenic granuloma: possible role of galectin-1, -3 and -8. Scars Burn Heal 2021; 7:2059513120986687. [PMID: 33796337 PMCID: PMC7841855 DOI: 10.1177/2059513120986687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pyogenic granuloma (PG) is a reactive inflammatory vascular lesion of the skin and mucous membranes, characterised by the presence of enlarged venules and seamed and seamless capillaries with plump endothelial cells (EC), and numerous macrophages. EC activation upregulates the synthesis of galectins and induces their translocation to the EC surface promoting angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, particularly galectin-1 (Gal-1), Gal-3 and Gal-8. However, the presence and distribution of Gal-1, -3 and -8, as well as their implications in the pathogenesis of PG, has not been considered. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight biopsies from patients diagnosed with PG were selected. The presence of PECAM-1/CD31, IL-1β, VEGF-C, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3, integrin β1, CD44, fibronectin and Gal-1, -3 and -8 was assessed by immunofluorescence staining using confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Immunostaining revealed that these molecules were present in the enlarged venules with plump ECs, in some macrophages and other immune cells. We propose that macrophages release VEGF-A and VEGF-C inducing VEGFR-2/VEGFR-3 expression and activation, leading macrophages to transdifferentiate into plump ECs that might integrate into pre-existing venules, contributing to the formation of enlarged venules with transluminal bridges and capillaries. EC activation, induced by certain cytokines, has been shown to stimulate galectin expression and changes in the cellular localisation through association and activation of specific EC surface glycoproteins. Therefore, it is plausible that Gal-1, -3 and -8, acting in a concerted manner, could be mediating the transdifferentiation of macrophages into plump ECs and facilitating their migration and incorporation into the new vessels. LAY SUMMARY In this study, immunostaining of pyogenic granuloma (PG) tissue sections showed immunoreactivity for PECAM-1/CD31, IL-1β, VEGF-C, VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3, and galectin-1, -3 and -8 in enlarged venules with plump endothelial cells (EC), as well as in some macrophages and other immune cells. Interestingly, enlarged and thin-walled transient vessels lined by PECAM-1/CD31 and VEGFR-2 immunopositive ECs that form from pre-existing normal venules in response to VEGF-A (called 'mother' vessels [MV]) and that undergo intraluminal bridging evolving into various types of capillaries (called 'daughter' vessels [DV]) have been observed in benign and malignant tumours, in physiological and pathological angiogenesis as well as in vascular malformations, suggesting an important role for VEGF-A and VEGFR-2 in such a process. However, it is not only the mechanisms by which the MVs evolve in different types of DVs that remains to be elucidated, but also whether the cells that form intraluminal bridges proceed from locally activated ECs or whether they are derived from bone marrow precursors or from resident macrophages.Given that the formation of homodimers by Gal-1 and Gal-8 and pentamers by Gal-3 to generate gal-glycan lattices at the cell surface and in the extracellular space has been shown, it is possible that in PG tissue Gal-1, -3 and -8, through their binding partners, form a supramolecular structure at the surface of ECs and plump ECs, macrophages and in the extracellular space that might be mediating the transdifferentiation of macrophages into plump ECs and facilitating the migration and incorporation of these cells into the pre-existing venules, thus contributing to the formation of MVs and DVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Arciniegas
- Institute of Biomedicine, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Luz Marina Carrillo
- Institute of Biomedicine, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
- Autonomus Service Institute of Biomedicine, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Héctor Rojas
- Institute of Immunology, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Jacinto Pineda
- Institute of Anatomy and Pathology, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Richard Ramírez
- Autonomus Service Institute of Biomedicine, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Oscar Reyes
- Autonomus Service Institute of Biomedicine, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Marina Chopite
- Autonomus Service Institute of Biomedicine, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Albani Rocheta
- Autonomus Service Institute of Biomedicine, Caracas, Venezuela
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9
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Full-length galectin-8 and separate carbohydrate recognition domains: the whole is greater than the sum of its parts? Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:1255-1268. [PMID: 32597487 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-8 (Gal-8) is a tandem-repeat type galectin with affinity for β-galactosides, bearing two carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD) connected by a linker peptide. The N- and C-terminal domains (Gal-8N and Gal-8C) share 35% homology, and their glycan ligand specificity is notably dissimilar: while Gal-8N shows strong affinity for α(2-3)-sialylated oligosaccharides, Gal-8C has higher affinity for non-sialylated oligosaccharides, including poly-N-acetyllactosamine and/ or A and B blood group structures. Particularly relevant for understanding the biological role of this lectin, full-length Gal-8 can bind cell surface glycoconjugates with broader affinity than the isolated Gal-8N and Gal-8C domains, a trait also described for other tandem-repeat galectins. Herein, we aim to discuss the potential use of separate CRDs in modelling tandem-repeat galectin-8 and its biological functions. For this purpose, we will cover several aspects of the structure-function relationship of this protein including crystallographic structures, glycan specificity, cell function and biological roles, with the ultimate goal of understanding the potential role of each CRD in predicting full-length Gal-8 involvement in relevant biological processes.
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10
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Ferragut F, Cagnoni AJ, Colombo LL, Sánchez Terrero C, Wolfenstein-Todel C, Troncoso MF, Vanzulli SI, Rabinovich GA, Mariño KV, Elola MT. Dual knockdown of Galectin-8 and its glycosylated ligand, the activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM/CD166), synergistically delays in vivo breast cancer growth. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:1338-1352. [PMID: 30905597 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-8 (Gal-8), a 'tandem-repeat'-type galectin, has been described as a modulator of cellular functions including adhesion, spreading, growth arrest, apoptosis, pathogen recognition, autophagy, and immunomodulation. We have previously shown that activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), also known as CD166, serves as a receptor for endogenous Gal-8. ALCAM is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily involved in cell-cell adhesion through homophilic (ALCAM-ALCAM) and heterophilic (i.e. ALCAM-CD6) interactions in different tissues. Here we investigated the physiologic relevance of ALCAM-Gal-8 association and glycosylation-dependent mechanisms governing these interactions. We found that silencing of ALCAM in MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cancer cells decreases cell adhesion and migration onto Gal-8-coated surfaces in a glycan-dependent fashion. Remarkably, either Gal-8 or ALCAM silencing also disrupted cell-cell adhesion, and led to reduced tumor growth in a murine model of triple negative breast cancer. Moreover, structural characterization of endogenous ALCAM N-glycosylation showed abundant permissive structures for Gal-8 binding. Importantly, we also found that cell sialylation controls Gal-8-mediated cell adhesion. Altogether, these findings demonstrate a central role of either ALCAM or Gal-8 (or both) in controlling triple negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Ferragut
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro Paladini (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro J Cagnoni
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas L Colombo
- Área de Investigación, Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Clara Sánchez Terrero
- Centro Oncológico de Medicina Nuclear, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica-Hospital Oncológico Ángel H. Roffo, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlota Wolfenstein-Todel
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro Paladini (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María F Troncoso
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro Paladini (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia I Vanzulli
- Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas (IIHEMA), Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina V Mariño
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María T Elola
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro Paladini (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Weinmann D, Kenn M, Schmidt S, Schmidt K, Walzer SM, Kubista B, Windhager R, Schreiner W, Toegel S, Gabius HJ. Galectin-8 induces functional disease markers in human osteoarthritis and cooperates with galectins-1 and -3. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:4187-4205. [PMID: 29934665 PMCID: PMC6182346 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2856-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The reading of glycan-encoded signals by tissue lectins is considered a major route of the flow of biological information in many (patho)physiological processes. The arising challenge for current research is to proceed from work on a distinct protein to family-wide testing of lectin function. Having previously identified homodimeric galectin-1 and chimera-type galectin-3 as molecular switches in osteoarthritis progression, we here provide proof-of-principle evidence for an intra-network cooperation of galectins with three types of modular architecture. We show that the presence of tandem-repeat-type galectin-8 significantly correlated with cartilage degeneration and that it is secreted by osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Glycan-inhibitable surface binding of galectin-8 to these cells increased gene transcription and the secretion of functional disease markers. The natural variant galectin-8 (F19Y) was less active than the prevalent form. Genome-wide array analysis revealed induction of a pro-degradative/inflammatory gene signature, largely under control of NF-κB signaling. This signature overlapped with respective gene-expression patterns elicited by galectins-1 and -3, but also presented supplementary features. Functional assays with mixtures of galectins that mimic the pathophysiological status unveiled cooperation between the three galectins. Our findings shape the novel concept to consider individual galectins as part of a so far not realized teamwork in osteoarthritis pathogenesis, with relevance beyond this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Weinmann
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Kenn
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Institute of Biosimulation and Bioinformatics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Schmidt
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katy Schmidt
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department for Cell and Developmental Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja M Walzer
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernd Kubista
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Windhager
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Schreiner
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Institute of Biosimulation and Bioinformatics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Toegel
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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