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Nisha, Singh S, Sharma N, Chandra R. The indole nucleus as a selective COX-2 inhibitor and anti-inflammatory agent (2011–2022). Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00534d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Anti-inflammatory bioactivity of diversely substituted indole derivatives, mainly N-1 and C-3 substituted indoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha
- Drug Discovery and Development Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Snigdha Singh
- Drug Discovery and Development Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Neera Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Hindu College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Drug Discovery and Development Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
- Dr B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research (ACBR), University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
- Institute of Nanomedical Science (INMS), University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
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2
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Kim HJ, Im DU, Chau GC, Mishra NK, Kim IS, Um SH. Novel anti-adipogenic effect of CF 3-allylated indole in 3T3-L1 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 352:109782. [PMID: 34932954 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Indole derivatives from various plants are known to have health benefits because of their anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tubercular effects. However, their effects on adipogenesis have not been fully elucidated yet. Herein, we show that a newly synthesized indole derivative, CF3-allylated indole, [(E)-1-(pyrimidin- 2-yl)-2-(4,4,4- trifluorobut-2-enyl)-1H-indole], effectively inhibits adipogenesis. We found that CF3-allylated indole inhibited lipid accumulation and suppressed the expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in 3T3-L1 cells. The inhibitory effect of CF3-allylated indole primarily occurred at the early phase of adipocyte differentiation by increasing intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels and enhancing protein kinase A (PKA) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling. Conversely, depletion of PKA or treatment with a protein kinase A inhibitor (H89) reversed such inhibitory effects of CF3-allylated indole on adipogenesis and PPARγ expression. These results suggest that CF3-allylated indole inhibits early stages of adipogenesis by increasing phosphorylation of PKA/AMPK, leading to decreased expression of adipogenic genes in 3T3-L1 cells. These results indicate that CF3-allylated indole has potential for controlling initial adipocyte differentiation in metabolic disorders such as obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jung Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Uk Im
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Gia Cac Chau
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Neeraj Kumar Mishra
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - In Su Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Hee Um
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Institute Convergence at Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Synthesis and cyclization of β-keto-enol derivatives tethered indole and pyrazole as potential antimicrobial and anticancer activity. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-018-1362-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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4
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Mayuri P, Huang ST, Mani V, Kumar AS. A new organic redox species-indole tetraone trapped MWCNT modified electrode prepared by in-situ electrochemical oxidation of indole for a bifunctional electrocatalysis and simultaneous flow injection electroanalysis of hydrazine and hydrogen peroxide. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.02.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Ensch M, Maldonado VY, Swain GM, Rechenberg R, Becker MF, Schuelke T, Rusinek CA. Isatin Detection Using a Boron-Doped Diamond 3-in-1 Sensing Platform. Anal Chem 2018; 90:1951-1958. [PMID: 29298039 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Boron-doped diamond (BDD) is a promising electrochemical tool that exhibits excellent chemical sensitivity and stability. These intrinsic advantages coupled with the material's vast microfabrication flexibility make BDD an attractive sensing device. In this study, two different 3-in-1 BDD electrode sensors were fabricated, characterized, and investigated for their capability to detect isatin, an anxiogenic indole that possesses anticonvulsant activity. Each device was comprised of a working, reference, and auxiliary electrode, all made of BDD. Two different working electrode geometries were studied, a 2 mm diameter macroelectrode (MAC) and a microelectrode array (MEA). The BDD quasi-reference electrode was studied by measuring its potential against a traditional Ag/AgCl reference electrode. While the potential shifted as a function of solution pH, a miniscule potential drift was observed when holding the solution pH constant. Specifically, the BDD quasi-reference electrode had a potential of -0.2 V (vs Ag/AgCl) in a pH 7 solution, and this remained stable for a 30-h time period. For the detection of isatin, solutions were analyzed using both sensors in pH 7.4 phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Using the MEA sensor, the limit of detection (LOD, (3σ)/m) for isatin was found to be 0.04 μM; an increase to 0.22 μM was observed with the MAC sensor. These results were compared to those obtained from UV-vis spectrophotometry, where a 0.57 μM LOD was observed. The feasibility for use in a complex sample matrix was also examined by completing measurements in urine simulant. The results presented herein indicate that both 3-in-1 BDD sensors are applicable at low limits of detection with potential application as an electrochemical detector for chromatographic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ensch
- Fraunhofer USA, Inc. Center for Coatings and Diamond Technologies, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1226, United States.,Michigan State University , Department of Chemical Engineering, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1226, United States
| | - Vanessa Y Maldonado
- Escuela Politecnica Nacional (EPN) , Department of Chemical Engineering, Quito, 170517, Ecuador.,Michigan State University , Department of Chemistry, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1226, United States
| | - Greg M Swain
- Michigan State University , Department of Chemistry, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1226, United States
| | - Robert Rechenberg
- Fraunhofer USA, Inc. Center for Coatings and Diamond Technologies, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1226, United States
| | - Michael F Becker
- Fraunhofer USA, Inc. Center for Coatings and Diamond Technologies, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1226, United States
| | - Thomas Schuelke
- Fraunhofer USA, Inc. Center for Coatings and Diamond Technologies, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1226, United States.,Michigan State University , Department of Chemical Engineering, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1226, United States.,Michigan State University , Department Electrical and Computer Engineering, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1226, United States
| | - Cory A Rusinek
- Fraunhofer USA, Inc. Center for Coatings and Diamond Technologies, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1226, United States
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Hicks MB, Salituro L, Mangion I, Schafer W, Xiang R, Gong X, Welch CJ. Assessment of coulometric array electrochemical detection coupled with HPLC-UV for the absolute quantitation of pharmaceuticals. Analyst 2017; 142:525-536. [PMID: 28098264 DOI: 10.1039/c6an02432g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of a coulometric array detector in tandem with HPLC-UV was evaluated for the absolute quantitation of pharmaceutical compounds without standards, an important capability gap in contemporary pharmaceutical research and development. The high-efficiency LC flow-through electrochemical detector system allows for the rapid evaluation of up to 16 different potentials, aiding in the identification and quantitation of electrochemically reactive species. By quantifying the number of electrons added or removed from an analyte during its passage through the detector, the number of moles of the analyte can be established. Herein we demonstrate that molecules containing common electroactive functional groups (e.g. anilines, phenols, parabens and tertiary alkyl amines) can in some cases be reliably quantified in HPLC-EC-UV without the need for authentic standards. Furthermore, the multichannel nature of the CoulArray detector makes it well suited for optimizing the conditions for electrochemical reaction, allowing the impact of changes in potential, flow rate, temperature and pH to be conveniently studied. The electrochemical oxidation of albacivir, zomepirac, diclofenac, rosiglitazone and several other marketed drugs resulted in large linear ranges, predictable recoveries and excellent quantitation using the total moles of electrons and back-calculating using Faraday's law. Importantly, we observed several instances where subtle structural changes within a given class of molecules (e.g. aromatic ring isomers) led to unanticipated changes in electrochemical behavior. Consequently, some care should be taken when applying the technique to the routine quantitation of compound libraries where standards are not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Hicks
- Department of Process & Analytical Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
| | - Leah Salituro
- Department of Process & Analytical Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
| | - Ian Mangion
- Department of Process & Analytical Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
| | - Wes Schafer
- Department of Process & Analytical Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department of Process & Analytical Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
| | - Xiaoyi Gong
- Department of Process & Analytical Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
| | - Christopher J Welch
- Department of Process & Analytical Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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7
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Arenas A, López-Alarcón C, Kogan M, Lissi E, Davies MJ, Silva E. Chemical Modification of Lysozyme, Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase, and Bovine Eye Lens Proteins Induced by Peroxyl Radicals: Role of Oxidizable Amino Acid Residues. Chem Res Toxicol 2013; 26:67-77. [DOI: 10.1021/tx300372t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Arenas
- Departamento
de Química
Física, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Vicuña
Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camilo López-Alarcón
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad
de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago,
Chile
| | - Marcelo Kogan
- Departamento de Química
Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Sergio Livingstone Pohlhammer 1007, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Lissi
- Facultad de Química y
Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - Michael J. Davies
- The Heart Research Institute, Newtown, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Eduardo Silva
- Departamento
de Química
Física, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Vicuña
Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile
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8
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Singla N, Chowdhury P. Role of hydrogen bonding in excited state intramolecular proton transfer of Indole-7-Carboxaldehyde: A theoretical and experimental study. Chem Phys Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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