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Chen M, Xu J, Xu S, Song P, Wang J. Itraconazole plus 640 nm high-power red-light combination therapy for recalcitrant ulcers associated with Talaromyces marneffei infection. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2023; 0:1-3. [PMID: 38031695 DOI: 10.25259/ijdvl_868_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- MingHua Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengmei Xu
- Department of Pathology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Pengfei Song
- Department of Dermatology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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2
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Sephton-Clark P, Nguyen T, Hoa NT, Ashton P, van Doorn HR, Ly VT, Le T, Cuomo CA. Impact of pathogen genetics on clinical phenotypes in a population of Talaromyces marneffei from Vietnam. Genetics 2023; 224:iyad100. [PMID: 37226893 PMCID: PMC10411598 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Talaromycosis, a severe and invasive fungal infection caused by Talaromyces marneffei, is difficult to treat and impacts those living in endemic regions of Southeast Asia, India, and China. While 30% of infections result in mortality, our understanding of the genetic basis of pathogenesis for this fungus is limited. To address this, we apply population genomics and genome-wide association study approaches to a cohort of 336 T. marneffei isolates collected from patients who enrolled in the Itraconazole vs Amphotericin B for Talaromycosis trial in Vietnam. We find that isolates from northern and southern Vietnam form two distinct geographical clades, with isolates from southern Vietnam associated with increased disease severity. Leveraging longitudinal isolates, we identify multiple instances of disease relapse linked to unrelated strains, highlighting the potential for multistrain infections. In more frequent cases of persistent talaromycosis caused by the same strain, we identify variants arising over the course of patient infections that impact genes predicted to function in the regulation of gene expression and secondary metabolite production. By combining genetic variant data with patient metadata for all 336 isolates, we identify pathogen variants significantly associated with multiple clinical phenotypes. In addition, we identify genes and genomic regions under selection across both clades, highlighting loci undergoing rapid evolution, potentially in response to external pressures. With this combination of approaches, we identify links between pathogen genetics and patient outcomes and identify genomic regions that are altered during T. marneffei infection, providing an initial view of how pathogen genetics affects disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poppy Sephton-Clark
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Thu Nguyen
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ngo Thi Hoa
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Oxford University, Ho Chi Minh City 749000, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX37LG, UK
- Microbiology department and Biological Research Center, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City 740500, Vietnam
| | - Philip Ashton
- Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Institute of Infection, University of Liverpool, Liverpool CH647TE, UK
| | - H Rogier van Doorn
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX37LG, UK
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Oxford University, Hanoi 113000, Vietnam
| | - Vo Trieu Ly
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX37LG, UK
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City 749000, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Le
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Tropical Medicine Research Center for Talaromycosis, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City 740500, Vietnam
| | - Christina A Cuomo
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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3
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Zhong J, Liu Y, Luo N, Wei Q, Su Q, Zou J, Wu X, Huang X, Jiang Y, Liang L, Li H, Lin J. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing for rapid detection of pulmonary infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2023; 22:57. [PMID: 37430367 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-023-00608-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is associated with a high rate of pulmonary infections (bacteria, fungi, and viruses). To overcome the low sensitivity and long turnaround time of traditional laboratory-based diagnostic strategies, we adopted metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) technology to identify and classify pathogens. RESULTS This study enrolled 75 patients with AIDS and suspected pulmonary infections who were admitted to Nanning Fourth People's Hospital. Specimens were collected for traditional microbiological testing and mNGS-based diagnosis. The diagnostic yields of the two methods were compared to evaluate the diagnostic value (detection rate and turn around time) of mNGS for infections with unknown causative agent. Accordingly, 22 cases (29.3%) had a positive culture and 70 (93.3%) had positive valve mNGS results (P value < 0.0001, Chi-square test). Meanwhile, 15 patients with AIDS showed concordant results between the culture and mNGS, whereas only one 1 patient showed concordant results between Giemsa-stained smear screening and mNGS. In addition, mNGS identified multiple microbial infections (at least three pathogens) in almost 60.0% of patients with AIDS. More importantly, mNGS was able to detect a large variety of pathogens from patient tissue displaying potential infection and colonization, while culture results remained negative. There were 18 members of pathogens which were consistently detected in patients with and without AIDS. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, mNGS analysis provides fast and precise pathogen detection and identification, contributing substantially to the accurate diagnosis, real-time monitoring, and treatment appropriateness of pulmonary infection in patients with AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhong
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China.
| | - Yanfen Liu
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Na Luo
- NanNing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Qiu Wei
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Qisi Su
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Jun Zou
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaozhong Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | | | - Yuting Jiang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Lijuan Liang
- Nanning Yunju Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Nanning, China
| | - Hongmian Li
- The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China.
| | - Jianyan Lin
- The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China.
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4
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Hakeem SC, Kulirankal KG, Mary A, Moni M, Sathyapalan DT. Penicilliosis in a Non-HIV Patient: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e37484. [PMID: 37064726 PMCID: PMC10101194 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A 68-year-old female, with a known case of mantle cell lymphoma, came with complaints of persistent cough with expectoration for three months, not responding to multiple courses of antibiotics. Bronchoscopy was done and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) culture revealed Penicillium species. She was started on IV liposomal amphotericin B for 14 days and then switched to oral itraconazole which showed a response to treatment. Early diagnosis of penicilliosis and prompt treatment are important as it is rare and associated with a high mortality rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Chandra Hakeem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Kochi, IND
| | - Kiran G Kulirankal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Kochi, IND
| | - Ann Mary
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Kochi, IND
| | - Merlin Moni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Kochi, IND
| | - Dipu T Sathyapalan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Kochi, IND
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Sephton-Clark P, Nguyen T, Hoa NT, Ashton P, van Doorn HR, Ly VT, Le T, Cuomo CA. Impact of pathogen genetics on clinical phenotypes in a population of Talaromyces marneffei from Vietnam. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.30.534926. [PMID: 37034632 PMCID: PMC10081260 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.30.534926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Talaromycosis, a severe and invasive fungal infection caused by Talaromyces marneffei , is difficult to treat and impacts those living in endemic regions of southeast Asia, India, and China. While 30% of infections result in mortality, our understanding of the genetic basis of pathogenesis for this fungus is limited. To address this, we apply population genomics and genome wide association study approaches to a cohort of 336 T. marneffei isolates collected from patients who enrolled in the Itraconazole versus Amphotericin B for Talaromycosis (IVAP) trial in Vietnam. We find that isolates from northern and southern Vietnam form two distinct geographical clades, with isolates from southern Vietnam associated with increased disease severity. Leveraging longitudinal isolates, we identify multiple instances of disease relapse linked to unrelated strains, highlighting the potential for multi-strain infections. In more frequent cases of persistent talaromycosis caused by the same strain, we identify variants arising over the course of patient infections that impact genes predicted to function in the regulation of gene expression and secondary metabolite production. By combining genetic variant data with patient metadata for all 336 isolates, we identify pathogen variants significantly associated with multiple clinical phenotypes. In addition, we identify genes and genomic regions under selection across both clades, highlighting loci undergoing rapid evolution, potentially in response to external pressures. With this combination of approaches, we identify links between pathogen genetics and patient outcomes and identify genomic regions that are altered during T. marneffei infection, providing an initial view of how pathogen genetics affects disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poppy Sephton-Clark
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA 02142
| | - Thu Nguyen
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA 27710
| | - Ngo Thi Hoa
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom OX37LG
- Microbiology department and Biological Research Center, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Philip Ashton
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK CH647TE
| | - H. Rogier van Doorn
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom OX37LG
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vo Trieu Ly
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom OX37LG
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Le
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA 27710
- Tropical Medicine Research Center for Talaromycosis, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Christina A. Cuomo
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA 02142
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Wang F, Han R, Chen S. An Overlooked and Underrated Endemic Mycosis-Talaromycosis and the Pathogenic Fungus Talaromyces marneffei. Clin Microbiol Rev 2023; 36:e0005122. [PMID: 36648228 PMCID: PMC10035316 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00051-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Talaromycosis is an invasive mycosis endemic in tropical and subtropical Asia and is caused by the pathogenic fungus Talaromyces marneffei. Approximately 17,300 cases of T. marneffei infection are diagnosed annually, and the reported mortality rate is extremely high (~1/3). Despite the devastating impact of talaromycosis on immunocompromised individuals, particularly HIV-positive persons, and the increase in reported occurrences in HIV-uninfected persons, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for talaromycosis have received far too little attention worldwide. In 2021, scientists living in countries where talaromycosis is endemic raised a global demand for it to be recognized as a neglected tropical disease. Therefore, T. marneffei and the infectious disease induced by this fungus must be treated with concern. T. marneffei is a thermally dimorphic saprophytic fungus with a complicated mycological growth process that may produce various cell types in its life cycle, including conidia, hyphae, and yeast, all of which are associated with its pathogenicity. However, understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of T. marneffei has been limited until recently. To achieve a holistic view of T. marneffei and talaromycosis, the current knowledge about talaromycosis and research breakthroughs regarding T. marneffei growth biology are discussed in this review, along with the interaction of the fungus with environmental stimuli and the host immune response to fungal infection. Importantly, the future research directions required for understanding this serious infection and its causative pathogenic fungus are also emphasized to identify solutions that will alleviate the suffering of susceptible individuals worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, Biomedical Research Center, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - RunHua Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Shi Chen
- Intensive Care Unit, Biomedical Research Center, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Biomedical Research Center, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Meng S, Tang Q, Xie Z, Wu N, Qin Y, Chen R, Chen X, Chen X, Li Y, Shi M, Ye L, Liang H, Jiang J, Zhou B, Lin J. Spectrum and mortality of opportunistic infections among HIV/AIDS patients in southwestern China. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 42:113-120. [PMID: 36413338 PMCID: PMC9816182 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-022-04528-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We describe the opportunistic infections (OIs) of HIV/AIDS to understand the spectrum, mortality, and frequency of multiple coinfected OIs among HIV/AIDS patients in southern China, where OIs are severe. We carried out a retrospective cohort study of hospitalized HIV-infected individuals at the Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Guangxi, China, from Jan. 2011 to May. 2019. The chi-square test was used to analyze cross-infection; the Kaplan‒Meier analysis was used to compare mortality. A total of 12,612 HIV-infected patients were admitted to this cohort study. Among them, 8982 (71.2%) developed one or more OIs. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 9.0%. Among the patients, 35.6% coinfected one OI, and 64.4% coinfected more than two OIs simultaneously. Almost half of the patients (60.6%) had CD4 + T-cell counts < 200 cells/μL. Pneumonia (39.8%), tuberculosis (35.3%), and candidiasis (28.8%) were the most common OIs. Coinfected cryptococcal meningitis and dermatitis are the most common combined OIs. The rate of anaemia (17.0%) was highest among those common HIV-associated complications. Multiple OIs are commonly found in hospitalized HIV/AIDS patients in southwestern China, which highlights the need for improved diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirun Meng
- The Fourth People’s Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, 530023 Guangxi China
| | - Qiao Tang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
| | - Zhiman Xie
- The Fourth People’s Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, 530023 Guangxi China
| | - Nianning Wu
- The Fourth People’s Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, 530023 Guangxi China
| | - Yingmei Qin
- The Fourth People’s Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, 530023 Guangxi China
| | - Rongfeng Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- The Fourth People’s Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, 530023 Guangxi China
| | - Xiu Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
| | - Yueqi Li
- Joint Laboratory for Emerging Infections Diseases in China (Guangxi)-ASEAN, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi China
| | - Minjuan Shi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
| | - Li Ye
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
| | - Hao Liang
- Joint Laboratory for Emerging Infections Diseases in China (Guangxi)-ASEAN, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi China
| | - Junjun Jiang
- The Fourth People’s Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, 530023 Guangxi China ,Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
| | - Jianyan Lin
- The Fourth People’s Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, 530023 Guangxi China
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Peng L, Shi YB, Zheng L, Hu LQ, Weng XB. Clinical features of patients with talaromycosis marneffei and microbiological characteristics of the causative strains. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24737. [PMID: 36268985 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Talaromyces marneffei (T. marneffei) is a temperature-dependent dimorphic fungus that is mainly prevalent in Southeast Asia and South China and often causes disseminated life-threatening infections. This study aimed to investigate the clinical features and improve the early diagnosis of talaromycosis marneffei in nonendemic areas. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of six cases of T. marneffei infection. We describe the clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, and imaging manifestations of the six patients. RESULTS Talaromyces marneffei infection was confirmed by sputum culture, blood culture, tissue biopsy, and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). In this study, there were five disseminated-type patients and two HIV patients. One patient died within 24 h, and the others demonstrated considerable improvement after definitive diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Due to the lack of significant clinical presentations of talaromycosis marneffei, many cases may be easily misdiagnosed in nonendemic areas. It is particularly important to analyze the imaging manifestations and laboratory findings of infected patients. With the rapid development of molecular biology, mNGS may be a rapid and effective diagnostic method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Peng
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yu-Bo Shi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Li-Qing Hu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Xing-Bei Weng
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Department of Medical Laboratory, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
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Feng Y, Bian S, Pang Z, Wen Y, Calderone R, Li D, Shi D. Deletion of Non-histidine Domains of Histidine Kinase CHK1 Diminishes the Infectivity of Candida albicans in an Oral Mucosal Model. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:855651. [PMID: 35531278 PMCID: PMC9069115 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.855651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The histidine kinase (HK) CHK1 and other protein kinases in Candida albicans are key players in the development of hyphae. This study is designed to determine the functional roles of the S_Tkc domain (protein kinase) and the GAF domain of C. albicans CHK1 in hyphal formation and mucosal invasion. Methods The domain mutants CHK25 (ΔS_TkcCHK1/Δchk1) and CHK26 (ΔS_TkcΔgafCHK1/Δchk1) were first constructed by the his1-URA3-his1 method and confirmed by sequencing and Southern blots. A mouse tongue infection model was used to evaluate the hyphal invasion and fungal loads in each domain mutant, full-gene deletion mutant CHK21 (chk1Δ/chk1Δ), re-constituted strain CHK23 (chk1Δ/CHK1), and wild type (WT) from day 1 to day 5. The degree of invasion and damage to the oral mucosa of mice in each strain-infected group was evaluated in vivo and compared with germ tube rate and hyphal formation in vitro. Result When compared with severe mucosal damage and massive hyphal formation in WT- or CHK23-infected mouse tongues, the deletion of S_Tkc domain (CHK25) caused mild mucosal damage, and fungal invasion was eliminated as we observed in full-gene mutant CHK21. However, the deletion of S_Tkc and GAF (CHK26) partially restored the hyphal invasion and mucosal tissue damage that were exhibited in WT and CHK23. Regardless of the in vivo results, the decreased hyphal formation and germ tube in vitro were less apparent and quite similar between CHK25 and CHK26, especially at the late stage of the log phase where CHK26 was closer to WT and CHK23. However, growth defect and hyphal impairment of both domain mutants were similar to CHK21 in the early stages. Conclusion Our data suggest that both protein kinase (S_Tkc) and GAF domains in C. albicans CHK1 are required for hyphal invasiveness in mucosal tissue. The appropriate initiation of cell growth and hyphal formation at the lag phase is likely mediated by these two functional domains of CHK1 to maintain in vivo infectivity of C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Feng
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Shaodong Bian
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Jining No. 1 People’s Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Zhiping Pang
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Jining No. 1 People’s Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Yiyang Wen
- Department of Pathology, Jining No. 1 People’s Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Richard Calderone
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
- *Correspondence: Dongmei Li,
| | - Dongmei Shi
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Jining No. 1 People’s Hospital, Jining, China
- Department of Dermatology, Jining No.1 People’s Hospital, Jining, China
- Dongmei Shi,
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Museal Indoor Air Quality and Public Health: An Integrated Approach for Exhibits Preservation and Ensuring Human Health. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14042462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The quality of the indoor microclimate in museums is a problem of great interest to the contemporary society, given that it is in close connection with the health and comfort of visitors and employees, as well as with the integrity of the exhibits. Taking into account the fact that museums are places that have a special role in the community’s life and therefore attract a very large number of visitors of all ages, a very important issue is to determine the degree of safety that the indoor microclimate presents. Thus, the quality of the indoor microclimate was investigated inside an iconic museum in Romania, dating back to the 19th century, because pollutants from external or internal sources of the building, generated secondary, often anthropogenic, as a tendency to defend/adapt to climate change (CC), contribute to both local and regional pollution, but also lead to challenges in identifying links between air quality (AQ) and and climate change (CC). The methodology used was based on monitoring the main parameters of the microclimate (temperature, relative humidity and CO2) over a period of between October 2020 and March 2021, 21 weeks, as well as on determining the microbiological contamination of the air and some indoor exhibits located in three different areas of the museum. At the same time, the study aims to identify cheap, easy to implement and non-invasive solutions for removing fungi identified on exhibits for long-term preservation and reducing the risk of various pathologies in humans following prolonged exposure. The results obtained show that the indoor microclimate in the old heritage building favours the development of fungi, which have a high degree of contamination of the air (over 800 CFU/m3) and of the exhibits, representing a potential risk for the health of the visitors and museum workers. Thus, six species of yeast and five different fungi genera were identified in the air, while on the exhibits were individualised six fungi genera, a species of yeast and a bacterium. The most viable solution for cleaning materials, prolonging their lifespan and reducing the risk of disease in humans was represented by the use of essential oils (EO). Three essential oils (lavender, mint and lemon) were applied on an exhibit with five different microorganism genera, and it was observed that they have the ability to inhibit the spores from moulds and bacteria, being a very good alternative to the usual chemical treatments that are used in the cultural heritage field.
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Bai Y, Xi D, Chen Q, Shi Z, Wen B, Zhang Q, Zhou Q, Zhang Y, Nong H, Zeng G, Zong S. Characteristics of Talaromyces marneffei with bone destruction in Guangxi Province, China: a retrospective study. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:11491-11500. [PMID: 34786075 PMCID: PMC8581867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical and imaging features of TM mycosis complicated with bone destruction with the aim to improve understanding, diagnosis, and treatment. METHODS Data of hospitalized TM-infected patients with bone destruction from October 2012 to May 2019 were collected. The clinical and imaging features of the disease were comprehensively analyzed. RESULTS All 35 patients were non-HIV infected, but some had underlying co-morbid illnesses. The duration of the disease was 1-36 months (median: 5 months). Fever, anemia, weight loss, and respiratory symptoms were the main clinical manifestations of the patients. There were 18 patients (51.4%) who had bone pain. Peripheral blood leukocyte count increased significantly in 27 patients (77.1%). The neutrophil count increased in 28 patients (80%). C-reactive protein (CRP) and immunoglobulin G levels increased in 93.3% (14/15) and 82.1% (23/28) patients, respectively. The imaging examination showed osteolytic lesions, which were multiple in several bony areas. CONCLUSION Young and middle-aged patients with non-AIDS TM complicated with underlying diseases should be especially cautious in case of occurrence of bone destruction. The main clinical manifestations of patients with TM complicated with bone destruction were pulmonary symptoms and bone and joint pain, which could be accompanied by progressive consumptive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiguang Bai
- Department of Spine Osteopathia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Institute of North Sichuan Medical CollegeNanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Deshuang Xi
- Department of Spine Surgery, Liuzhou Worker Hospital, The Forth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityLiuzhou, China
| | - Qiaoling Chen
- Department of Oncology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Institute of North Sichuan Medical CollegeNanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhuohua Shi
- Department of Spine Osteopathia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Bocheng Wen
- Department of Spine Osteopathia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- College of Public Hygiene of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Guangxi Biological Medicine, Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Emergency, The Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical UniversityMudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Guangxi Biological Medicine, Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Haibin Nong
- Department of Spine Osteopathia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Gaofeng Zeng
- College of Public Hygiene of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shaohui Zong
- Department of Spine Osteopathia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, Guangxi, China
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, Guangxi, China
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12
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Shen Q, Sheng L, Zhang J, Ye J, Zhou J. Analysis of clinical characteristics and prognosis of talaromycosis (with or without human immunodeficiency virus) from a non-endemic area: a retrospective study. Infection 2021; 50:169-178. [PMID: 34351597 PMCID: PMC8340588 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-021-01679-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Talaromyces marneffei (TM) is a pathogenic fungus endemic in Southeast Asia and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive populations, but studies related to non-endemic areas and HIV-negative populations are still limited. Therefore, this study aims to provide more additional evidence for clinical work of talaromycosis. Methods To collect clinical information of patients with talaromycosis admitted to hospitals in Zhejiang Province, China from January 1, 2010 to May 31, 2020, retrospectively analyzed clinical characteristics and prognosis, COX multivariate regression analysis was used for survival analysis. Results A total of 92 patients were enrolled, including 76 males, 73 HIV-positive patients, with an average age of 40.1 ± 13.0. Compared to HIV-positive group, the negative group had higher admission age (47.7 ± 14.6 vs 38.1 ± 11.9, p = 0.003) and lower proportion of male (89.0% vs 57.9%, p = 0.004), there was no significant difference in imaging of lungs. There were significantly more HIV-positive patients in those with pleural effusion (100% vs 69.4%, p = 0.001). COX multivariate regression analysis suggested pleural effusion (HR = 3.220; 95% CI 1.117–9.287; p = 0.030) and HIV infection (HR = 0.057; 95% CI 0.009–0.370; p = 0.003) which were independent predictors of prognosis in patients with talaromycosis. Conclusions In non-endemic areas, clinical symptoms, signs, and laboratory tests of patients with talaromycosis are similar to those in endemic areas. Patients with pleural effusion have lower survival rate, HIV-infected people are less likely to relapse, and there is no significant correlation between extent of lung involvement and survival of infected patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s15010-021-01679-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Shen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lingyan Sheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Junli Zhang
- Department of Liver Infection, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Jian Ye
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jianying Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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13
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Chen X, Jia L, Wu Y, Chang J, Zhang T, Ma Y, Zhang Y. A mass in the upper abdomen derived from Talaromyces marneffei infected lymphadenopathy: a case report. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:750. [PMID: 34348692 PMCID: PMC8336084 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06489-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An upper abdominal mass without tenderness often indicates a benign or malignant tumor once liver or spleen hyperplasia has been excluded. A lymphadenopathic mass from Talaromyces marneffei infection is rare. Case presentation We report the case of a 29-year-old human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected man who presented with an upper abdominal mass and without any symptoms related with infection. Histopathology and next-generation sequencing (NGS) following biopsy of the mass confirmed T. marneffei-infected lymphadenopathy, and the patient was successfully treated with amphotericin B and itraconazole. Conclusions This case report suggests that potential fungal infection should be considered during the diagnostic workup of a mass in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Lin Jia
- Department of Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yongfeng Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jing Chang
- Pathology Diagnostic Center, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yingmin Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing, 100069, China.
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14
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Antifungal Susceptibility Profiles of Olorofim (Formerly F901318) and Currently Available Systemic Antifungals against Mold and Yeast Phases of Talaromyces marneffei. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:AAC.00256-21. [PMID: 33753341 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00256-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro antifungal susceptibility profiling of 32 clinical and environmental Talaromyces marneffei isolates recovered from southern China was performed against olorofim and 7 other systemic antifungals, including amphotericin B, 5-flucytosine, posaconazole, voriconazole, caspofungin, and terbinafine, using CLSI methodology. In comparison, olorofim was the most active antifungal agent against both mold and yeast phases of all tested Talaromyces marneffei isolates, exhibiting an MIC range, MIC50, and MIC90 of 0.0005 to 0.002 μg/ml, 0.0005 μg/ml, and 0.0005 μg/ml, respectively.
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15
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Cheng D, Ding X. Rare misdiagnosed case of penicilliosis marneffei in an immunocompetent patient. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520959484. [PMID: 33100074 PMCID: PMC7607796 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520959484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Penicilliosis marneffei is a rare disease caused by Talaromyces marneffei, which is endemic in Southeast Asian countries, and usually occurs in immunocompromised or immunodeficient hosts. We report an unusual misdiagnosed case of penicilliosis marneffei in an immunocompetent patient from a non-endemic area of China. Case presentation: A 59-year-old man presented to hospital with a cough and progressive hemoptysis for a 3-month period. Clinical characteristics, radiological abnormalities, and prognosis were analyzed. Detailed examinations, chest computed tomography, and bronchoscopy were performed. The patient was misdiagnosed as having lung cancer and provided anti-tumor treatment for 1 month in the early stage. Imaging and bronchoscopy showed a neoplasm in the basal segment in the left lung, but a tissue biopsy did not establish a diagnosis. He subsequently underwent lobectomy for the lesion. The final pathological diagnosis was penicilliosis marneffei based on immunohistochemical staining. He was then prescribed specific anti-fungal treatment of voriconazole 200 mg twice daily for 12 weeks. Conclusion Timely fungal culture and pathological examination of clinical specimens are critical for the diagnosis of penicilliosis marneffei, especially in non-endemic regions and immunocompetent patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Lung Biology Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xuhong Ding
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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16
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Diagnosis of Pulmonary Infections Due to Endemic Fungi. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11050856. [PMID: 34068825 PMCID: PMC8151383 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11050856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endemic mycoses including Histoplasma, Blastomyces, Coccidioides, Paracoccidioides, and Talaromyces are dimorphic fungi that can cause a variety of clinical manifestations, including respiratory infections. Their pulmonary presentations are variable, and diagnosis is often delayed as they can mimic other infectious and non-infectious causes of pulmonary disease. Delay in diagnosis can lead to unnecessary antibiotic use, repeat hospitalizations, and increased morbidity and mortality. The diagnosis of endemic fungal pulmonary infections often relies on multiple diagnostic tests including culture, tissue histopathology, antigen assays, and antibody assays. Due to the increased use of immunosuppressive agents and the widening geographic ranges where these infections are being found, the prevalence of endemic fungal infections is increasing. Physicians need to be aware of the clinical manifestations of pulmonary infections due to endemic fungal in order to ensure that the proper diagnostic work up is obtained promptly. A high index of suspicion is particularly important in patients with suspected pulmonary infections who have failed to improve despite antibiotics in the appropriate setting. We present a review diagnostic testing for pulmonary infections due to endemic mycoses.
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17
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Huang W, Li T, Zhou C, Wei F, Cao C, Jiang J. Voriconazole Versus Amphotericin B as Induction Therapy for Talaromycosis in HIV/AIDS Patients: A Retrospective Study. Mycopathologia 2021; 186:269-276. [PMID: 33616828 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-021-00533-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Disseminated talaromycosis caused by Talaromyces marneffei is a life-threatening opportunistic infection. Although amphotericin B deoxycholate (dAmB) remains the first-line induction treatment, voriconazole can also be used. However, no clinical trials have compared dAmB and voriconazole in the administration of talaromycosis. We retrospectively evaluated the efficacy and safety of voriconazole or dAmB as induction therapy for talaromycosis in HIV-infected patients. We enrolled HIV-infected patients with a confirmed Talaromyces marneffei infection who received intravenous dAmB (0.6 to 0.7 mg/kg daily for 2 weeks) or voriconazole (6 mg/kg every 12 h on day 1 and 4 mg/kg every 12 h afterward) as induction therapy, followed by oral itraconazole as consolidation and maintenance therapy. Drug efficacy was evaluated based on response rate. Drug safety was evaluated based on the occurrence of adverse events. In total, 58 patients who received voriconazole and 82 who received dAmB were enrolled from two hospitals. The voriconazole and dAmB treatment groups had similar response rates at the primary and follow-up efficacy evaluations. However, the durations of induction antifungal therapy and hospital stay were shorter for patients in the voriconazole group than in the dAmB group. Few adverse reactions occurred in either the voriconazole or dAmB group. Our retrospective study indicated that voriconazole is an effective and safe induction antifungal drug for HIV-associated disseminated talaromycosis. The duration of induction treatment with voriconazole was shorter, indicating its potential as a better choice in clinical practice. The duration of voriconazole induction therapy is 11 to 13 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weie Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Changjing Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Baise People's Hospital, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Fanglin Wei
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Cunwei Cao
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jianning Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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18
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Gogia A, Tripathi S, Dass J, Oberoi J, Kakar A. Pancytopenia in a patient with HIV: A diagnosis often missed. Indian J Med Microbiol 2020; 39:136-139. [PMID: 33610248 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A 31 years old male presented with fever, dry cough, weight loss. Patient was found to be HIV positive and was started on empirical Anti-tubercular drugs (ATT). However, his symptoms persisted and he developed pancytopenia along with jaundice, and was shifted to our health care facility for further investigations. The patient has a history of travel to Bali and Thailand a few months ago. Patient was examined and relevant investigations were performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Gogia
- Department of Medicine, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, India.
| | | | - Jasmita Dass
- Department of Haematology, All Indian Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Jaswinder Oberoi
- Department of Microbiology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India.
| | - Atul Kakar
- Department of Medicine, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, India.
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19
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Wei J, Qiu Y, Zeng W, Pan M, Zhang J. Talaromyces marneffei Infection in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients: Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:3811-3816. [PMID: 33122926 PMCID: PMC7591031 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s265479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Talaromyces marneffei is a highly invasive fungus, causing fatal mycosis in patients with or without HIV in Southeast and Eastern Asia. However, its presence in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus is rarely reported. Methods We reported two SLE patients infected by T. marneffei and reviewed other patients reported in the English literature. All cases were pooled for analysis. Results Eleven patients with SLE infected with T. marneffei infection were identified, including the two presented here. Three were male and eight were female; all were HIV negative. All the patients, except two where data were missing, had received immunosuppressants before T. marneffei infection. The main clinical features included fever, cough, lymph node enlargement, gastrointestinal symptoms, and rash. Five patients were misdiagnosed as having SLE exacerbation. T. marneffei was detected via culture or histopathologic analysis, with the fungus most commonly found in the blood. Seven of the 11 patients were successfully treated by timely antifungal therapy with concomitant SLE control, while four patients who did not receive antifungal therapy died. Conclusion T. marneffei infection should be excluded when SLE patients, especially if on long-term immunosuppressants, present with fever, cough, lymph node enlargement, gastrointestinal symptoms, and rash. Controlling the lupus and timely antifungal treatment can improve the outcomes of SLE patients with T. marneffei infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshan Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, Pepole's Republic of China
| | - Ye Qiu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, Pepole's Republic of China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, Pepole's Republic of China
| | - Mianluan Pan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, Pepole's Republic of China
| | - Jianquan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, Pepole's Republic of China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, Pepole's Republic of China
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20
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Tiew PY, Mac Aogain M, Ali NABM, Thng KX, Goh K, Lau KJX, Chotirmall SH. The Mycobiome in Health and Disease: Emerging Concepts, Methodologies and Challenges. Mycopathologia 2020; 185:207-231. [PMID: 31894501 PMCID: PMC7223441 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-019-00413-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fungal disease is an increasingly recognised global clinical challenge associated with high mortality. Early diagnosis of fungal infection remains problematic due to the poor sensitivity and specificity of current diagnostic modalities. Advances in sequencing technologies hold promise in addressing these shortcomings and for improved fungal detection and identification. To translate such emerging approaches into mainstream clinical care will require refinement of current sequencing and analytical platforms, ensuring standardisation and consistency through robust clinical benchmarking and its validation across a range of patient populations. In this state-of-the-art review, we discuss current diagnostic and therapeutic challenges associated with fungal disease and provide key examples where the application of sequencing technologies has potential diagnostic application in assessing the human ‘mycobiome’. We assess how ready access to fungal sequencing may be exploited in broadening our insight into host–fungal interaction, providing scope for clinical diagnostics and the translation of emerging mycobiome research into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Yee Tiew
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Micheál Mac Aogain
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | | | - Kai Xian Thng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Karlyn Goh
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kenny J X Lau
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sanjay H Chotirmall
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore.
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21
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He S, Lv D, Xu Y, Wu X, Lin L. Concurrent infection with Talaromyces marneffei and Cryptococcus neoformans in a patient without HIV infection. Exp Ther Med 2019; 19:160-164. [PMID: 31853286 PMCID: PMC6909663 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A case report of coinfection with Talaromyces marneffei (T. marneffei) and Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans) is presented in a 57-year-old woman with hemolytic anemia who received dexamethasone for 8 years. To the best of our knowledge, this patient was successfully treated with voriconazole. This is the first case of T. marneffei and C. neoformans coinfection in a HIV-negative host. Clinicians should be aware of concomitant infection with T. marneffei and other pathogens in immunocompromised hosts. The current case report highlights the importance of clinician awareness of concurrent infections with T. marneffei and other pathogens in immunosuppressed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susu He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang 317000, P.R. China
| | - Dongqing Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang 317000, P.R. China
| | - Youzu Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang 317000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomai Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang 317000, P.R. China
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang 317000, P.R. China
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22
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Guiguemde KT, Sawadogo PM, Zida A, Cisse M, Sangare I, Bamba S. First case report of Talaromyces marneffei infection in HIV-infected patient in the city of Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). Med Mycol Case Rep 2019; 26:10-12. [PMID: 31667051 PMCID: PMC6812044 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Talaromycosis is endemic in Southeast Asia and is commonly described in HIV-infected patients. We describe the first case of Talaromycosis in HIV-infected patient in Burkina Faso. This is an 83-year-old man with skin lesions on the right foot. The thick scales were used for the mycological examination. Microscopic examination of growth allowed isolation of Talaromyces marneffei in its yeast and mold forms. The patient was treated successfully with Itraconazole (400 mg/day) for 8 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiswendsida Thierry Guiguemde
- Medical Analysis Laboratory, Charles-De-Gaulle Pediatric University Hospital Center, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.,Laboratory of Parasitology-Mycology, Joseph Ki-Zerbo University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Adama Zida
- Laboratory of Parasitology-Mycology, Joseph Ki-Zerbo University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Mamadou Cisse
- Department of Parasitology-Mycology, Higher Institute of Health Sciences (INSSA), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Ibrahim Sangare
- Department of Parasitology-Mycology, Higher Institute of Health Sciences (INSSA), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Sanata Bamba
- Department of Parasitology-Mycology, Higher Institute of Health Sciences (INSSA), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
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23
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Lu S, Li D, Xi L, Calderone R. Interplay of interferon-gamma and macrophage polarization during Talaromyces marneffei infection. Microb Pathog 2019; 134:103594. [PMID: 31199985 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Talaromyces marneffei is an increasingly destructive dimorphic fungal pathogen in clinical settings that can cause lethal Talaromycosis. The activation of macrophages is known to be important for host defenses against T. marneffei, and these macrophages are known to be activated in two ways (polarization), known as M1 and M2. We investigated the plasticity of these polarizations, in order to understand if cross-conversion of macrophages may be possible even after they have been programmed. We conducted in vitro experiments using a murine macrophage cell line to investigate the ability of T. marneffei to activate these polarizations. The pre-polarized (M0) macrophage subsets were challenged with LPS as a control, and the sets of M1 markers (iNOS and CD86) and M2 markers (Arg-1 and CD206) were assessed for a possible cross-conversion among M1, M2 and M0 (unstimulated) populations. We found that either conidia or yeast forms of T. marneffei initiate the repression of Arg-1 in M2 cells with no change in the M1 subtype marker molecule iNOS. However, an additional IFN-γ stimulus caused the three macrophage groups to fully exhibit an LPS-induced M2 suppression and a shift to M1 from M0 and M2. We conclude that the conversion of macrophages is required for maintenance of sufficient iNOS production against this organism in the host. The cytokine environment is the key factor that manipulates the plasticity changes among macrophage subtypes. Furthermore, IFN-γ is a crucial host defense factor against pathogenic T. marneffei that has significant therapeutic potential to promote an M1 polarization phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Lu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Liyan Xi
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Richard Calderone
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States.
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24
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Pongpech N, Rotjanapan P. Absence of cutaneous involvement in disseminated Talaromyces marneffei infection in an AIDS patient: a case report and literature review. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:1493-1499. [PMID: 31239726 PMCID: PMC6556212 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s207819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Talaromyces marneffei (T. marneffei) is an important opportunistic pathogen found in human immunodeficiency virus-positive individuals in Southeast Asia, Southern China, and Northeastern India. Patients with disseminated talaromycosis commonly develop multi-organ involvement including the skin. In this report, we describe the clinical presentation, investigation, management, and clinical outcome of an acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patient with newly diagnosed disseminated talaromycosis without skin involvement. Case presentation A 27-year-old male with AIDS presented with acute onset of abdominal pain for 4 days and fever for 2 days. He had been diagnosed with AIDS, pneumocystis pneumonia, and presumptive smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis 2 months previously. His initial CD4 count was 91 cells/mm3. After a 3-week course of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and anti-tuberculosis treatment, anti-retroviral therapy was initiated. Physical examination revealed left upper quadrant tenderness but no abnormal skin lesions. On this visit, his CD4 count rose to 272 cells/mm3 (19%). Computed tomography of the abdomen showed evidence of a small hypodense lesion with a thin enhancing rim at the spleen and extensive intra-abdominal lymphadenopathy. Empirical amphotericin B deoxycholate was administered in response to positive serum galactomannan, although this was switched to intravenous liposomal amphotericin B 1 week later because of acute kidney injury. Blood and bone marrow cultures for fungus grew T. marneffei on days 9 and 12, respectively. After 21 days of treatment, oral itraconazole replaced intravenous therapy. The patient was discharged home after 29 days in the hospital and continued to improve clinically at a follow-up visit as an outpatient. Conclusion Talaromycosis is a fairly common opportunistic infection among AIDS patients in Thailand, despite a rise in CD4 count which may reflect a change in immune status. To a lesser extent, a systemic disease without skin involvement can be expected in real clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Pongpech
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Porpon Rotjanapan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Singulani JL, Scorzoni L, de Oliveira HC, Marcos CM, Assato PA, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Applications of Invertebrate Animal Models to Dimorphic Fungal Infections. J Fungi (Basel) 2018; 4:jof4040118. [PMID: 30347646 PMCID: PMC6308930 DOI: 10.3390/jof4040118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dimorphic fungi can be found in the yeast form during infection and as hyphae in the environment and are responsible for a large number of infections worldwide. Invertebrate animals have been shown to be convenient models in the study of fungal infections. These models have the advantages of being low cost, have no ethical issues, and an ease of experimentation, time-efficiency, and the possibility of using a large number of animals per experiment compared to mammalian models. Invertebrate animal models such as Galleria mellonella, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Acanthamoebacastellanii have been used to study dimorphic fungal infections in the context of virulence, innate immune response, and the efficacy and toxicity of antifungal agents. In this review, we first summarize the features of these models. In this aspect, the growth temperature, genome sequence, availability of different strains, and body characteristics should be considered in the model choice. Finally, we discuss the contribution and advances of these models, with respect to dimorphic fungi Paracoccidioides spp., Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Sporothrix spp., and Talaromyces marneffei (Penicillium marneffei).
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya L Singulani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil.
| | - Liliana Scorzoni
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil.
| | - Haroldo C de Oliveira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil.
| | - Caroline M Marcos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil.
| | - Patricia A Assato
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil.
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil.
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Wang Q, Du M, Wang S, Liu L, Xiao L, Wang L, Li T, Zhuang H, Yang E. MADS-Box Transcription Factor MadsA Regulates Dimorphic Transition, Conidiation, and Germination of Talaromyces marneffei. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1781. [PMID: 30131782 PMCID: PMC6090077 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The opportunistic human pathogen Talaromyces marneffei exhibits a temperature-dependent dimorphic transition, which is closely related with its pathogenicity. This species grows as multinucleate mycelia that produce infectious conidia at 25°C, while undergoes a dimorphic transition to generate uninucleate yeast form cells at 37°C. The mechanisms of phenotype switching are not fully understood. The transcription factor madsA gene is a member of the MADS-box gene family. Previously, it was found that overexpression of madsA gene resulted in mycelial growth instead of yeast form at 37°C. In the current study, the madsA deletion mutant (ΔmadsA) and complemented strain (CMA) were constructed by genetic manipulation. We compared the phenotypes, growth, conidiation, conidial germination and susceptibility to stresses (including osmotic and oxidative) of the ΔmadsA with the wild-type (WT) and CMA strains. The results showed that the ΔmadsA displayed a faster process of the yeast-to-mycelium transition than the WT and CMA. In addition, the deletion of madsA led to a delay in conidia production and conidial germination. The tolerance of ΔmadsA conidia to hydrogen peroxide was better than that of the WT and CMA strains. Then, RNA-seq was performed to identify differences in gene expression between the ΔmadsA mutant and WT strain during the yeast phase, mycelium phase, yeast-to-mycelium transition and mycelium-to-yeast transition, respectively. Gene ontology functional enrichment analyses indicated that some important processes such as transmembrane transport, oxidation-reduction process, protein catabolic process and response to oxidative stress were affected by the madsA deletion. Together, our results suggest that madsA functions as a global regulator involved in the conidiation and germination, especially in the dimorphic transition of T. marneffei. Its roles in the survival, pathogenicity and transmission of T. marneffei require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangyi Wang
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Minghao Du
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Linxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Microbiology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liming Xiao
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Linqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhuang
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ence Yang
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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Yu X, Miao K, Zhou C, Cai Y, Huang X, Chen Y, Chen M, Cai H, Zhang L. T. marneffei infection complications in an HIV-negative patient with pre-existing pulmonary sarcoidosis: a rare case report. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:390. [PMID: 30097066 PMCID: PMC6086052 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3290-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Talaromyces marneffei (T. marneffei) is a thermal dimorphic pathogenic fungus that often causes fatal opportunistic infections in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. Although T. marneffei-infected cases have been increasingly reported among non-HIV-infected patients in recent years, no cases of T. marneffei infection have been reported in pulmonary sarcoidosis patients. In this case, we describe a T. marneffei infection in an HIV-negative patient diagnosed with pulmonary sarcoidosis. CASE PRESENTATION A 41-year-old Chinese man who had pre-existing pulmonary sarcoidosis presented with daily hyperpyrexia and cough. Following a fungal culture from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), the patient was diagnosed with T. marneffei infection. A high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) chest scan revealed bilateral lung diffuse miliary nodules, multiple patchy exudative shadows in the bilateral superior lobes and right inferior lobes, air bronchogram in the consolidation of the right superior lobe, multiple hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathies and local pleural thickening. After 3 mos of antifungal therapy, the patient's pulmonary symptoms rapidly disappeared, and the physical condition improved markedly. A subsequent CT re-examination demonstrated that foci were absorbed remarkably after treatment. The patient is receiving follow-up therapy and assessment for a cure. CONCLUSION This case suggested that clinicians should pay more attention to non-HIV-related lung infections in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. Early diagnosis and treatment with antifungal therapy can improve the prognosis of T. marneffei infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Yu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the People's Hospital of Cangnan, Wenzhou Medical University, No.2288, Yucang Road, Cangnan County, Zhejiang, 325800, China
| | - Keji Miao
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the People's Hospital of Cangnan, Wenzhou Medical University, No.2288, Yucang Road, Cangnan County, Zhejiang, 325800, China
| | - Changsheng Zhou
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the People's Hospital of Cangnan, Wenzhou Medical University, No.2288, Yucang Road, Cangnan County, Zhejiang, 325800, China
| | - Yuelin Cai
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the People's Hospital of Cangnan, Wenzhou Medical University, No.2288, Yucang Road, Cangnan County, Zhejiang, 325800, China
| | - Xiaoying Huang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Yanfan Chen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Mayun Chen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Hui Cai
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the People's Hospital of Cangnan, Wenzhou Medical University, No.2288, Yucang Road, Cangnan County, Zhejiang, 325800, China.
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Ellett F, Pazhakh V, Pase L, Benard EL, Weerasinghe H, Azabdaftari D, Alasmari S, Andrianopoulos A, Lieschke GJ. Macrophages protect Talaromyces marneffei conidia from myeloperoxidase-dependent neutrophil fungicidal activity during infection establishment in vivo. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007063. [PMID: 29883484 PMCID: PMC6010348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils and macrophages provide the first line of cellular defence against pathogens once physical barriers are breached, but can play very different roles for each specific pathogen. This is particularly so for fungal pathogens, which can occupy several niches in the host. We developed an infection model of talaromycosis in zebrafish embryos with the thermally-dimorphic intracellular fungal pathogen Talaromyces marneffei and used it to define different roles of neutrophils and macrophages in infection establishment. This system models opportunistic human infection prevalent in HIV-infected patients, as zebrafish embryos have intact innate immunity but, like HIV-infected talaromycosis patients, lack a functional adaptive immune system. Importantly, this new talaromycosis model permits thermal shifts not possible in mammalian models, which we show does not significantly impact on leukocyte migration, phagocytosis and function in an established Aspergillus fumigatus model. Furthermore, the optical transparency of zebrafish embryos facilitates imaging of leukocyte/pathogen interactions in vivo. Following parenteral inoculation, T. marneffei conidia were phagocytosed by both neutrophils and macrophages. Within these different leukocytes, intracellular fungal form varied, indicating that triggers in the intracellular milieu can override thermal morphological determinants. As in human talaromycosis, conidia were predominantly phagocytosed by macrophages rather than neutrophils. Macrophages provided an intracellular niche that supported yeast morphology. Despite their minor role in T. marneffei conidial phagocytosis, neutrophil numbers increased during infection from a protective CSF3-dependent granulopoietic response. By perturbing the relative abundance of neutrophils and macrophages during conidial inoculation, we demonstrate that the macrophage intracellular niche favours infection establishment by protecting conidia from a myeloperoxidase-dependent neutrophil fungicidal activity. These studies provide a new in vivo model of talaromycosis with several advantages over previous models. Our findings demonstrate that limiting T. marneffei's opportunity for macrophage parasitism and thereby enhancing this pathogen's exposure to effective neutrophil fungicidal mechanisms may represent a novel host-directed therapeutic opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Ellett
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer and Haematology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vahid Pazhakh
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Luke Pase
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer and Haematology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Erica L. Benard
- Cancer and Haematology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Harshini Weerasinghe
- Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Denis Azabdaftari
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sultan Alasmari
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alex Andrianopoulos
- Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graham J. Lieschke
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer and Haematology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Jiang J, Meng S, Huang S, Ruan Y, Lu X, Li JZ, Wu N, Huang J, Xie Z, Liang B, Deng J, Zhou B, Chen X, Ning C, Liao Y, Wei W, Lai J, Ye L, Wu F, Liang H. Effects of Talaromyces marneffei infection on mortality of HIV/AIDS patients in southern China: a retrospective cohort study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2018; 25:233-241. [PMID: 29698815 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Talaromyces marneffei is an opportunistic infection with high morbidity among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS patients in Southeast Asia and southern China. Its effects on mortality in HIV/AIDS patients has not been clearly elucidated. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of hospitalized HIV-infected individuals at the Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Guangxi, China during 2012-2015. Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to calculate the cumulative mortality. Cox proportional hazard models and 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) were used to evaluate the effects of T. marneffei infection on mortality of HIV/AIDS patients. RESULTS In total, 6791 HIV/AIDS patients were included, 1093 of them (16.1%) with documented T. marneffei co-infection. The mortality of T. marneffei-infected patients (25.0 per 100 person-months, 95% CI 21.5-26.7) was the highest among all AIDS-associated complications and was significantly higher than that of T. marneffei-uninfected HIV/AIDS patients (13.8 per 100 person-months, 95% CI 12.5-15.1; adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) 1.80, 95% CI 1.48-2.16). The results using PSM were similar (AHR 4.52 95% CI 2.43-8.42). The mortality of T. marneffei-infected patients was also significantly higher than that of patients without any complications. When stratified by demographic characteristics, T. marneffei infection has higher mortality risk in all stratifications. Co-infection with T. marneffei carries a higher mortality risk in patients at any CD4+ T-cell count. CONCLUSIONS Talaromyces marneffei infection is commonly found in hospitalized HIV/AIDS patients in southern China and was associated with a higher mortality rate than most HIV-associated complications. These results highlight the need for improved diagnosis, treatment and prevention of infection by this neglected fungal pathogen in southern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - S Meng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - S Huang
- Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Y Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (SKLID), Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - X Lu
- Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - J Z Li
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - N Wu
- Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - J Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Z Xie
- Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - B Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - J Deng
- Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - B Zhou
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - X Chen
- Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - C Ning
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Y Liao
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - W Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - J Lai
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - L Ye
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - F Wu
- Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - H Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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Accuracy of rapid diagnosis of Talaromyces marneffei: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195569. [PMID: 29621346 PMCID: PMC5886574 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To examine the accuracy of Rapid Diagnosis of Talaromyces marneffei (RDTM) in order to improve diagnosis and treatment for clinical measures and reduce the mortality due to associated infections. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we screened PubMed, Ovid (Cochrane library) and Web of Science, Chinese database CNKI and Wanfang for articles published between 1956 and December, 2017. Data were taken from cross-sectional studies as well as from baseline measurements in longitudinal studies with clinical follow-up. Articles were excluded if they did not contain a cohort with T. marneffei and a control cohort or a cohort with standard fungus culture. Data were extracted by two authors and checked by three for accuracy. For quality assessment, modified QUADAS-2 criteria were used. Results The 26 included diagnostic studies enrolled 5,594 objectives in 632 patients with T. marneffei infections and 2,612 negative controls between 1996 and 2017 in Thailand, Vietnam and China. The total combined sensitivity and specificity of rapid diagnosis of T. marneffei was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.68–0.90) and 0.99 (95% CI: 0.98–1.00). According to the experimental method, the included studies can be divided into three subgroups, including PCR-based, ELISA-based and others. The results showed these three subgroups had a highly pooled specificity of 1.00 (95% CI: 0.99–1.00), 0.99 (0.98–1.00) and 0.97 (95% CI: 0.91–1.00), respectively, while combined sensitivity was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.37–0.98), 0.82 (95% CI: 0.64–0.92) and 0.77 (95% CI: 0.54–0.91), respectively. Conclusions Although serological methods with a high specificity is essential for potential rapid diagnostic, false-negative results can be obtained in the serum samples, there is no suitable rapid serological test to refer to as is the case with TM infection.
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Chen J, Zhang R, Shen Y, Liu L, Qi T, Wang Z, Song W, Tang Y, Lu H. Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Penicilliosis Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients in Eastern China. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 96:1350-1354. [PMID: 28719279 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractTalaromyces marneffei infection is increasingly observed in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in eastern China, a nonendemic area. This study aimed to draw the clinician's attention to this disease by presenting the clinical characteristics and prognosis of penicilliosis among HIV-infected patients from this region. We retrospectively analyzed HIV-infected patients with culture-proven T. marneffei infection admitted during January 1, 2014-December 31, 2015, at the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center. A total of 48 patients with confirmed HIV infection and penicilliosis were enrolled, which accounted for a mean of 3.2% (95% confidence interval: 2.4-4.2%) of yearly HIV infection admissions among patients from eastern China. Symptoms included fever, cough, and gastrointestinal complaints, whereas the most common sign was skin lesions. Anemia occurred in 87.5% (42/48) of the patients. The overall mortality rate was 16.7%. Low CD4 T-cell count and hemoglobin level were correlated with mortality. Based on these results, we concluded that penicilliosis should be considered in HIV-infected patients from eastern China who present with fever, cutaneous lesions, and anemia. The clinical characters and the prognosis of patients with penicilliosis are similar to those in endemic areas. More attention should be paid to penicilliosis patients with low CD4 T-cell count and/or low hemoglobin level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renfang Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinzhong Shen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tangkai Qi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyan Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Tang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Hatakeyama S, Yamashita T, Sakai T, Kamei K. Case Report: Disseminated Talaromyces ( Penicillium) marneffei and Mycobacterium tuberculosis Coinfection in a Japanese Patient with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 97:38-41. [PMID: 28719322 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Talaromyces marneffei is a dimorphic fungus endemic mainly in southeast and south Asia. It causes severe mycosis, usually in immunocompromised individuals, such as those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Concomitant infection with T. marneffei and other opportunistic pathogens is plausible because the majority of T. marneffei infections occur in patients with advanced HIV infection. Nonetheless, coinfection in the same site has rarely been reported, and poses a considerable diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. We report the case of an HIV-infected Japanese patient who had lived in Thailand for 6 years. The patient developed T. marneffei and Mycobacterium tuberculosis coinfection, and both pathogens were isolated from the same sites: a blood specimen and a lymph node aspirate. Clinicians should be aware of concomitant infection with T. marneffei and other pathogens in patients with advanced HIV disease who are living in or who have visited endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Hatakeyama
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University Hospital, Tochigi, Japan.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Jichi Medical University Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamashita
- Division of General Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Sakai
- Division of Clinical Laboratory, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Kamei
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Abstract
Honey has been considered a relatively safe foodstuff due to its compositional properties, with infant botulism caused by Clostridium botulinum being the most prominent health risk associated with it. Our review is focused on the honey microflora along the food chain and evaluates the pathogenic potential of those microorganisms found in honey. This product may contain a great variety of bacteria and, particularly, fungi that eventually entered the food chain at an early stage (e.g., via pollen). For many of these microorganisms, opportunistic infections in humans have been recorded (e.g., infections by Staphylococcus spp., Citrobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Hafnia alvei, Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp., Trichoderma spp., Chaetomium spp.), although direct infections via honey were not registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- N T Grabowski
- a Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, Hanover University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation , Hanover , Germany
| | - G Klein
- a Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, Hanover University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation , Hanover , Germany
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Li HR, Cai SX, Chen YS, Yu ME, Xu NL, Xie BS, Lin M, Hu XL. Comparison of Talaromyces marneffei Infection in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-positive and Human Immunodeficiency Virus-negative Patients from Fujian, China. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 129:1059-65. [PMID: 27098791 PMCID: PMC4852673 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.180520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei (TM) is an emerging dimorphic human pathogenic fungus that is endemic to Southeast Asia. TM mostly occurs as an opportunistic infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The objective of this study was to compare the clinical and laboratory parameters of patients with TM infections who were HIV-positive and HIV-negative and to assess therapies and outcomes. METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of 26 patients diagnosed with disseminated TM infection from September 2005 to April 2014 at Fujian Provincial Hospital, China. RESULTS Patients with TM infection tend to present with fever, weight loss, and anemia. The time from symptom onset to confirmed diagnosis was greater for HIV-negative patients (n = 7; median: 60 days, range: 14-365 days) than for HIV-positive patients (n = 19; median: 30 days, range: 3-90 days, Mann-Whitney U = 31.50, P= 0.041). HIV-negative patients were more likely to have dyspnea (57.1% vs. 5.3%, χ2 = 8.86, P= 0.010), low neutrophil count (Mann-Whitney U = 27.00, P= 0.029), high CD4 count (Mann-Whitney U = 0.00, P= 0.009), and high lymphocyte count (Mann-Whitney U = 21.00, P= 0.009). There were no significant differences in other demographic, clinical, or biochemical characteristics. Among all the patients, 12 HIV-positive patient and 1 HIV-negative patient received amphotericin and fluconazole treatment, 9 of whom improved, 1 died, 2 had kidney damage, 1 had hypokalemia due to exceeded doses. CONCLUSIONS HIV-negative patients with TM infections tend to have a longer diagnostic interval, a higher percentage of dyspnea, higher levels of CD4 and lymphocytes, and lower neutrophil counts than TM infection in HIV-positive patients. Treatment programs with amphotericin and fluconazole are mostly effective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shao-Xi Cai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
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Williamson PR. Role of laccase in the virulence of Talaromyces marneffei: A common link between AIDS-related fungal pathogens? Virulence 2016; 7:627-9. [PMID: 27282335 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2016.1198867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Williamson
- a Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases , National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
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Sapmak A, Kaewmalakul J, Nosanchuk JD, Vanittanakom N, Andrianopoulos A, Pruksaphon K, Youngchim S. Talaromyces marneffei laccase modifies THP-1 macrophage responses. Virulence 2016; 7:702-17. [PMID: 27224737 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2016.1193275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei is an emerging opportunistic pathogen associated with HIV infection, particularly in Southeast Asia and southern China. The rapid uptake and killing of T. marneffei conidia by phagocytic cells along with the effective induction of an inflammatory response by the host is essential for disease control. T. marneffei produces a number of different laccases linked to fungal virulence. To understand the role of the various laccases in T. marneffei, laccase-encoding genes were investigated. Targeted single, double and triple gene deletions of laccases encoding lacA, lacB, and lacC showed no significant phenotypic effects suggesting redundancy of function. When a fourth laccase-encoding gene, pbrB, was deleted in the ΔlacA ΔlacB ΔlacC background, the quadruple mutant displayed delayed conidiation and the conidia were more sensitive to H2O2, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and antifungal agents than wild-type and other transformants. Conidia of the quadruple mutant showed marked differences in their interaction with the human monocyte cell line, THP-1 such that phagocytosis was significantly higher when compared with the wild-type at one and 2 hours of incubation while the phagocytic index was significantly different from 15 to 120 minutes. In addition, killing of the quadruple mutant by THP-1 cells was more efficient at 2 and 4 hours of incubation. The levels of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 from THP-1 cells infected with the quadruple mutant were also significantly increased in comparison with wild-type. The results demonstrate that production of laccases by T. marneffei actually promotes the pathogen's resistance to innate host defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariya Sapmak
- a Department of Microbiology , Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand.,b Faculty of Medical Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima College , Nakhon Ratchasima , Thailand
| | - Jutikul Kaewmalakul
- a Department of Microbiology , Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
| | - Joshua D Nosanchuk
- c Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , NY , USA
| | - Nongnuch Vanittanakom
- a Department of Microbiology , Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
| | - Alex Andrianopoulos
- d Genetics, Genomics and Development, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - Kritsada Pruksaphon
- a Department of Microbiology , Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
| | - Sirida Youngchim
- a Department of Microbiology , Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
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Prakit K, Nosanchuk JD, Pruksaphon K, Vanittanakom N, Youngchim S. A novel inhibition ELISA for the detection and monitoring of Penicillium marneffei antigen in human serum. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 35:647-56. [PMID: 26838686 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-016-2583-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The thermally dimorphic fungus Penicillium marneffei is a causative agent of penicilliosis marneffei, a disease considered to be an acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining illness in Southeast Asia and southern China. We have developed an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (inh-ELISA) incorporating the yeast phase specific mannoprotein-binding monoclonal antibody 4D1 for the detection of P. marneffei infection. In our sample set, the test detected antigenemia in all 45 (100 %) patients with P. marneffei, with a mean antigen concentration of 4.32 μg/ml. No cross-reactivity in this assay was found using serum from 44 additional patients with other fungal infections, such as Aspergillus fumigatus, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Candida albicans, as well as 44 patients with bacterial infections, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Streptococcus suis. Additionally, no reactivity occurred using serum from 31 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients without a history of fungal infections and 113 healthy controls residing in endemic areas. To investigate the potential of the inh-ELISA for disease monitoring, we followed the reduction in antigenemia in six patients who clinically responded to itraconazole and P. marneffei was no longer isolated from their blood or tissues. In contrast, we correlated increased concentrations of antigenemia in patients with relapsed P. marneffei infection with the progression of their clinical symptoms and the isolation of P. marneffei from their clinical specimens. In summary, the P. marneffei inh-ELISA is a promising new assay for the rapid diagnosis of P. marneffei, as well as a tool for evaluating clinical response and clearance of the fungus during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Prakit
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - J D Nosanchuk
- Departments of Medicine (Infectious Diseases) and Microbiology/Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - K Pruksaphon
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - N Vanittanakom
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - S Youngchim
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Qiu Y, Liao H, Zhang J, Zhong X, Tan C, Lu D. Differences in clinical characteristics and prognosis of Penicilliosis among HIV-negative patients with or without underlying disease in Southern China: a retrospective study. BMC Infect Dis 2015; 15:525. [PMID: 26573268 PMCID: PMC4647585 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-015-1243-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of Penicillium marneffei infection has recently increased. This fungus can cause fatal systemic mycosis in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients without HIV infection. METHODS We retrospectively analysed Penicilliosis patients between January 1, 2003 and August 1, 2014 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University. HIV-negative patients with Penicilliosis were divided into two groups: patients with underlying disease (Group D) and patients without underlying disease (Group ND). HIV-positive patients were excluded. The relationships between overall survival and the study variables were assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS During 11 years, Penicillium marneffei infection was diagnosed in 109 patients. Sixty-six (60.55 %) patients were HIV-positive and excluded from these cases. Forty-three patients were HIV-negative were enrolled. Among these patients, 18 (41.86 %) patients were in Group D, and 25 (58.14 %) were in Group ND. The most common underlying disease was diabetes. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in clinical characteristics, except for immune state and prognosis. Group ND had higher lymphocyte cell counts, CD4 cell counts, and CD4 T-cell percentages than Group D (P < 0.05). Patients in Group D had higher recurrence and mortality rates than Group ND (P < 0.05). In the univariate analysis, only underlying disease, CD4 cell percentage, and T lymphocyte cell percentage were significantly associated with overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Penicillium marneffei can infect HIV-negative patients and can cause fatal systemic mycosis. There were no clear differences in clinical manifestations among HIV-negative patients with and without underlying disease. However, Penicillium marneffei in HIV-negative patients in with underlying diseases may cause immune function decline and a deficiency in T-cell-mediated immunity. Underlying disease, CD4 cell percentage, and T lymphocyte cell percentage may be potential risk factors affecting prognosis. Timely, effective, and longer courses of antifungal treatments are important in improving prognoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Qiu
- Department of Integrated Medicine, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Haifei Liao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
| | - Jianquan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
| | - Xiaoning Zhong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
| | - Caimei Tan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
| | - Decheng Lu
- Department of Endocrinology Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Bachaspatimayum R, Haokip T, Zamzachin G, Devi YE. Ulceronecrotic penicillosis. Indian J Dermatol 2015; 60:215. [PMID: 25814751 PMCID: PMC4372955 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.152607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A 40-year-old male human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) -positive patient on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) developed bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy with fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) showing yeast cells of Penicillium marneffei. The adenopathy disappeared after 9 months of itraconazole therapy at a dose of 200 mg/day. Seven years later and 2 days following second-line HAART, the patient presented with generalized papulonodules and ulceronecrotic lesions. Biopsy of the skin lesion revealed plenty of yeast forms dividing by binary fission morphologically resembling Penicillium marneffei. Significant improvement was observed at 2 weeks of starting itraconazole 400 mg/day. After 3 months, the dose was reduced to 200 mg/day and advised to continue for 6 months. Penicillosis presenting initially in the form of cervical adenopathy and later, developing typical skin lesions rapidly progressing to ulcerative and necrotic erosions may be due to continued immunosuppression followed by immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Romita Bachaspatimayum
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Regional Institute of Medical Science, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Thangjamang Haokip
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Regional Institute of Medical Science, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - G Zamzachin
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Regional Institute of Medical Science, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Yanglem Elizabeth Devi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Regional Institute of Medical Science, Imphal, Manipur, India
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Huang X, He G, Lu S, Liang Y, Xi L. Role of Rhizomys pruinosus as a natural animal host of Penicillium marneffei in Guangdong, China. Microb Biotechnol 2015; 8:659-64. [PMID: 25824250 PMCID: PMC4476820 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Penicillium marneffei, a dimorphic fungus that can cause penicilliosis marneffei, is endemic in Southeast Asia. The only known hosts of P. marneffei are humans and bamboo rats. The aim of our study was to explore the distribution of P. marneffei in bamboo rats, their associated environment and non-rat-associated environments. Totally, 270 samples were collected in Guangdong province of China in 2012; the prevalence of P. marneffei was much higher in samples collected from surrounding areas of burrows (8.2%) than in the samples obtained from non-rat-associated sites (2%) or artificial farms of bamboo rats (0%). There was no difference in P. marneffei isolated rate from different areas of Guangdong province. The infection is prevalent in all rats, and this fungus could be frequently seen in the rats' lungs. This study confirms that bamboo rat is the ecological niche of P. marneffei and hypothesizes that bamboo rats become infected by inhaling aerosolized conidia originating from environmental sources, rather than by the fecal-oral route or transplacental crossing. According to the result of no detection of P. marneffei in the artificial farm, the activity of bamboo rats might be more relevant to the distribution and dissemination of P. marneffei in natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Research Center of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guohua He
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The Second People's Hospital of Liwan District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sha Lu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuheng Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liyan Xi
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Deepa AG, Nair BJ, Sivakumar TT, Joseph AP. Uncommon opportunistic fungal infections of oral cavity: A review. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2014; 18:235-43. [PMID: 25328305 PMCID: PMC4196293 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.140765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of opportunistic oral mucosal fungal infections are due to Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus species. Mucor and Cryptococcus also have a major role in causing oral infections, whereas Geotrichum, Fusarium, Rhodotorula, Saccharomyces and Penicillium marneffei are uncommon pathogens in the oral cavity. The broad spectrum of clinical presentation includes pseudo-membranes, abscesses, ulcers, pustules and extensive tissue necrosis involving bone. This review discusses various uncommon opportunistic fungal infections affecting the oral cavity including their morphology, clinical features and diagnostic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- AG Deepa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Vattappara, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Bindu J Nair
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Vattappara, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - TT Sivakumar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Vattappara, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Anna P Joseph
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Vattappara, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Patassi AA, Saka B, Landoh DE, Kotosso A, Mawu K, Halatoko WA, Wateba MI, Adjoh K, Tidjani O, Salmon D, Pitché P. First observation in a non-endemic country (Togo) of Penicillium marneffei infection in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient: a case report. BMC Res Notes 2013; 6:506. [PMID: 24304699 PMCID: PMC4235174 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-6-506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infection with Penicillium marneffei is a common opportunistic infection in Southeast Asia where it is endemic. We report a case of Penicillium marneffei infection with fatal outcome in a Togolese woman infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Case presentation A 45-years-old patient, infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus had consulted for ongoing febrile pneumonia since two weeks. Clinical examination revealed fever of 38.5°C, dyspnea, pulmonary syndrome condensation and papulo-nodular of “molluscum contagiosum” like lesions located on the face, arms, neck and trunk. Sputum smear was negative for tuberculosis. The chest radiograph showed reticulonodular opacities in the right upper and middle lobes and two caves in the right hilar region. The CD4 count was 6 cells/mm3 after a year of antiretroviral treatment (Zidovudine-Lamivudine-Efavirenz). She was treated as smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis after a lack of gentamicin and amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid response. Culture of skin samples and sputum had revealed the presence of P. marneffei. A treatment with ketoconazole 600 mg per day was initiated. After two weeks of treatment, there was a decrease in the size and number of papules and nodules, without any new lesions. We noted disappearance of cough and fever. The chest X-ray showed a decrease of pulmonary lesions. There was no reactivation of P. marneffei infection but the patient died from AIDS after two years of follow up. Conclusion We report a case of P. marneffei infection in a HIV-infected patient in a non-endemic country. Clinicians should think of P. marneffei infection in all HIV-infected patients with “molluscum contagiosum” like lesions.
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Kawila R, Chaiwarith R, Supparatpinyo K. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of penicilliosis marneffei among patients with and without HIV infection in Northern Thailand: a retrospective study. BMC Infect Dis 2013; 13:464. [PMID: 24094273 PMCID: PMC3851520 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Penicilliosis marneffei is increasingly observed in individuals without HIV infection. This study aimed to compare the clinical and laboratory features among HIV infected and uninfected individuals with penicilliosis marneffei. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2011 at Chiang Mai University Hospital. We included individuals who were ≥15 years of age and presented with culture-proven P. marneffei infection. RESULTS 116 HIV-infected and 34 HIV-uninfected patients were enrolled. Comparing to HIV-infected patients, HIV-uninfected patients were older; less likely to have fever, splenomegaly, and umbilicated skin lesions; more likely to have Sweet's syndrome and bone and joint infections; had higher white blood cell count, platelet count, and CD4 cell count; had lower alanine transaminase (ALT); and less likely to have positive fungal blood cultures. The mortality rates were 20.7% and 29.4% among HIV infected and uninfected patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Clinical manifestations of penicilliosis marneffei are different between patients with and without HIV infection. Physician's awareness of this disease in HIV-uninfected patients may prompt the diagnosis and timely treatment, and can lead to a better outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rathakarn Kawila
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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Tan R, Xiao Y, Tang Q, Zhang Y. A rare ultrasound presentation of splenic lesion in a patient with disseminated Penicillium marneffei infection. Radiography (Lond) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hall C, Hajjawi R, Barlow G, Thaker H, Adams K, Moss P. Penicillium marneffei presenting as an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in a patient with advanced HIV. BMJ Case Rep 2013; 2013:bcr-2012-007555. [PMID: 23362074 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2012-007555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A 62-year-old British man with advanced HIV was established on antiretroviral therapy and treatment for disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex and Cytomegalovirus infections. One month later he re-presented with epigastric pain, an epigastric mass and skin lesions. Abdominal imaging revealed large volume lymphadenopathy, which was not present on previous imaging. Blood cultures yielded Penicillium marneffei, a dimorphic fungus endemic to South-east Asia. The patient had spent several years travelling in Thailand prior to the diagnosis of HIV. Penicilliosis is a common AIDS-defining illness in endemic areas, but remains rare in Europe. In this case, it presented in the context of a rapidly decreasing viral load as an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. The challenges of management in the context of multiple comorbidities and polypharmacy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Hall
- Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Hull and East Yorkshire NHS Trust, Cottingham, East Riding of Yorkshire, UK.
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Penicillium marneffei-stimulated dendritic cells enhance HIV-1 trans-infection and promote viral infection by activating primary CD4+ T cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27609. [PMID: 22110688 PMCID: PMC3217999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Penicillium marneffei (P. marneffei) is considered an indicator pathogen of AIDS, and the endemicity and clinical features of P. marneffei have been described. While, how the co-infection of P. marneffei exacerbate deterioration of the immune response remains poorly understood. Here we isolated P. marneffei from the cutaneous lesions of AIDS patients and analyzed its effects on HIV-1-dendritic cells (DCs) interaction. We demonstrated that the monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) could be activated by both thermally dimorphic forms of P. marneffei for significantly promoting HIV-1 trans-infection of CD4+ T cells, while these activated MDDCs were refractory to HIV-1 infection. Mechanistically, P. marneffei-activated MDDCs endocytosed large amounts of HIV-1 and sequestrated the internalized viruses into tetrapasnin CD81+ compartments potentially for proteolysis escaping. The activated MDDCs increased expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and facilitated the formation of DC-T-cell conjunctions, where much more viruses were recruited. Moreover, we found that P. marneffei-stimulated MDDCs efficiently activated resting CD4+ T cells and induced more susceptible targets for viral infection. Our findings demonstrate that DC function and its interaction with HIV-1 have been modulated by opportunistic pathogens such as P. marneffei for viral dissemination and infection amplification, highlighting the importance of understanding DC-HIV-1 interaction for viral immunopathogenesis elucidation.
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